TRI-WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSBORO. 8 C.. MARCH 27, 1883. ESTBLISHD8
..9 So1848A C 291 3
A close-Fisted ICconom1ist.
'rie farmer sat in his easy Oain
lietween tihe fire and tile lalnpIt ht's glare
ilis face was ruddy anti full an fair;
Iis three siplI boys in the climney nook
Conne1d the lines of a picture b6>k
ils wife, the pride of his holuo an heart,
laked te biscuit and tuade tie tarl,
Laid the table and drew tle tell,
Peflt,y, SWIAY, Silently;
r1red and wearv weak and faint,
kte bore her' trils without conplaint,
I:e Many another householdt saint
Con1tent all selfish bliss above
111 tie patient Ministry of love.
At last botWeen tile qlou(ii of Fint9ke
That wrea(hied his 1 is-the farmer spoke:
"There's taxes to raLe and int'rest to pav,
And if there Hootld one a rainy day
'Twouli be mighty landyi i'min bountd to say.
'' have something put'by., For folki mnat, die;
Al' there's funeral t Ils, and( grave-stones to buy
E-:nough to swanp a mnan, purty nigh;
i1-:skics, there's Edward ani' Dick an' Joe
To be p irov<lt for when we go
to, if Twer you, Plil tell you what 'd dil;
1'<i be savin' of wood as ever I couctI-'
Extra fires don't dio any gootd
I'I be savili' of soap, atil savin' of lie
And run up some candkes once in a wille,
I'dI rather be sparin' of coff.e.anti. ten,
Vor sugar la high,
An' all to buy,
A nti cider Is good enough drink for te:
I'l be kind o'eareful atiout nay clothes
Anti look out sharp how the money goes
(ewgaws Is useleys, nater knows,
Extra trimmni'
'8 tihe bane of women.
I'd sell the best. o my cheese an' honey,
An' eggs is as good, nigh 'bout as amey;
An' as in the carpet you wanted new
I gitess we can ntake the olti one du;
And as for the washer an' sewin nahine,
'ihemn imooth tonoued agents'ao pesky iean,
You'l better gil rid of 'en slic an' clean.
what do they know 'bout women's work?
Do they calkilate women was mate to sitrk?
l)ick and Edward ani ittle Joel
bat in the corner lit a row;
'ihey saw their p-itient mother go
On ceaseless errand j to and fro;
They saw that her form was bent and thin,
Her temnples gray, her checks sunk In;
They saw the quiver of lip and ltiun
And then, witu a wrath lie coula not smother,
Outapoke the youngest, frailest brother:
"You talR of savn' wood andti le
An' tea anid' sugar all the while,
Hilt you never talk of savmn' mother!''
Tihe Carthage of To-day.
No one would think of going to Tunis
witi,out visiting its ancient neighbor Car
thage-mighty Carlhage, once mistress of
the seas ; and rival of Rome im the domina.
tion of the world; now but a heap of
rtnns. It was a drive of a few hours over
at sparsely inLabited country, end we were
well satleed to qp.cept the proffered con
p-anionship of an elderly Vrench gentle
man and his daughter, who, like ourselves
were pilgrims and strangers. For the
gentleman was courteous- and agreeable
as most French gentlemen are-and well
informed, and the daughter was young
and pretty and vivacious. "Barety lies
in numbers," he had said, half apologetic
aly, after niking the proposition as we
ait at breakfast that morning; "and like
wine, in thie," and be drew cautiously
fron his pocket a slivermounted revolver,
aeconpanlyin1g the act witit sundry hints
and iods atid low-voiced a'1usions to the
mi4ecurily or the country, and the necessi
ty of being weil arnimed. Americus pr ,
duced its fellow, and America niade up
the coiplimenit wih tin old flintlock pistol
that we had picked up so1iewhere in Al
aeria for its antiquity and rare workinan
ship. To be sure, it wasn't loaded, ani
jimnably wouldn't have gone off if it had
been; hut that was all tile hotter for her,
Then we sallkd proudly off, confdent ot
being auble to vatiqiiah any trocp of marau
ding and murderous, Arabs that fortune
might send in our way. In parenthesis I
may add that our dou.' phty valor met with
no foenan worthy of its powder. The
roads were - ad, as one never inds in Alge.
ria, but they lay through a wonderoily
fertile coutary of olive orchards and lux
uriant fields of whenmt and barley and flax,
and were bordered with flowers of myriad
htues -the delicate, star-shaped .aphodel.
the crinson anendne, ground lilac ani
purple elover, and a thousand thers. The
iiogt -xeiting incident of the trip was the
stpigat a well-kept cafe where they
kept uenlume lemnonadeo; and the only
Arabs we eneountered were ithe small boys
that followed us pertinaciously atnong the
rumned temples of Carthage with old coins
anmd hits of porphtyry to sell. Mlr. F'isk,
tile U. S. Consul-General, (nay have not,
been so far wrong when he had sid the
(lay before : "Why, I woul far rather
trust myself in the city' or preclnets of
Tlunis alter nightfall than in sonie of the
disatricts of Detroit, I kigow of. Pagan anid
Chtristian, Roman, Vamnd', .3 BZantine,
Ar-ab and Tin-k have successively contri
buted to despoil .l.h a onace midghty city of
her proudi monttuments and( blot, out lier
anicieat glory from the memory of mhan.
