Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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POSSESSED BY ALL ANIMALS. ghe Instinct of Locanty Not Confne4d U the Four-Footed Creation. A cat carried a hundred miles In , oasket, a dog taken, perhaps. 500 miles by rail, in a few days may have found their way back to the starting point, says a writer in the Spectator. So we have often been told, and, no doubt,'the thing has happened. We have been astonished at the wonder ful intelligence displayed. Magic, 1 should call it Last week I heard of a Captain who sailed from Aberdeen to Arbroath. He left behind him a dog which, according to the story, had never been in Arbroath, but when he arrived there the dog was waiting on the quay. I was expected to believe the dog had known his master's destination, and been a ble to inquire the way overland to Ar broath. Truly marvelous! But really, it is time to inquire more care fully as to what these stories do mean; we must cease to ascribe our Intelligence to animals, and learn that it is we that often possess their instinct. A cat on a farm will wan. der many miles in search of prey and will therefore be well acquained with the country for miles around. It is taken fifty miles away. Again It wanders and comes across a bit of country it knew before. What more natural than it should go to its old home? Carrier pigeons are thaught "homing," by taking them gradually longer flights from home so that they may learn the look of the country. We cannot always discover that a dog actually was acquainted with the route by which it wanders home; but it is quite absurd to imagine, as most people at once do, that it was a perfect stranger to the lay of the land. To find our way a second time over ground we have once trod Is scarcely intelligence; we can call it instinct, though the word does not In the least explain the process. Two years ago I first visited Doug 'as in the Isle of Man. I reached the station at 31 p m. I was guided to a house a mile through the town. I scarcely paid any attention to the route, yet next morning 1 found my way by the same route to the station, walking with my head bent, deeply thinking all the time about other things than the way. I have the in stinct of locality. Most people going into a dark room that they know are by muscular sense guided exactly to the very spot they wish; so people who have the instinct of locality may wander over a moor exactly to the place they wish to reach without thinking of where they go. There may be no mental exercise connected with this. I have known a lady of great intelligence who would lose her way within half a mile of the bouse she had lived in forty years. This feeling about place belongs to that part of us that we have in common with the lower creatures. We need not postulate that the animals show signs of possessing our intelligence. They possess in common with na what is not intelligence, but instinct. fle Horse as a zeasomug Animal. "It is a mistaken idea that none but human beings can reason,. and that dumb animals have not that power," maid Professor Albert A. Palmer, of Buffalo. "I am fully prepared to demonstrate that the animals inferior - -- to man have reasoning faculties, and that what is generally termed instinct plays an important part in their do ings and actions. "Let me give a single example. 3. have a friend named Downing who owns a string of valuable race horses. In his string is a horse known as Bpeedwest. A day or so before a race in which the horse is entered he gen erally sends him out on the track mounted by a stable boy for a little preparatory work. This horse 'will not take kindly to his work, and no ambunt of persuasion with whip or spur can get him away from a common - canter. I noticed this peculiarity in the animal, and one day suggested to Downing that perhaps the horse knew that he was not expected to race, and for that reason could not understand exactly what was required of him. I prevailed upon him to dress the stable boy in the colors usually worn in a .race and trythe horse.again. He did so, and the boy was placed in front of the animal for a moment that he might see the colors. The result was that 'when the boy mounted again the horse broke at the word of command and 'set off at a long, swinging gallop, which he increased to a run, finishing under a strong pull. Another stable boy was put up without the colors, and the horse refused to leave the loping gait at which he started out. A second time the colors 'were used and again the animal set out at a rato .of speed calculated to break a record. "What do you call that, instinct or reasoning? I contend that the horse had a rational faculty which he exer cised at will. He knew that without the colors he had nothing in particular to gain by extending himself to a swift run. When the colors were put on the horse reasoned that there was some object in view. He reasoned that he was already prepared for a raw and made his pace accordingly withoiit being urged."