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T'I1. loi 'EWS AND IIERALD. i II 1 ?"VISI&U T9I- WE rLY * th M V'iX)JgLD G)UM.0T. st of res a IA A1,VANCE: A Year, . - - - as.ee a' c 4eathe. - - - . 1.50 Sc 10 rffU17SIYU IUA TX. JAS&: s e~ ~ ~ ~~v -i ''i sN a . s[t iner- le i a i;r,--' *si r : *4 fl r i i t--ta lser wri. - to Regalar rates charged fei- ebitaa:les. Orders for Job Work solicited. rc This nrwspaper is uot responsible for E r .u*tons anld views erpwssed ,any where at The than in tbe editorial column. Il All articles for publication must be ac- t .:t:panivd by the true iane of the author d 'uI written in r-spectful language and 1 ritten on one side of the paper The true a-no required as an evidence of good faith ti All co:jmunicatsons-editorial, business r4 local--should be addressed to THE g .4 EWS AND HERALJ CO. 0 W. D. DOUGLASs, Editor. E JAS. Q. DAtis, Treasurer. W. J. ELLIorr, Business Uanager. W INNS BORO, S. C. C c Tuesilay. March 19. : q HISTORY BECIrATIONS. h e A Paper Read by W. R. Minter at the a, Teachets' Meetiag. p History is easily taught, therefore, 0 not necessarily but as a matter of fact, t poorly taught. To get the best re- g salts in teaching any branch there are : some essential conditions to be Illed. s A brief considera:ion of the main re sults for successfully teaching History a i4 the intended scope of this paper. 8 First of all, and without which the t highest success cannot be attained is this condition. A teacher should know b what he teaches. It at irst may seam e very useless to mention such an axi- t matic statement as the above, but < from some observation and my own e experience I know this most necessary condition to be not infrequently ig nored to some extent by teachers. I say we must know what we teach. a What is'it to know a lesson? You e may be able to answer any question b put to you from your text book, and a yet not know the lesson; you may P have it perfectly memorized and yet q not know it. It is one thing to be a able to recite a lesson and quite a another to be able to teach it. In the first case to have memorized the lesson ~ is suafcient; in the latter, something d additional is needed. That something ~ is the separating, grouping and ar ranging into a connected series; in j other words the digesting the idea of s the lesson. To know a lesson then, 1 a we must carefully read it, and corn pare and classify the ideas in it, and assimulate the knowledge by viewing i it in comparison with our present knowledge and placing it in its proper group or series. In other words a fi practical knowledge. d Second, In - teaching History we shall not be confined in our knowledg'e ~ to what one text book tells. In that a case the bright boy knows as much as we do. A teacher should know more t than he tries to teach, for in no recita- J tion can he teach as much as he knows, ~ however sinall that may be. If he b know. only what one History tells q then he cannot possibly teach that u much. The teacher must go before, a his pupil, and not beside or behind. k Every one should have at least two ~ differentHistories of the United States; a should keep one for parellel reading, r for greater detail and for illustration. IE And what interest and eagerness it a creates when we can continually add . t intoresting anecdotes, new stories and a, giv3 life-like pictures of what our r4 text-book scarcely alludes t->. If E teaching Barnes United States' his-k tory what rie stories we can find, in Montgomery's with which to illustrate 51 and expand the meagre stories in IS Barnes, or whzat a quantity of brand- SC new things we can get from one His- "I tory that add a 100 fold to the interest ol and zeal of the class. Third, We know the lesson. Now a how teach it? Before getting to the recitation proper, a few words about ~ History in general, for knowing His- h1 tory is a diferent thing from knowing (1 mathematics or grammar. What is te History? I say, a