The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, February 15, 1883, Image 4
Mow nnaob MaUS are Mad..
"Base balls are like human beings
yon never know what's in them until
you out them open," "There? What do
you think of that? A great deal of hard
work is required in the manufacture of
- balls. For instance the ball is patented.
.n the centre there)s a round piece of
the best Pure gum.Then there is the best
stookmg yarn. This is stretched first
by machinery to its utmost tension.
Then it Is wound by hand so tight that,
as you see, it resembles one solid piece
of material. The winding is done by
single strands at a time. This makes
it more compact. A round of white yarn
is now put in, and the whole covered
with a Tubber elastic cement. When
this becomes hard it preserves the
spherical shape of the ball, and prevents
the inside from shifting when the ball
is struck. Well. with this cement cov
ering that is impossible. Then comes
more yarn and finally the cover. The
covering for all good balls is made of
horse-hide. Long experience Las shown
this to be the best. Cow or goat-skin
will become wrinkled and wear loose.
Why, there is so much change in the
making of base balls in the last ten
years as there is in the game itself. The
sewing on the cover is done by hand,
and the thread is catgut. No one makes
a ball complete. One person becomes
proficient in the first wiadiug,then some
one olso tekes it; another man will lit
the cover, but there are very few of the
workmen who become proficient in the
art of sewing the cover. A dozen men
in the courso of a day will turn out
about twenty-five dozen firstclass balls,
and as a rule they make good wages.
Sometimes unannfaqturers put carpet
list in the balls, but can be easily de
tected when the batting beings, becauso
the ball looses its shapo. Of course,
for the cheap ball, such as the boys be
gin with, not so much care is exorcised
in the manufacture. They are made
in cups, which revolve by fast moving
machmnery. The insides are made of
scraps of leathei and rubber, and then
carpet listing is wound around the ball.
It takes a man about ten minutes to
turn one out completo. The profes
sional ball weighs 5 to 5j ounces, and
is 9} inches in curcumnforenco. It is
calculated that about 5,000,000 base
balls are made each year, and these arc
not extravagant figures when it is con
sidered that upon every vacant lot in
the large citieq and upon every village
green in the country there are crowds
of men and boys playing away at the
ball whenever the weather permits,
And yet people sasy the national gane
is dyeing out.
Strainge Story About Santa Anna.
Judge Major, of Kentucky, reiates
the following story of santa Anna, the
Mexican Dictator: "Did you ever hoar,"
he said, "'that lhe was a Kentucian?" I
confessed that I never had. "Well that
is believed by many old poople about
hood. It is said that santa Anna, af
terward president of the Mexican repub
lie, was an illegitimate son of the Nat
Sanders, of this country. While a youth,
he woent to New Orlean~s on a flat-boat,
and was never taftecrward hearti from.
When captured at S.mn Jacinto, in 1836,
he was brought through this place on
his way to WVashington, and was recog
nized by the Banders, who recog
nized haim as their illegitimate and long
lost relative, lie did not deny it. He
spoke English liko a Kentuckian, and
with Kentucky accent. One of the Bau
dors had deLtermnined to kill him on ac
count of the death of a relative in the
massacre of the Alamo, but abandoned
his piurpose when lhe was convinced
that they were biood rekhttions. The
mother of Evan E. Se-ttle, of Owenton,
was a Sanders, and lie bears a marked
reisemblance to the pictures of Santa
Amna. Larkin E. Banders, rep~rosentai
tive from Carroll county to the present
general assembly, belongs to the fannly,
as also did the noted George Sanders,
who figured so prominently in polities
during the adiinistration of Pierce and
Buchanan."
'Ihreo lintired .ost. [Doge.
A fewv weeks ago, while X. Beoer
was at Junction, wich is on the NorthI
ern Pacific Road, about a mile and a
half west of the Big Hornm tunnel, a lot
of X, 'a people, the Crowv Indians, took
it into their heads that they would like
to have a railroad excursion to visit soe
of their relatives down near Mandan.
So X, and two or three other near friends
of the Crows went to work and by a
liberal use of the telegraph soon effected
arrangements for railroad transportation
of the Indians and two box cars were
put at their disposal.
Into these cars about thirty famlies
were crowded, and the excursion mnove'd
off. Each fannly had an averago of
ten dogs, and as no means were p~rovi
J ded for the transportation of the cani
nes those faithful servants of the Crow
( tribc(about 800 of them) were com
pelled to walk. They managed to keep
up with the procession until Big Blorni
tunnel was reached, and when the "IFire
Wagon" darted into the tunnel the cani
- nes struck over the hill with the pur
pose of heading the train off on the
othier sideO. When they reached the
opposite end of the tunnel, however,
the Indiaii excursion had already
passed and gone out of sighit like an
odoriferous dream. But the dlogs, siup
posing thc ir masters wore still in the
big hole, remained there for several
days, patiently peering into the tunnel
opening.
Jvory and celluloid hair-brushes.
Pooling the Sensles.