-St. Louis Globe-Dem. ocrat. Themakerofthe First Stars and Strlpb. Elizabeth Griscom (or, as it was for merly spelled, Griscombe) was the eighth child of Samuel and Rebeccs Griscom. She was married three timem -to Mr. Ross, to Mr. Ashburne, and to Mr. John Claypole, or Claypoole. Sam uel Griscom, her father, was the grand son of Andrew Griscom, who came tc Philadelphia from Yorkshire in 1682, and-who is known in history as the builder of the first brick house in Philadelphia. Samuel was a Friend, and lived for many years on Arch street, between Third and Fourth streets. He was a ship-builder and - house-carpenter, and assisted in the erection of Independence Hall. Se much for Betsy Griscom's family. AE Betsy Ross, the widow, she lived for a1 long time in the old house before and after the Revolution, conducting a drnmlig and millinery business. She won for herself the name of being the finest needle-worker in America, a this, and the high regard Genera] Washington had for her, led the Con gressional Committee to consult her about the flag that was destined to be come the sacred National emblem to all generations of loval Americans. -NOTHING TO RW.OR(aK.4 Bhould some gl'st angel say to me to. morrow, 1Thou must retread thy pathway from th' start, But God will grant in pity for thy sorrow, Some one dear wish, the nearest to thy heart." This were my wish.: "From my life's dir beginning Let be what has been! Wisdom planned the whole, My want, my woe, my errors and my sinning, 111, all were needed lessons for my soul." -Ella Wheeler Wilcox. MISS HOPES ROMANCE. , ND now, gentle men, since we have finished the busi< ness of electing a trustee, it b e hooves me, as clerk of the district and Chairman of this meeting, to speak of a teacher for this ensuing year. Indeed, it given me great pleasure to inform our trus tees that they will have .very little trouble in securing the services of a worthy and estimable woman. The applicant, Miss Amelia Squabbs, came to me a few days ago and asked me t use my interference in her behalf. She probably meant my influence, gentle men. I did not quite engage her, but gave her to understand that her mind might be at rest on the subject. Misa Squabbs left her photograph to be pre. sented to the district at this meeting. I consider it and her manner extreme ly prepossessing. Just the woman gentlemen, to train the tender mind. "Indeed !" Mr. Spick's terse remark expressed so much that Mr. Sawyer was on hit leet again in a moment. "Don't feel prejudiced, gentlemen, because she came to me first. Her face shows that she has had experience with boys and girls and I feel confi dent she may be able to civilize some of the wild Indians in this district." "Indeed !" This second "indeed" issued froir the lips of Mr. Spike, who owned twt of the said wild Indians. "Yes," continued Mr. Sawyer, un, mindful of the interruption, "on school has been degenerating for the past five or ten years, until the chil dren in it are the most demoralized set to be found in the whole county, They are ignorant, saacy, bad-" "Have acare, if you please, Sawyer,' spoke up Mr. Span. "You are speak ing of our children, not your own. We quite agree with you that the school has not been as good lately as it might be. The trustees have not taken at much interest in it as they should. We have allowed others in the district to monopolize the duties of our office. In future the trustees expect to hire the teachers themselves, to say what shall and shall not be done, sad tosnpportthe teacher in every way, in their power. So you.may tell Miss Squabbs, the pro, totype of this caricature of woman hood, that we don't want her. We have a treat in store for the childreg -Dolly Hope is to teach the schod next year." A murmur of surprise and disap proval filled the room, and a tall, burly man at the end of the room rose quicb ly. - "Neighbor, rm safe to say you don's mean the yonng gal as lives over thei fields yonder?" "The very same, Dawson, -a What have you to say against. her?" "Why, she's but a child, not olda. chan my Jemuima. Thle children won't obey her." "Give them to understand that they must obey." "I do my best neighbor, 'but those youngsters are fuller of spirit than mS olts are. I'm half inclined to agree with Mr. Sawyer ; get them a teached they will learn to dread and have.s wholesome fear of." The speaker was William Dawson, a wealthy farmer with a large family, His wife was an invalid, and Jemima, his eldest daughter, a girl of twenty, ruled his home as best she could. Ht sent six children to school, and thai Left at home Jemima and Bobert, E handsome