chain of erents. A i chain, then there is a connection run ning throughout. To show this con- i nection, sequence, cause and effect is d4 the prime object of the study of His- al tory. Let mte illustrate. To properly appreciate why France favored and T aided the United Celonies in 1776 we ( must go back to the bitter rivalry be- to tween France and England engendered C~ by the Friench and indian war, and ? further still to their old territory dis- i putes, even back to the History of France and England themselves, where. we find them extremely jealous of ' each other, each willing to do any thing to humiliate its rival. This 4t same rivalry explains why France sold 9. what is in'cluded in Louisiana pur chase to us at such a bargain, lest it should fall into the hands of England, fo her rival. ca Again Jackson's Bank Policy caused the great financial panic in Van flu ren's Administration. Without a brief wi Nistory of United States Bank, its no being chartered, the expiration of that ta charter and failure of Congress to re- ea new it, the cause of this crisis cannot tal intelligently be grasped. Then failure C'i to emphasize this connection and to re, trace it from its beginning is where fa< one great mistake in teaching History qr is made. e We are not teaching disconnected tr; isolated facts. How hard History ti would be if we were! As it is' some- kra times taught, it would be as well to pu have one lesson on the Mexican war, an the next on Grant's Administration, tbh and then one on Quevn Ann's War, en for this vital point of connection is tai entirely ignored. The error of the above method is ap parent, wher we regard History in a proper light, that is as a chain of : events andis indeed very like a chain a, of iron. It is composed of links, each by link is closely joined to another, and d u hOOn to the end of the chain, Hlow c dmifiut tn carry a chain if each link is es >se and out of connection; how easy all the links are securely fastened gether! Just so, how hard to carry istory when each link is loose and it of order, how easy if every lesson I nk is simply and securely tied to e one next to it! By keeping this thread of unity con intly in view, we increase the power the memory many fold, we arouse id stimulate to action the reasoning ower, two prime objects of teaching 1ything. Now for the recitation proper. Be re beginni. g the assigned lesson, let me member of the class briefly and >intedly summarize the yesterday's ssen; this is very necessary for it nounts to reciting the same lesson ice (in time fcr one) and it leads up where the today's lesson begins. ore than this, it is well frequently to view the chapters of the History or pochs. For instance, every child udying Barnes' History should be )le to rattle off the six Epochs of e United States History: 1st, Early 4covers and settlements. 2nd, De flopment of Colonies. 3rd, Revoln nary war, etc. But without that iviewing the average child will after uing through the book more than ace, after be unable to tell how many pochs in the Histo:y. I once had :casion to question a class that was early through an advanced Geogra by, and found that they did not now in what Hemisphere they lived! ouldn't mention the continents, and )uld not give a good definition of ipe or isthmus, and all because these estions were in first part of book. 'hey bad never been reviewed and ad forgotten. One of the best teach rs I was ever under, would call on )me one at least once a week to re eat in order the chapters of the book p to the present lesson. Next, the teacher should never tell ie class anything, it can tell him to et the best work out of a class, it ould do the reciting. But you may xy "Frequently the pupil cannot nswer even a part of my question." 