History asstumes that Uarthage was set
tled b)y a band of PI.mniciana iavagalors
soe3.000 years ago, inore or less. .My
thology goes more int the detail of ro
mtance and tells how the beautiful princess
Dido. of Tyre, tied from the wrath of her
b)rothier Pygmah;on after he had slain her
hutsband, taking with her 80 devoted fol
lowers ; how the stopped at the island of
Uyprus a'id cairiedi off 80 maidens to fur..
nisht them with wives; how shte landed ou
the north coast of Afriea, ehtered hito a
treaty with te natives, and bought fronm
themi as mtuch land as could he inclosed
within a bull's hide1 ; andi how she then
cuit the hide into the thinnest of strips, and
so mcelosed a space of 22 stadia, on .which
she built her city anud called it Byrsa, or
Bull's Hide, which afterward became
(Iathage. A few vestiges remain of Qtueen
Didlo's Palace, which occupied -a lofty
eminence overlooking the sea, whence she
watched the (departure of .Maeas and his
Trojans as sho siabbed herself upon the
funeral pyre she had erected to the mem
ory of her husband. Thie site of thle state
ly palace is occupied now by a lhttle chapel
?rected b)y the Fr'ench to the memnoff of
(Louis iX., who died thereabouts when on
his last, crusading expedhithon against the
aracen. Theo enclosure in which the
bapel stands is encircled with walls int
bich have .been built numerous fragments
sculpture and Romain inscriptions found
the vielmity, and a munsoum im the same
closure contains a good mnany ancient
ics in the feorm of rings, necktlaces,
ages, coinsg andl the like. Just below
chapel .are a few stones which mark
site of the temple ot, . &culaplus,
ich was the scene in the third Punie
;of the heroic conduct of the .wife 01
drubal who, when her poitroon hus
ddeserted his post and surrendered to
Romians, set tire to the temple where
were besieged, andf with her children
its little band of defenders, perished
e flatnes. Where stooii the ainphl
rie, sained with the bloodlof Chtrisian
re-It was there that St. gerpetua
er companions were thrown to wild
s-therq 1s onic an ellpticl excava
anid no relies remain to tell that
Christianity, In northern Africa, and boast
4d.of the proudest names In the Christian
6hurch. In fact, the only remnant of past
ages that remains in any degree ef preser
vation are the immense vaulted Roman or
Ituuic cisterns. The beautiful pillars of
marble and porphyry, and the massive
stones of the forum and theatre, and the
temples of Apollo, Diana, Minerva and
other pagan deities have been carried ofl
to build Tunis and other cities, or to en.
rieh foreign museums; and nothing :ow
remaine of Carthage but excavations and
shapeless mased of masonry and heaps of
debris of broken bits of marble and pot.
teryi The Etropean nation that gets pos
session of the regency of Tunis will find a
riOh boon. The country is luxuriantly
fertile throughout, and those who have
traveled over it affirm that in the hands of
ah industrious and enterprising people it
wotild become one of the most beautiful
countries in the whole world, and of the
greatest agricultural richness. - It has a
sea coast of nearly 500 miles, with an
area of 70,000 square miles and a popula.
tion of 2,000.000. The country is nhab
ited for from 100 to 250 miles from the
sea, generally by a peaceable and indus.
trious people ; the interior is well watered,
and it ppssesses a good many large and
important towns.
The regency is an hereditary beylik and,
though nominally - under the suzerainty of
the Porte, is governed absolutely, by the
bey. It has no copstitution or legal code.
The Koran answers for both. In all im
portant matters justice is administered by
the bey in person. The business is con
ducted In the simplest iuanner. Com.
plamant and defendant present themselves,
each relates his caso, and the bey adjudi.
catps thereon. Sentence is immediate. In
the case of debt it is imprisonment; foi
criminal offenses the tastinado or the axe,
according to the degree of the crime. I
Is said that such implicit confidence iE
placed in the judgmeut and integrity of
the bey that it never enters into the head
of an Arai) that he has.been unjustly con
victcd. An example of the style of ad.
ministering justice may be furnished in a
recent 'ease. An Arab had assassinated
his father-in-law. The fact was well sus
tamed, and he did not himself deny it.
He was taken before the bey, who alone
has the right to pronounce sentence of
death. The facts were briefly stated.
The accused said not a word in defense or
extenuation of the deed. A simple gesture
of the hano by the bey, which signified
"Go," and the case was disposed or. The
instrument of punishment stood ready, aud
the condemned walked to the block and
the sentence was executed without a word
or motion of resistance. The hearing,
condemnation. and execution lasted just
twenty minuteb. Of coursethis summary
style of meting out Justice applies only to
the subjects of the boy. Foreigners are
judged by their cnnfuin rw nsatfledl?Magia.
trates, and the usual Eiropean formalties
of trial are maintatnpd. It may be a
question, however, whether the Arabic
method does not attain the ends of justice
q'iite as surely as the European.
Second Hand Furnituro.
