Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TRI-W LY EDITION. WINNSBORO, S. C., SEPTEMBER 15, 1881. ESTABLISHED 1865. BY TIIE BANKS- OF TIIEH MOIIAWK. 0 dark rolling river, so rapid aut free, You bring back the brightness of boyhood, to me, When gayly I wandered, along your wild shore, With one I loved fondly, who loves me no more. By the banks of the Mohawk The cataract's roar, Where we wandered in childhood Along the wild shore, The song-birds have vanished; the summer is o'er; The roses have faded that bloomed by her door: The elms and the maples stand leafless and drear; Tie snowflakes are falling; the Winter Is here. By the banks of the Mohawk The cataract's roar, Where we wandered In chidliood Along the wild shore.' The hopes of her girlhood have flown far away; tier bright auburn tresees are fadled and gray; Her beauty has vanished ; her features, once fair Are saddened by sorrow and furrowed by care. By the banks of the Moliawk The cataract's roar, Where we wandered in childhood Along the wild shore. Our childhood In gone1; we are drifting to-day, Like leaves on the river, forever away, We are leaving the years; we are nearing the shore Where storms never beat and no cataracts roar. By the banks of the Mohawk Trie waters may roar Forever and ever Along the wild shore I A DREADFUL CASE. "Gems!" he exclaimed,the expression of his countenance changing from that of the reflective sage, I was going to say, to one that was almost miserly. "Ah, now you talk of something I un derstand. They are not watching us, are they?" he broke offlooking nervous ly in the direction of the house. "No, no," said I, with subdued ex citement, wondering what was to hap pen next. He deliberately unbuttoned his long ulster coat, shivered in the cold winter air as he did so, then he began to fum ble at a belt which lie wore. Several diamonds of great value, as I judged, in a momeit more sparkled before MV as tonished eyes. He had apparently drawn them gom a little leather pocket, curi ously concealed beneath this belt. "AhI those are gems, if you like, sir," he exclaimed, with an exulting chuckle, which brought to my mind the impres sion created at our first interview, that he was not quite right in his head. "They are splendid," I said, "but why do you carry them about with your Suppose any one, dishonestly inclined, were to learn that an elderly man had property of such value upon him? The thought of it makes me tremble, sir." "I am not in the habit of exhibiting th2 iihich it has taken my life time 01itRs. I dare not. But I trust you, sir." *As a man.of business I thought there was here another proof of mental weak ness, in the fact that he should confide in one of whose antecedents lie knew nothing, and of whoso honesty lie had no further proof than a love of nature might suggest. But I chanced at this moment to look up at the first floor window of our neigh bor's house: and there, watching with a strange and, as I thought, scornful smile, stood the tall, shallow man of whom both my wife's and my own im pression was .so distinctly unfavorable. I mentioned to the old mvan to put away his jewels, for the German servant was approaching again; most likely sent by her master. My strange acquaintance did not ap) pear in the garden any more. I have an innate horror of eavesdrop ping, and, as I have repeatedly said to my dear wife, whose feminine curiosity tempts her to attach far too little atten tion to this evil. "Conversation not in tended for her ears ought to be regarded with the same feelings as a letter not written for her perusal. She would feel deeply insulted did any one suggest that she would be capable of reading another person's letter simply because the seal happened to be0 broken, and could there fore do so without the fear of detection." But womeni, alas! are never logical; and she will not see, or, p~erhaps cannot,that her conduct is no lens culpable when she greedily listens to this private conversa tion of others, just because accident or carelessness on their part has placed her within carshiot. Well, a few days after that we sat in our cheerful, cony front parlor; we were sitting, I say, in our cosy p~arlor; my wife, with hor knitting in her hands, on an ottoman, which was drawn close into a recess by the fire-place; I, in my good old arm ohair,by the table in the middle of the room, and reading the last numi - ber of the Gardener's Magazino. The - entrance of Ann with our customary "night cap" of weak toddy and thin bread and butter, interrupted my study of an articleen "Trenching," anti caused mne to look up at my wife. "Eavesdropping!" I was about to ex claim, when my speech wvas arrested by observing the strange look of horror oni Polly's face. She had dropped her knit ting, and sat with hands clasped across her breast, and