'hen either draw him out by simple nd more direct questions or call on )me one to give him a start. Often mes that is all that needed. Another istake is made in asking questions idi-criminately. You can without eing partial, generally give the hard st questions to the bright pupils, and ie less difficutt ones to the duller oys. Thereby the bright boy is made c ) be en the alert, and the dull one is ncouraged. Next as to kind of qiesthions: There i great art in questions. Some ques- I ons can be answered by observing F is tone and form in which they are ked; such can do no good but rather acourage indolence. Others, litt!e etter, are those requiring a yes or no I nwer. Again a question should con in no information in it, that the upil can himself give. What about netion in back of historr? Shall we se them? I saw, decidedly, no ! They re very excel'cnt and from an expe inced educator; but to use any rinted set of questions, is to givet our class an impractical and depen- g ent knowledge of the lesson. The e oy thinks if he can answer all the r rinted questions he knows it; while E es fact is generally, if asked, a dif-t rently worded or more comprehen-, ve questiot, he is unable to answer I .By way of illustration: suppose boy is asked the question about Jno. e abot in Barnes' History, which are: What was the plan of Juo. Cabot? ihat discoveries, did he make? Did is discoveries antedate those of olumbus? Where and when is it robabe the American continent was rst diseovered? What discoveries 5 id Sebastian Cabot make? Did Eng-1 md improve them? Of what value a ~here they ?" and he may be able to nswer every one. Now ask him a, ider question as, give an account ofr te discoveries and explorations ofr ohn and Sebastian Cabot, and he b rould do well to get one-half of it. A -r ay has been slavishly following the i estions in the book would be una ble t >make a start, or at best to give o.nly .a very imperfect answer. Then what t nd of questions should we use? To d hich I answer, original ones clear a d direct. To answer such questions a quires a ready knowlede3 of the, sson and some individual thought i id quickness in wording those cughts; hence your answer is almostb ways in original language-which ti sult is greatly to be desired and ows an assimulated and practical. rowledge of the subject. Next we should get the opinions of e class on debatable subjects. Here the opportunity to impress the les m by a little debate or exchange o inen, and of equal importance to tain that mental training that should a part ot every recitation. To ask boy his opinlion, to) let him know lhe s5 a right to think for himself, and to rm an opinion of his own, provided gives his reasons for it, is a won riul stimulus to quicken interest and encourage personal andl inidepen~dent ought. For h:im t) know that he n even differ from his teacher is a erty which gives him ito end o ight, and just that much adds to hi ertness and attenti mi. Lt mec now briefiy' re-:apindlate: le pri ~ne obj.-et in teachig . II stor y side from developing the mind) or. get a connec'ed view of a series of e:s, which go to make up the like a country, to trace the causes lead g up to these events and the effects wing from the~n. Plan of recitatilon: 1st. Br ief re ew of last lesson. 2nd. General estions. 3rd. Particular que-stions. b. I!lustrationas from history of her nations, 5 h. Prnc-ical disens n anid application. To conscien'in-ly and inateligently llow suchi a plant itn teaching history nnt fsil :o brinag about; g>d re.,ni:s. Catarrh Cannot be Cured th LOCAL APPLIC iTIONS, Cs they Calne t reach t he seat of the disease. Cs, erb is a blood or constitutional dis se, and in order to cure it you must e internal rementdi.-s. itall's Catarrh ire is taken' internally, and acts di tly on the blia.> aund mnucou~s sur :el II,!i's Cnaa Cure is tnot ack medicin-. It wue precribetd b ' e of the be~r pehoic~ ans itn thi cotin-t for y ears, atnd is a reg ular prescrip ir,. It is composted~i or t he be-t toni. own, -omin~td wihm the benr bio--di rifiers, act inga dirctly on 16' mu otis races. The perf.