Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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t ..~. Poopo Who Doctor Thiemaelven. "The extensive use of patent iodicini ano the enormous quantity of drugs so, *)fb ut prescriptions indicate how wid, i" id is the habit of self-doctoring,'' sa a Opular physician to our reporter. "1' those who know how carelesoly and igno antly these drugs are used, the thought 4 tie harm they do is absolutely appallinj There is no telling how long a prescriptic once given will be used, or with whi foolish risk it will be applied in a ca where it will not only not do good, but certain to work harm." "Which do you think do the most sell doctoring, women or men ?' "Women, decidedly, especially mothei and old women. The recklese temerity ( some women in this respect is wonderfu They rush in where angels fear to treat ilastily judging from a few symptoms ti a case resembles one which the family do( tor has treated, they will hunt up an o presciiption and administer the dose t some confiding husband or helpless chik I could tell you some aniusiing stories c the mistakes that are made in this way, v well as some instances where more seriot consequences resulted. Take for Illustra tion, a headache. It may come from dozen different causes-from hunger, froi indigestion, from over-exc'tement of t1 brain, from eating too much, from inhalin foul air. The remedy for headacho vari< with its caulsc. Yet you will find wome who have a universal panacca for heat ache, regardless of its cause. Beware such women." "With what medicines is the most bari done f'' "Opiates and aperients. The heedlea ness with whlch ujorphino in various forn is now adinsftered in famnilios is alarmin The doctor comes to attend a patient w is in Pain. Ile wrescribes morphia an directs its use, and thie Paticut is relieve( This is enough to start the average miatro on a course of full destruction with nm phla. The next patient may be of a dIll ferent temperament., or sox, or age, ri quiring either a duiTrent kind or quantil of the opiate, but the prescription will I used, or, worse than all, will be reviv( from memory. Some drug stores wat< carefully and reitse to dispense such druj without a prescription in each case, bi there are nany too eager to make mon< to cnre much whether the patient is bel treated by a doctor. The same is true 4 the use of broinde, of chloroform and ether. The bottle that is left partly fill( in a family after one patient has bet treated is pretty sure to be used for anoth without the doctor's knowledge. As f paregoric and laudainium, the amount stupefaction that is practiced upon chiir( by their use is so conunon, as almost cease to attract attention. Ierhaps the chi is naturally peevish, or Is cutting teeth, has sonie infantile ailhent,; out comes (I paregoric or soothing syrup bottle, and b fore long the small (lose ceases to hIa, effect. Then larger (loses are given, unt the unfortunato youngster's systein is s urateti with the drug and totally derangei 8ometines the lay and dishonest 1in1SI to relive herself from trouble, adniniste, the anodyje oin her own responsibility, an the hapless child shows a dullness an stupidity for which nobody can account. "I met a man once whorwas doctorin himself for dyspepsia and indigestioi lie told me he wondered why he had in cured hiinelf. lie was apparently ( muscular develolmient, and good consti tion, liut hie had1( somehow got the ideca Ii to his heart that he miust exercise vigorousi after everiy ineal ini order to promiotc d gestioni, Ile took long and rapid wvall * after is meals. Of course his indigesta got worse, iIe was appareiitly a fian ordinary intelligence, yet lie was wnorni of the simplest law of health. I told iii thant if a cow could talk she would tene him more sense than to take ainy vigorot exercise, either phiysicaul or mnentail, lim mediately alter a hearty mieal. Mo hmorses ar treated more intelligently thai this imian was treating hiiseif. "Wh'lat, pulzzles ime is the fiact that peCop1 arc not alfraidl to meCtddle with such a del eaite organismn as the human hotly. Fe\ persons who have watches wouhi attoi to repair them rf they shouhith get out ordler ; yet they tackle the delicate meel amiam of thir own) bodies with thme recel lessness of a blacksmi!htl attemlptinug to ai' just a chro'nometer. Th'le evil is witi spread, m nd reaches not only the causes have alluded to, butL maniy ohtiers mil: diflicult and danig.?rous than these. I ha, knowvn of women erperimncntmg withi drmug in caises where ma simple surgical operalk of a mninuite's duirationi was all that wi necessary. Thec evil is mnsidoun, anid or that it wouid 'e dillienilt to reach by legi lation. It is especially conunon amori those who have little learning which is very dangerous timung. It is a questia who mare most to be pitied, thiose wvh know niothilmi whatever of their ow bodies, or those who, hmavinmi the presumj lion to acet oin very shight and Iisignilleiei knolege,ar pl)i,tuly douing then selves with nostruiis, and, with a bl;s faith cqual to time most abhje'ct supe)rstitim, ptt ing <oibllenice in panaceas.'' M bi. Cmox, who residen nicar D)rapersvihl, Via., 1s the owneri of a do,g oh the~ point, species, which recently exhiited wondeo ful sagacity. A (iny or two after thme suo storm, whiile Mr. C. was sitthing with h1: family by the tire, lie remamrKe<d to his wil that, it wuse a si.lenmdid time for catchin hares, and said thait lie would like to hamv somie, but did not like to go out in thm snow for them. The dog, which was hy mng near the tire, got upl and went ou: Nothing wams thought of the matter unti shortly afterward it returnecd, bringing