head pressed closely against the wall. "My dear girl, whatever is the matter with you?" I said. "Old it is dreadful," she whispered, holing up her fingers to chock me. "Pray come and hoar what they are saying." Exalted though my principles were about listening, I could not resist the impulse of the moment, but hastily ronme from my seat and placed my ear against the wall likewise. Ann Lighitbody, too, ped the tray of toddy on the table as if it were a hot coal, and rushed to the op posito side of the mantlopieco to imitate our example. To any one entering the room at that moment the scene present ed, must have been absurd beyond do scription. But we were earnest enough, for what we hoard seemed to freeze our very blood. "Is he dead yet?" we heard Mrs. Malden ask her husband, with a low, musical laugh that seemed to us like the mirth of a fiend. "Thoroughly," responded he in a deep voico,which betrayed no sign of remorse or agitation; "your hint, that I should dispose of him in his sloop,like Hamlet's uncle did his troublesome brother, was capital." There was silence for several minutes. Then wo heard Mrs. Malden ask grave ly, "What shall you do with the body?" "Oh, that is just the difficulty, As the neighbors must not have their sus picion roused,it must be buried at night and a report put about that the silly old man has gono into the country." "Oh, dear! there is the property to dispose of, is there not?" "Uncut diamonds tell no tale," said this sallow neighbor of minein his deel) voice, laughing loudly. "Nothing could have ben luckier than my witnessing that little scene betwoon my uncle and our fat neighbor ove the garden wall.' In an ordinary moment I should have felt keenly the insult conveyed in his remark, but my feelings were too highly wrought for it to touch me then. But Polly piessed my hand and mur mured. "'The horrid villain!" We listened painfully for several min utos more. We heard Malden's wife heave a (ld) sigh. 8he was human, then. I had scarcely thought it. "I can't bear to think-it is too dread ful!" she said her voice trembling for the first time during the conversation. Again her husband laughed loudly, and said, in a theatrical tone, "What, my Lady Macbeth trembling! "Come, we'll go to sleep. We are yet young in deed." In a moment more we heard the door of the apartment closed. We three sat and looked at cioh other-blanched and speechless with horror. Ann was the - first to cover her pres once of mind. ' Shall I go and fetch the perlese, sir?" she said in a subdued voice. "Oh, don't leave me, Ann!" sobbed my poor wife, yielding, to her pent up emotions and clasping our servant around the waist. This was the first time in her life that she had been so undignified. "You go, Joram," she continued. Then a sudden fear seized her. "But we shall both be murdered while you are gone." The poor soul wrung her hands and began to laugh hysterically. I felt that everything depended upon my controlling my nervous system. Polly was beginning to got silly, and Ann might at any moment break down, too. I took out my pi)e, and slowly filled and lit it, in order both to steady myself and to impress these women with my self-command. "I'll telegraph to Chittick--that will be best," I said, after pacing the room once or twice. "You can't telegraph to-night, sir; the office 'ull bo shut," said the p~racti cal Ann. Mr. Chittick wvas an insp~ector in the detective force at Scotland Yard. After some internal debating I decided it would be botter to wa'it till the morning and then telegrap)h than to go off to the local police station that night. I have of ten since wondered at my coiurage and calmness. The wife and servant seem ed to catch something of my ap~irit. We wvere unanimous that to go to bed was imp~ossile, so Mrs. Frogg lay on the sofa, Ann in the sofa chair, which we wheeled out of the next room, and I sat up in my good arm chair prep~ared to watch the night through. Happily nothing tranmspircd during that tedious night to create further alarm. In the morning when the p)ost ma-a called, I got him to take a tele graphic message, wich simply urged my frienid the inspector to come as early in the day as lie possibly could, as I wanted to see him on busiiness of a very pressing and extraordinary character. About noon he camne. Not a soul had stir-red fromn the neighboring house, and I had therefore the satisfaction of eool ing that the delay would'niot frustrate the ends of justice. When we wore alone, I told the story of Mr. Lea's eccentric conduct; his dis appearance after his nephew had seen him show me the diamonds in the gar (len; and finally the strange conversa tion wve had overheard the night before. At first my friend was merely politely attentivo; but, as I went on, ho took out his note book and carefully wrote down the