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Geolog aad UitorlY. ihe relation between physidal condi, in and history in its wider accepta O being thus fundamental, it may be ,*el to consider ia somewhat greater tal the special reactions of a single lerably definite portion of the natutal environment upon human development. For this purpose we may choose the science of geology. It might eem at first sight thatgeolegical facts had very little to do with the course of history. tooks and clay, lying often far beneath the surface, and comparatively disre garded till a late stage of civilization, would appear far less important in the evolution of mankind than plants and animals, geographical situation and 'meteorological conditions. But, though 'doubtless of inferior practical interest to these superficial phenomena, the ge ological construction of the soil is yet pregnant with innumerable reactions upon the life of human beings who dwell upon its surface. I hope to show in the sequel that the rocks or minerals which lie beneath the thin coating of the earth and vegetation have always exerted an immense though often un suspected influence upon the history of man. And I shall choose most of my examples from well-known facts of the British Isles, only diverging elsewhere very occasionally for the sake of more striking or more conclusive instances. To begin with, it must be pi emised that geological conditions were of con paratively less importance in the primi tive times, and have increased in their practical relation to humanity with every additional step In general cul ture. This is only what we must expect from the nature of the case. Man's connection with his environment has necessarily grown more and more com plex as his evolution proceeded. Soil becomes a matter of interest sooner than building-stone; potter's clay precedes copper or iron ore as a valuable object; metals of every kind are earlier requir ed than coal. The mere savage needs nothing more from the mineral world than Aint for his arrow-heads and ochre for his bersonal adornment. A little later he requires bronze for his hatchet, gold and amber for his rude Jewelry, clay for his hand-molded earthenware. A still more advanced race will learn to prize silver for coins, lapis lazuli for gems, brick-earth for Assyrian temples, granite for Egyptian colossi, marble for Hellenic boulpture, and iron for Roman swords. Only at very late period of development will mati begin to be largely affected by the neighborhood of zinc, lead and mercury, of rock-salt, kaolin, and plumbago, of salt-quarries, marl pits, and pipe-clay beds. Last of all will come the economic employment of coal, which in our own island has caused the aggregation of densely massed populations around the great centers of Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds, Shegield, Newcastle, and Birmingham. Can Anlanals Talk. A dog sometimes looks as though he was thinking a thing out, and dog stories are very wonderful; but after all, the cleverest dog that ever lived yet has never been able to got beyond 'Bow-wow,' and we may safely predict that no dog will over acquire even the simplest elements of human know ledge, But what, is the real barrier be tween the dog's mind (if the term may be used) and t.he simplest elements oj human knowledge? it consist in this fact; that the vocal organs of the dog are so constructed that it is impossible for him to articulate a word. is vocabulary, however, already oxtendi a long way beyond "Bow-wow." T<k begin with, there are so many different meanings to "Bow-wow''or to "Wowv' (short and sharp) alone, as some one said a lady could give to the word "dear," according to its position in a sentence and the emphasia with which it was pronouncedl. But besides s1T1n 'Bow-Wn ..1, gg W'hines. A n -'ere are many different meaningi (which, however, we are sometimes tot Sstupid to understand) in the whaning Iof a dog. We have no fear that dogi or any other of the brute species wl: furnish competitors for the prizes i< be attained by human knowledge; foi we observe a barrier between man anc brute fixed, and intentionally fixed, b3 creative power. When we find in the lower creation, as amongst birds, the power of articulation, there the Intel, ligence is absent which could employ that power for its own development and where, as in dogs, we find conspi cuous tokens of intelligence, there th< power of articulation is totally absent Parrots can be taught to repeat any words, but they never can make up foi themselves a now phrase out Of-t< materials in the shape of words tha they may have acquired. The natura utterance of many birds, though con veying no meaning to themselves,is dis tinotly articulate, and sonmc times I identical in sound with words thia have a meaning to us. But it is th' nightingale that possesses the power o articulation to the fullest extent amnonj the species below us. Tihere are raee of men whose languages do not emplo; so many sounds as there are ini thi nightingale's song. Vowels, conso nants of various