The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, May 16, 1895, Image 4
UNLBE SA M'SIGOLD,
'WHERE IT IS AND WHATI
UDONE WITH IT..
The Geld Vaults .of the Treasury a
\ Washington-Sacks of Yellow~
* Coins-Refiuing . the
Xaw Metal.
LOOKED into the gold vault in
the sub-basement of the Treasury,
- says a representative of the
Chice.go Times. It was a pro
ceeding involving much formality,
the presence of the. cashier and a per
sonal representative of the Treasure!
of the United States being required.
One of these functidnaries held the
secret combination for opening the
outer door, while the other had that of
the inner portal. When both huge aad
massiye gates of steel had been un
locked the interior of an immense safe
as big as a good-sized drawing-room
was disclosed.' That is to say, though
pitch dark, its internal arrangement
could be seen when a gas jet war
lighted.
Running straight through the middl%
from the entrance was a sort of hall.
way, on either side of which was arom
of iron lattice work compartments.
There were in all fourteen of these lat.
tice work rooms, somewhat resembling
cells along a prison corridor, and all
but one of them were filled as full as
they couild hold with bags of coin.
However, this coin was not gold, but
silver. The compartment excepted
was the first one to the left of the
doorway. It alone contained the en
tire stock of gold now held in the
Treasury at Washington-a total of
$10, 500,000. The small show made b7
.t was surprising.
Instead of being chokefull like the
.ompartment containing silver, this
one seemed almost empty. Even the
floor was not covered with the bags of
yellaw coin, which were stacked is
small heaps around the walls as if tc
make some sort of show. Yet value in
this form is so highly concentrated as
to give occasion for all the precautions
above described, while a few feet away
from this vault is an enormous box of
iron lattice worK exposed to the view
of the public all day, though within
it is stored $101,000,000 in standard
silver dollars. Fortunately, this
quantity of gold is only a fraction of
Uncle Sam's stock of.that metal. There
is more of it in the subtreasuries at
eithei- New York or San Francisco thar
's kept here.
The minta also hold a great amount
of gold belonging to the Government.
In a room adjoining the business office
of the big coin factory on Chestnut
street, Philadelphia, may be seen about
S30,000,000 worth of the yellow metal
in the shape of shining bricks, stacked
upon shelves, just as delivered from
the assay offices. That is wealth in a
form better realized than the specie
done up in bags at the Treasury. 11
does not seem to be so carefully
guarded as it is here, but the only
-theft ever accomplished from the
Quaker City institution was that of a
silver brick which a laborer slyly
threw into a barrel of refuse, thus con
veying it out of the building. Bat,
though he was not detected, the
massive ingot proved itself to him a
v'eritable white elephant, and he was
caught in trying to dispose of it ir
'sew York.
Though the show of gold at the
[reasury is not impressive at the first
glance one has more respect for it
when the contents of the bags are
enumerated. Stacked in heaps around
the compartinent referred to are
ninety-eight sacks, each containing
1000 yellow double eagles. Poured
out on the floor they would make a
- ery decent pile of glittering metal,'
representing altogether $1,960,000.
B6uides these there are four hundred
anteixty'-nine bags, each holding 2500
ahining eagles7 or $2,845,000 in all..
Then there are 198 sacks, each con
taining 1000 $5 .pieces, or a total of
B5,9'90,000. -Lastly, there are fifteen
sacks, each filled to bursting with
1000 of those annoying $2.5,0 pieces,
whidh are so easily mistaken for cents
that no more of them are to be coined
by the mints.
* One of the most interesting sights
Iin the world is the refinin~g of the raw
gold bullion at the United States Assay
Office on Wall street, New York. Ar
.riving there from the mines it is first
melted, to free it from all earthy mat
ter and other foreign substances. Then
a certain quantity of silver is added to
it and the mixture is immersed in a
bath of nitric acfi. The acid has no
effect on the gold, but it dissolves the
silver into a liquid which looks just
like pure water. This limpid liquid is
-drawn oT, .leaving the gold at the bot
tom of the tub. The precious metal
thus purified looks like so much fine
red gravel. To get rid of all moisture
it is subjected to pressure. On com
ing out of the squeezing machine it
appears in the shape of big cakes, re
sembling angel food cakes in form.