rabbit which it hadi caught, mand laid it, a his feet ; it then wenit oif again amt caugh another winch it, brought in, and comtri uled to go and return until four had bee taken. The next monmg Mr. Cox thougi hie would try the extieriment agrain, -so la ordered thme dog to go out and bring him rabbit. Trbo animal went off imulediatel and soon returned with the game, giviil it, to its master, aiut( then went of[ agal and again, each trip bringing in one, tint ihad11( captured and brought in three ral * bite. 31r. Cox tells tus this and votichi for the truth of it. hioW NLIW orienna uwas Cuapfured 'The late Adinhiat Bally, who was dint at the Astor IIouse after the capture Ncw Orleans, "'explned'' tnat battle follows: "Mir. Fiesidenit and gentlemnen hem, thank ye." And then, after am lo pause : "Well, I suppose you want hear about that New Orleans affair?" "Ye yeal'' ehoed through the hali. "Wel d'ye see ; this was the way of it,' l esulm< the orator, latching uip his trousers "W were lying down the river below thre forti and Farragut, ie-he signaled us to go - and take 'em. IJeing as we were almead hove short, it dlin't take much tune to gi - under way ; so that wasn't sa much of job as you seem to think ; antd then lih engineers they run the ships ; so all wv had to do was to blaze away when we gi hup to the forts, and take 'emn according orders. TIhat's just all there was abet it I" And the concise narrator, feelm that he had accomnplished everythmg de mzanded of him, sat down la the midst < thunders of applauso. UeOvices of Perjury., )a Of all cases tried in London in recent d years, the "cnspiraoy case" of last 3. week, otherwise the indictment of Ed 'O ward Lawrence Levy for subornation of r- peyijury, is, we think, the most depress If ing, That a qondam solicitor of indif I' ferent repute, long siuco-stiuok off the Srolls, should iva by "gotting l)" unreal 0 Oasos, educating witnesses, or improving s afilavits, is, no doubt, nothing now, Old habitueb of the courts toll stories of numbers of such men-a whole clas of ' them once hung about the old Palace ,f Court-and satirists like Dickens were noyer tired of holdind thieu up to putbleo contempt, or endeavoring, as he did in his portait of Jaggors, to account for j their impunity. Old lawyers are yory o slow to believe ii affidavits, and there once was, if there is not now, a regular trade in evidence of alibi. Nor was the S accused, Levy, exceptionally clever. - His agents had risen to the oncoption a of teaching witnesses from an imaginary a plan, so that they should not contradict 0 each. other as to 10oalities; but Hiidoo 1 lawyers have for ages adopted much n subtler devices than that. An inglish Judge in Bengal, who suspected fraud in a murder caso, once fanciea that he a had a chance of playing the part of Solo mon. Four oyo-witnesses wore examined I- apart, and one of thom swore to a deep 18 shadow thrown by a neighboring tree across the victim's face, so rondering recognition at a certain distanco (tiliculit. . The Judge, who was convinced tlat. tile n caso had been got up, thought le saw his way, an( asked each witness sepa rately the direction of the shadow and y the namo of the treo. They all, how ic ever, told him precisely the samo story, d with faint ditTerences, (111e to the posi h tions at which they had been standing, till he was hopelessly puzzled. That y they should all agree was natural, but g that they should all differ slightly, and f differ as they ought to have differed, d was, on the theory of fraud, inexplic n ablo, It turned out subsequently. in r time to save the life of the accused, that )r the proseculig attorny lad had the whole scene ted in the plcc selected, and the witnesses hiad nothing to do0 bUt I to keep their eyes opoen and desen be th1o )r pswudo-Iruth, and coiitradietton bucamo The Levy device was 1ro.ss coimipared with that, aid the horrible featuro (J the case does not, to our minds, lio thero, bit in the caso with which the eoispirators stiiboed witnesses. Ap parently LIevy's ageits picked up casual acquaintances, promised them n sover eign if the easo woro won aid ten shl g hugs if they lost, antd without the smallest irouble indeed them to swear that they hasd seeii at cart accident for which damages were claimed. They - themseIblves tall confessed the f' icts, and Y declared in so mau.y words thuit their evideneo wastu "a 1ack of lies," while one n~ of them, who i.a signed his "'proofs" i i but shrank from the witness box, atd t nitted by silence, when questionied by Mr. Justico Hlawkins, that his reluctance is aroso entirely from feari of an indictment for perjury. Another, who also) fatiled to t appear at the tiatl, stud in cross-examii n~ nation, in the colest way, '"li did not knuow at tho titme wh'at the men01 to whom .hhareferred were wanited for, butt if v lhe had kinown att the time thiat they 't were wantted to commnit peijtary lie sh iiouild hive done it. lHe did not, thIin k abot ha t e er wanited1 for, or wiwter hat heysaidwastrue or failse. If lie lud not) found out beOfore Ivery likely lie should hiave gone down to G'tuildford andu commiittett jI'jn1ry, ats Cthe others did." These laitter were, of course, )erjuriers only. inl intntion; but sthere were otherie who didl p.jure them e se!ves, andt but for acieedentatl circut stancees they mlight niever have been1 dIe teeted. ii>iamiontt, mi a%ries. ~ VTe soil (of the iamiond clilitry of t Africa whenvt brought to the summiit, is - carted away and strewni on the ground, ~Iwhere it is left for a fortnight or three 'weeks to, pl)lverizo in thte Bun. At the expiraition (If this timoe ganigs of Ktilirn, superOritenided biy ai whjite