kinds, siblants in eluded, even double consonants, as .X Z, are recognised in it by the humai ear. Bird language has, In anothe respect, a remarkable resemblance t human language. To a conalderabh extent it has been acquired, 4, e., lear n by each individual. If a bird be separa ted from its own species very soon afte it is hatched, and placed with birds o a different species, it learns the song c the latter. If isolated altogether, It song Is much less clear and less varied Yet canaries brought up by their par -ents even in the midst of alien bird * ' earn the canary song. Bi 2ngle belts may be used with econo myas wide as twelve in ahes, but wher geter width is required they should b My o ouble thickness. All belts eigh ' tohes wide and more are out of th ~'r q~tr~of b e, lengthwise of tb '4~ ~1lSA~~ary to insure thel AGRICULTURA. ULUANI DAMMDIATELY.-There is a good fraction of success in buttei making deendent on the proper clean. Ing of dairy untensils. Some appeal to think It will do just as well to wall a few hours before the milk-pails ar washed and scalded; that the churt may stand half or a whole day befort being washed and the germs of deca] killed by heat; that the cream pall maj be used for several batches of crean before thorough cleansing, becausi sweet cream is going into it again; tha the butter worker may stand until yoi want to use It again before scalding because it will be then freshly cleansei when you use it, etc. There i altogether too much of this heedlesi way of carrying on butter making The nitrogenous portion of milk(casein furnishes just the substance require4 for ferments, for the development o erms wholly inimical to pure milk o: utter. These ferments remain in th, crevices of wood, or the seams of ti vessels, and unless they are dislodgoq by immediate cleansing, it require boiling or steaming, for a considerabl, length of time, to dislodge them Every utelasil, after each use, must b, Immediately cleansed if you wish t prevent taints in your milk, cream o: utter. Wooden pails are now die, carded from use by the patrons o cheese factories, because they canno be trusted to properly cleanse them. If they were immediately subjeetet to steam heat or boiling water afte: each use, they would be sweet, bu this steam or boiling water requires v4 penetrate every pore. The dairymai or operator cannot be too prompt It cleansing dairy utensils. PIGEONs ON TIE FARM.-NO one cat visit a poultry show without beinj struck with the great numbers an( variety of pigeons. It Is not unusua to find hundreds of them on exhibition and a score of varieties. These hav not been favorite birds with farmers as they regard theni as inclined to pul ul) corn and scatter their excremen about the barn. As for their reputatloi for inischelf, they are in this respec like other birds, charged with th4 idamage done, but not credited with tho good they do. Pigeons are great scav engers, devouring multitudes of in sects, and among others the cankei worms, which do much damage t< apple trees. Judging from my own ex. perience, which have not been limited they do four-fold more good than mis chief. An for their dirtying the prem. ises, this is the fault of tMe farmer Furnish them a convenient dove cote and keep tight barns, and the excre, mont will be found where it can be pu to good use as a fertilizer. Squabs arn becoming a favorite dish with tho wealthy people, who are willing to pa3 a high price for them, and farmer should see to it that the market Is sup plied with such food as is in demand an( pays well. It is a pleasant feature oi a farm house to see doves flying arouin it. They give animation to a scenm which, otherwise, might be a lirtlh lifeless; and as they pick up their owt living mainly, and are very prolifio, j good dish for home and for market cat be cheaply furnished. BEET PULP as CATrTLE FECD.-Sinc4 the subject of beet sugar h as been ex tensively discussed this last spring it this and adjoining counties, any infor. mation on the subject will doubtless b4 read with interest. The time is prob ably not far distant when our farmer will raise beets for sugar, and they maj wish to know how to utilize all the re fuse beet plpI after a portion of th< sugar is extracted. A ton or beet pulj contains more nitrogeneous matter more starch, more potash, and mor< phosphates than was contained in the ton of beets, and must be a very desir able food for milch cows, The pull can be preserved much in the same wai that green fodder is preserved in soils but with less trouble and at a muel less cost; because the pulp is in sue! a condition that, if thrown into a pit the air would be almost entirely exclu ded without applying any force to pres It diown. ButS if tightly compressed wvhich may be done with a piece c scantling, three by four or three b~ two, striking the pulp dIown with th end, it may be kept without any troubi for six months, which would carry., stock tiil there was grass in thrp$asture Trhouigh this pulp has nM been gene rally used, it haA.,'been fed in sul lictent quantiti-Wto leave no doubt al to its real Vah'%e. A cow will generalla~ get twW114 four pounds of pulp twice .A uay, which with one-th)ird less ha) than usual, will carry her through the winter season in good condition. Tax MOST SUITABLE Doo.