Immerse the foretinger of one band
in water at 104 degroes Fahrenheit, and
then plunge the whole of the other
hand Into the water with a temperature
of 102 degrees Fahrenheit. The latter,
although two degrees cooler, will be
judged to be the warmer of the two,
from which it, appears that the intensity
of tlfe sensation of temperature depends
not only upon the relative degree of
heat to which the parts are exposed,
but also upon the extent of surface over
which it is applied. From this cause a
bath which is not uncomfortably warm,
when a few fingers are dipped in it,
appears scalding hot when the whole
body is immersed. The souse of tem
perature is likewise, entirely at fault
when required to determine which is
the warmer of two substances, say a
piece of iron and a piece of wood, for if
they both have the same temperature,
the iron will feel the hotter of the two,
because of its being a so much better
conductor. A slight diflrence of tem
perature, however, between two sub
stances of like nature is oasi'y discerned,
and we may here describe a simple but
highly-entertaining trick which is found
ed on the fact..
The performer, having placed his
hat behind him, requests the people
present to place in it three or four pen
nies. He shakes it up behind him, and
then asks some person to take out a
penny and closely examine it. He
has then to pass it to the others for
examination, the last one pitching it
back into the flat again, The pennies
are then shaken up, and the poiformer
now, placing one hand behind him,
picks out the penny which has been
examined, although throughout the
whole operation lie has never seen it.
When the experiment has been done
some two or three times successfully,
all sorts of unlikely suggestions are
made as to the way in which the feat
has been performed, but very seldom
the right one, which was exceedingly
simple. The people, in handling the
penny which was selected from the
others, make it warm, It is, therefore,
easy to pick it out from the others when
it has been pitched into the hat again.
This sufficiuetly demonstrates the fact
that at ordinary temperatures the sense
of temperature as localized in the fin
gers is sufficiently sonsitive to descrimi
nate between soveral pieces of metal so
as to say which is the warmost.
But for the extremes of hot and cold,
touch is thoroughly dceivod, a piece of
frozen mercury giving a burning sensa,
tion liko a red-hot bar of metal. The
touch which attains to Buch perfection
in persons afibeted with blindness is
readily deceived. This is shown forci
bly by tho experiment of Aristotle.
Cross the indox and mddla fingers and
run them over a marble placett on the
on the table with the eyes shut. Under
such circumstances one has difliculty in
avoiding the belief that lie is deuliug
with two marbles imntead of one. The
ideat of roundnessj which has been ob
tained by a complex judgment, founded
on the coalosceneo of several sensations,
is here appealed to, but the usual con
ditions being reversed, we draw a wrong
conclusion. The sonse of taste may be
likeAiso coifiunded by altering the
conditions, under whidch the gustatory
operation is always carried on, Thus,
ii the nostrils bo held firmly, it is im
possible to dlistngtush between ap
plying an oalion or an apple to the
tongue.
A iFiood ina Europ.
The V.. coin ber floods in Gcrmnany and
Austria have been of far greater violence
and extent than meager cable dispatches
woukt mndicato. Vihe snow upon the
Alps began imelting last soon after
Chiristmnas, a heavy rain stormi set in,
and nlews came that the hlead walters of
the Main, the D)anubo, the Rlinjo, tile
11nn, the Vistula and Oder, the FIhib,
Thoiss and Weser were rising danger
ously. Sooni the land biordering upon
these rivers was under water for lmiles;
in ]3ohuemia and Upper anid Lower
Austria the torrent1.- devastated the
country; great ava laches blocked the
radlroads in Styria; and the Danube,
fed by its several tributaries, crashedc~
through the dikes and swep1t away the
bridges, inundatmlg hundreds of vii
lagos upon its banuks. 'The imlmensity
of the Danube flood canl easily be roed
izedt when it sa known that the river
rouse 500 contimotors above its normnai
level at Vienna. 668 at .l'esth and 678 at
Presburg. Near Liz and Pesth 75,
000 acres of cultivated land1( are still
undler water, and ini many plnces herds
of wild deer, roebuck aned smaller game
have been driven to the iowns lhke cat
tle beiore a prairie fire. In thle hino
pro)vinces of Germany the devastatiou
has been even more frightful. T1he
great plain betwveen WVormis andi~ Mann
leim is buried under 10 feet of water,
in thle Reid district near theo former
town 12 villages arc destroyed and
10,00 pevrzona destituito. Mainz is
threatened, tile railroads at Hleidelborg
are destroyed, and in many other places
the dams have been swept away andt tile
flls and villages laid waste. Cologne
and the adjacent region is suffering
fearfully, houses have fallen by the
score at Frieronheim and the people
everywhere aroc sutifering for food and
shlelter. How mianiy peursonis have been
killed is not yet known, but the number
is doubtless large.
The I'satow Sanm.
Of course, a pillow sham asarched so
stiff it will stand alone, is not a very
nice thing for a man to jam his head
against when he crawls into bed. But
there is no question but what a woman
can fInd a thousand and one reasons
why the pilJowv sham should be perpet
iuateid as a thing of beauty. Thle beau
tirul, clean, snowvy white pillow shams,
looming tip at the head of the bed, andt
standing alone, look very pretty, and
the lady of t he house is greatly pleaused
with them. Th'le men folks also th'd
them very handy to keep) the hair oil
off the pillows, so their wives will not
complain about their pillows being all
greased oyer with oil. Men can escape
all hard feelings liable to be ongeindered,
by neglecting to take off the shams
when retiring, and decking out the love
ly linen and fine lace, uised in manutact
uiring the shams, with choIce and frag
rant hair oil. And whein lie gets tiredl
of having his ears sawed off, by coming
in contact with tae stiff linen, and lis
check worn raw by te starch and lnce,
lie can gently slidoe the shams to taie
foot of the bed and jam his feet against
them to keep them from getting up in
the night and walking all ever him.