wvords we had overheard. He asked for p~articularl, too, of the appearancc of Malden and his wife, and of the mnur dored man. "IDo yelu know anything of the busi noAS or profession of Maiden?" he then asked. I could only admit that on this point I was entirely in the dark. "Buit has not your maid learned any thing on this subject from your neigh bor's servant?" he inquired; "servants are always gossiping, you know." "The woman next door is a foreigner -a German-I think." Inspector Ohittick pursed up his I mouth and tapped his note book with his pencil. "That looks like a plan," he remarked after a moment's meditation. "That fact is the strongest point In the case. It seems as though it were designed that nothing should transpire through the I clatter of servants." "Yet surely the real point is the con fession of murder which we overheard?" I urged deferentially. 0'That has to be proved," he replied. "In the meanwhile, I must compliment you on your shrewdness in sending for me in this quiet way. I shall at once telegraph for one of our men to stay with you here, and for another to be posted i within a convenient distance of tho house," Day after day passed and nothing transpired to clear up this my stery. At length, after r.n interval of nearly a fort night, we had, for the first time, a coin munication from Inspector Chittick in the shape of a telegram: "I have made an unexpected and startling discovery in re Malden. I will call this afternoon, and hope to do busi ress. Malden is at home; intends leav ing home to-morrow with wife and Gor man servant." I did not show this message to Polly, for I luiew it would upset her. My nerves, too, were a little unstrung, and I actually trembled when Ann ushered Mr. Chittick into the front room. After greeting me, he gravely took a news paper from his pocket and passed it to me. "Read that," said he, pointing to a portion marked at the top and bottom with ink. In a mechanical fashion I took the paper and began to read. It was part of an article on the "Magazines of the Month," and TJyburnia was the periodical, the criticism of which he had marked. It read; "7/burnia, as usual, is very strong in fiction. But it scarcely sustains its reputation by inserting the highly mel odramatic tale, "The Cap of Midas." The hero-villain of this story is a young Greek who is assistant to an aged dia mond merchant in 3yracuse." My heart began to beat as I read the first few words. "This young gentleman is fired by an ambition to play an important part in the political life of the coming Greek federation. To obtain wealth, and with it influence, he murders his. aged mans ter for the sake of certain priceless gems which the old fellow had concealed in a velvet nightcap he is in the habit of wearing. This is the cap of Midas, wo presume. Justin Corgialegno-the mur derer-had read "Hamlet," and drops poison into his mastor's car, and steals the nightcap. This poison, however, fails to do its work, so the assistant at once stabs the old man and begins to feel the first diflicultics of his lot, name ly, how to dispose of the body of the murdered man." I looked up at Inspector Chittick sheepishly. A mocking smile lurked in the corners of his mouth, I thought. WVell, the hero buries his master in tihe garden of his house and starts off with this cap, which contains the wealth that is to give him political powver. Hero comes the melodramatic point of the story. The diamonds in this capI are of such enormous value that the I murderer dare not attemp~t to sell them, feeling sure that inquiries will be made as to how lhe became possessed of such precious gems. Tortured by fear and desperate with hunger, he at longth commits suicide with his cap) of Midas placed mockingly upon his own head. The story is ingenious in somne of its parts, but is really, to speak plainly un1 wvorthy of the ,reputation of that pro mnising young novelist, Mr. Ernest Mal "Mr. Ernest Malden," I mu~ttered va cantly, ''a-a niovelist!" Tha inspector rose from his chair and slapped-me on the back, and p)okedl me in the rib~s, and shook me by tihe shoul ders laughing the while with such tre mendous boisterousness that Mrs. Frogg and Ann burst into the room in a state of speechless amazement which I shall never forget. Their appearance gave gave the finishing touch of absurdity to the situation, and as the grotesquene1ss of the bluider which we had one and all made dlawnedi upon me, I, too, began to laugh until the tears rolled downi my cheeks. "Polly," I gasped as soon as I could sp~eak. "Mr. Malden is a novelist, and oh I such a vile murderer-on paper 1 Ha, ha, ha I oh, oh, lie, lhe I ha, ha, ha, ha I" We really never saw poor old Mr. Lea again, for lie (lied at Brightpn of soften ing of the brain a few weeks after his nephew and niece joined him. Their leaving