The best furniture Is not by any
means always the dearest at the outset,
for purchasers must always pay the
iicreased price for the latest fashion
and for ornamentation as well as (some
times even more thain for real excellence
of workmanship, which is the only
expenditure that can be defended on
economical grounds. There is a striking
resemblance of the cost of following the
fashion in the prices given for old fur
niture. A few years ago, within the
memory of most of us, old oak chairs
and oheats could be picked up for the
worth of the wood they were made of.
At the time every one who bad money
to spend, spent it on gilt and ormulu
and gandy damask, and since the old
furniture is well made,it wvas very cheap.
But now a rage has risen for old oak.
Fancy prices are asked, and given for
tihings that twenty years ago went for
an old song, and only the wealthy can
now afford to sit on the chairs that our
grandImothers relegated to the back par
lor. Seond-hand furniture is of ten pre
ferable to new. The warps and started
joints are plainly visible if bad wood has
been some time in use; no more warp
ing will take place and the price, in
compauison with that of new, is often
much less than thie amount of wear and
tear would indicate.
There are circumstances that give to
old furniture a distinct excellence, quite
apart from the existonco of a fashion
of buying it. It was made by hand,
generally theo same man worked on each
piece throughout, acquiring a special
interest in every department and think
ing ino trouble too great to make it
more perfect. It was sold eftenest in
the immediate neighborhood, perhaps
to a friend of the maker, and we may
well believe .that in this ease special
pasins would be taken to produce the
best possible value for the money.
These old chests were bought as a mar
riage portion, filled with the clothes of
the bride, and they were handed down
from mother to daughter as good as
when they were new. We have changed
all ~that. Not only would daughters
scout the idea of beginning housekeep
ing with their mother's furniture, but
they expet to purchiase several new sete
of furniture during their own lives. We
do not even wish our furniture to last
too long. It has almost as little indi
viduality to the purchaser as the maker.
Much of our modern machinery, is cut
by machinery. One makes legs and a
se%iond backs, while a third glues them
toget her for a chair and passes it on to
a fourth, who stuffs the seat. Often It
pasees through eight or ten hands be
fore it is ready for sale. The result is
a good many chairs, all about equally
good, but none very good, It is scarce
possible to feel deep interest ini the
tenth part of a dozen chairs, except in
so far as they are a means of subsistence
antl yet this wholesale manufacture
lowers prices, so that manufacturers oi
a smaller scale are almost driven off o
the foeld.
I. Datbre. advances time opinion that
earthquakes have probaNly their maximum
rate of -decurrence at. the new and full
moon and their minimum at the the inlt0e
medhiate quarters of the lunation.
Tus number of farms in the United
States has increased fifty-cue per cent, In
the past ten year.
Preparing to Mash.
''here was to be a grand Ball, and a
gilt-edged barber parlor was crowded, and
the reporter was compelled to wait his
turn. As he perched himself in a conven
tent seat, one ot our Be6t Young Men had
just comfortably bestowed himself la one
of those luxurious racks on which the
skinning operation is conducted, and the
reporter naturally bent his lalchion glance
upon him. The inundation of soap and
the slow movement of the glancing blade
were both old songs to the man of news,
who was bearded like the pard, and the
tiny fountains of blood which appeared
6coasionally were equally old and familiar
sights. Then came a deluge of water and
a brisk friction with a towel, and the face
of the Best Young Man shone out shiny,
clear and red:
And now comes the oporation which
caused the regards of the reporter to be
fixed with fearful Intentness. The artist
produced a bottle containing a milky I
quid, and with his soft palm distributed
it smoothly over the shining face, giving
it a soft, pearly glow, whitening as the
liquid dried, This was rubbed in and
toned down by a gentle application
of a second fluid, the aromatic oder of
which proclaimed it bay rum. A soft
towel dried it off again and the barber,
seizing a box of prepared chalk, coated
the face until it wore the smooth white
ness of alaba-er and resembled a newly
kalsomined ceiling. The ghastly effect of
this was removed by a gentle rubbing with
the operator's soft hand. The result of
the treatment thus far left the face with
an enameled look, and the owner had, un
der the gaslight, a creamy complexion
Ruch as W heeling smoke never permits ;
and here the reporter expecteci the opera
tion to cease. But no; going to his dres
ser, the 'barber produced a comb and a
stick of pomade ; the [ormer was inserted
under the pale moustache and the latter
softly dabbed over it, giving to it a warm
color of deep brown. A little touch of
cologne diesipated the odor of the cosmetic
and more evenly distributed it over the
moustache. a soft brushing and a little
waxing completed the decoration of the
mouthpiece.
What next? Those pale eyebrows did
not correspond and must be made to do so.
A small tooth brush, dipped into brilliant
ine, darkened with blacK pomade, was
deftly passed over the brows, which were
then cologned and neatly orushed, giving
the owner a wonderfully jinproved look.