Even the most energetic pillow sham
will lose its energy and vital force afteri
being stamped and crumpled at the foot
of the bed uinder a man's feet. Th'le
pillow sham is not in any one's way, to
to any great extent; the men can got
along with them and the women can't
get along without them, so the pillow
sham w=i not be obliged to g.
DOMESTIC.
To WAsa FLANNEL DREssES -Boil a
quarter of a pound of yellow bar soap
An threee quarts of water, slioing the
soap into thin shavings, and letting It
boil until it is all dissolved. Take to
tub of lukewarm water, and add enough
of the hot soapsuds to make a good
lather. Dip the dress in and ru it
,well, but do not rub soap upon it, for
it will leave a white mark. Wring it
out with the bands, not with a wringer,
because it creases it badly. Wash in
another water with a little more soap
suds, if it is much soiled. Then wring
it again, and dip into lukewarm water
to rinse it, and make it very blue with
the indigo bag. Shake it outthorough
ly after wringing it, and dry in the
shade uutil (lamp enough to iron on the
wrong side. it must not be dried on
tirely before It is ironed, Colored wool
en or cottoi stockings can be washed
in the same way, and rinsed in strong
salt and water to keep the colors from
running, instead of blued water.
To RELIEVE BoLs.-Boils and whit
lows are relieved or dissipated in their
earlier stages by using the tincture of
camphor. Dip a finger in the camphor
and rub it over the boil; do this eight
or ten times and repeat every hour dur
ing daylight. For whitlow, dip the fin.
ger into the camphor and lot it remain
ten mrnutes; this often gives immediate
relief. Repeat every three hours dur
ing the day until cured, eating nothing,
meanwhile, but coarse bread and butter
and fruits. Prepare the camphor thus:
Put an ounce or more in a vial, till with
alcohol shake it well; some of the cam.
phor should always be seen at the bot
tom; this ensures a saturated tincture,
which is the strongest,
How TO PaEARE YzAgr.--Take three
good sized potatoes, pare them and
place then in cool water. Take a small
pinch of hops and one quart of boiling
water, and boil in a porcelain or enam
eled sauce pan and not in tin. Mix a
quarter of a cup of sugar with a quarter
of a cup of flour, and two tablespoons of
salt. into this mixture grate the pota
toes this keepis them from turning (lark,
and then pour on the boiling hop water
and stir steadily. If the potato does
not thicken like a thin paste, put it all
in a double boiler and cook a trifle till
it does thicken. Strain the whole, and
whei luke warm add one cup of old, yet
good, yeast. Let it rise until it is toamy
and bottle with care.
BAKED APPLE PUDDING.--Fivo moder
ate-sized apples, two tablespoonfuls of
finely chopped suet, three eggs, three
tablespoonfuls of flour, one pint of milk,
a little grated nutmeg. Mix the flour
to a smooth batter with the milk, add
the eggs, which should be well whisked,
and put the latter into a well-buttered
pie-dish. Wipe the apples, but do not
pare thern; cut them in halves and take
out the cores; lay them in the batter,
rind uppermost; shake the suot on the
top, over which also grate the little nut
meg; bake in a moderate oven for an
hour, and cover, when served, with sif
ted loaf sugar, This pudding is also
very good with apples pared, sliced, and
mixed with the batter.
NATIVE .JsaED-Two quarts of sifted
flour; mix one tablespoonful of sugar
andi one teaispooniful of salt,; put in onie
tablespoonful of beef drippings or lard;
mix one half of a cupful of home made
yeast with one pint of water; if comn
pressed yeast is used, dissolve a quarter
of a cake in half cup of water; mix with
the pint of water; stir wvater and~ voast
into the flour and when wecll mixed turn
on the bread board and kneadl iutiJ
smooth and fine grained; let rise in a
warm place until it is light and spongy;
cut it down with a knife and knead it
again. Form into loaves and bake in
rather a hot oven for forty or fifty min
utes.
is drops fried are nice for breakfast.
One cup of sour milk or buttermilk.
three tablespoonfuls of sugar; if butter
milk is not used, put oine tablespoonful
of molited butter in with the sour milk,
one well-beaten egg, one teaspoonful of
soda-inot a heaping spoonfui, either
and one of cinnamaton. Make a stiff bat
ter by the addition of rye flour. This
is to be propierly dropped by large
spoonfuls into boiling lard. .lf the spoon
is first dipped in the hot fat the batter
will no~t "sting" from the spoon, but
will drop all at once, and make the cakes
the wished-for shape. Tucy should be
served while warm.
A PlErY scent sachet is of satin,
eight inches square; the top is of white
satiin, with the initial of the owner work
ed in blue; the bottom is of blue satin,
on which a small bunch of daisies is em
broidered. There needs to be one thick
ness of cotton between the top and bot
tom, oii which the perfume powder is
seattered. The edge is trimmed with
lace two inches wide, very full at the
corners, and1 the lace has for a heading
blue satin ribbon phlted in shells.
POnT wiE jelly for the sick is made
by molting one ounce of gelatine in a
very little wvarm water; stir it when en
tirely dissolved in one pint of port wine,
adding two ounces of sugar, a lump of
gum arabic the size of a~ walnut. and a
little grated nutmeg, Mix these well,
then le t them boil for about ten minutes,
the strain in bowls or jelly tumblers,
andl when cold the jolly will be found
anid delicious.