towvn--reforred to in the i nspec- I tor's telegram-was with this ob~ject. The old gentleman, as we afterwards learned, was taken away from next door in a cal) one evening when we must have been at the hack of the house. Had we but seen him go, we should have been spared a great deal of terror and many unjust suspicions of ourneighbors' char acters. H~e that has no incelination to learn more, will be very apt to think he knows enough, A Rescue at Sea. Tho Cunard steamship Parthia was >etween 400 and 500 miles distant from he west coast of Ireland. For somo iours a low barometer had given warn ug of a coming gale. The breeze was resh on " o port quarter, with a long ollowing sea, over which, under the mpulse of propeller and canvas, the >eautifully moulded hull of the great teamship rushed like a locomotivo, aising a roar of thunder at her bows md oarving out the green, glass-clear rater with her stern into two oil-smooth -ombers, which broke just abaft the ore-rigging and rushed with a swirl mud brilliance of foam to join the long, flittoring snow-line of the wake astern. L'here was a piebald sky, the blue ill it arnished and faint, and under it, like a cattering of brown smoke, the sCud vent floating swiftly. ' In the south and vest - the aspect of the heavens was )ortentous enough, with a leaden dead ioss of color and a line of horizon as harply marked as a ruling in ink. 'The ,ale was evidently to come from this luarter ; and, sure enough, before eight 1olls in the afternoon watch, it Was )lowing a hurricane from the S. S. W. Phe fury of the wind raised a tremen lous sea. Tie Parthia ran for a time; >ut running is not tihe remedy pro cribed to captains who are caught, in a ircular storm and shortly after 4 o'clock he helm of the ateamer was put down nd her head pointed to the sons. The m)sengers were below, considerably >attened down by order of Captain dicKaye, the commander of the vessel, o that they should not be washed over )oard or drowned in tie cabins, for now hat the steamer's bow was pointed at he sea, she was one smother of froth rom the eyes to the ruddor-head. Her urtseying might have looked graceful t a distnce, but it was a tromendous ixperienco to those who had to keep ime to her dance. Every now and gain she would "dish" a whole green ea forward-taking it in just as you vould dip a pail into water-a soa that mmediately turned the (leeks into a mall raging ocean as high as a man's maist. As she rolled she shattered the urious tido against her bulwarks, where t broke into smoke and was swept away n clouds, like volumes of steam, for a vhole cabin-length astern. The grind ng and straining of the - hull, the kollow, mufled, vibratory note of the ing1ima, tuo. boomigg of the mighty urges agaimst the reh-Obuht Tabrio, thei creaming of the %wind through the iron tiff, standing-rigging, and the enduring hunder of the tempest hurtling through he sky, completed to the ear the tre nendous scene of warfare submitted to be eye in the picture of black heavens 6nd white waters, and struggling, mothered, goaded ship. The Parthia lay hove to for six hours. Lt 10 o'clock at night the gale broke, he wind sensibly moderated, the teanier was brought to her course and vent rolling heavily over the immense 6nd powerful sea swell which the cyclone iad left behind it. Sunday morning asme with a benediction in the shape of warm, bright sun. But the swell was till exceedingly heavy. It was shortly ifter two bells (9 o'clock) wvhen the ookout man reported a vessel away on he lee bow, app~arontly hull down. As he was gradually hove up by the ap >roach of the Parthia, these who had ,ailers' eyes in their heads perceived hat she was a vessel in distress, and hat if any human beings were aboard if her their plight would be miserable. lsho was water-logged, and so low in the rater thmat she buried her bulwarks with vory roll. She had all three masts tanding, lbut her yaruds wveuc boxed bout anyhow, her running rigging in >ighits, with ends of it trailing over >oard. H1er canvas was rudely furled, >ut slho had a fragment of a foretop-mast taysail hoisted, as well as a storm taysail, and she looked to) b) hove to. er aspnet, had she been encountered ~s a derelict, was mournful enough to mave set a sailor musing for an hour; uit when it was discovered that theme voe living peopl1e01 lonebr she took an xtraordinar-y anud tragical significanco, ~o colors wvere hoisted to express her ondition ; but thon no colors were ieedful. 