overseer, bretak the large, thy Itmps into piowder', .and this ini turin is carted awtiy to be Ilalced itn the washin-achuine. If, is .durinig t he process of lirst breaking 5that some1( oi the largest dlialinonds are 0discovered, atnd the overseer 1ha1 to keop a sJhlarp lookout oin thei workers ini con C sequlence. Ini spite of the terrible - penalty inceurredt by any one detected 'in the act of secreting a goodi find, I thefts are veiy rife, and( mnany ta dlit 111mon<1lfinds ita wvay inlto Ktillr poses t sion) in spite of the sharpest vigilance. -During the procoss (of walshing, the Sgravelly subhstance, which is full of e garnets as well as the diamonds, siinks a to the biottom of the machino, while y the earthlen substance disappears ini g aniother channe!. Whena it hias been n thorongbly washed through two er three .times, this gravel is collected anid ms strewn on tablesi, where searchers, wi th steel ins trumen ots somuewhiat re semibl ing very broad knives, catrefulliy turn it over in minute search. Then td is it that the pireciousa jewel is discov.. If cred ini all mannier of sizes and shapIeS, ts when it is placed ini a small tray, oni which aniother overseer keeps his watcoh hi eu ye. I was given several lit tle heaips ul of gravel to dlisstct, and( ini hatlf a niour 1, had( sulcceededl ini dliscvering 20 or 30 d diamonds of very faiir size, tand sonic sa perfectly simpeod thait they haud every n appearance oIf having just heft the cut y tor's handu, G (oauts, C e Ooats are saitd to be the best land t cleaners known., A herd of 0110 thou s and entirely cleared a pice of bru:- h Sland ini Minnesota, consisting oif five -hundred acres, in three years. So f complete was the work that not a ves tige of undergrowth was lkit, lilt G1astone'e Ltbrwy6 . f "WitLhn the house, In every rQonu you' scom to be surrounlded by books ; bobks, quantities of them, in the breakfast room; a qLud in the areat and n3ble library, the C lofty room surrounded with -bodk, - Hero A a noblo heirloom of the Vynu family, a portrait by Vandyke of Sir Ketelm Digby, hangs over t.he fireplace. Other Interest a Ing pictures light the. way, conspicuously a an engraving of billials's portrait 9f Mr.a Gladstone, which, however noble as i e Imitatloa of the style of Velaqiez, falls a to give any suggestion of the light and a play of life which glows and gleans from a ti(j face of the original In every moment . ot convtrsation. You step from the library into thj study -it is the auteroow of the library. At the door of the study Mr. Gladstone graciously received us, and I made us at home at once in this great I workshop of the mind-this scene ot so 0 many studies atd cares. Ilere, In order or disorder, were still books, and books, at. d books, papers, busts, portraits, and every variety of furniture of culture anl tapte. i We saw very fow indications of any care, tj for costly or elegant bindings. Clearly the a volumes wore there, not as the furniture of the house, but the furniture of the ' incessantly acquisitive mind. It is a ven. erable apartment. At different tables - y there are several in the room reserved r and set apart for various occupations -the visitor is Instantly impressed as by the memories of a variety of labor. Mr. Gladstone, 'it is a long time since 1 uat there 1' This is the political table; a here the Irish bills and the budgets were e shaped andi fashioned. And here is Mrs. Gladstone's table ; here she probably planned her erphanage, and the hospital she firet called into existence. This is the l room where the scholar and the statosman ii spends the chief port:on of his time; there t is the theological portion of the library an ample collection; separate compart ments receive the works of Homer, and 0 8hakespeare, and Dante; and the busts of r Sidney Ilerbert, and Mr. Gladstone's old I college friend, the duke of Newcastle, and r Canning, and Cobden. and 1l,mer bendti from the book-Pases, and Tennysoj looks out fron a large bronze medallion." A Paluting Iron hurfaues. c Of the varieties of lacquers and paints used it is needless to speak at length, as the all-important point is the octual state of tile iron surface when the first coa* is laid on. if that is not in proper condition, d no subs(q'icat r pplication, however good f< in itselt, has any chance of being perma- a nently preservative, and I think that that proper state is found when there has been formed upon the whole first or black oxtde, a which has been, while hot, thoroughly p perieated by and incorporated with a ti resinous or tarry covering. Once frmed, r everything goes well. Additional coats of paint may be applied from time to time a to renew the thickness of the original cov oring, but the iron underneath remains un- ' attacked. If, on the contrary; a film of C hydrate oxide (ordinary ru3t from expo- I( sure,) be once allowed to forn, the success ive coats of paints are thrown off sooner or later, and, in the weantime, the rest has spread under tle paint. A striking if mstance of this may be generally seen al after out-door riveted-work has been in place for some time. As a rule, all the riveting is (tone before the final painting is couilinenced, and each rivit head has in the ineantime been expo3ed to a damp atmos ft phmvee; the p)aint invariably commences t< to peel oflf t,he rivet-heads long~ before it Li kaves the adjacenit plates, and when this hass 0nce t aken place nothing but a thoroughc scraupinig off of the surface wvill give ihe h paint, ainy chance of adhering. So slight lt are the differences of manipulation which'p determine whether a given iice of wvork a shall or shall not rust away, that I tinkt they may alt be