young fellow of twenty-two. "Is this new teacher the young girl wo goes gallivanting-round the ooun try on a big black horse ?" asked Bed' dy, the father of another big family. "Yes, she rides horaeback." "She has just returned from Europe, hey say, and I doubt not her head is led with all sort of outlandish knowledge. A common teacher would fo just as well." "Why now, neighbors, I thin we had better give the young lady a shanoe," spoke up ex-soldier Brown. "I am glad for my children's sake thai we are to have a refined, college-bred md traveled teacher. She is a stran er to us all. Perhaps she will do better than some of you are inclinei to think." "Oh, yes, Brown; to be sure you ave no fear for her!i Your children Lways do get the benefits. It's a fine ;hing to be a favorite pupil." Mr. Brown's face flushed, but b-' Luswered quietly : "Yes, I'o glad my children are fa ortes. They are accustomed to >beice and kindness at home. and I >elieve they are also good in school" Mr. Sawyer here arose, and making us way to the door said: "Gentlemen, the business of the ~vning is finished. I have helped the chool in the past all that I could. II biss Hope wishes my advice PIll give t ; but the trustees have assumed the eponsibility of hiring her, now they nust support her. I'm done. Good ight." And he passed out. "Tigat is just what we mean to do 'pport the teacher, and if every ather here will iumpress it on his hildren'stminds wewon't have so many' o expel next month," remarked Mr rownj. On the morning when school was to pen the children congregated early. "I've bronght a prescnt for the lnewI -'acher," said Barbara Hunter. "3! onder how she will like it ?" - She oponed a box she carried, and *e caught a glimpse of a little- furry resture. "Won't the dainty Mis3 Hopo yeilk bough !" said Barbara. "'Taint ikel'y she saw any QI these in thezr ri5rathiiroad on a Blow canter came ) A beautiful black horse and his rider, x: Miss Hope; she was dressed in a close 5tting dark habit and cap. She stopped Y at Mr. Dawson's, where she was to a leave her horse, gave Robert the bridlj n and entered the house. Very soon she o reappeared, dressed for school, and < walked quickly up the hill. F "Good morningt lam glad to meei V fou all," she said pleasantly. t< Forty-two pairs of eyes scanned hek slosely as she passed into the school l house. We were all there, and only fh those who have gone through the or- si deal can appreciate how very trying h this first day was to be to the -young t] teacher. At 9 o'clock the bell rang, c< and we took our seats. Some good in- h stinct must have guided Miss Hope iv zD making the schedule of names, classes, a and so on, for she began with the roy V in which the best behaved pupils wer/ k seated. Next was Barbara's row. "What is your name?" inquired the foung teacher. "Some folks call me Red Top." p "Yes? What do your 'parents c. v on?" "Barbara." & "Barbara what ?" "Hunter." "How old are you, Barbara Huv "Past ten." " o "How many years past?" ti "Five." C "What do you read in. Barbara?' V "A book, Miss Hope." In this way she and her followere a .ried all day to annoy Miss Hope; bul r she seemed not to notice their rude, \ess. Not till afternoon did she discova 9 her present. Barbara had put it in i crayon box on her desk. The first lan. guage class was called-ten boys and girls. Miss Hope, eagerly studying their sweet faces, drew the box toward a her to get some crayon. She slid bac] t the lid, put in her hand, but drew iI m back quickly with an exclamation o6 h pain. There, clinging to her hand r was a blind mole, its teeth nearlI E through one slender finger. In a sec ti ond it had relaxed its hold and wa W creeping round the floor. One big boy 0 with a ready boot would have crushed b the little creature, but Miss Hope laid i her handkerchief over it and lifted i back into the box. "We will use the mole for our les. son," she said. "Who can tell mi b here moles live, what color they are N 'ad all about them!" Although her face was pale and het finger swollen, she never asked a wori a ,bout how the mole came there. ) * There were good blackboards in the ij school room, and the wall had beei 14 gewly kalsomined, but the large apart ,ent looked bare and dismal. We had i always been accustomed to this, and were not a little surprised to find, on( 'o, orning, pretty pictures on the walls, i polished horns hung up by brightrib- . bons and filled with flowers, calendars, a thermometer, little oilcloth mats fox j1 the teacher's desk, and various othei 't improvements. The room looked very' $1 inviting and pleasant. l One day Barbara was even more way te ard than usual. She would not lea1n t her lessons at all. Miss Hope kepthei q after school. It was some minutes-be W ore she spoke a. rd to her. Then i he did something so naturally