These cakes are worth abodt.$25,000
each, and one could afford to pay
$2000 for a slice of very moderat'
sze.
This is the material out of which the
gold cins are made. The gold is
melted into a crucible, 'from which it
K is dipped out with a ladle and poured
into iron molds. When cooled the
molds are unlocked and taken apart,
the precious metal then appearing in
the shape of what are ' termed "in
rots." For the coinage one-tenth part
of copper is mixed with gold, but the
Giove-rnment also makes a business of
iaanufact .ring "merchants' bars" for
the use of jewelers, gold leaf makers
and dentists, who require the virgin
K metal in their trades. Such bars are
as~ near to perfect purity as can be,
being 999 fine out of a possible 1080.
Theic Giovernment, while it makes a big
profit by coining silver, gains nothing
by minting cold nieces, the intrinsic
vaslue of which is equal to their face.
There is always some loss by wasting,
too. The sweepings of the Philadel
phiau mint alone sell for $23,000 an
Mifght e! Worse.
Practical Father (angrily)-I am
told that that young man who comes
to see you writes poetry. Daughter
-Y-e-s, father, he does. "Huh!
Publishes It, too, I suppose?" "No.
No one will print it." '-Then there'9
en~e hope for him. -
DRESS WITH SMOCK ORNA31EN
AND DRCENs WITH BOW'
OF 8--10 1
Satisfied with the Change.
In the days when men sold tbhi
wives for a small money considera- L
tion, the woman in the case was not 0
always dissatisfied with the changer a
rder of things- d
Early in the month of March, 1766, vi
n Englih carpenter, named Hig. t
ginson, went into an alehouse for hi.' d
norning draught; there he mnet a fel' b
low carpenter, and their conversation 0
urned on wives. The carventer
whose name history has not recorded, P
amented that he nad no wife.
iiggorinson, on the other hand, la. I
nented that he had, and expressed e
-ezret that there was no way, ex-t
ept murder, b7 which he could rit
diiself of her 1
The carpenter assured Higginson b
p,
,hat there was a way-the old Eng- d
oish cudtom that made it quite law- s1
al for a husband to sell his own rib. cl
turNo one would be stich a fool as tr
>uy mine," sighed Higginson.
"I would do so," the other b
>romptly replied, "and think I hae
made a rood bargain, too." t
The husband, just then in a moodt
o chafe against domestic reutraintc
:lenched the bargain on the spot c
T. Higginson was duly claimed b r
telfr ae husband oehi w ig.
nog one would beith ahimo as hir
uinfew" dasighee rigins nso
ome ousptd do ha,"the ha oter
pomptl reple,"andeto th Ither
Thpentersbd hous hening ai mood t
ac.Mrs. Higginson renuouslyme br
hersedwtoordvenderenewwilli.glA a
Rifei
hoe or suse"tsad thshe ad not r
oke." b
Higginson went again and again,
ut to no purpose, and after a week
r two ceased calling. His wife had a
ust begun to conclude that he had
t last quietly resigned his claim,
hen she was cited to appear before
coroner'sjury andl identify her hus.
and, who had settled the questior
y hanging himself.
The price paid for the woman is ol
ot recorded. la
A Political-Paradise.SI
The little sub-Alpine principality oi et
.Lichtenstein, which is separated from ol
Switzerand by the Rhine, is subjeci fa
o the overlordship of the Austrian h<
Emperor; but it enjoys a degree ol si
ndependence and self-government at
which is more Swiss than Austrian. A
[he inhabitants are free from the "
ustrian military conscription, andR
hey have no military burdens to pay. Iyt
hey are also freed from all Imperial la
axation. Their local parliament, the'c
Lichtensteiner Landtag,, meets once a t<
ear, and in the course of a week it a
gets through all the necessary legisla. re
ion, and sends its report to the n:
rince. This year's report, which has be
ust been passed by the unanimoue
ote of the L~nndtag, exhibits Lichten
tein as a veritable political paradise. D
The favorable situation of the finan- w
es of the Fatherland," says this par- w
iamentary report, "renders it both a tt
uty and a satisfaction to recommend di
considerable lowering of the exist- er
ig taxes on the soil." The prince as
ave his sanction to the project, and a ur
aw was passed which has made the b<
ery small local self-taxation smaller ti
hn ever.-New York Dispatch
ELEANT RECEPTION
T FOR GIRLS OF 5--7 YEARS,
'RIMMIlNGS FOR GIRLS
EARS.