Then came the eye lashes. Very import
ant teatures are they and great care was
bestov.ed upon them. The pomade pencil
was again brought into reQuisition and a
hue delicate line was drawn on each lower
lid, jast away from the lash. Then the
lashes were touched up with the pencil
andjihe subjqt onened.&.pair of eyes that
seemed twice as large and (lark as before,
while the penciled brows ga've character as
well as beauty to his altured visage. Was
this all? Tihe barber opened another draw
er, took out a bottle and dampened his
n,ger with us contents. The finger was
then passed over his subject's lips and
presto! they lost their paleness and wore
a rich ruby redness that Hene might have
envied. The finger again sougt the
bottle and then caressed his cheek, and lol
on their pale ramparts health set her rosy
banner s.
"Yes, I'm very, very beaut,iful i" this
Grosvenor seemed to murmur to himself,
as he threw an approving glance into the
mirror and then vacated the chair.
"Do you go through that often " asked
the reporter, as lie took the emp!y chair.
"0, yes, sir," replied the tonsorial art
lst, "especially on party nights. Have it
lone, sir ?"
"How much ?" "Twenty-five cents."
"Gimme a ten cent shave."
Whant rheo Teloanopo D)Id for Astronomy.
The foundationa of physical astronomy
were laid in the invention of the telescope.
ECvery one has heard of the emotion which
filled Europe at the ar,nouncement of the
discovery of an instrument which had the
power of making distant objects appear as
if they were near. It was at that time
that Galileo, having only learned that,
such an i-nstrumnent existed, discovered its
arrangement, constructed one, turned it
toward the sky, and, with this aid, fertil
ized by his genius, naade a series of magis
terial discoveries. Tnese discoveries be
longed pie-eminent,ly to physical astrono
my, and from its first courses. It we ex
cept the sun and moon, which have a very
senible diameter, aind admiit of some 01)
servations without the aid of the telescope,
all the stars appear to the eye only as
brillhant points, andl admit of no studies
except of their motions. Therefore, an
ast,ronomy wiltout, the telescope wouild
nlever have pernitted us otherwise than
as a matter of probability to consider the
planets as like.the earth in form, constitui
tion and office. But when It was seen
that these brilliant and almost biasing
points were resolved under the telescope
into well-defined disks, showing indica
tions of continents, clouds and atmos
phieres; when satellhtes were perceived
around these globes playing the same part
to them as the mo.n plays to the earth
then probabilities gave place to a clear
certainty. 'Telescopes, then, are the in
struments by means of which the constitu
tIon of the solar system has been deiluitoly
unveIled, and the earth has been assigned
its part and its rank in the system 01 the
planets. Thme discovery of the spots on
the sun and of Its rotation completed the
conception of the solar system and pre
pared for the theory of Its formation.
[Here is marked a well-determined phase
in the history of human ideas respectin.g
the universe, and it is echaracterlzed by thai
great name of Galileo.
Was it possible at once to go boydnd
this?i W as it, possible to question the st ars
in their turn, and inquire If, like the suin,
they hnd a sensible disk, spots, a rotation,
and planets revolving around them; was
it possible, in abiort, to extend to the stel
lar universe thie notions we had already
acquIred concerning the solar system?i
The methods in use did not permit this.
Permanent lack, Ink.-V anadium
Ink is really the only permanent black ink
known. The basis of this wri ing fluid is
rare, and what little there Is in the stores
of supplies of chemical materials is very
costly. Hoirever, there has of late been a
quantity of it discowrsdim Ceylon, ahd it
is probable that It will be found worth
working for the money which it is certain
brIng, both here and abroad.
street car *iquette.
An old man, poorly dressed, entered a
horfe car and looked around him for a
seat. It was so hour when many persons
wore returDing from their work down
tbwn, and the car was olled with the usual
assortment ot passengers. None of them
seemed to see the old pnan, who appeared
to be feeble, greatly fatigued, and in fear
of being thrown down by the motion of
the car. Pretty soon a woman who had
been lookiag over a written paper, appar
ently a bill for goods bought, raised her
eyes and saw the ok( man. With hardly
a moment's hesitation she arose, touched
him on the arm, and iAd 'Take this
seat sir."
The old ran accepted the seat, thanked
her and seemed very krateful. No one In
the car appeared to notice the woman's
act. The men who had seats allowed her
to stand.
"Did you see that ?" we asked the con
ductor.
"The woman give the old man her seat?
That's common enough now--a good deal
mora'n it used to be. I guess the older a
people grows the more respect they have
for old age. I mean the older a country
is. China is the oldest of all ot 'em, they
say, and there's no place where old men
and women are treated so well as among
the Chinese. It's a part of their religion.
What you don't see very often," the con -
ductor went on, after stopping his car to
take up a fat women with a market bas
ket, "is one women give her seat to ano
ther woman. When that happens you
can put it in the papers. It ain't very
common to see a woman move closer to
another passenger in order to make room
for another woman to sit down, or to see
her take her child in her lap, or even take
a bundle from the seat at her side, till the
conductor comes along and asks her to do
so, and then she generally looks at him as
though she had been grossly insulted, and
at the other woman as though she had been
the willing cause of the insult. Until the
conductor stirs her up, she is to all ap
pearance unconscious that anybody is
staniing up, and she looks straight past
the standing wotnan, and seems to be tak
Ing a languid interest in the fronts of the
buildings she sees through the windows in
the other side of the car."