and B: kindly that the girl could not be of- , ended. She took her own brush ouf f the desk and said: "Barbara, do you know yot have ovely hair ? I'm going to arrange i/ for u.'husengaged she talked os he beautiful places and things she had seen, telling her stories and anecdotes, antil Barbara forgot her wrath and h Laughed outright. Then Miss HopeE put her arms around her. "Barbara, let's be friends. Don't rou want to be?" she asked. "I don't know. I've been so badE3 Ad-and-I put that mole on your "Andx you are not agy ?" "No, only anxious about you, dear."e nd then she talked to the repentant girl in a kind. earnest way she never orgot, and which made her Misr Eope's fast adherent. The young teacher knew quite wek how she was regarded in the district. Eer methods were so practical and new hat they caused comment, and sheh herself was so young and pretty and happy that the old fogies in the dis- g rict shook their heads and sighed.: te Lhey knew something dreadful woqld ~ appen in that school before the yeas was done. :Fancy a teacher standing ~ y and watching a boy climb the ~ tallest tree he could find, or turning a rope for a girl to jump I She had even been known to approve of foot races, and springs and wrestling matches! fo When the trustees, having been im- fr ortuned agi and again, consented o go with ar Swer to expostulate, she laughed and queried: "Why, gentlemen, have you fok A ;otten your own youth? You did al] hse things yourselves. It is a child's ature, and if my pupils want to b< strengthen their muscles in the old f' ay, I'm going to be on hand. if pos gible, to help in case of an emergency.. SC o haven't any idea how mueb stronga ty er some of them are growing. See how P4 rosy and erect they are." Down the road the scholars came, b'ty-two in number, with flags, ~roomstiers, mouth organs, tin basins, boxes, anything with which to make s toise. "Mercy on us!i Wh6t a din!i How ian you expeet those howling urchins ,ver- to become quiet, law-abiding sitizens or even verge on being good sien and women? If you have any ntrol whatever over them, Miss Rope, I beg you will bid them cease hieir noise !" "Peace Sawyer ! And you, Miss Lope, will you let us see what they il do next, please ?" "Certainly. It lacks half an hour , o school time, but this is one of our calisthenic drill days." th We had received several drill lessons, ho adso well did we acquit ourselves on in; h present occasion that after fifteen or or twenty minutes of gesture, singing m< td marching, M~.r. Spick exclaimed: tir "Why, it's a's good as a show ! I'm bo nre they obey even your uplifted mi hand, Miss Hope. I wondered what Pu made my boy and girl so strong lately, and I do believe there is such a thing a. larning how to teach even in them frrin parts. You can do as you a please, gentlemen," he continued an >plains again 'll. tell him to eoM id see for himself." We learned very fast that year, an ae could tell that, and so the trustees id parents decided to give us a pic ic as areward either for studying hard r for not having broken our heads, as me of the grumblers contended. or weeks we all looked forward to it. re were proud of our school and liked > compare it with others. One afternoon, about a reek before ie picnic, Robert Dawson and his ther were breaking a young horse. It ;opped directly in front of the school use. One of the boys whispered iat no animal Rob Dawson rode yuld pass Miss Hope till his maste3; ad looked at her, but the girls woulM ot listen to his joke. It was recess, ad we were all out upon the grounds. e had seen colts broken before and new enough to be quiet; but Mist [ope cried out: "Oh, what a beauty !" That was true, and the remarb leased the Dawsons, for they were( ry proud of their horses." "Yes," said Robert, "he is a beauty, ad quite gentle, too." "Then -why do you keep the rope or ;s neck and in its mouth?" "Because he is not quite broken yet ad if he gets frightened a few jerks a that soon quiets him. I'm going ) drive this team and take a load oi ie children to the picnic for you [ay I?" He looked at her entreatingly. [iss Hope blushed a little as she A wered: "Are you s-,. - it will be safe ?" "Why, yes. If you like I'll leav ie rope on, although it won't be neo wary by that time." "Oh, thank you! You are very ind." The last day of school-our pionk y-finally arrived. The whole dis ict-men, women and children ere going. We met at the school ouse. How happy we were as wf )de through the beautiful country! ven the voices of the grumblers ose who found fault with the teachei d predicted dire results from hei disthenic drills and "sich doin's," ecame attuned to nature and helpe/ mplete the harmony of the day. Oh, what a day that was in t -oods and on the water I But it ended a last. The children were to starl ome first, while the