CANNED pineapple can h)e greatly im
proved by cutting the sheces in small
pieces, adding eugar to it till it is as
sweet as preserves, and lotting It boil
until the pineapp~le is clear and almost!
transparent, It is much less awkward
to serve and to eat ii out in small pileces,
and ii prepared in the way recommn.
ded no one will suspect you of serving
any but pineapple of your own preserv
11ng.
AN excellent recipe for mnuflins is hero
giveii: Four quarts of sifted flour, one
(one teacupful of sugar, one teacupful of
butter, one cup of yeast, four eggs, a
little salt, and two quarts of sweet milk;
let this rise all night, after mixing thor
oughly. Of course the quantity here
mentioned can bo reduced, keeping the
same propoi tioins. Bake in mullin-riogs
in a quick oven,
A iTANDAOM14 ornament for the parlor
wall consists of a small cabinet in
carvedl wood, the doors of which open
downwardl and by means of movable
supports form a writing desh. Frequent
ly the panels1 are either painted or pie
ces of embroidery are mounted upon
them,
Soin of the most beautiful carving
by ladies is carrIed out in cedar wood.
They are specially adapted for glove
boxes and other smalhl articles.
TiABiLis of every shape are to be had
for decoration at home, and are covered
with jute lhush embroidered in raised
figures or simply finished off by a deep
fringe.
AGIOUILURBt
CAUTION TO 8BEP1nnb.-A hot iicom*
non errot into which many shepherds are
ed, is the effort to economize in the item
>f cured feed during the later fall season:
rho present unusuall favorable weather
,ffers a more than average temptation to
:onflne the flock to paitre graving, to the
exclusion of the grain allowance that under
less favorable conditions would be recog
Azed as indispensable. The fact that
Iheep will "get along" on grass, so long
as it is not covered with snow or all nutri.
ment frozen out of It, should not be mis.
taken as conclusive of the economy of re
stricting them to such diet. In those Jo.
calities where the rigors of winter compel
the owner to feed his flock through several
mouths, experience has taught the more
Dbservant that at no period ot the feeding
season does a liberal ration "count" for so
much as during the time when it laps over
the full pasturage of such seasons as the
present. 1ly such a policy immunity is
secured from inconveniences, and some.
times serious damage, that result by the
sudden change from pasture to barnyard
feeding, that is made necessary by the ad
vent of some unexpected storm. Few
perplexities overtake the shepherd more
annoying than the experiences with a ilock
suddenly driven from thb pasture, while
accustoned to food and habits of winter
life. The shyer members stand aloof,
while others gorge to their detriment, thus
adding the care for sick animals to a
round o labor already replete with annoy
ances. The shepherd first exposed tu
such an experience is to be commisora
ted. The one who is the second time e
victim, has learned too little from expert.
once to encourage a hope for success i11
any undertaking to which he may devott
himself.
How TO FBED COnNETALK.-The rear
iog and feeding of animals are receiving,
as they should, from farmers and herde.
men in all parts of the coutitry gy cater at
tention every year; and especially is th
true of dairymen, whose only hope of gai
rests in their obtaining paying yields fron
their cows. Cornstalks enter large'y intc
the fall iced of dairy cows, and how tc
feed them is the important question. Tne
common practice is to feed them in the
bundle, as but few farmers feel able or
willing to use a cutting machine. This
feeding in a bundle without any prepara
tion, I am fully satisfied, Is very waste.
tul, as not only are the buits let r, but fre
quently near the whole stalk.
I have learned from experience that a
little brine sprinkled upon stalks once eve
ry day before feeding is of material ad.
vantage in many respects. The weak
will cause the cows to consume nearly all,
even when fed whole, the flow of milk in
creases, the condition of the cows improve
and they show greater contentment. Es.
pecially is this lust remark trle on cold,
wiudy and rainy days. I find it mucb
better. as a general ule, when it can boe
done, to feed salt on food instead of feed
ing it alone. In no case should more than
one day be permitted to pass without brin.
ing the morning', feed. The brine should
not be strong, only enough to furaih suffi
cient salt to the cows. Of course the cowi
should have access to plenty of water; thii
brine food will cause them to drink more
and thus increase the flow of milk. Let
my brothers try this and they will hereaf ter
place a greater value on cornstaiks.
TuE horticultural edhitor of the Coutr
Genesltan says that it is welt known
that wuiing or girdling grapevines, whil(
it, Injures the vines, causes the grapes tC
grow larger,ripen sooner and become poor
er in quality. Siome experiments were
made at the Miassachuse is Agricultura
College in girdling surplus branches,which
were to be afterward cut away. A reyel.
ving knife ents rapidly a ring of the barn
a fourth of an Inch wide, just below the
bunch of fruit, about midsummer. This
treatment was performed on twelve rows
of grapes, The enlarged and early fruit
sold for $36 more than the same amount
of the comnmon or main crop, the labor be.
ong less than half this sum. No Injury
has been a'pparent to the vines so treated,
the girdled canes being cut away wh~en
(lone witti, If, however, many surplus
canes were girdled on a vine, an obvious
injuiry would doubtless be the result. There
would be no barm in trying the experi
ment on vines intended to he dug tip.
A .NEw METNOD FOR PaushEivimo OAm.