The Plum and Its Uses.
Our plum is the cultivated plum o1
ie garden, whose parent is a native
f Asia and Southern Europe, but
ich has taken so kindly to the con.
itions of soil and climate in our newer
orld that many of the choicest varie
es seem almost spontaneously pro.
uced here, varieties surpassing in
eauty and flavor the most noted plumr
f France or England.
The most important form of the
lum in commerce is that of prunes,
they are exported from France,
urkey, and our own California to
very part of the world. The finer
ass of prunes passes through a very
ireful course of treatment before
eing put into the market. The plume
re gathered when just ripe enough to
l from the trees on being slightly
iaken. They are all picked by hand,
ire being taken not to gather them
til the sun has entirely dried off the
ew. They are then spread in shallow
skets, and kept in a cool dry place
til they become very soft, when
iey are shut in a spent oven for
enty-four hours, then taken out,
refully turned, and, the oven being
heated, slightly warmer than before.
,turned to it.
I'he operation is again repeateft,
en they are taken out and left to
at quite cold. The next step in the
rcess is "rounding," an operation
)sisting of tutrning the stone in the
Lm without breaking the skin and
rssing the two ends together be
~een thumb and finger. Twice more
:e they then substituted to heat,
er which they are packed in jars o:
res for sale.
n Southern France a spirit is ob
ned by fermenting the bruised pulp
id kernels of the plum with honey
id flour, and distilling the mass.
hper's B3azar.
Story or a Jealous Office Sener.
A story is related by London Truth
a French official who was possessed.
a very pretty wife and a particu
y jealous temperament This of
al had frequently applied without
cess for a certain post. At length
~wife proposed to interview the
et in person and see if she could
ain for her husband what he had
led to procure for himself. On this
ng suggested the latter remained
ent for a considerable time, fluctu
ng between ambition and jealousy.
last he devised a safe course.
es, my dear, you have my sanction.
t upon one condition only-that
1u paint your nose a deep red." The
dy, it is needless to say did not pro
d with the interview upon these
ms. It was afterward commonly
id, however, that the story having
ched the chief's cars, he good.
turedly appointed the~ g"rafd
ad to the post.
Sickni.
Whenever an animal shows signs of
ng sick do not allow it to remain
htl the others, but remove it
ere it can he quarantmned, and
ere will be less risk of contagious
eases in the flocks or herds. Farm
do not observe this precaution
strictly as they shoula, but wait
itil two or more animals are affectedl
fore separating the sick ones from
Lose thbat are well.
m-rmi OFCOH-EV
ON A HUNT FORi AMBBRORIS
an Adventurer Who Thinks There Ar
Fortunes on the New Guiuea Coast.
,. McCaulay, a tall, bronzed man
With busby, brown side whiskers,
and wearing a broad-rimmed, drab
colored hat, is at the American Ex
change from New Guinea, says the
San Francisco Examiner. Mr. Mc
Caulay is attractiug attention, not
only by his striking appearance, but
by rhe singular news which he brings.
as well as by a queer box, the con.
tents of which he discloses -when at
tention is called to it. He has pene
trated regions of New Guinea, during
several years in that country, never
before reached by white men, and has
also sailec along its shores in places
unvisited by other English-speaking
travelers. The box he has contains
ambergris, and Mr. McCaulay states
that there was a la.rge amoult of it
in the places he visited aTong the
New Guinea coast. lie says there
were many sperm whales there from
which the ambergris comes. Lumps
and chunks of it are found in the
water and washed ashore, varying in
weight from a few onces to a hun.
dred pounds and more. It is very
high, and a few pounds of it makes a
very comfortable stake to the finder
when he gets where he can market
it. Mr. McCaulay is preparing to go
ambergris hunting. He will cruise
along the coast in a whaleboat, with
natives to pull the oars, and collect
what he can and forward it to Sar
Francisco and London.
"1 know one man," he said, "who
found a lotof ambergris not long ago,
took it to England and got $50,OOC
for it. Other men have made from
$5, 000 up, and others have made less.
Moso men don't know what it is, and
they are as liable to push it away
with the foot as do anything else
with it. I am satisfied there is big
money in going into the business of
bunting for it, and that Is one of the
things I am going to do when I ge'
back."