-et cotmbitnatin of - two ingrediet<k i what prnmluc' s ch v--nder-l results itn .turing Ca r. Send for testimnonials, fr-. e F. J. Cut ri & Co., Tel-edo, 0. WSeld by D~ruggi-n, price 7> -. * oss of strength atnd flesh, wasting a-a from any can-e pr ne ptly arrested uing that gre ates? < f all fat pro-g cers, Johnson,'s Tauz les Compounmd 14 d Liver Oi!. Wit-n-boro Draw ,,.. * A. for Infants an T HIRTY years' observation of mlions of persons, permit us It is unquestionably the best s the world has ever known. It Is gives them health. It will save something which is absolutely a ceid's me &icin Castorla destroys Werms. Castoria allays Feverishnee Castoria prevents vomiting t Castoria ures Diarrheas and Castoria relieves Teething T Castoria cures Constipation 0 Gastoria neutralizes the effets of ca Castoria does not contain morphine, Castoria assimiates the food, reg giving heAthy and natural sleep. Castoria is put 3p in one-she bottle Don't allow any one to sell you any that it is "Just as good" and "wJ See that you get C-A-5-T-04 The se...nd. signature of Children Cry for PI FROM EAST WATEREE. Mr. Editor: The middle of March, rn planting time, and scarcely a arrow bas been run. The farmers are probably farther be Jd than they have betn any year ince the war-certainly much farther. ban any year in the last decade. I have been keeping a record of my rm work for the past six years, to hich a reference from year to year ives me a good deal of information, s s I can tell how well advanced my 1 >rk is each year compared with rmer ones. I find nine days' less 1 l>ughing done to date than aTy s earI ftbe past six, which means at least o weeks, for an average of four; L)s a week is as many as can be ounted on at this season. All theI ugh ploughing, which is usually done rly when the weather is cool, is vet bie done, and will have to be done in arm spring days, which will doubt-[ ss soon set in, and will be mucht rder on tstock. Many of our fitrm ;a will no donbt rash, improperly epare, and half plant, in order to get a full crop, which I thuinki.will be a or policy. It will be much better to eide et once and reduce the acreage feach crop that they had contem ted planting t wenty per cent, leav g Gut tbc poorer lands, which can be lasted in peas much later than any 2er crop. Twenty acres to the plow, oerly prepared and well Icultivated, 1i1 make more thant thirty scres oghly wo:ked. T'he fertilizer question has virtu 'iy en settled by the weather. The ads are in such a conditioni that it impossible for a team to pull more i a half lo-d. Farmers living ciese delivery points may drag a few tons( -ogh the mud, but those living at tu tance, where only one joad can be nde a day, will find that they cannot frd to haul it, and when the weather s good and the roads firm they will id that th~eir sieck~ will be worth re at the plow thain in the road aling guan o, even if it was given to m. . . I arch 18, 1895. In Poor Health means so much more than you imagine-serious and fatal diseases result from trifling ailments neglected. Don't play with Nature's greatest gift-health. and generally ex hausted, nervous, Bro~1~,have no appetite and can't work, ~begin at once tak ble strengthening medicine,which is Brown's Iron Bit Bit ties cure-beneit Ds S comes from the veryer 2rt os-i _...._ __pleasant to take. SIt Cures Dyspepsla, Kidney and Liver Neuralgia, Troubles, Coteti1'ation, Bad Blood Maladla, Nervous allments Women's complaints. Get only the genuine-it has crossed red lines on the wrapper. All others are sub r ill send set of To e tiful 2 . 'trps Fair views and book-free. BROWN CHEMiCAL. CO. BALTIoE D DR. E. C. JETER, Pi pician and Surgeon. )Tfrs tids m'i'fessienal services to the de Fairfield. 