found in the different me- L thods of manufacture pursued now and hi formerly. Taking Ibc ease of a piece of f< ornmental Iron -work, which in so many a instancee hias conie dowii to us in unim paiired beant,y anti condlition, it would b,e 0 now p)rob)ably forged in (detail in one p)art of a factory, drilledi, tiled and fitteil ini another, and( wheni complotely finished be painted "in three coats of best oli paint,'' Formerly the smith who forged the work i, p)unche2d the necessary holes at the samue time, litted his various pieces together as lie went on, compicting each pliece as lie s proceedied, dloing all the work with his X\ hammner, and1(, to quote an o1ld book of dIL- f, rections to goedl smiths, "brushming his () work over with linseed oil and susSpena(ing it for somec timle over a strongly--smokinug a wood lire." Th'lis s ill give at once a sortl of' elastic enamel coat, p)erfectly adierdnt, Ii and calulilated to preserve the irol to the ih ut niost. i State Forst In Prussia there are about seven million (3 acres of State forest, a')out eleven niillion c acres of wvoodlanid owned by private per - sons, and aboiit two million acres mnaged by the local corp)oraitions. Very little of i this is plantedt with anythinig except pine, a flr or beech, andi aluost the whole extent d is cropped auccording to the strictest rules n with a view to profit. Th'le net return per b acie, taking the Slate forest and private, properties together, amoiinls to about nine. " ty cents, which is made up by deducting Li thme cost of culture, cutting and carrying b fromi t,he grcss return produced by the lt sales of timber. Lin Bavaria the State b foresta cover conlsideraibly mnore thani t wo million acres, andl the gross return is rather a' under' $23,000.00: marks, or almnost exsctly fi $2 50 per acre. 'rho expenses come to ii 15,000,000 marks. In France the forests form an important part of the public do main, yielding more thin two thiurds of the total revenue derived I rom It. The net annual profits may be set dlown at ani average of ,?1,500,000 aerhing ; but then t4 a large paurt of this sum, espacially since, the fall of St.e emupire, has been made by letting out the forests by a'iction for sport-. ing4 purposes. a 's eatmno Piilantea. W atering of the plants should not be too prefusec. I'lants of all khiiis reqir mtoisture, but it is not necessary to ature L them every time this is done, nor should r4 they be watered too often. Th'e beds 3 should race the south, in orddr to got the eo full benellt from the warm exposure, and to protect at the same time from col stormrs. The lheat in the beds may be ~ quickened by adding limo (flue and un- nE slackedl) to the manure when it Is put in oi ilem. Hlut this sometimes causes too miuchi heat. To lowt r the heat cold water Isseif. hcient, but, carc must be used not to lower it too much on cold days. In mild A weather tile sash should always ba raised pi a little for ventilation, and at night an 0ld si rug, piece of carpet or a few boards shiould beu p'laccd over the sash for retention of warmth. 'The young p)lanits imeed no ap. plications of lIquid imanure or solutions, as di the roots soon reach to the source of Iii nourishment buelow. Should they appear ~nm sickly a teatspoonful of ammionia to each.. qutart of water will assist in reviving them~ ouit sometimes the sickly appearance is a o sign that, m.oro ventilation is needed. To grow early plants under glass the operator must conclude, in the beginning, that they Is are to be well attendced to and carefully at wvatchied, for a sudden change in the hu weather--either of heat or cold-often Is dhamages them before the ijury can be eli noticd. tim nld ioldler tells an# $ntrestin oryn wtOh tl present E rorf 'ermany lays a 'rominenk part. "On Vgust 8, 1880-I had been in the rdes du Uorps for five mouths-we l rode to Krossen for the maneuvers, id wore informed, to our intense dis ppointmient, that we did not ride Woll ough to fake n iactivff: part in "the iam. bdttl an4 must, keep aside oqtiof I danger iria q"liet part of tho valley. N wore so out of sorts that we ceased dking Altogether, and had sat for some me in silonce when we saw un'forms L no* great. distance. I recognized rince Wilhelm, the conimandor of the aony's fore)s, with two ai.1s-do-camp, 'ho. was. paasing by our hid Ing. place at gallop. I conceivod an idoa and had o sooner whispered It to my comrades in we all mounted our horses and iddenly surroulided the Prine, sum toning him to give himself up as a risonor. 'le oried indignantly; "Don't ou know me, you fellows?" But I only ?plied that he was the Commanding lonoral of tho.enemy and my prisonerl knew that he was too much of U sol. ier to be offonded atour practical joke, ud so wo made bllh turn his horse and scorted %him to headquarters. My 1olonel was furious at first, but when e saw how good-hunoredly the Prince elped to'carry out, the joke be choa'. landed me to deliver the prisoner to lo highest commander, King .Vredo ick William IIf, who in his turn rdered hi.m up to the chief of his 3giment, Princess, afterward Queen, ,lizabeth. Tile Princess laughed out ght and cried: "What a shame to be ikon prisoner I" A few weeks later I as advanced to a sub-lieutonant for my Neeky behavior during the uianeuvret. Wisiak i i iy )rnr&ixvto. An action was brought against a ruggist to recover $10,000 damages ir causing the death of a pregnant ife and the child that was born. These aiths, it was alleged, wore caused by (ose of sulphato of zinc, a deadly ison, given by the druggist in mis kc for Epsom salts, A judgmont was covered for $10O0, and the defendant >pealed the ease-Walton vs. Booth the Supreme Court