Ambergris is used in perfumeries,
for certain kinds of cooking, and in
pharmacy. Fabulous stories aie told
of its being worth from $2.50 to $3 a
grain. This seems to be an error,
however, for at the San Francisco
drug stores the price is said to be
$3.25 an ounce for black ambergris
and $5.75 for the gray. It is the
latter which the New Guinea ex
plorer has brought with him, and he
says that is the kind generally found
*here.
"There is a curious thing aboui
it," said he. "You can put a little
of it on a bunch of flowers and it will
preserve them perfectly for a hundred
years. If there are several different
kinds it will preserve thema all
equally, and each will retain its odor,
too, no matter how long it may be.
Wben it is picked up out of the water
the air causes it to crumble to a
powder-that Is, if it Is exposed to it
-and, on the other hand, if it is
placed in the sun it will turn to oil,
I shall be here several weeks, and
when I go back it will be with a full
equipment for gathering all the am.
bergris I can find. As there are as
yet no regular hunters, the new fields
for ambergris being yet hardly
known, 1 expect to make considera
ble of a fortune.".
A Sure Eule.
M~iss Newrich-But there is se
mnuch to learn. I shall never know
good from bad. Society Teacher
Nothing easier, my dear young lady.
Just avoid everything that looks
sensible and no one will suspect thai
you're not well born on the avenue.
Analoggle
watts-Hlow do you spell 'whisky?'~
'k-y,' or 'k-e-y?' Potts - 'Ks-y.1
ame as IKentucky. - IndianapoA.
'I
IRDA
CLOH, ALIN TILET.CLO
P DRESSAND CLOH DRESS
TRAVELLING SUIT
The New York Style.
A well-known Western man called
.n a pompous New Yorker at his
office some time ago. He had known
pim only by correspondence and had
to introd uce himself.
"I am Mr. Blank of Blankville,"
ie said politely enough.
"Yes?" and the New Yorker's eye
orows went up questioningly.
"I called to pay my resrects and
see you on your native heath," the
Western man went on, with a half
smile.
"Yes?"
"You have a big town here."
"Yes." ~
"It is my first visit and I never
really appreciated New York befoi-e."
"Yes?"I
"I presume you take it quite as a
matter of course?"
"Yes."
The Western man began to feel
;he New York influence.
"People here are always on the
rush, I notice," he said.
"Yes."
"You ought to take a week off and
;ome our way."
"Yes?"
"I'm sure it would do you ~good."
"Yes?"
"Like this better, I fancy?"
4,Yes."i
By this time the Western man was
getting hot, notwithstanding the
other man was freezing him.
"I don't think I'd like it quite so
ivell," he proceeded.
"Yes?" and again the New York
er's eyebrows went up.
"You are rather different from me,
I think."
"Yes?i
"You are a cad."
"Yes"-then the New Yorker
seemed to be touched. "What de
you mean, sir?' he said angrily.
"Just what I say," responded the
Westerner, moving toward the door
,lowly; "I believe you have my card,
Sood day."-Free Press.
Cheap Hydrogen.
An engineer in Milan, Italy, has
succeeded in discovering a process of
making hydrogen on a large scale and
so cheaply that in producing 1,300
cubic meters a day this gas will cost
only 1 cent per cubic meter. Con
sidering the fact that the substance,
the lightest of all known and very
innammaflIe, admits or complet comn.
bustion, emits no smoke while burn.
ing, leaves no ashes or other pro
ducts, gives the most intense heat
obtainable and surpasses in power
the electric light, one may easily com
prehend the importance~ of this dis.
covery if true.
Bright Bostou.
Beacon-Boston is the seat of learn
(ng and culture in America. Beecker
.-Then, I presume, that is why
bright people throughout the country
are all the time tryIng to sit on it,
Waverly Magazine.
)RESSES.
- JAKT /AKN
M Bull and Stallon i6 Combatr,
yohn Kreutzer owns a forty-acre
farm on the Rockford fork of -Brush
3reek, just over the liVe from this
:ounty, says an Oakland (Ill.) corres
?ondent of the St. Louis Republic.
the most valuable stock he has on the
farm is, or rather was, a fine Durham
aull and staLion of good br 4. He
ias lost them both after the ercest
ight that two strong and fierce ani
nals could wage.