A. new method for preserving grain, re
cently discovered in France, it is claimed,
nas proven satisfactory. 'Theo cost of pro
seivation is less than storage in a granary,
and the wheat is sale iromi fermenmation,
inmects and ci yptogamic vegetation. Tihe
U. 8. Mi11ler in descuibing this method,
says that a sheet iron cistern, which occu
pies little space, and holes nearly 800
ousheis, and Is worked by an air pumip
wita a pressure guage to indicate the de
gree of vacuum, comprises the whole her
mietic preservation. One important effect
which t esulta from the numerous and con
tinuous expe! iments nmade is, according to
the journal in question, that the vacuum
not only kills the parasitIc inuteet and pre
vents vegetation, but dries the grain at the
same taine. After a detention of seven
months wheat and flour inclosed in the
:npparatus during the experimenits at Via
cennes, it is reportedi, were withdrawn in
I perfect state of preservation.
THE Langihaws are black in plumage,
with a beautilaul beetle green lustre. They
greatly resemble black Cochins, but are
more active, and mature earlier. They
seem to fill an Intermediate place between
the setters and non-settere, as they are
rathier constant layers and easily broken
when desiring to set. Ini size, they are
nearly, if not quite, as larmte as the Blrah
mas, anml the pullets often begin to lay
when six moi~ths old. The chIcks grew
fast, leather from the start, and are very
hardy, As a breed they compare favora
bly with any of the others.
Mism yielding is in rome occuilt way non
.wcetd iintiimately with the cow's nervous
>rgamazattion). If she is happy, contented
mud comfortable she will do hmer best,while
the least s'iock to her nervous system upl
mets the whole business. 'I he crack of a
svhip. thme faling of a board,or other shockt
,o the nervep, will reduce the yleldof milk
n a her d very maateu ially. SUtlhe remnovai
af the calf, or its rongh treatmeint in the
llm's ptreseace; will rometimes pereinpro
ily atop 'he flow of milk. This is often
itiribuited to the ill-will of the cow In
'holding up" her milk, but dloctors t ell use
>f similar resuits with the human race.
Po'IATous, when dug mn an unripe state,
nay be at times watery anti nt fit to ea',
>ut if spread as thinly as p >ssible in a dry,
iry plaice,they will in tmie b~ecome as mnca
y as if left to ripcu on the ground.
Belect the finest tubers when harvesting
he crop and put thenm seide for next
pring's plantlug. Following this rule for
loew seamsns wdIl produce a great improve
lent in the quality of your potaItoes.
Alt ST animals eat In proportlin to their
reight, under average conditions ci age,
emneraturo andi ratnes.
"ntitef- Woilds tha ours,'
The cont observations made on the
planet Venus during her transit across the
sun appear to confirm the Impresion de
rived from the last transit, Ia 18'74, that
she hu an atmosphere not loss dense than
our own, and aqueous vapor and cloud
within that atmosphere. This conclusion
would have grieved the late Professor
Whewell, who, in his ingenious essay to
disprove the plurality of inhabited worlds,
took for granted that we "discern no traces
of a gaseous or watery atmosphere sur
rounding her (Venus)," and built on this
ne gative evidence one of his arguments to
prove that In the whole universe the earth
is not improbably the only habitable globe.
t'rofessor Whewell .did his best to show
that the carth held a very singular place
in what might be a very unique solar sys
tein; that it occupied what lie called "the
temperate zone" of its own sun's system,
and that there is no particular resson to
suppose that any other sun has planetary
attendants at all. In order to make out
the singular position of the earth in its
own sun's system, 'rofessor Whowell was
compelled to make tile miost of the intensi
ty of the light and heat in Mercury and
'Venue, and the most again, of the compar
ative cold of mars. In point of fact, how
ever, it is probable that a very slight mod
ification of our human organization-even
If any structural modification at all of that
organization were necessary-would enable
creatures of the same general structure
and habits as man to 4ivo with ease in
either of the planets nearest to the earth,
in either blars, which should, caeteris
paribus, be colder and darker, or in
Venus, which should cacteris parlbus,
be lighter and hotter than the earth. We
know, to some extent, the configuration of
the continents in lare, and our astronon.
era have at times watched the area of the
polar snows of that planet increasi. g with
the approach ot winter and dwidlmng
with the approach of summer. Of Venus
we know much less, the intense brightness
of her reflected light being a very unfavor.
able condition for minute observation.
But the apparently clear evidence for an
atmosphere of a good deal of density, and
for the preence of cloud and aqueous vapor
in that atmosphere, disposes completely of
the late Professor Whewell's assumption
that no creature resenibling man now has,
or could ever have, his abode there. 'I'lere
now seems no reason to doubt that in
Venus the conditions of physical exis-ence
are sucn that either there now may be
there, or may have been, or may be in
future, a beig whose physical existence
might, like that of a man and the animal
natures nearest to man, exist under soine
thing closely approaching to those of ter
restrial life. The length of the (lay in
Venus is nearly the same, the weight of
any given mass is nearly the same, the at
iospheric conditions are probably not
very different froni our own; the. only
material differences being probably the
length of the year, which Is not very
much above the half of ours-or, say
about seven months instead of twelve
and the amount of light and heat, which
unless mitigated by special atmospheric
conditions, as they easily might be, would
probably be twice as intense as terrestrial
light and heat.
We insist on this analogy, however,
only for the sake of those who like the
late Dr. Whewell, made the argument
fr->m analogy so all-important, though in
relation to a question on which, as it ap
pears to us, the argument from analogy
has really a very slight bearing indeed.