11cr story wanted no bietter olling than wvas found in the suggestion i the small crowd of human heads on ocr (leek watching the Parthia ; in the hull and steady lifting of the dark vol times of water against hier sides, in the ushing of clear cascades from her cuippor-holes na she leaned weam ily vor to the fold of the tall swvell that bireatoned to overwvhelm her, and in he sluggish waving of her naked spars mnder the sky. Twenty-Live people ould be counted ab~oard of lhor, All he had to be savedl, but it was very vell understood by) every man belonging o the Parthia that they could only be aved at the risk of the lives of tlae >oat's crew that should p~ut off for them ; he swell was still violent to an extent aeyond anything that can be conveyed n wvords. As the Parthia, with her >ropeller languidly revolving, sank into hollow, a wall of water stood between mer and the bark, and the ill-fated vessel >ecamne invisible, then in another me nent hove high, the people Qfn board he steamer could look down from their oiaed dock upon the half-drowned hull mad the soaked, o1linn and pale-hoo crew as you look upon a housetop in a valley from the side of a hill. The serious danger lay in lowering a boat. But Jack is not of a deliberative turn of mind when something that ought to bn done waits for him to do it. Volunteers were forticoming. The order was given. Eight hands sprarg aft and seated themselves in the lifeboat, and the third officer, Mr. William Williams, took his place in the stern-sheets. It was one of thoso ionieli when11 the bravest man in the world will hold his breath. There swung his boat's crew at the dovits ; the end of the fall in the hands of ilen waiting for the right second to lower away. Ono dark-green foailess swell, in whole, hugo moun alins of water, rose and Hank below ; too much hurry, the least delay, any lack of coolness, of judgment, of per 1!eption of exactly the right thing to do, and it wis ia liundred to one if the next minuto did not see the hoat dashed into itaves and her crew squattering and lrowning among the fragmneints. The Ile conunand wia coolly givell ; the sheaves of the fall-blocks rattled on leir pinls and the boat san1k down to [he water's edge. A vast swell hovo ier high, almost to the level of the spot where K1h0 had beeni hanging, ani1d as piick as mortal hands can imovo the Blocks were unhooked -hut only just in time. Then a strong shovo drove her llear, and inl1i Ia oieitt she Was heading for the wreck-now vanishing a1s though ie had beoln wholly swallowed up by the tall, green, sp1arkling ridge that rose bet-ween her an1d tihe steamer, then lossed like a cork upon a imountainoum pLlilincle, with keel out of water. Sho had hen well stocked with lines and life-buoys, for it was clearly seen that [lie pouring waters w-ould never pernit ior to com within ia pistol-shot of the bark, aid the sluspenise among the passengors amounted to an agony as [hey wondered within thenmselves how Ahoso sailors would resene the poor creatures who had watched them from [the foamy decks of the almost subiiorged wreck: They followed the boat vanish ing and reappearing, the very pulsation of their hearts almost arrested at mo ments when tho little craft mado a head long, giddy swoop into a prodigious hollow and wis lost to view, until pro 3ently they porecived that the men had ceased to row. It was theni son that the third mate was hailing the crew of the bark. Presently they staw one of tho shipwrecked sailors heave a coil of ULno n,,,cXalTa 6o 'ome6, ;6 w~o Cnnagh, A life-buoy bent on to it and hauled aboard the wreck. To this life-buoy was Attached a second line, the cud of which was retained by the people in the boat. One of the mni on the wreck put, the life buoy over his shoulders and in an instant flung himself into the sea, and was dragged smartly but carefully into the boat. The Parthia's pas4songers now understood how the mon were to bo saved. One by one the ship-wrecked seamon leaped into the wator, until Dloven of them had beon dragged into the Parthia'a boat. The nmnber miade a load, and with a cheery call to those who were to be left behind fo- a short while. Mr. Williams headed for- thme steamei-. TIho deep boat alpproach~ed the Parthia slowly ; but, meanwhile Captain McKaye's foresight had provided for- the p~erilous and diflicult job of get tiung the reseued men1 on n.2: the steamer. A whip waus rove at tine foe yar-darma, under- which tine rising and falling boat wals staltioned by meanas of her oars, one end of the w~hip knotted into a bow-line was over-hauled into the boat and slipped over the shoulders of a oman, and at a signal at dozen or mfore of thie Par-thiia's crew ran him up and swayed hinm in. Tin this way the (elevenm mn were saifely~' landedC( on1 the dleek of the steanmer. T~he boat then reoturn-jed to tihe wreck, tine rest of the crew were iragged fr-oum 1her by mecaasof thie buoys mind life-lines, and1( hoisted, along with six of the Parthi's meni, out of the boat by the yairdami wipl. But not yet was this pe' rilouis aund niob ly-executedi mission completed. There was still the boat to ruin up to the