"Do women remember to thank men
oftener then they used to for seats given
to them?".
"I've been on thi& road a good many
years," the conductor replied somewhat
earnestly, "and I never saw muny women
take a seat from a man without expressing
their thanks in some way. A woman
don't get up ou the seat and have the car
stopped, and. call in the conductor- and
driver to hear her make a apeech of grati
tude to the noble being who has sacrificed
so much to er n.neer c .n . And sliq
don6 nctounoie him and tell hitu he has
done a big thing, and that if he ever hap
pens to be going past her residence lie
must come in and be introduced to her
husband and stay to dinner. But she
usually says, 'Thank you' she inclines her
head in acknowledgment of his politeness,
which is quite as much as he deserves.
'he men who are al ways saying that they
have spent the best part of their lives giv
lg seats to women in street cars, and
have never been thanked1,are the ones who
never see a woman standing until they are
within one block of the corner where
they're going to get out, and then they
yield up their seats with a great show o~f
gallantry. They wouldn't be satisfied if
every woman who took their seats after
they were through with them should for
ward.to their residences rolls of engrossed
and illuminated parchmcnts setting forth
their deep obligations."
Tiho Violia G,sa Rocket.
A traveling theater manager in a
email town out West was taking tickets
at the door, when a man appeared with
a violin ease in his hiandi, and said he
telonged to the orchestra. He was
passed in. Another chap a)pearedl with
a fiddle-box and went inito the house.
At brief intervals fiddler after fiddler
appeared and entered, The manager
became suspicious. Hie took a look in
side. There was not a soul in the or
chestra except an old pianist; but lie
saw the last fiddler passing a violin-case
out at a window, opening on as alley,
to some new candidate for admission.
As many of the bogus violiinists as could
be picked out were bounced. Another
Line-looking man approached, with a
richly-dressed woman, for whom he
bought a ticket. In abhout an half an
hour lie returned with three umbrellas
under his arm. "Is the show over?" he
inquired. "No." "How long?" "Two
hours." "Indeed! Well, I've come to
take my wife home You've no objec
tion to my stepping inside until the
performance concludes?" "You' can't
go in," said the manager. "Why not?
I'm waitimg for my, wife.', "Can't help
that. You must bya ticket." "It is
ontrageous that I canniot stana insidie
to wait for my wife." "You can't work
that umbrella racket with me." said
the manager. "You just wait till I
ever let my wife go to see your darned
old show again." With this erushinig
retort on lisa lips the man departed with
hisa umbrellas. The moon shone bright.
ly all the time.
The Habit of Fafnting.
-a
There is not so much fainting in
pubIliO as there was thirty'years ago.
Sound health, which necessarily se
cures thei firm nerves and muses, is
the surest preventive of faintness. An
exchange remarks that the majority of
vigorous men go through all kinds of
severe and painful experience without
fainting, while delicate men and women
swoon at trifles. American women,
who used to faint continually -- in
crowds at bad news, at scones of dis
tress--now faint comparatively seldom;
and the fact is ascribed to their re
linquishment for the most part, of the
habit of lacing, to their increased ex
ercise in the open air, and their bettor
physical conditions, Not one Ameri
can faints to-day, where, thirty years
ago, twenty-five women fainted and the
diminution of the disorder, always the
result of direct caiuses, is an unmis
takable evidence, which other things
corroborate, of the marked anieliora
tion of tne health of the highly organ
ized, extremely sensible, but flexible
and enduring women a on"r complex
raee,
A 100.000 Pioture.
A correspondent trom Itome says, as 1
entered the door I saw a crowd of people
'gathered around a railing on the opposite
side of the rooir., gazing silently and in
tently straight at tlhe wall before then.
Then 1 knew that the Madonna was there.
With a feeling of mysterious awe skin to
that which one feels when going to look
on the face of the dead, I approached and
looked on the great picture. It is painted
on a panel porfectly circular in form and
about the size of an ordmary barrel head,
and is set in a massive,elaborately wrought
gilt trame five or six inches wide.
. The Madonna is represented as standing
thouih only a half length is hown In the
picture. 1he wears a robe of grayish-blue
material gathered loosely across the bosom
and fa ling In ample folds over the left
shoulder. Her hair is combed smoothly
down over the-temples and back from the
face, and is mostly covered by a veil of a
green color, worked in silver threads, and
failing with the hair in graceful waves be
hind the shoulders.
As to the face, I almost hesitate to
speak of it; for no words can convdy any
adequate idea of its divine beauty. And
yet if I had never heard of it, I don't think
1 would have seen anything extrardinary
in it, because I would only have given it
a casual glance, and one marked peculi
arity of the picture is that you can't see it
at a glance. It does not at once rivet the
attention and impress you deeply as most
great masterpieces do. To appreciate it
at all at its true worth, it is absolutely
necessary to study it long and earnestly.
But after looking at it awhile its trans
cendent beauty began to dawn upon me,
and the longer I razed the more and more
beautiful it became, but gradually, very
gradually, like the slow coming of perfect
day from the first faint streaks of ight in
the east. lefore I left I was completely
under the influence of its magic power,
and I felt to my inmost soul that it was
the finest work of art that I had ever look
ed upon. I studied it for an hour or more
and while 1 was standing there a number
of persons, men and women, came up
quietly and looked at it, making various
comments with bated breath and then
passig on, most of them evidently dis
appointed, though only a few so in express
terms. I think none of them saw its full
beauty.