There is no reason in the world why spir
itual beings, much more like to us in their
thoughts than it is at all probable that
birds and tortoines are like to us in their
thoughts, should not exist everywhere
in the pure ether, In the hottest Ilamies of
the sun, in the dimness of the darkest re
ceases of apace, in the heat of Lhe volcano,
o" in the depth of the ocean. Ignore the
reasoning from analogy and we can hardly
have a less secure basis for reasoning,
where observation is limited as it is in
this case, in one minute corner of the uni -
verse, and we shall find no more rcason
why we should confine the Creator's power
to working within conditIons closely re
sembiling our own than there is why we
should assume that He will work at all in
regions where we have no evidence of that
work.
What Tripe Is.
Occasionally you see a man order tripe
at a hotel, but he always looks hard, as
though he hated himself and everybody else.
lie tries to lo:k as though he enjoyed it,
bt he does noit. Trp,'.. is indigestibl
and looks like an indiarubber aproni for a
child to sit on. When it is pickled it
looks like dirty clothes p~ut to soak, and
when it is cooking it looks as though thle
cook was boiling a dish-cloth. On the
table it looks like glue, and tastes likce 8
piece of oil silk umbrella cover. A atom.
ach that is not lined with corrugated Iron
would be .turned wrong 81(de out by the
smell of tritse. A man eating tripe at a
hotel table looks like an Arctic explorer
dining on his boots or chewing pieces of
frozen raw dr .. You cannot look at a man
eating tripe, but he wvill blush and look as
though he wanted to apologize and con
vince you he is taking it to tone up his
system. A wuiman never eats tripe.
There is no't money enough in the world
to hire a woman to take a corner of a sheet
of tripe in her teeth and try to pull off a
piece. Those who eat tripec are men who
havc had their stomachs play mean tricks
tricks on them, and they eat tripe to get
eveni with their stomachs, and then they
go and take a Turkish bath to sweat it out
of the e3ntem. Tlripo has a superstition
handed dlown fromt a former generation of
butchers, who sold all the meat and kept
tripe for themselves and the dogs; hut
dogs of the present (lay will not eat tripe.
You throw a piece of tripe dIown im front
of a dog, andl see if lie doesa not put his
tail between his legs and go off and( hate
you. Taipe may have a value, but it is
not as food. 1t may be good to f1ll into a
burglar proof sate, with the cement and
chilled steel, or it might answer to use as
a breast-plate in time of war, or It would
be goodi to use as bumpers between cars,
or 't wouldl make a good lace for the
weight of a pile-driver, but whieii you
come to smuiggle it Into the stomath you
do wrong. Tripe I Bahi I A piece of
Turkish towel cooked in axce-grease would
be pie0 compared with tripe.
One by one, the more precious metale
are found deposited in this country, and
in some caseP, as in nickle, the iinsuspec
ted supplies peove greater in voiume thani
the previous yel of all other countries
combined. Tihe latest of these dliscoveries
is that of vaniadiumi, which h as betn taktn
from ani Arizona mine ini larger paying
quantities than ever before known.
At a hotel'in the Adirondacks, where
the E~disoni eke'ric light is used, the biu
er for the diynamos is fired exclusively
with wood, which coats twenty five centa a
cord. The comnp any asserts the first night
the hum pa were h htedi, one hundred and
twenty-nfve lamps were ruin six hours with
only onic-quarter cerdi of wood, at a cost of
six and one fourth cents for fuel.
Do you never look at yourself when
you abusenothe pnrson.
The liousoy when Alone,
When the house Is alone by itself, Inox
perlenced persona may believe that It be
haves just exactly as It does when there a
are peoplein it: but that is a delusion, as al
yuu will discover if you are left alone in it o:
at midnight, sitting up for the rest of the
family. At this hour it Is true disposition U
will reveal Itself. To catch it at its best, N
pretend to retire, prit out the gas or lamp, w
and go up stairs. Atterwards come down si
softly, light no more than one lamp, go f
Into the empty parlor, and seat yourselt f
at a table, with something to read, No
sooner have you done so than you will T
hear chirp, chirp, chirp, along the top of p
the room-a small sound, but persistent. 1i
It is evidently the wall paper comiug off; lj
and you decide, after some tribulation,that
it It does come off you can't help it, anti 1
go on with your reading. U
As you sit with your book in your band tl
you begin to he quite sure that some one 7
is coming down stairs. Squak-squak- ti
squakl What folly! There is nobody up
there to come down; but there-noI is 1
on the kitchen stairs. Somebody is coin
ing up. Squak-snapi Well, if it is a e
robber, you might as well face him You o
get the poker, and stand with your back 1
against the wall. Nobody comes up. Fin
ally you decide that you are a goose, put
the poker down, get a magazine and try h
to read. b
rhere, that's the door. You heard the i
lock turn. They are coming home. You 0
run to the door, unlock and unbolt it,peep
out. .Nobody therel But as ou linger.