Kreutzer had always turned his bull
tud stallion into the same lot, and
,here was apparently the best of feel
ing between them. One day recently,
aowever, the bull began frantically ca
vorting around the barnyard. The
stallion for a time looked with appar
mt consternation at the queer antics
af his erstwhile sober friend, and then
e began trotting around after the in
furiated animal as it ran from one side
af the enclosure to the other. Finally
the bull, after almost exhausting him
self in an effort seemingly to throw
something off, suddenly turned and
made for the stallion. The new tac
tics of the bull took the horse by sur.
prise, and it was only after his flank
had been severely gored that he real
ized the situation, and then began a
battle that would have thrilled the
4.eart of a Spanish bull fighter.
The stallionmadeno attempt to kick,
but struck viciously with his fore feel
and tore great quivering chunks of
aesh out of the bull with his teeth.
The terrific roar of the battle brought
Mr. Kreutzer from an adjoining field,
but he knew it was death to venturein
the yard. At last, after struggling all
over the yard, the bull made one grand
rush, catching a horn in the horse's
groin and disembowelling him. The
aoble animal sank to the ground with
L groan and expired. The bull stag
gered away a short distance and fell.
Mr. Kreutzer, who had witnessed
the mutual destruction of the best par
of his fortune, now ventured in. The
bull was still living, and, wrapped
closely about one of his hind legs, ht
discovered the cause of all the bloody
battle. It was nothing more nor less
than a little blacksnake about two feet
long, which had coiled about the ani
mal's leg and caused him such frantic
terror that he completely lost his head.
The snake showed no disposition to
move on, and Mr. Kreutzer killed it
where it was. The bull was so badly
v ounded that he was shot.
'AE
~q. ~*
sd, ea *th mothofte ere
andas dscrbed y th Caiforian
isaatmrvelsof enierizn k. Fo
threserved ontehaterwaysestpassen
trofghe al Rvrica orge sothe
Superstition Mountains, cut out of
the solid rock to a depth of 100 feet.
After the miountains are passed it
divides into four branches, the long
est of which measures more than
forty miles, while all four aggregate
a length of 120 miles, independent of
the smaller ditches by which water
was distributed over the soil. Ex
eept in rare instances these smaller
ditches have been filled, and in that
potion of the desert are obscured by
the sandstornms that prevail; but the
larger one is pet fectly distinct. and
measures sixty-four feet in width
with an average depth of twelve feet.
Through this way the water for the
support of the cities betwveen the Salt
and Gila Rivers was conveyed and
1,600 square miles of country, Dow
destitute of all vegetation except in
Sahuara and an occasional palo verde,
was irrigated by it. This canal
reached within a short distance
of the Gila Rliver, and the water was
taen from the river Salt for the ap
parent reason that at this point the
north back of the Gila was so high
that they were unable to reach the
urrent with a canal, and they evi
ently knew or no way to raise to the
level of the surrounding country.
Ths part of the dcsert is coveredl
with ruins, and must have been at
one time the residence of a teeming
population. _______
Utilizing Him.
/ / - /
Farmer Oatcake--ow. I reck'n
that was a mighty slick idee oi
mine to set Adolphus John to work
markin' out cern-rows with that 'ere
bicercle of his'n. i've found sunthin'
he's good fer at last.--Judge.
The Wherefore of It.
"I thought you said you admired
blondes more than brunettes, Jay
cott?" "I do." "But Mrs. .layc'itt.
Is a brunette." "Yes. That's tlhe
Ai ce re. tI
having lite
In the win ti e 6 . -w
moments wben e . scorched b
the flames of thy T ng wood Oro
he must have i ehive gwl
cold, for the te M r$tt four f,
away from the'M10 T. Ua& raS
winter's day woW# s1WO take
modern child scrBeal 4ssogp0
fort, or lie stupefied WM chilled. -'
the Sunday following his birth th
little martyr was carrledto the meet
ing-house to be baptized. . - '"* *
When we read that the buildint
was often so cold' that 011 coi
munion bread was "frozen p'tty harI
and rattled sadly In the plate," W
wonder that grown persons coul
bear the exposure, and still greater i
the marvel that tender babies could
live through their christeninAgs fo
the ice had often to be broken In th(
zhristehing bowl.