Tho bead is nobly shaped and gracefully i
poised and the brow is smooth and serene.
Tne face is oval in form, with delicate,
clear-cut features lit up- by a soft, radiant
light. The eyes are cast dowa and the
orhs are only partially visible from under
the drooping lids. The most expressive
single feature is perhaps the mouth, the
under lip of which is slightly drawn in
one side. The predominant qxpression of
the whole is that of deep, r_igurous, but
subdued and pensive joy, mingled with a
modest but inapproachable reserve that
gives to the face Its peculiar character of
noble digity. Still I don't thhik it is a
higbly idealized face. I think I have now
and then seen on the female countenance
in real life evanescent .expressions just as
lovely. I
Italian Murderers in Priso,.
A few weeks ago an Italian newspaper I
published an account of a visit paid by j
one of its correpponients to the convict
prison of Porto Ferralo, in the Island of
Eiba, where Passanante, who tried to
murder King Humbert in 1878, is conflned.
Passanante's life was spared but the exis
tence he leads is no better than living i
death. He is secured to the wall of an I
almost dark cell by a chain five feet in a
length which Is riveted to an iron ring
around his ankle, and which does not al
low him to take more than one step in I
any direction. During the first two years t
of his imprisonment the wret,ched man lay
all day upon his mattress since then lie
has been released once a day for half an
hour to walk about his cell, but he never
goes into the open air. fle is watchedt
night and (lay by three wardens, who sur
vey lis movements through a peop-hole
in the door, but who are forbidden to
speak to him or to answer his questions.
He has become imbecile. in contignous
cells are two other at,rocious muirderers
R'signol, a Frcnchman, who committed
fifteen murders at Turin, by waylaying
people at night, stabbing them, andt throw
lng them into the River Po, after rifling
their clothes, and Cipriani Ia Gala, lormn
erly the chief of a gan,r or brigands. ll>e
ignol, who is described as a colossais. was
first sentenced to death, but Victor Emnan
nel comnmutedl the sentence, and. the mur
derer showed his sense of this favor by
killing the two carabineers who were
conveying him to Porte Ferralo, after
which lie nearly made his escape. He has
been seven years in what is called stretta
custodUa ; but Cipriano hi Gals, his neigh.
bor, who Is dreaded by all In the prison,
from the Governor downward, as a most
dangerous scoundrel, who would stir upsa
revolt of all the convicts in the prison if he
were let out his cell, has been living since
1862 chained in a sort of stone box, where
there is net enough light to read by. All
those gloomy dietails, when they were
p)ublishedl, produced considerable excite
ment in Italy, and it was asked in many
quarters whether there had been any real
mercy In sparing the lives of Passanante,
Itossigt,ol and Cipriano la Gala. The se
verity with which these men are being
treated is excepti-mal; but that thereC
should be any neLd for such severity ap- t
pears to show that it would have been
kinder to the men to have p)ut them out of
their misery long ago.
French Wine.
The French vintage of 1882 was 70,. r
000,000 gallons less than that of 1881,
and 860,000,000 gallons less than the
average vintage of the lest ton years.
The Minister of Agriculture, however,
finds consolation in the fact that the t
districts invaded by the phylloxera show
a marked improvement, and that the a
decline is most conspieuous in those dis. I
trots which wore visited by heavy rains
at a critical period. At the same time<
there can be no doubt that the situation<
of the wine-growers in France is a sari-<
eus one; for, whereas, up to. the year<
1877 the Imports averaged only 13800,
000 gallons, while the exports averaged I
80,000,000 gallons; the Imports for the I
last few years have actually reached ani
average of 160,000,000 gallons, wale {
the exports have declined to,50,000,000 1
gallona.
A Bank of England Story.
The irst person I met on entering the
Bank of England was a venerable porter
in a quaint uniform, which dates back I
think a hundred years or more; it left a
green-and-buff impression on me, but I
3annot accurately describe its details.
rhe porter led me to a room where the
xecutive officer of the bank was to be
found. This officer, Mr. Gray, Is entitled
"Chief Accountant," and his position cor
responds very much to that of cashier of
yne of our banks. Mr. Gray, who sat at 4
is desk surrounded by a corps of busy
3erks, and who is a gentlcnan of the 4
most courteous and unassuming manners, 1
gave me a cordial welcome, and under his
guidance I visited every department of
The bank and had everything which 1 did J
iot understand explained to me. The
laphal of the bank is fourteen and one- 4
xalf millions sterling; its -irculation in the g
iands of the public about twenty-Livo mil
tons sterling; its deposits, on no portion r
>f which is interest paid, average in these 4
lays about thirty-two millions sterling.