't aiier aiddres4 Jenkinsville, S. C. se Barnes' Ink i Children. .'astoria with the patronage of to speak of it without gueuing. emedy feor Infants and Chlren harmdes. harn lke it. It her ]ves. In it Mothers have. 1. and practicafly perfeet~a a Wina Conn. A Flatwlenoy. Fbonio acid gas ow poisonous air. pium,o eother narooi pr'opty. lates the stomach and bow Ionly. Itis not sad in buL ang else on the plea or promise I answer every PUrpose. tcher s Castoria. For Over Fifty Years' MEs. WINsLow's SooTamG SYUr hS een used for over fifty years by millior f mothers for their children while' teetl , with perfect success. It soothes tt ild, softens the gums, allays all pai ures wind colic, and is the best remed r Diarrhcea. It will relieve the poor 1i le sufferer immediately. Sold by Drul sts in every part of the world. Twent ve cents a bottle. Be sure and ask fi Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup," an ke no other kind. 5-20t11y Don't be talked into having an opei tion performed or injections of cai olic acidiused as it m.y cost you yoE fe. Tri Japanese Pile Care. Winni oro Drus Store. * hildren Cry for Pitcher's Castoria ~Thnsaslsck, we gayv her CAairta. When sh s a Child, she cried for Castoria. Then she em Miss, she clun: to Castoria. They sh AdChfldrea,sbe gave them Castoria, bildren Cry for Pitcher's Castoris Frpsh Goode hoice Eating. Apples. Choice Messina Lemons ne Bananas. Red and Yellow Onions n'ie Eating Irish Potatoes. Fresh Cabbage ine Assortment Mackerel. Breakfast Strips and Hams ~resh Fish and Oyste rs. ce lot i.arly Rose Seed Potatoes. -FOB THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS B Dotail6BIo00 BalM THlE GREAT SOUTHERN REINDY FOR fill Skin and Blood Diseases .lt purities, builds up and enriches the blood, and never fails (Jto cure the most inveterate BLOD AND SKIN DIS EAEif directions are fol 5 low ed. Thousands of grate ful people sound its praises and attest its virtues. ETWRITE for Book of Won derful Cures, sent free on ap plication._____ If not kept by your local druggist, send $I.oo for large bottle, or $5.oo For six bottles, and medicine will be sent, freig-ht paid, by SHUT YOUR EYES And choose at random. You can't go amiss amongst the immense line of Snits that we've tho own en the special tables to be sacrificed this week. Any one you put your hands en is worth more than we'll charge you for it, and never before has such an opportunity been presented for obtaining a fine Suit of O'thes for a small amount of money. One lot of Suits and Overcoats that the marked $22.50, $18, 50, $15 and $12.50 your choice now for only $10 One lot of Suits that arc marked $12.50, $10-50 and $8-5o-your choice now for only $7.50 One lot of Prince Al bert Coats that are marked $22.50, $18. 50, $15.and $12.50 your choice now for only $10 One lot of Overcoats that are marked $8.50,$7.50 and $6-5o-your choice now for only $5 S This sale is for spot cash, and none 1- of these goods will be sent out on ap .e probation. Our line of Men's Furnishings is complete, and contains comfort and stylish appearance. If you do not reside in d Columbia, write for what you want. M. L. KINARD, I- THE PEOPLE'S CLOTHIER, 138 Maii Street, At Sign of the Golden Star, COLUMBIA, S. C. 10-9-6m HEADQUARTERS-FOR -As we wish to make room for Spring stock, we have marked our heavy Winter Goods, such as CL OTHING, WOOLEN PIECE GOODS, DRESS GOODS, AND HATS, way down out of sight. The winter is not yet gone and YOU WILL NEED WARM WEAR. We will beat "between season" prices to death. When tiines are hard and money scarce YOU W4NT YOUR DOLLAR TO GO A LONGI WAY8 We will give you more for ONE DOLLAR than any one else. TRY US We will treat you right and save you money. Checked Homespun, at 3c. per yd White Homespun at 3c. per yd Will beat the record on Flour Respectfully yours, A. MACDONAL & CO., Blackstock, S. C. 2-19 MAGNETIC NERViNE. lso aih weten t rain, causing Misery, Iniyn ath Lcorrhca and Female wekness. A month's tre pr 'ox,6 boess 15 ith eery 1s or r r e gve riten Curantee to cur r refund te ione. canive agona. WIN NSBORO DRlUG STOiJd. Wiunnsber.. S. 0. DR. DAVID AJXEN, DENSTAL .UJRGEON. omee : No, 9 Washuinuttn Street, 3 Doors We~st