of Louisiana, hich aftrmed the ,iudgment. The hief Justice (Bermudez), in the opin n1, said: Though the death of the other and child resulted from ery.iipc s, and not from the poison, from tak g that the mother endured continued id great pain and sufforing, for which ic would have been entitled to recover. he defendant wias greatly negligent. ruggists in tie discharge of their mntions sh->uld be required not only be skillful but also exceedingly cau ous and prudent, u view of the terrific >nisequlence whichi may attenid, as they ave not infrequently in tile pasut, tho uist iniattentionm on their part. All ersons who , deal with deadly poisons ce held to a strict responsibility for ecir use, and a druggist is undoubtedly 31(1 to a special degree of responsibihty r the erroneous use of poisons corre ondin)g witih lis superior knowledge their dispenisation. !izard Finuhi Ini Wala. A German paper on~tains a formula >r a wash that can be applied to limo alls at d afterwards become waterproof > as to bear washing. Resenchmok, of [umnleh, mixes together the powder om three parta silicious rock (quartz), iree pirts broken marble and sand one, also two parts of burned porce 'in-clay, with tiwo parts freshly slacked mc, still warm. 'in this way a wash mnade which forms a silicaito if often etted, and becomes, after a timle, Imost like stone, The four constitu Lits mixed together give the ground alor to which any pigmenit that cain o nsed with limeo is added, It is ap-| lied quite thickly to the wall or other irface; lot dry one, day, and the next ny frequently cover with water; this uakes it water-proof. This wash can o cleansed with water without losing iy of ils colur; on theo coni,r'ry, each me it gets harder, so that it can even s bruised , while its porosity makes it ok soft. The wash oni kalsomjino can a uised for ordinary purposes as wvell fo.v thoe fii,est paiuting, A .dled esco surfauce can be prep)a' with it the (fry way." 9teel Pens~ lin (erma,,y. There is only one steel-pen mlanufac rp in Germany, that being in Berin. here are many firms wvho describe momselvcs ne' stool-pen makers, but they m not actually manufacture, simply itting pens made to order. TIhe oer an seem inclined to be jealous of the re-einmmdec Englandl has obtained in uis line of business, especially as their (quiremlen ts are continually increasing. ext to steel pens, gold pens haye >tainied rcomnsiderable importance as a erehantable commodity. This is owing their nors-!iability to rust, and as they ay be used for years. In consequence their softness and elasticity they do >t tire the hand as much as steel pens, he German markets are supplied from nierica, andI consequently the imported mns are veony dear, Tio a clever gold. lth 'all extensive -and profitable field einterprise is open mn Germany in thme oduction of these- instruments, Tile fioulty in 'the manufacture lies in lishimng tihe points with iridium,.which etal has proved itself beyond compa mcmn thme best for the purpose on account -its great hardness, Pr-o/eseor P. Jenkina remiarks tbat It genorally supposed that electricity will perse steam. but what has thus far pponed me that the work of the engines employed to produce electrIcity, while actricity affords usi the best moans yet scoverod for distributimg noo. AGUIO#LTUID, IT is time to Aegn piparations for the hot beds, for not only are thq frames and 1 ashes to ,e made re'ady .end put 19'place1 but -the manure should be caretully pre pared. The object of a hot bed is to pro. tect the seeds and plants from exposure from cold, and also -to rtain sufiletent heat 1 for their germination and, growth, - It hot beds could be. so urrauged as to pernit of the use of a regulator attachment, wh'ore by a uniform teml:erature might be miatn tained at the will of the gardener, the plan would save mucih valuable time and loss. The manure for'hot beds should be as fresh as possible, for it Is used for pur poses of heating more than for the n4tri tion afforded, and any previous fermenta tion or decomposition is the loss of heat that may be needed. It should also be free from coarse material, in order that the contents of the hot bed may be In as fne condition ae the objects demand, and it should be kept under cover and apart from that which is to be hauled to the fields until needed for use. After the frame is made and put In position place the manure in, preswing it down firmly un. til it is high enough to permit sufficient spqce between it and the sash for growth of the particular plant required. The up per part of the nianire-about two inches of it--should consist of well-rotted mater ial, thoroughly mixed into a fine condition, with twice its bulk ot dry earth. Then sprinkle half an inch of pure, dry, rich earth over this and sow the seed, covering lightly. If sweet potatoes aro plantea put a layer of one inch of saud between. the seed and the manure, filling the spaces and covering with an inch more of sand. The seed potatoes should be placed in the beds whole, and it is best that they should not touch each other. It reqnires careful attention on the part of the grower to get the plants in a proper condition for transplanting, for keeping up the heat to a proper temperature is not all. The plants should be watered sys. teiatically and also ventilated at certain tiues. If by the gradual exposure of the plants to the influences of the outer atmos phoro they can be made accustomed to a lower temperature they will- be hardier and better enabled to endure transplanting, if thfy grow up very thickly in the bed the surplus plants should be transplanted to another frame, and by takim- advantage of the warmer days during the cold season the plants can be so managed as to suffer but very little from change of location. BUrT 8MALL TitEs,.