davit,. All the old1 fears r-eoccurr-aed as she wats brought aionigside with Mr-. Williams and two menm in her. But jack has a mar-vollously julick( hand and( a1 steady pulse. Thea( blocks were swiftly hooked into thne boat, and soon ihoc soared like a bird in thme davits umnder the strong rmmning pull1 of a numbehLr of mn before the swell that followed hr could rise to the height of the chain pla tes. To ap~preciate the piathios anid pluc1k of mn adventure- of this k'ind, a mnan must have served1 as a spectator- or actor ini sonic such a scene. Words have hbut little virtue when dleeds are to lie told mvhose inovinlg powers aind ii nnoblimng mairiationis lie mi a~ perforimaneo thaut may as fitly be described in one as ini a hundred line(s. Such as8 r-emetmbe r the faces- of those shipwrecked Englishmen aud~ Canadians, the aspieet of themia as they woro hoisted, 0on0 by loe, over- the Parthia's side ; tmh bwildered1 rolling of their oyes incredulous of their miracu lous preser-vation ; their- oxpr-ession oif Iiiferming'slowly yiel dinig to perception rof the new lease of . life mercifully ac corded them, graciously andl nobly carned for them ; their streaming gar ments, their hnair clottedl like seaweed upon1 their pale foreheads ; the passion rito pres'iing forward of the crew anid pasengers of the Parthia to rejoico with the poor fellows over their salvation from one of the most lamenltable dooms to which tihe sea can sentence, will wonder at the insufficiency of this rcord of as brilliant and hearty, though simple, a deed as any which makes up the stirring annals of the marimme lif. The Prosidontlal Cold Air Machine. Tie apparatus which proved most satisfactory in cooling tho chamber of the wounded President was furnished by a Mr. Jennings, ot Baltimore. It was devised for use in a new process of re ining lard. According to the inventor's description, the apparatus consists of a east iron chall)er, about ten feet long and throo wido and three high, filled with vertical iron frames covered with cottoin terry or Turkish toweling. These screens are placed half an inch apart, and represent some three thousand feet Of cooling surface. Immediately over these vertical screens is placed a coil of inch iron pipe, the lower ido of which is filled with line perforations. Into a galvanized iron tank, holding 100 gal ons iof water, is pt finely granulated or shaved ice (and salt when a low tempera ture is required.) This water is sprayed upon the sheets in the lower tank con stantly. Inl each end of the iroln chamn ber are openingis thirteen inches stare. To the outer end. of this ohatiber is a pipe connecting with anl outdoor air Conductor. To the opposite end is coil nected i similar pipe leading into al ice chamber at its top, and from the bot tom01 of the sante a pipe leads to a small exhaust fan, and front the fan the now cold and dry air is forced direct into the President's room illrought a flue sonmc t wenty feet. in length, Air at 99 degrees temperature to day is supplied at the rate of 22,000 cubio feet per hour at the register in the President's room at 64 degrees,and with the wiidows and doors open the tenieriture at. the President's hed (twenty-five feet away) is maint ained steadily at 75 degrees day and night. When the cold air minehine was intro duced it. was intended to keep the win dows and doot closed, and under these conditions the inehine would creato and naintain a tenperature of 60 degrees in the hottest weather without. using the auxiliary ice-air chambier now used, -which was the suggestion of Professor Newcomb and Major Powellto itteet. the requirements of cooling the room with the doors and windows open. Tlhe elbs ing of them gave the roomti an air of gloom. Gun from Cator Oil. At the gas works of .leypore, India, illu initiating gas Is made cliefly from castor oil,.polppy, til, or rape seed being used when the supply of castor beans is short. One inaund (82 pounds) of castor oil pro duces alout 750 cubic feet of 261 candle gas, or 1,000 cubic feet of 181 candle gas. The process of extracting tite oil for carbonizing is as follows First, tile cas itr seet in paccar thirnhiuh the ernaelr, when the shells only are broken off. The shells are then picked out by hand, and the seca Is again introduced into tle crusher, where it is ground to a paste. It is then passed into the heating pn), and, after being well heated, it is packcd hito horsehair bag4 and filled up hot into the press immediately. After about twenty minutes' pressing, tihe exuding oil being meanwhile collected, tho cake is removed and ground over again. It is subsequently hieated and pressed a second time until about 33 or 41) per cent of oil is outained from the seed. The labor of preparing anu pressing the castor seed costs two slil - lngs (about fifty cents) per