of 1'totoffi e. EWln Ridgeway S. C., every Wedne& day. NOTICED. Our Miss Lilla Ketchin is now in Baltimore buying our Spring Stock of Millinery. She has instructions to buy a FULL stock. Her experi ence and taste is a guarantee that the stock will be worth seeing. We want you to see it.. We will fix the prices to suit the times. We are now receiving -the first arrival of Spring Goods in all lines and ask an inspection from every one, We study to please both in quility and price. CALDWELL & RUFF. One Ton Cotton Seed Meal For 375 Lbs. Middling Cotton, Payable, in the Fall. This is the offer we are now maki. and e des're to call the attention of farmers to the cheapness ot Cottoni Sccd Mean -at present as compared with commercial fertilizers. Taking the Clemannu Colar-g valuation of ammionia at 13c.- and 15c. per lb., respectiv I. it. cotton seed meal and in m .A fertilizers, pbosphoric acid at 5c. an'd potash at bc.per lb., we. have tiz rol. lowing: CoUon Seed Xeal-Analysis, 8j per cent ammonia, 21 per cent phos. acid, 1U pet cent potash. Commercial value at Charlestoi with freight to Winnsboro ...... ......... :.. .$29.20 Commercial Fertilizers-Analysis, 3 per cent am moia,S per cent pho-. acid, Ij per cent potash. Value at Winnsboro.. . ........21.40 The above .shows a difference of $7.80 per ton In -favor of cotton seed meal over high grade fertilizers, and yet we are selling cotton seed mal for less than you can buy standard fertilizera. 3-7-1 m FAIRFIELD OIL & FER'ILIZER CO. NOTICE. All parties indebted to us must make arrange ment for immediate settlement. We must have the money, or paper satifactorily .secured. I-lavipg de cided t. go into a new business it is absolutely neces sary that our business here be closed-up at once. All parties owing us will be given a reasonable time to settle; afterthat all unpaid notes or accounts due us will be placed in suit. T. H. KETCHTN & CO. Headquarters frMHinery. TRIMMED AND.UNTRIMMED LADlES', MIME6' AND CHIILDREN'S Hats in all the latest shapes. A large stock of Ribbons, PFancy Feathers, Birds and Tips. Fancy Pins, Buckles, Velvets, Silks, Crepes an: 1 0her goods per taining to this department. As we hiave a large stock of these goods which must be sold in season, we have marked ot prices on them down.. Now is your time to come and buy at .J, 0. BOAG'S. >Staple Dry Goods.se Novelty ai~d Solid Color Dress Goods of various styles and material, wiulh Trimiigs for same. 1 Fancy Goods and Notions as low a. tie lowest. Q Come and see for bargain. at O--J. 0. BOAG'S. CROCKERY, GL ASS WA RE, Shoes, Hats and other goods usually found in: a general merchandise 'tore to be found at - J. O.BOAG'S. Furniture, Sewing Machines, Cooking Stoves, Organs, Baggies, Surreys, Road Carts, and One and Two-hnrse Wagons. J. C. Boag, The Thoroughbred Stallion, "ENDURER," wilt maike dhe s'ea-tiu 4.. 189,5ar w~iis-. CYA81AEM boro and at myi larms for $A for coUS mns marse-i an $25 for tho~rontghbtred . COPYRGHTS. mares. ('olts insure.t ile is.: grand -CANt I OBTAIN APTENT '9 Fora ,ano ofC Lexington and a .on of the E~l d uhoaeaanit c klet ad Enqurer:. D aia A na 11e.4,'***tineni~nws.'d'adoker~ hv Jack Nim.~ne, he~ b' L-xingt-', .-utti to ow~gatts saahe o. .f Gloriana, by Aamer iesn Ecdipse. teraaceac or~i'N' Edurer's colt s are stylieb. gentle at.d Pa~tuake thsrouhMua & co. neso .p.y. p:a&s .g g sa t bor, t'som and b~wrough widl berorsteh "Eewtk ensti ution. Hle has been fitti-five ..ewe~eteatyts~tdh times a winner andI as manyi time a.(nt se ne -laced. The well known. sire , Blue i Eyes, Falset"w, DeW I 'woj and Fau~tus s a colors, or nh are by Enquirer, while Maumie Grey,.ees witfh, nr trei.h *t* his dauaghaer, prod~uceds pommIfZo an~d Xmfl'o..NEW YoRE. 361 au.D~ T. (Correcl ion. Corresponsdence' solicited. DENT] STrRY. JOHN G. MOBLEY. 1-24-6m Winnsbore, 8. C. NOTICE. B. J. QUATTL EBA Um, D D 8. ~URTETING DONE AND SOLICIT S edbyrpp, rita1y -?.i.,I e . j WSsef Ro..S. C.