older ones, with iss Hope, remained to pack up thi ungs. How it was no one ever could qui* ll; it must have been the horns, I iink, but after the children were all i the wagon that colt, without thq ast warning, suddenly jerked itsell >ose from the man who was holding , and, dragging the rope, sprang way, and before any one could reach at a saving hand the horses were dash; tg down the mountain with th' -owded wagon. We sat still and dumb, with whit. ees, afraid to move or scream, al: iough some of the little ones hiti eir heads and cried. We were help-, es with fear. Barbara Hunter had iken the reins, but she dared not use iem, for at each pull the colt reared ad kicked. We knew nothing could Le us from being thrown into the ra. ne if the horses' speed was not slack4 ied before we rounded the sharp, nar >w curve. But who was that in the road at ast a dozen rods from the curve I [is Hope! Her dress was torn, and e sweet face and hands all scratched 2d bleeding. In a few moments she Id secured the dragging rope, which e had forgotten, and calling to Bar, ra to pull hard on the reins, the rses were brought to a stop just as obert Dawson, on horseback, dashed pon the scene. Miss Hope fainted dead away thea. obert caught her in his arms an4 hled her wildly by name ; but she was iconscious still when they took her >me. For days she lay tossing in the lirium of brain fever. She recov -ed at last, and soon after that we arned that we were to lose our acher ; for Robert Dawson never sted until she promised to be hiu We were all sorry to lose Miss Hope, it none more so than Mr. Sawyer. "I don't care whether she known w to teach in the old way or not,' said to one of the trustees; "but a r who could climb down the moun in hand over hand, on the wild grape nes, to save the lives of a lot of chil en, is fit to be trusted with those ~ildren anywhere. I'm afraid we all never see her like again." And we never have, in the school' om; but Mrs. Robert Dawson is a cial power in the district, and her rer pupils are her most devoted iends. -Waverly Magazine. CAR YOU O lI? Puzzle that Is Calculated to Bothew the Boys. The following ingenious puzzle will ther the boys and even "papa" wilT id some trouble in solving it. ake a block of wood about 6 inches uare and 1 inch thick and bore twen -five holes in it about % inch deep, as r dagram:' [ AN2 INGENIots PUZZL E. Lake twenty-four pegs and insert mn in the board, leaving the center le empty. Begin the game by jump ;-always in a straight line-one peg er another, into a vacant hole, re >ving the peg jumped over. So con ue until but one peg is left on the ard in the center hole. The holes y be numbered from 1 to 25 for the rpose of tracIng the moves. 'he less religion people have, the bet -satisfied they are with themselves; d the more they have, the better sat 4 CHOCOLATE FACTO1 WEAT COCOA IS AND HOW IT IS MADE. rhe Raw Product Comes From Ven ezuela and is of Many Different Kinds-Cocoa Butter. HE biggest chocolate factor, ' York. It uses 100,000 pounds of the beans in a year. They are not at all pretty to look at. From their appearance one would never sup pose that such delicious preparations could be made from them. Most ol them come from Venezuela. The con cern described ordinarily keeps in stock as many as fifteen different kinds of them. Varieties differ so much in quality that prices paid for them run all the way from fifteen cents to fevanty-five cents a pound raw. Fine chocolates are made from a mixture of 9he different sorts of beans in carefully adjusted portions, a few pounds of the best in each hundredweight contribut ,ng flavor. The broken chocolate kernels, duly mixed, are poured into a hopper on the seventh floor. They' fall through i metal tube all the way down to the first floor of the building. There they drop into a machine which grinds them between two great steel disks revolving horizontally in the fashion of a mill. From this mill they come out by a spout -Rot dry any longer, but in the form of a thick liquid. This is because the beans contain forty-fi re per cent. of oil. The cells holding the latter are broken by the grinding process, and the oil liquefies the pow .ered substance. The processes by which the beans are transformed into commercial choc >late are very interesting. To begin with, they are roasted. Then they are broken in a mill, coarsely. Next, they are sifted. The shells separated rom the kernels by sifting are sold for half a cent a pound to wholesale gro ers, who grind them up to adulterate pepper with. Incidentally to the samt rocess the vegetative germs of the eans are removed. It is desired to get rid of them because they are too ard to be utilized to advantage; but hey are purchased by manufacturers >f cheap candies for making a poor uality of chocolate. Each germ looks iomewhat like a little clove. All of this work is 'performed on the seventh fnooy s4 the factory. The chocolate beans are called "cocoa beans." The liquid stuff, some what thicker than molasses, is termed 'cocoa." It is transformed into the .hocolate of commerce simply by add ng sugar. It is commonly imagined -at cocoa is made from the shells of ,he beans, but such a notion is ab nurd. 