the door lack gives a click that itakes )ou 1
jump. By daylight neither loek nor ri
stairs make any uf those noises unless they f
are touched or trodden on. You go bacc
to the parlor In a hurry, with a feeling
that the next thing you know somethinA u
may catch you by the back-hair, anid you w
try to remember whre you left off, Now, a
it is the table that snaps and cracks as if N
all tte spiritualistic knocKs were hidden
in its mahogany. You do not lean on it
heavily without this result; but it fidgets 0
you, and you take a easy chair chair and 4
put the book on your knee. Your eyes fc
wander up and down the page, and you W
grow dreamy, when, apparently,the book
cases fires off a pistol' at least, a loud,
fierce crack conies from the heart of that c
piece of furnitur'-so loud, so fierce, that V
you jump to your feet, trembling. b
You cannot stand the parlor any more. t]
You go up stairs. No sooner do you get
there than it seems to you somebody is
walking on the roof. If the house is a b
detached one, and the thing is iipossible, b
that makes It all the more mysterious. t
Nothing ever ma'-ned in the chimnicy be.
fore, but soietbing moans now. There
is a ghostly step in the tathi-room. You i
find out afterwaras that it I the tap arip- e
ping, but you do uot dare to look at that n
time. Ard it is evident that there is some- o
thing up the chimney-you would not. liae
to ask what. If you have gas, it bobs up
and down in a phantom dance. If you a
have a lamp, it goes out in blue explosion. c
If you have a candle, a shroud plainly en- a
wraps the wick and falls towards you. 3
The blinds shake as if a hand clutched
them; a'id, finally a doleful cat begins to d
moan in the ceilar. You (ho not keep a fi
cat, and this finishes you. o
You pretend to read no longer, and, sit- fi
ting with a towel over your head and face,
and hearing something below go "Show I
shewi show!I show!" like a saw, you be
lieve in the old ghost stories. Ten minutes n
afterwards the bell rings; the belated ones a,
comes home; the lights are lit; perhaps
something must be got out to eat People "
talk and tell where they have been, and si
ask if you are lonesome. And not a stair ii
creaks. No step is heard on the roof. No
click at the tront door. No bookcase nor
table cracks. The honuse has on its com-c
pany manners--only yt u have found out
how it behaves when it is alone, tJ
e
The buildings and p'ersonal property of d
farmers are much loss liable to be dcstroyed U
by fire than similar properly in cities aind c.
villages. Occasionally fires spread through a
the country as was the case in Michigan a
year or two ago; but suich inssances are tob
rare to be taken Into the account of coin
mon farm risks. The calamity in Michi- fi
gan was not, in fact, a fire spreading fronm ri
one farm to another, but a forest fire, -
whIch incidentally took such farm buil. "
mngs, crops and othier destructible prop!'r- t
ty as lay in its path. Such cases as this td
hardly constitute a good argument for as
farm iusurance, since in so idiespread a
conflagration the company mnsuring, unless .t(
iargely sup~ported elsewhere,mziay go down,
while the liupposedl insurance becomes
wvorthless when it is most needed. Th~ere
can be no doubt, that farmers arc andl have
been tax( d much too heavily for insurance ci
in proportions to their risks. TFhe exf.cri- aa
ence of the Grange insurance companies
prove~s this. From the reports of their
secretaries we learn that while the rate is
only flity ((nts per hlundired dlollars for w
five years as compa~rred with ifixty to sev. C
ently-flve cents per hundred for t'mrce ti
years charg'ed by stock con panics, yet the ,
Grange comiprnins aire COt stantly accumu
lating a surplus. To lbe sure these Orange
companies take only the best rIsks; that is,
none except miembiers of the order can be ci
insured; but the fact tnat at th'e low rates ol
chiargedi they are adding to their reserves
shows that In times past, farmers have a
been taxed far too high in this respect. In 81
one one town it Is reportedl that an insur al
ance agent in twenty years collected $12,- gi
000 in premiums from farmers, and In all fe
that time less than $200 had been returneld
for property destroyed, while this sum was
much less than the local agents' comt. is
sion for collecting premiums and making dl
disbursements.
Statistics just puilstiett show that South si
Carolina now has 27 flouristilng rotton Ic
mills, with 4,120 looms and 180,721
spindles, and~ that the busIness yields an
average net profit of twelve per cent. In v(
1880 there were in the State 18 mills, mi
with 1,933 kcoms and 95,938 apindles. pl
These figures show an extraordinary yi
progress in this Important indtustry, and w
the fact, that nine new mills were chartered! ot
at the recent session of the Legislature in- 0!
dhicates a striking growth of the business 15
in the fluture. in undertaking to manu- (hl
facture its great staple insateadl of sending e(
it to English and1( New England mills the b)1
South ha~s entered a field of industrisl ac- It
tivity which promises'to prove a most Im- wV
portant souirce of prosperity. Nearness Of r(
its mills to its cotton fields is an advantage t'
which in time must tell strongly In favor at
of the 8>unth in the competition with its hJ
dietant competitors. hii
-t
Sik Orowing,. 10i
Hungary is becoming quito a silk- 'r
growing country. From statistics pnb- thi
hished a short time ago, it appears that Ic
in 1861 there wero 2976 producers, who W
turned out 41,587 kilogrammies cof co-il
coons, which realized not less than 41,.
816 florins. On the profits there has
been established, wiith Slante aid, a
model hfool, which promises to give a
Well-(directed impetus to the silk grw en
Lulinber Statistics.