imaund of oil. Tie total cost of ithe oil is somewhat over $5 per maund. For generating gas, the oil is uisedl as it ameslC from tihe press. F'ormnerly, at othier laLces, when the oil beating seeds wecre carbonized for gas without previous treatmtent as above de scribed, thes prioduct was overloaded with carbonic acid from thte woody part of the seeds, and corresponinligly heavy cost for puriuication was incurred. For out of town consumiers the Jeyporo gas works supply gas compressed to abott thrtee at nmospheres by means of a p)umpt driven by a bullock. Thme compressed gas ls then dlelivered in a wroughtironi receiver to the pouint of consumption, '.hetre it Is either transferred into fixed receivers and burnt by the aidi of suiable regulators, or is do livered Into small p~ortable or service gas holders, and burnt iln the usual way. A ghsat, or landing-stage two miles distant, is thtus sutppilied with 400 cubic fee' of gas every (lay, which is consuimed by thirty jets, each b~urning 1I (uici feet per htour for nine hours. Thtere have not beent anty accidents froim the distribution of gas In the poirtab~le reservoirs, or otherwise. As rallroadI carriages are also supph~ledl with compressed gas, it is evidenit that the intro ducttioni of this brantch of service lhas wtdely extenided the uitility of thte estabhshiient. Another pueculiarity of the Jeypioro under taking Is thte necessity that exists for t~he manager to unmte the attributes of a fariner to his othber acquirements,' for the purpose of securIng a conistaint and cheap supply of rawv material for gas making. Last year, the mtanager, Mr. Tlellery, personally super intended thte sowing of three htuntded acres with the castor lant. Ihow at Fog 0'hutie Works. 1lThe fog whistle, hecard for teln miles, consists 'f two distinct whistles, operated by two engines in a buildmng separate from the lghtthouse. Fifty pounds of steam Is the force carried while at, work. E~very blast lowvers the mark four poundt~s. Shav ings ana kindling wood are laid already to start, up steam when a fog comies on, and the engineer can heat up for steam In thIrty-five minutes. The whIstle gives a blast of eight seconds' duration every min ute-a dlolefulI sound, 'but invaluable to steamners and passing saIling vessels. We could hear It the othter nIght booming dis mally thtrought a fog five miles off. The eap~tain starts It when tlie fog Is suach that he can't see Gooso Island, one mile dliutant. The whistic is produced by a wheel with a eam afixed; the wheel, a soid piece of work, regulated by a governtor, revolves once a minute ; the cam fixed at one point on its periphery, Opens a p)oint which lets off steam in the prolonged booming wal we had heard, To supply water for steam a bIg tank, under the saume roof and sup plIed by the rala from it, is kept pretty full, Forty feet long by efghteen wIde and six deep, it Is not likely to run dry In any fog ; but a carbolle engine and- pump at the well will supply water In case ot emergency. Itusslan Vastness. It would hardly seem possible for a sen tiniental traveler--supposing a person an swering that description to exist in our days-to arise for the first time at St. Pe. tersburg at this moment without a mixture of feelings in which sadness predominated. He is aware that he had crossed the fron tier of a large State, the largest of all co.a. pact States, and, perhaps, only second to that of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with all its colonies and possessions; so big a State that from the frontier station at Vierzbolow, or Wir ballen, to the St. Petersburg terminus, there is a distance of 560 mites, far ex ceeding that between London and E lin. burgh, and yet this first journey of two nights and two days only brings one to the capital, which lies in a corner of the em pire. A glance at the map will satisfy us that the atrface of the smaller half of this empire-E uropean Russia-is considerably larger than that of all the other States of Ejrope put together; while the other half -Siberia, with the rest of the Asiatic Provine s-is not far fro:n covering one third of the Asiatic continent ; and that a recent traveler, the Rev. Ihenry l-Ansdell, in his five months' journey from London to the mouth of the Amoor, all across the Czar's dominions, went over 2,000 miles by rail, 5,700 miles by steam, and 8,000 by horses, or, altogether, 11,500 miles almost in a straight lie. So far, then, as a mani may take pride in the mere bigness of his country, a Russian has aiple reason to be proud. But a State, like a man, may be none the happier for all that. A lofty stature, to be sure, enables a man to look over the headR of a crowd, an unquestionable advantage, and mere height imparts an air of dignity and command which the undersized fully appreciate. But