'What cocoa is really will be >resently explained. The liquid stut s transferred to a circular receptacle n which huge rollers go round. Thez ugar is put in. The rollers mix thE ~ocoa liquid and the sugar thoroughly ogether. When this has been done he mixture is passed through other achines with rollers revolving against ,ch other. It goes through them gain and again, until it is sonfnely di ided that there is not the smallest mp in it. Now it is finished and has erely to be cooled in molds in the re ~rigerating room in order to be ready or sale. Commercial cocoa is exactly the ame thing as chocolate, without an3 ugar, and with two-thirds of the oil aken away. Hence, in a dry state, t has little more flavor than so much ust. By subjecting the liquid stuff to ~ressure the oil is squeezed out of it. )f the original forty-five per cent. of l thirty per cent. is extracted, leav ng only fifteen per cent. This oil is ~aught in tubs. It is clear and lim id-almost as transparent as water. ?oured into molds it hardens when old, and is thus turned out in th4 hape of great cakes of a yellowish hite color. These cakes are sold to pothecaries and other dealers. They re pure "cocoa butter." To a great xtent this :,oothing and deliciously ragrant substance has taken the place f the old fashioned cold cream. It is amirable for sun-burned noses and or chapped hands. In South America he natives have recognized its virtuer or many centuries. Cocoa butter, obtained from the ~hocolate factories. is sold by the ton rholesale. It is a useful and profit ible by product of this sort of mann acture. But how about the cocoa' t comes out from the precssing appa, 'atus in the form of dry cakes. These ire reduced to powder beneath rollers, ad the powder is then sifted through' ,loth to an impalpable dust. Now it s ready for market and is poured inte ,machine which fills cans with it auto 2atically. The cocoa butter is put te nother use. Some of it is added to e chocolate that is employed for ~oating creams and other candies, be auses it makes the flavor richer. The hocolate tablets for nickel-in-the-slot iachines are made in molds and set in he refrigerating room to harden. ome people make a sort of tea out ol ooa beans and recommend it highly. The factory described uses must of s chocolate in making candies and s greater part of that for coating eams and nuts. The way in which he creams are made is very od1 A allow tray of wood is filled with Inely sifted flour. Upon the smooth rface of this is -laid down a board, e under side of which is covered ith ezerescences in whatever shapes say be desired. The board being re oved perfect molds of the excres ences are left in the flour. A num ier of such trays of molds having been ~rovided, the workman goes along rith a cone of canvas filled with 'cream," which is simply sugar and 'ater boiled and flavored. At the oint of the cone is a small copper out, through which the operator uezes enough cream into each mold > fill the latter. Now it only remains r the stuff to harden, and the trays re dumped into a sifter, th'i'sseparat rig the molded cream drops from the our. The cream drops next pass into the ands of a young woman with deft ners, who drops them one after an ther into a copper pot filled with hot ocolate. As she fishes them out gain she places them in rows upon heets of waxed paper, which cover cangular pieces of tin. To each one e gives a final touch, as she sets it mates a sort of curiycue6fbho ooA= >n the top of it. To do this properly requires great dexterity, though one would imegine that the entire process was extremely simple and easy. It is just the same if peppermints are to be -hocolate-coated, or marshmillows or iuts. When finished in this manner the lollipops are placed, tin trays and &ll, upon shelves in a sort of cabinet )n rollers. Here each trayful is care lully inspected by the foreman, who nust see that every sugar plum ispere fect. -Washington Star. - The Spanish Bull. The bulls used for fighting purposes are a specially-selected, specially-cared* for class. They are all pedigreed. Audalusia is especially the district of the bull. Here, at the age of one year, the young bulls are separated from the heifers, branded with the owner's mark, and turned out loose on the plains to graze with others of their .wn age. When a year older, the young bulkl tro gathered together, in order that ;heir mettle and fighting qualities may 5e