-The average Amer ican is in a great hurry to realize on his investments. If he orders a few seeds in January, he is anxious to have them sent immediately, and if lie forwards six cents for a copy of some paper which contains a story of which he has read or heard he does not forget to request the publisher to send it "by return mail." Patience, which takes the form of quiet waiting, is a virtue of which lie seems to be totally ignorant. He cannot wait the progress of events, but must constantly hurry and fret in order to make nature move a little fastei than her wonted pace. This tendency crops out very plainly when lie purchases trees. He finds them described in the catalogue as "econd class," "medium," firpt-class" and "ex tra." These diff.-rence in these classes is principally. if not wholly; in the size and 1 height of the trees. The larger the tree C the higher the p)rice; but 'lie farmecr "don't care anything about tlat.' le wvants good trees or none, and gives o'rder for those of extra size. and wich are four or five years old, in doing this he thinks lie is acting wisely, but th.e nurserymani ki:ows and the farmer will ilnd before k.ng that, with equa,l care, the stuall tree w .11 grow faster and (it a fruit tree) cob?ne into hearing condition soonecr than ie large one. In half a dozen years the tree that was small when planted will be larger and tin er than the other., The reason for this is obvious. The larger the tree thie- larger the roots which it has, and the larger the roots the less fibres there wiltlihe upon them, A tree that line plenty of fibrous roots wdll grow readily if preper care is used in transplanting; but no amiounit of skill can coax a tree to live andl flourish which is destitute of these lit,tle uibres. The roots of large trees are always more Or less mutilated in the process of taking ., while the small trees sustain little in jury from this source. Dealers in trece assert that experieniced men buy small thrifty trees, while those who are just starting are anxious for the largest, to be had. Those who are to set trees the com img season-will do well to learn from the experience of those who, at, considerable loss to themselves, have demnonstratedl thai small trees are the ones to buy. CoLONRL.F 1) . CURTIS writes that the White Belgian carrots yield twice as much as the Long Orang, and lie retgards themI as equally nuit itl( us. Tunis is (loubtfui,as in numerous experimienits imarger roots of: the seime v'aricIy contamn proportionately lean sugiir and( iuitrimient than small ones. Th'le Wite Ucelgman carirot is niot salable in the mariket, wile the Long. Orange willi nearly every year sell for mere than itsi feeding value, except to be0 used as anj appe)tizer. W hen carrots can be sold by the wagon load at 4.0 to 60 cents per bush el andi( retail at 80 cents per half bushel the price goes far beyon(t their feeding value At-these prices no crop ecan bc more p)rofltably grown near a good market. l'r is well knowd that roots absorb large quantities of water froim the soil, amnd that this absorbed water carries with It in solu, tion into the plant the various substances which it coilects and ditssokves from the soil, upon which the platnt feeds andh by which it grows, but it is niot so wvell known however, that, the roots of p)lants are pos. sessad of a sort of instinctive ability to so. Ihet from the soil such substances as are best adtaptedi for the nutriment of tihe, plant, ane that they have the power of re J aoting substances that they (10 not needi or whIch naght be lejurious, and that they are capable of imbibing certain substances which a:e used as solvents for the prepair stion of nutritive matter. THEg comiposition of cow's mi k is affo tedi by various ciiscumstances; uinder ex-I treme conitlions It may 'ontain from 10 to 16 per cent, of dry matter. Th'le milk is porr w hen the qutantity p)rodutcedt is large or the diet iiiulllclent, and richer when those conditions are reversed, A cow is ggnerally in full miik fronm the ae-. ondi to the seveiith w t ek al ter calvmng;atter ( this perio(l the milk gradually (lmninishes in quantity, but increases in richness. A I separation of creiam take's place in the uel. ' der; the milk first dirawni s poor in fat,the c richness imicreasing as milking piroceds,thie a last drawn milk containhL'g two or three I Limes as mnuch fat, as the first drawn. TChe j inilk of old cows is commionly poorer than a hat of .younig cows. Thi latest cheap and effectual cabbage a anti currant wormi killer is a pound of f momimon alum dIssolved ma three gallons t >f rain water. h ONE of the best methods of keeping a: manure Is to have It under a leaky roof, vhich keeps it moist, but prevents wash. ng anid drenchimg by rans.| We do not how.'allude to,,the stook rokiug Ananier or.tlAe.fgr d , ut to tIe "apparent cfngrau' ai ,r r' ncongrdity" of das - opfarly u osed to-belobar&oterlatio of the'Irish nind.' 1n 1802' there was - published, )y Itichard and .-MaXia EjdgeN pth, an 'Essay on Irish Bullsi" wIh was tandled by gydney Smith in the Edin ourgh Rview. The' object of this re narkable work was to prove that the >racto 'of "malking bulls" is n9opimove mputable tp the Irish than t9 any qVer. >eople ; and the manner in whioh the tuthors sot about it was to quote ex unples of bulls produced in other couni rice. A singulqr woy of reasoniogthe luestion I For, as the racy reviewpr re-. narks, "there are goitres out of the Valois, extortiondrs who do not worship goses, oatcakes south of the Tweed, md baln beyond the precincts of Gi end. If nothi ig can be, said to, exist re-cmiuently and ewphatically in our )ountry whidh exists at all in another, hon Frenchmen are not gay nor Span ards grave; or the gentlemen of the ailesian race rematrKau>lo for their dis utorested contempt of wealth in their 3onnubial relations." We have said ihat to accredit the Irish with this pe uliarly embarrasing talent Is the re mit of nothing more than popular sup ?Osition ; but it is, of course, probable hat there is some foundation for a sharacturiso 11al.ionallymaintained, how vr much it may be enlarged by fatuo. 