Nith hs customers it has two kinds of
secount, deposit and discount. I was t
old that in order to get a discount at this
oank it was absolutely necessary to have
6 deposit account, but it can hardly be I
)ossiblo that a banking Institution with
uch an enormous working capital, amount
ug te nearly $290,000,000, is ever obliged j
o buy paper in the open market i order
o keep up loans. The baik discounts no
nll having over three months to run; the
mallest city bill which it disc%unts is one
inandred pounds; smaillest country bill,
wenty pounds. It circulates no smaller
'ote than five pounds, but this seems to
be the only limit to denominations; in a
rame in the buildin is a cancelled note
if the Bank of England for a million
Pounds sterling, and, if I remember
'ightly, the banker poet Rogers had hang
ug in his library a cancelled note of the
tame institution for .60,000. 1
I have heard that a note tor ?10,000 6
nce had a singular history. It was paid 8
ut to one of the directors of the bank
vho soon after lost it tinder such circum.
lances that lie was satisfied, and sue
ceded in satislying the bank, that it liad
alien Into the fireplace and been de- b
broyed. lie was given a new note, for
vHich he returned a proper receipt and e
;uarantee. Alany years after the original ti
iote was.presented for payment; the bank a
indeavored to disown it, but could not, b
or it was genuine and i the hands of an e
anocent person, and the bank had to pay
L. It was ascertained thatt, inatead of
)oang burned, it had been carried up the fi
,hinney by a draught, and had found a il
afe lodgment in some cranny in the flue.
lere it had remained until alterations in
he house uccussititted 0- removal of the
Ihimnucy; thon it was discovered by a i
vorknan, who regarded it as a legitimate
lud, and who presented it for payment. t
tight here I may as well relalo another c
Aory of the bank, of which there are
nany, both in print and as legends, but of ij
vhieh I will let theRe two servo an specl
niens. A sewer workman, while poking 'r
iroutid under ground, found that by rais
ne a llagstono he could penetrate into the
iullion room of thl bank. Amazed at
he discovery, lie pondered over it and
inally concluded that he would utilize it t
o his pecunlury benefit without bteaing.
ae therefore wrote to the directors asking
vbat reward lie would receive if lie should
neet them at any appointed hour of the
ilght in the bullion room and thus levcal a
o them a niode of ingress of which they t
vere entirely ignorant. Tney named a
um which would make him independent a
or life, and to their overwhelming sur
irise he kept his promise by popping up
brough the sewer, for which lie received
on thousand pounds or so. This is sup.
osed to have happened long ago.
Tur,,oman Horseaonsip.
A Turcoman dismouinted from hin horse, ,
white one. Animals of this kind are I
arely seen in the district, an evil repute r
.ttachmg to him. Thle hgreman wanited i
,(drink of water, and mneautiously lot go
he bridle. The steed forthwith etarted
w, ntienutly to gallop) across the plain,
k. runaway horse is a serious nuisance in
country like t.hus, and everyone feels i,
0 be0 lia duty to aid the master of the fu
:itive beast in recovering his property.
Lhex whole of us, 60 m number, strove to
lead off theo truant. F"or ai couple of miles
ve rode in a straight line, but the runaway
muentcumb)ered by weight, ani having a
~oed lead, gave us a long chase. I was
onlalletely tired of the matter ; andi be
ides knowing that we had a long journey
iefore us, I did unot care to blo0w inmy horce
uru.ner, so I drew up on a slightly rising
round, and watched t ho hunt. F'rom
vhiat I saw of the remaindier of it, I amn -of
pinion that Tfurcomen horsemen would
carcely doe well "acrous country," for ~
tough thcy will hang alongside their hxor, r
e, stand in one stirrup, and sling them
elves under the belly at full gallop, they
lo not cire for ieapjinig. I saw many a
>ne come to grief at the broad irrigatIon
renohes. The coun try as so flat that the
curase are nevem taught to jump.
A wVasianugton Letter.
An autograph letter of IWashiington,
wned by Mrs. Lucy Woods, of Stauin
on, Va., has .just been inado public. 4
:twa written to the citizons of Shop
Lerdstown, October, 12, 1790, ini re3
ponse to a formal address tendered by
hem to the first PLesident on his an
iouncement of lisa determination to
etire to private life, and runs in part I
a follows: -Thalt beneficent Providence
vhicho hitherto lha preserved us',i peacej
.nd mnerease3d our prosperity will not, I
rust, withdraw its protecting hand,
vnile we on our part ondeavor to merit
continuanee of its favors. E~qually
u,rsuaded am I that no inconvemniee
vill result from my retreat to the walks I
f private life. The good sense of my
ountrymen will always discern and
an never be at a loss to choose a fit
haracter to administer the executive
fovernment of these United States, I
t has been my good fortune through
he course of my civil and military
imploymento to have :met the approba.
.ion of my countrymen, my wishes will
>o consummated aida I shell have fondc
he nly reard T evar hast In view91'
VanderbI's Chriatmas Glft.
While Mr. Vanderbilt was passing
through the Park, in New York, a small
boy attempted to oross the road in front
Af the flying horses. The boy in his
ittempt to avoid the horses fell over in
Uhe road, but was not hurt, Mr. Van.
lerbilt was frightened. He felt so glad
vhen he saw the lad safe and sound
hat he who had just been preparing to
-ush on, in the hope that he had. not
>een recognized, pulled up anod beckon
id the boy to him:
"Here, Johnny," he said, here's a
lollar. Don't you try to cross the road
hat way."