tested. One of them is separated :rom the herd, and chased by a man >n horseback, who, by the skillful use > a blunted lance, overthrows the scaping bull, whereupon another rider ,omes in front of the animal with a harper lance, to withstand the ex >ected attack. If the bull, on regain zng his feet, attacks the rider twice, it is passed as a fighting animal; but if ae turns tail and runs off, then it is ;et aside to be killed, or to be used in tgricultural work. And so with each nimal, until the whole herd of two. year-olds have been tested. Each bull that has stood the teik niccessfully is then entered in the herd book, with a description of its appear mce, and receives a name-such as Espartero, Hamenco, and the like. his process of careful selection goes )n from year to year until the bull is ive years old, when, should its mettle itill prove true, it is ready for the Lrena, and flaming posters appear on .he walls of Madrid or Seville an iouncing that Espartero (or whatever xis name is) will on such and such a .ate make its first and final appear. &nce. A good "warrantable" five-year-old ull for the fighting rings cost from 050 to $400. Depth of the Ocean. A dispatch from Victoria, British Jolumbia, says the United States iteamer Albatross reports having made leep-sea soundings off the coast of Llaska, reaching a depth of 4500 'thoms, which, it is added, is "the greatest depth ever reached." If by ,hat is meant the deepet soundings wver made in any ocean there must be L mistake in the figures reported or the :laim is not correct. The depth of 20,000 feet has been exceeded three aes. In what is called the "inter ational deep," near the island of St. homas, one of the West Indies, inde endent soundings were made by american and English officers and a epth of 27,366 feet established. In L874 the British ship Challenger found a depth of 27,450 feet near the La Irone Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and in the same year the United States ship Tuscarora, under command of Daptain George E. Belknap, sounded o the depth of 27,930 feet near the Kurile Islands in the North Pacific. his is the lowest point yet reached, being over five and one-fourth miles, r nearly equal to the height of the Himalayas. In the days before scien tific deep-sea soundings there were re ports of depths of 7000 to 8000 fath ams having been reached, but these are now conceded to have been apocryphal. The Tuscarora's record of 4561 fathoms stands without a riva' as yet. -Cleveland Plain Dealer. __ Deer Caught for the Catskill Park, ,Speaking of the results of hsis at tempts to capture deer for the Cats kill Park, Game Warden Fox said to 12 Albany (N. Y.) Argus reporter: "We employed a little different method from any of those hitherto known to get the deer. After they were driven in the lake a boat would put out, and, after firing two shots as a signal for help from the other forest ers, the men would row up and slip a sort of noose made by twisting to 'ether two Y-like branches at the end f a pole over the head of the swim. ming doe. In this way it could be held till help arrived. Then the men in the second boat turned it on its bak and tied all four feet together, Mited it out on a boat, and there it yas secure and unharmed. "I do not know just how many wil be sent dowmn altogether, but I think there will be a herd of at least sixty ve in the Catskill reserve, aside-from the three dozen or so now loose in the woods. This is the breeding season, and although it is not a fact, as many suppose, that does always bear twin fawn, though they generally do, I ex pect to find about ninety or a hundred deer in that park next spring. At this rate it will not be long before there will be plenty of deer in the Catskills Igain." Those twelve does were shippe4 through Albany via the National Ex prss, in crates, -and will be placed in the park at once. The Pastor-Miss Ethel, you should be engaged in some missionary work. Miss Ethel-Oh, I am, and have been for some time past! The Pastor-I'm so gratified to hear you say so! In what field are you engaged? Miss Ethel (proudly)-I'm teaching my nparrnt nnot to saro. ,brorsegs after thE xrIshock of Vound, make no sound. : A Tennessee horse thief was kille& by a pet bear whiehwas bained in thr Mtable. - .: --~ The cavalry was the isioeratiea )f the Greek service, . All the horse. men owned and provided foi their ow horses. The sun throws vertical 1ys on thA earth's surface only on an area equal to about thirty-five squae miles at any -ne time.. The rei of Brazil is an Imaginary eoin, no piece of that denomination being coined. Ten thousand reir aqual $5.45. In ten hours as many men fell at Waterloo as in three days at Gettys burg, the armies being practically of equal numbers. It is a fact of curious interest that iwenty-four of the 