5ydney Swith is the author of the above tefinition of a "bull," and he points mUt, with some show of roasopa, that j )ull is the very reverse of vit. For as ,vit diso3vers RIal IIltiOni that are not tpparent, the bull admits apparent re ation-s that are not real. The pleasure trising trom wit proceeds from our sur ?rise at suddenly discovuriug two things o be similar in which wo suspected no imilarity. The pleasure arising from t bull proceeds froni our discovering ;wo things to be dissimilar in which a :esemblance might have beonsuspected. Louis XIV, being extremely harassed .y the repeated solicitations of a vet 3ran oilicer for promotioi, said, one lay, loud enough to be heard by the ;ubject of his unintentional compliment --"That gentleman is the most trouble some officer I have in my servico." 'That is precisely the charge," said the retoran, "which your Majesty's enemies rig against me." An English gentle nan, says Mr. Edgeworth in a story Aited from Joe Miller, was writing a Iet or in a colee-house, and perceiving hat an Irishman, stationed behind him, vas taking that liberty which Parmenio ised with his friend Alexander, in itead of putting his seal upon the lips >f the curious impertinent, the English Kentleman thought proper to reprove ho Hibernian, if not with delicacy, at east with justice. He coneluded writ ng his letter with these words :- I vouk say more, but a blackguard Irish nan is reading ovel my shoulder every vord that I am writing." "You lie, you coundrel V" roared the self-convicted iulprit. Now, with some force of logi al acumen, Sydney Smith p,Ints out has the pleasure derived from the first >f these stories proceeds from tho dis movery of the relation that subsists be ween the object he had in view and the assent of the oflicer to an observation oe unfriendly to that end. In the first apid glance which the mind throws ipon his words, he appears, by his ac luiescence, to be pleading against him elf. There seems to be no re'.ation be ween what he says and what he wishoa o effect by speaking. In the second story the pleasure is brectly the reverse. The lie given was ipparently the readiest means of prev ng his innocence and really the most effectual way of establishing his guilt. L'horc seems for a moment to be a strong elation between the means and the ob ect ; while, in point of fact, no irrela ion can be so cornplete. What cornnec ion is there between pelting mon keys v'ith stones and go.thering cocoanmls rom lofty trees ? Apparently, none. B3ut monkeys sit upon lofty cocoa-nut rees, and monkeys are imitative anm nals. Where fore, if you shy up pob >s at the monkey, the observant men wy wili heave the cocoanuts at you. L'his scheme of gathering cocoauuts is as witty as the method of procuring ~ustralian p)arrots by slowecly walking ound and round the base of the trees ni which they are perched till they top le d(own with sheer gi(dmess in trying oe keep yon in their eye. Both these vrould be still more witty if they (lid iot also appear very useful ; for, as sydney Smith observes very truly, "the dea of utility is ever inimical to the den of wit. There appears, on the oentrary, to be some relation between ;he revenge of the J'ish Rebeis against banker, and the means which they ook to gratify it--by burning all the iotes of his bank wiuch they could lay ands on; whereas, of course, they ould hardly have rendered him a mere ignal service, In these cases of bulls, iractical and verbal, there is an aippar -cnt congruity and a real incongruity of dea. in these cases of wit thereisa ippatrent incongrity. and a real rian reln. WonderIfil Ige Caves. One of the greatest natural wonders >f Europe is the Hungarian ice cave. k.t the foot of the highest group of the 3arpatbian chain lies the Comitar of *omnar, a district of singular beauty mud variety, in which are mountains on vhose summit grows the Arctic 'lichen mnd the pine, while at their base tobac o, indian corn and melons flourish, It ai mi this coputry, within a few miles of ho town of D'abham-that the newly liscovered ice caverns are situated. The mxistenco of these extraordinary caves yas well known, but althougi situated at the low elevation of three thousand Lye hundred feet, where snow rests on y in winter, it was left to a youth amed 1tufiny to explore these secrt re casses of thu earth. Having provided imself with everything that could be miagined necessary for such an expedi ion, lie entered the chasm, and work ng his way over blocks of ice and a haoes of doebris, which in the course or ges had accumulated there, lhe b)ecame ost for a time in the darkness of a now rorld, With infinite difficulty lie reach d wvhat appearea to him a frosen lake, na returnedt to his point of departure. lis companions now joined him, and eonetrated still lurther ite these icy ohitudos. .Not alone do these caves ontain pillam and waterfalls oficc, uit three wallsarcstudded "with thotis'. uds of ice structures, hexangular in yrmn, from a half to one inch in diame 3r, which, clustered together, resem ledl anemones and pther flowvers, scia Ilating like diamonds in the linagnio. uim lhght." O or the other:, It , is. alwamys "put p or simL un" mIt th .