Dtiring the year of 1882 the lumber
anufacturors of Williamsport enjoyed
season of great prosperity. They be
%n the present year with every. promise
increased business. - ftellent prices
revailed last year and as the floods in
Le river came at the right time and
ere of the right height all the available
ook of logs in the woods was suocess.
illy floated down to the boom and man
etured into boards during the summer.
he shipping books of the railroad com.
mies show that 202,881,000 feet of
tmber were sent to market from Wil
awsport during the year. The traffic
the entire West Branch Valley foota
p a total of 882,008,000 feet. To carry
2e Williamsport lumber to market 20,.
30 cars and boats were required, and
io entire trafil of the valley called Into
)rvice 20,108 cars and boats.
At the opening <:.q 1882 a careful ao,
Lunt of stock showed 157,587,888 feet
pine and 27,831,437 feet of hemlock
a hand in the lumber yards of the WiF
amsport manufacturers. The stock on
and at present has not yet been taken,
ut the best informed lumbermen be.
eve that it will not vary'wuch from that
f the previous year. The stock that will
e out in the woods this .winter and
oated to the boom in the spring will
mu from 270,000,000 to 800.000,000 of
ovt. -
Thie highest carried over by the man.
facturors at any time in twelve years
as in 1874, when it was 220,962,922 feet
id tho smallest amount was in 1872,
hon it roached only 50,550,603.
In 1882 the boom company raftea
tit and delivered to their owners 1,808,
33 los, which measured 220,120,959
iet. As the season was favorable it
as entirely cleared of stock. While
i1 boom and the mills are inseparable,
)nstant war is going on between them.
7hon first established years ago, the
oom company was allowed $i.25 per
iousand foot toll on pine and $1 on
emlock. - This was considered too high
y the manufacturers, and, after much
ard work, the Legislature was induc3d
) reduce the tolls to $1 all around at
hich figure they now stand. The
venty-flye saw-mills of Williamsport
riploy an average of about one hundred
Len each, at an annual cost of about
oc million of dollars. The season lasts
ight months in the year and the aver
go pay per day is $1.75. The mills
it an average of 250,000,000 feet per
amum and the largest has a capacity of
,000,000 annually. The entire pro.
act of the season is worth $18 per thou
mud on an average, which give a total
E $4,500,000 for the raw lumber manu
ictured.
. atheurly Adviec.
One of the veterans on Wall street
as the other day giving some fatherly
ivice to one of his clurks, about to be
Larriedi, andl in closing his sermon hie
uid: "Directly after the ceremony
iore will be a banquet, of course. When
our wife turns her plate she will find a
tck for $50,000 under it." '-Do you
mil~y think so?" "Oh, I know it; that's
mc prevailing style now-a-days. The
Lieck will be passed around and finally
iven to you to pocketa'' "And next
ay I will drawv the money on it." ''Oh,
o, you won't." ''Why not?" "Be
muse there wou't be any. Don't make
dolt of yourself by rushing to the
siik." ''But I thought--" "No matter
hat you thought. Bave the check to
amoe and hangp up. When 1 was mar
ed thirty years ago, my wife found one
aidor her plate. I've got it yet. I
aoughit too much of her father to mor
fy his feelings, and I know be has at
ays respected me for it. That's all,
y son). If run you short on'your bridal
~ur, telegra ph ime."'
A Temple or solia Rock.
The temple of D1ambula, Ceylon, is
rved enitirely out of stone, and there
o seven eaves hollowed out of the
ck, stairs roughly hewn up the side of
These cav.s are grotesquely p~ainted
ih the chief incidents of the history of
Liylon. Ini the first one there Is a sta
.0 of Buiddah, rep:osing full length,
hioh is sixty leot long, and all carved
it of 0110 blot'k of stone, Before it on
to table are placed offrings of flowers,
mlca, campllhor, incense, etc. in the
her caves there are immense figures of
icieint kings; they are larger than life
i.e and are painted in the most variedl
Ladles of yellow, slashled with red and
'el. Their faces have much the same
ritures as are repjresented on wooden
ntah dolls, and have about as much ex
ession. The walls and ceilings are
corated with ,rough paintings repre
nting battles, tournaments, elephant
muts and religious processions. The
>or of the temple is looked with a mnas
ye silver key, which must weigh at
ast twvo pounds.
A recent correspiondient of Nattire is
ry much worried about the earth's at
('sphere, which 'he says lias become so
>llutedl by the burning of coal that in the
ar 1900 all animal life upon the globe
ill cease, killed by carbonic dIoxide. An
her co'rrespondlent, loIlng this pirophet
evil, shlows that, while most of the gas
washed( out of the air by rain, seime pro
icts of combustion (or rather inconmplete
nibustion)as hiydrog~en and the hydrocar
,ns, remain. 01 these unburned gases
)0,000,000 tons have escaped into the air
hina thirty years. What will be the
suits of th s accnumularuon? According
k'rofessor Tyndalt, hydrogen, marsh gas
1(1 ethylene have the property in a very
gh degree or absorbing andi radiating
at. Fromn thIs we may conclude, says
e correspondlent, that the increasing pci
tion of the atmosphere will have a mark
I influence on the climate of the world.
tio mountainous regions will be colder,
c arctIc regions will be colder, the trop
Swill be warmer, and~ throughout, the
>rldl the (lays will he warmer and the
ghts colder. In the temrerate zone thme
mter will be colder, and( wInds, storms
dI rain fall greater.
In his selar researches Prof. Langley
da that the absolute color of the photo
tere Is blue, and that the muxlmum
orgy in the visIble spectrum is In the
lion of thme orangre.