a six foot-sixpiant, such as I once saw, doubling himself up and drawing in his legs to get into a lady's broughiam is a ludicrous sight ; veuy tall meni are seldom well pro. portioned or robust, and in war they offer too easy a target to the wicked breech. loaders of modern construction. In the sane manner Russia is made unwicldly by her very bulk. She has to struggle with her prodigious length and width, and to do it at a greater disadvantage than any other large States. In the Western Con. tinent, for instance, in the United States, Brazil and the republics of South America, man was powerfully aided by nature In his fight against enoimpus distances by the length of navigable water-courses, the Mississippi and Miksouri. the St. Lawrence, the Plate, Pirana and Uruguay, the Ama zon, the San Francisco, etc., even before lie could Lehp himself by his railways: whereas in Northern streams both of Eu rope and Asia, the Niemnen, the Dwins, the Obi, the Yenisei, the Lena, etc., empty themselves either in the White and Arctic 8eas, choked with Ice for six or eight months in the year, or in the Baltic, also frozen in the winter monthr, and for a long time placed beyond the reach of the Cair's sway; and the southern streams, the Volga, the Don, etc., ended either in t-la Oacpian Oa' tho Coaf .Anolt and tha E'ixine, both closed for centuries against IRussian enterprises and expansion. With respect to railways it was Russia's misfortune to go late to work about their construction, and even what she has achieved between the Crimean and Turkish war-1854-1870--scarcely amounts now to 14,000 miles, to which, after the peace of Berlin, she is barely adding 700 yearly -a striking contrast to other large coun tries-as to the United States of North America, for instance, which boast of a net of railway lies of 95,000 miles, with an average annual addition of 10,000 miles. This backwardness of Rusiia in her en deavora to annihilute space by rapid and easy ineans of lucomotion cannot be with. out grave conseq-iences for her commercial and social, as well as financiai and political, interests. It is lost grouiid for her in her battle of life; in the Incessant struige against that geographical position which fromn the beginning dhomed her to seelu sioni from the civilized world-a struggle the evidence of which may be read in avery page of the country's history, and may be followed in every shift of its govermient's policy. Cooking Oait Mani, In the first place, be sure that you have a good quality of the meal, for there is a wide dlifference in kinds. (Jet that which is i reshi-as when old it becomes bitter 111d ii possible that which is unmixed with shorts or other kinds of flour. The coarser grades are usually the purest andl best. F~or a family of live or bix take two small teaoupfuls of the moat, putt it ieto a two-quart basin and miix with it a large even tablespoonful of salt; then pour on bioiling water, eti rrmg the imieal as you do so, tiil within an inch andi a quarter of the tolp of the basin. Set the basin on top of thme stove, anid stir enough to p~revent meal settling or sticking on the bottom. Let it remain on thme stove ive or ten nun utes, or till the meal has become fully in corporatedl with the water, then set isaide your steamer, which cover closely, and keep tihe 'n ater undler it bollinig for an hour and a half or two hours, stirring up once in the time, then remove from thme fire and carry to the table. It will be light anti moist, but iiot salvy, and every grain will be separate and swelled to its utmost extent. My favorite way ot serving it is cold, with an abundance of good milk, and by good milk 1 meaii milk with the cream stirred in and a little extra cream added. Eat like mush and milk. Tr~y it and see if you do not pronounce it bettor than when cooked in the old fashioned way of boiling in a kettle and stirring till done, as you have to do to keep it, from settling aiid burning on the kettle, by which pro cess it becomes, by the time it is readiy to serve, a sticky conglomeration, not, aj~pe tizing to the sight of toothsome to the taste. Sometimes, if the meal be very fine or nuxed with shorts of other flour, it wvill cook In humps when the boiling water is poured on; in which case, wet first with very little cold water, then fIlli up with the boiling, but, the better grades of meal will not trouble in this way. -This process is also good for cooking rice. It saves watch ing and stirring and makes it perfectly tender without breaking the kernels and cooking them into a mmah. --At a fruit and flower tent at a faslh ionable London entertainment one beau tiful young married lady, sold a button.. hole bouquet for $50.. One ?twQ geim, tlemeni olleoted snu'eh nioney c~harg ing five shilliw a to point out and br the professio baities,