Dressed in fine linen, and wpappe
in a hand-woven christening blankeX
the young Piiritan received his ArA
chilly welcome into the church. On0
record to be found in Judge ,Sewall'i
diary of Jaftuary, 1694, pictures the
state of the case with a graph/
touch:
"A very extraordinary storm b6
reason of the falling and driving of
the snow. Few women could get to
neeting. A child named Alexandeo
'was baptized in the afternoon."
It is evident that Alexander mus6
have been of a tough fibre, since hii
teath is not straightway recorded.
Nor was the christening day tht
only Sabbath on which the babt
graced the meeting-house. Purita
wromen were devoted church.goernk
and if the mother went, the baby
had to go also. Indeed, we some
times hear of a little wooden cage ot
frame in the meeting-house to hold
the babies who were too young. feeble
)r sleepy to sit upright.
Of the dress of these children we
know little, but yet enough to prove
that they must have been supremely
miserable. Linen formed the chill.
foundation of their attire, thin shortV
sleeved, low-necdRed.Ehirts. Their
gowns were generally shapil - e
necked sacks of linen or dimity m
ind embroidert&by hand.
In summer and winter tue b y's
head was always closely covered by a
cap, often warmly wadded, which
was more comforting in cold weather
than comfortable in the warmes'
weason.
Yet some of these babies survived,
ind New England was peopled witb
ofen and women of sturdy fibre.
Ecoiomyon ocomotive.
It is now generally admitted that
hatever be the blance between the
advantages of compound and simple
locomotives, the former require con
siderably less water than the latter.
Advantage has been taken 'of this
fact on a trunk line where considera
ble difficulty -has been experienced in
keeping the boilers in a state of good
repair. Flues are constantly leaking
and the life of the boilers on one di
vision oif the road in particular is
very short, owing to excessive incrus
ations. though they are washed out
after every round trip. On .investi
gation it was found that the trouble
was due largely to the water taken
at a single station. Since careful
ests made with accurate meters and
calculations based on indicator cards
show that the compound engines
work with nearly forty per cent. less
water than simple locomotives, it
has been decided to work the divi
sion in question wholly with the
former type. It is expected that in
this way It will be unnecessary to
use water from the place where tho
supply is bad, and so avoid its effects
on the boilers. Should this expect?
tion be fulfilled the compound prin
ciple will be the means of effectl:-g a
saving not only in the amount of
fuel and water used, but also in the
total cost of boiler repairs, while
owing to the time saved, which is
now spent in frequent washing, a
smaller number of engines will be
needed.
The Road to Foitune.
Civility is a fortune in itself, for a
ourteous man often succeedb 4n life,
and that even when persons of abil
ity faiL The 11istory of ')ur own
country Is full of examples of success
obtained by civility. The experience
of every man furnishes, if .1e but re
call the past, frequent instances
where conciliatory manners have
made the fortunes of physicians, law
yers, divines, politicians, merch'ants,
and indeed individutls of all pursuits.
In being introduced to a stranger, his
affability or the reverse creates in
stantaneously a proposition in his
favor, or awakens unconsciously a
preudice against him. To men, civ
ilty is, in fact, what a pleasing' ap
pearance is to women; it is a general
passport to favor-a letter of recom
mendation written in a language
that every person understands. The
best of men have often injured thenr.
selves by irritability and consequent
rudeness; whereas men of inferior
abilities have frequently succeeded
by their agreeable and pleasing mani
ners. Of two m'n equal in all other
respects, the courteous one has twice
the advantage, and oy far the better
chance of making his way in the
world.
Glio Hor a .sbtkIng Exampin.
A father said to his little girl of 5:
"Suppose a little girl should strike
ou, you wouldn't strike back, woukul
you?" Atter a moment's thought she
sad: "I should want to -show hos
ho~w shc 'lid it. "-Texas Siitngs.
A Ficeoan.
Ittle Dot-Lucy L.ocket wanted
'e to go get'qjuainte~d with that new
little girl but I wouldn't, 'cause th~t
little girl isn't used to good s'ciet.v.
Mfamma-Why do IOn think ?
Little Diot-ehe can'1 screw her nose
ap a bit.-Eschango.
ne noe Wana
Tramip-Will you g
Certainly, sir. You
nill two) miles down
you? We'li, I'll giv
Iutes to reach it. Co