6100 2aurderers ar rested in the United States in 1890 vere blind men. Albert Bellows, a Brooklynclothing cutter, got his under jaw caught while yawning, and it t6ok a surgeon fifteen binutes to get it shut. There are people in the interior dim, tricts of Japan who have never tasted snimal food, and who look with hor' ior on the eating of such a diet. The Hebrew Talmud says that when Adam was created he was a giant, his head reaching into the heavens and hir )ountenance outshining the sun. A woman named Mary Smeaton, re iding in the suburbs of Cincinnati, although past the age of ninety-one, has within the last yea cut four new 'eeth. So few of the common people ot Russia are able to read that an village stores pictures of the articles for sale are hung on the walls in place of read log notices about them. The first notice of the use of coal ie )a the records of the Abbey of Peters borough, England, in the year 850 A. D., which mention an item of twelve ear loads of "fossil fuel. Human hair varies in thickness from the tw6 hundred and-iftieth to the six hundredth part of an inch. The coarsest fibre of wool is about one.Ave. hundredth part of an inch in diameter; the finest only the one thousandth five hundredth part. Uncle Ardle is an aged African who, antil the Charleston (S. C.) earth quake of 1886, lived in a cabin oa the banks of the Savannah-Biver. The earthquake scared him, and he built a sort of nest in a big oak tree, ihere he lived contentedly until the recent cyclone came along and 'blew him out. Joseph is now figuring on some othe cheme to defeat the elements. The Owner of the Indian's. Land. The lands of the Five Nations (in the Indian Territory) are ostensibly held in common, but as a matter of fact the disproportion in holdings is monopolistic to a remarkable degree. The real Indian derives little ben'fit from his patrimonial acres. The pale kinned Jacob has stolen Esan's birth right. There are farms, rich and highly cultivated, of from 5000 tos 25,000 acres in a body; pastures of\ long succulent grass whose .fences s horseman cannot encompass from sun to sun; mines opulent with their stores of coal; but they are controlled by professional red men, or the mixed breeds whose dominant blood is white, It is said that a score of Chiokasaw itizens, in whom combined there is - _ hardly enough aboriginal blood to make a full-blood Indian, control nearly ninety per cent. of the arable lands of that Nation. A Cherokee squaw man is said to hold more land than isheld by all the full-blooda in the tribe.. Under tribal law there is o limit to the extent. of a citizen's holding. He can control and enjoy the usufruct of as much land as he can fence without encroaching upon the improvements of a fellow-citizen. As a consequence the National domain has passed into the possession of the more intelligent and enterprising ele ments of the tribes, the inter-married citizens and mixed- breeds, who con stitute probably four-fifths of the the population. These landlords, many of whom operate on a scale colossal nough to make the estates of the land barons of the Old World 'seem mere truck patches in comparison, utilize white non-citizen labor in the cultivation and improvement of their vst farms. The Indian agricultural toiler is an anomaly, and colored labor isuncommon. As a rule, especially in the opening up of new farms, the tenant not only furnisha the labor, but the improvements also, nder an nual rental contract based on e Share of the crop.--Harper's Magazine An International Fat Xen's Dinner. fat man's dinner has just takenI place at Grenoble, in Dauphin., France, and the undertaking has been so successful as to warrant the resolu tion to make it a yearly institutiQon. All the fat men in the world were in vited to the entertainment on condi tion that they did not weigh less than 100 kilos, or about 220 pounds. Among the crowd who put in an appearance there were only two rascals. But that they had lead stowed away in their pockets and linings was soon discov ered and they were expelled.-Londor iving in Copenhagen, has just tune showman. He is enormously rich,bni his ecentricities had put him in dis grace with his family. He is travel. ing now with one colored man, two monkeys, three bears, one lion, four pigs, forty parrots, innumerable cockt and hens, and a brand new Hungariar -'rife of great beauty. ilaking Imitation Stones. Th mannfacture of imitation stone. of various kinds is a rapidly growing ouraged by the demand for a great variety of rock materials in the build ing of modern cities. Architects are always looking for new substances to reate variety and le3nd ornamentation in construction. The production of artificial stones is one of the most im portant of the indirect results of the development of geological soienca,-. Washinton Star.