"Why, sir, I was running for a doctor,
Father told me to hurry up, 'cause he
.ad to go out and mother's all alone-"
"Why does your father go out on
hristmas Day? To the rum-shop, I
up >ose?" said Mr. Vanderbllt frowning.
, ir. -eather works on the rail
ond, and if. he misses a day he gets
ocked."
"Even Christmas?"
"Yes sir, Mr. Vanderbilt don't let up
1o nobody 'cause its Christmas."
"ke works for Vanderbilt, does he?"
"That he does, and more's the bad
nck of it, as he says."
"Why?"
"Well, you see, mother's sick, and
Ather has been staying up nights with
or, and then he'd take a nap, and twice
.e got late to the switch and got flned a
uarter each time."
"How much does he get a day?"
"Ono dollar, sir.''
"Sevonty-flve cents a day? Oood
lod! and a sick wife at that," thought
Ir. Vanderbilt, and his heart misgave
in. Was this right, after all? "And
'hat sort of aiChritmas dinner will you
ave to-day?" he asked.
"We don't get none. Father ain't at
ome and mother'r sick. The money's
ot to go for to buy medicine, you see
ir.
This is hard and no mistake.
"Will you take me to your house?"
sked Mr. Vanderbilt.
"Yes sir; it's right here, air," said the
oy.
It was a picture of devolatibn, but
leanly; no carpet, but a good substan
at cottage, a small sprig of firo, a wom
11 sitting -n an easy chair, thin, pale
at cheerful. When Mr. Vanderbilt
Utered, the woman exclaimed:
"Why, your not the doctor, sir?"
"No, my good woman, but I came
,om him; he is very busy. Now, what
the matter with you?"
"Weakness, sir."
"What from"
"Well, sir, I hate to say, but I think
ta from want of food."
"I thought so," and Mr. Vanderbilt
arued around and put a $50 bill in an
nvelope an4 also his card,
"In half an hour open this and send
around to the store. You will flud a
rescription that ivill do you good.
'hore is also a card in here. Send your
oy to that address to-morrow, and I'll
ive him something, too. You shan't
Larve any more."
Before the sick woman could say any
king he was out and off. but as he rode
nck to' his palace his face looked the
icture of good pature. He smiled and
oghed to himself so that people turned
round and exclaimed: "What can be
bie matter with William H.?" When
nybody looked at him he did not pale,
Iud the rattle of his wheels ov.er the
ard road made rythmio music to the
>yous beating of his heart. It was the
1orriost Christmas day Mr. Vanderbilt
as spent this many a year.
Effeet or Mun,iin.
From an acorn weighing a few grains,
tree will grow for 100 years or more,
ot only throwing off many pounds of
iaves every year, but itself weaghing
any tons. If an orange twig is put
ii a large box of earth, and that earth
i weighed when the twig becomes a
roe, bearing luscious fruit, there will
ec nearly the same amount of earth.
rom careful experiments made my
afferent seier.tific men It is ascertained
hat a very large part of the growth of
tree is derived from the sun, from the
ur and from water, and a very little
rum the earth ; and notably all vego
atlion becomes sickly unless it is freely
iposed to sunshine. Wood and coal
re condensed sunshine, which contains
bree important elemants equally essen
ial to both vegetation and animal life
nagnesia, lime and iron. It is the iron
a the blood which gives one the dura
>iity necessary to bodily vigor, while
agnesia is-important to all of the tis
uos. Thus it is that the more persona
re out of doors, the more healthy and
igorous they are, and the longer they
vill live. Eivery human being ought
o have an hopr or two of it, and in the
arly forenoon in summer.
In Excenoont Kumor.
Early in the year 1835 an amusing col.
oquy took place in the senate between
lenry Clay and Jaimes iunchanan. The
atter, when a young man, belonged to the
ederal party. Hie was defending him.
elf against the charge of disloyalty during
he war of 1812. To prove his Ieoyalty,
10 stated that he entered a company or
rolunteers at the tIme the British attacked
3altimore, or at the time of the battle of
fIorth Point, ang marched to ilaltimore.
'True," he said, "lhe was not In any en
gagement, as the British had retreated be.
ore he bad got there. Mr. Clay-"You
narched to Baltimore, though?" Mr.
3uchanan-" Yes. ' Mr. Clay-'"Armed
und equippedi" Mr. Bluchanan-" s''
bir. iay-" Will i,he Senator from Penn
ylvania be good enough to inform us
vlether the British retreated In conse
inence of his valiantly marching to the
elief of lialtimore, or whether he marched
o the rehief of l)altimore ia consequence
if the B3ritish having already retreatet 1"
['as colloquy, with its unlooked for our
ling, was greatly enjoyed by the eate'
ad galleries, and put both in excellent
mumor.
BTxNH CEBM.,-One quart i#1R
ialf box of golatine, sugar to te Miix
well and pus on to boil, then add te
well-beaten yo$ks of three g and/
itir tuttil it hiel ens, When d10fia
vor to taste with tmnilla, and pu& t Into
noulds. '