--.oll AstrvIgIeal redh .ens for 1g80. In 1888 Mars will be the ruling- planet. %o influence of this heavenly body ubon the fraoible humor in man and ahimals is well known. Partioular care should be taken by persons of a natu rally impatient ditspsition to avoid out breaks of temper, especially during the Opppositions of Mars to the moon, which occur on or about January 22d, February 21st, March 22d, April 19th, May 17th, June .15th, July 14th, August 12t, September 10th, October 8th, Novem. ber 6th, and December 84 and 81st. At such times, also, bulls' should be restrained from running at large, and water should be fre1queutly thrown upon dogs to see if they manifest any symp. toms of hydrophobia. On New Year's day Mars is trine with Saturn and Uranus, these planets occupying re spectively the terrestrial signs of Capri. cornus, Taurus and Virgo. This is a peculiarly unfortunate aspect, and the events that accompany it will cast a gloom over the usual New Year felicota tions. The aspect will continue until Mars enters Aquarius on the 81st of January. All acts of even necessary violence 0iould b'e abstained from or deferred until this date. The corporal punishment of children even should -not be indulged ib. Better allow their misdeeds to accumulate and punish them in the aggregate after all danger has pas sed away.- Jupiter at this time is retrograding in Gemini, and can offer no alleviation to the evil aspect already mentioned. Jupiter is stationary on St. Valentine's Day, and engagements made then may be fatal. The conjune tion of Mars and Mercury, on St., Patrick's Day, indicates that large amounts of money will be collected for the liberation of Ireland. The first days of May will be lovely, with a little rain at night. Poetry of some merit may now be written, and a thorough revolution in dress and cookery expected. On the 9th. events fatal to domeBtic happiness will be extremely liable to occur. Startling developments in aris tocratic fauilies will now be made, No destructive frosts will happen in this month, and corn-planting will be early. From the 2d o June to the 13th of July a severe drouth will tt,ke place. On the 19th a Europcau sovereign will die. On the 26 an ocean steamship will take fire, with great 4estruction of life. The 4th of July will be again signalized this year by an event of great national importance. On the 7n, however, an instaLce of serious official misconduct will come to light. Much-needed rainy weather will begin on the Ith, and t. enceforth the summer will be intense ly hot. The aspect of the asteroid Mel pomene now indicates special disaster to members of college faculties, a rail road accident being the probable danger threatened. The 19th will be a day of peculiar horror. August will be fine till the 24th. Escaped lunatics should I be very careful of their behavior during the whole month. Fits and the falling sickness will be quite general after the 14th. On the 3d of October avoid trif ling, as it is one of the dangerous days. November fine and frosty. FIorlds MuudMe. Theli material and preparation of the Florida she-ll heap vessels difi'er from that of other mounds, as those along the coast region of that same State and others found throughout the United States; the clay elsewhere is mingled largely with brokew shells and sand, though at times vegetable fibre is pre sent, which produces a cellular and porons structure, which the original makers have in part overcome by the use of an outside film of slip clay, in ornamentation the specimens are mark edly inferior to those from other loculi ties, less elaborately adorned, and display only a rude and primitive con ception of artistie design. They indicate in this respect an earlier origin than the fictile wares from the coa3t mounds or those found in later burial places. Stone implements were found in incon- I siderable numbers though numerous enough to prove the acquaintance of the shell heap makers with flint chip ping, and though but seldom buried deep in the piles, were incontestably coe*val with their formation. They consist of rudely cut cells, stone chisels, knives or scrapers, arrow heads, chit.s and fragments, all clearly -the work of men's handls. Implements of bone were more frequent, but apparently limited to awls and piercers, an office for which bone, thon and since, seems very gener ally reserved. Implements of shells, as might- have been anticipated, were common, though very slightly, if it at all, varied in form, consisting of rec tangular bits, ground down to edges on one side, forming an delcient scraper, cleaner or bone wedge. Perforated shells, possibl.y used for ornament, are found near the upper surface of the mounds, and drinking cups made from the large univalyc, B3usycon perversa' are similarly found near the surface. TLhese last objects are recent, and may have been known to the Indians who succeeded, at a long remove, the abori ginal inhabitants. Pipes and medals are both absent. Human bones were found from top to bottom of these heapa -skulls, legs, arms and bodies--and while some were unbroken and entire,' the condition of others suggested the unwelcome thought of their having formed a part of a cannibal's repast, a conclusion which some recent examinai tions by Lieutenant Vogdes strengthen. He found large bones, whose marrow might justly form an attractive feature in an aboriginal dinner, opened length wise and bearig evidence of a designed cleavaige. Cannibalism was really so common. among our Indians at the arrival of the white raen that it wouldl scarcely seem surprising to find its antecedente:hidden in those early worka,