-The fox terrier is a smallish dog,weighing fron eighteen to twenty-five pounds. He is active, intelligent, kind, vigilant obedient, cleanly, honest, faithful healthy and capable of performing hil work in the most satisfactory mannmer No stray animal can invade the premi ses with implunity day or night Every unusual noise must be accountet for. The (derangements of the house o1 barns arc learned by him and reportea by him in a buiniess way. Foxes skunks, rats, weaseis, minks, stray cati andl all other marauders are expellet fromi the p)remises on the pain of death in a word, wve regardl the fox-terrier al the most suitable dhog for the farm. Sr.ATs von Fr'.oons.-Cattle and pigi and sheep can be kept far better and 11 more perfect health by the use of spar, or slats for floors. For pigs, sheep ani calves place the slats from a thIrd' ti half' an inch apart and have a pit below into which all the refuse can fall an, whence it can be easily removed. Ti slats should be about th ree inches broad "'e t e*.n te. "'ebeeni a workin' like all posses sod to-day," saId Col. Solon, as h borrowed a paper from theolocal editor "So; what have you been doinig ?" r"My wife, ye see, has the rheuma a tics; an' 'twas wash-day ; so she sea t . me, sez she, "Solomon, the water I: the cistern is out, an' I can't was without cistern water, and my rheunms tIcs is so bad that I can't fetch it.' 8uj r ticiently profundicated, sez I, 'Saill y I'll bring tihe water.' An' I brough a twenty-five pails of water from in t noeghbor's wveli an' poured ft into tha . cistern, an' then I pumped ever r blamed drop out for the wvashIin g' Mighty hard wor k." f "Why, in the name of cc nnon sense m didn't you put the water in the tubi .instead of turning it Into the cister: - and pumpIng it out again?" said th m editor. "Coz," said the Colonel, bristlin up, "coz, in the name of common sense .she had to have cistern water i.e was a with, yer darned fool." t Wheels, drums, or pulleys for wir s rope, should be at least 30 timesyth s size of the wire, and larger if practice r ble, as the farger the pulley the less wear 0n the rn. All"~ 130?8 AND SMALL PIUTS.--20vs farms, like boys in other places, we money,and are often sorely troubl6d obtain it. They scarcely like to ia their parents for itioney to buy articl that please their fancy, and they ha but few op tunities to work out, I when neigboring farmers wish hire help, there is lenty of work 4 the farms where they belong. Tli best chance to earn money appears be in cultivating some crop at hor that requires small capital to enga t In. a small amount of land for its pr duction, but which produces a co siderable amount of money. The smi fruits are excellent In these respec They may be set out at times when 1 soil is too wet to work to good advat age, and may be cultivated at odd hou when there is but little to do in t fields. They require but. a smi amount of land, and produce mo money from an acre than any fat crop. THRE KINDS OF GRURL.-Oatmeal Into one quart of boiling water sprini two tablespoonfuls of oatmeal; let tt boll forty minutes and season wi salt, strain, and serve. It sugar, ml or cream is wished, it may be add( Indian Meal-One quart of boiling w t ter; stir into this one [able spoonful flour and two of Indian meal, mix with a little cold water. Boll thir r minutes. Season' with salt and stral Use sugar and cream if you choose. flour Is not liked, use another tab] spoonful of meal instead. Flour Gru -Let one quart of fresh milk come a boil, and then stir in one tablespoo ful of flour which has been mixed wi milk enough to make a smooth past boll this mixture thirty minutes, bel careful not to let it burn. Season wI salt, and strain. TAPIOCA PuDDIN.-Three ounces tapioca, three gills of milk, one, tabl spoonful of sugar. two eggs, one sa spoon of grated nutmeg. Cover t tapioca with cold water twelve hoti before the pudding is to be prepare and let it soak in this until require Drain the tapioca, when about to i thoroughly of the water, put into saucepan and pour over it the mil place It over the fire and stir slow until the milk boils. Take the sat pan from the fire, place the eggs at sugar in a bowl, and beating them tc cream, mix this with the tapioca, ai milk in the sauce-pan. Grease wi butter a deep pudding dish, pour in it.the pudding, sprinkle over the t the grated nutmeg, and put all to ba] in a moderate oven for half an hou CHOW CHOW.-Two heads of cabbag two heads of cauliflower, one dozen cucumbers, six roots of celery, a pppers, one quart of small white o lons, two quarts green tomatoes; c into small pieces and boll each veg I table separately until tender, th4 P strain them. Two gallons of vinegi one-fourth pound of mustard, on fourth pound of mustard seed, one p of French mustard, one ounce of clov two ounces of turmeric; put the viii gar and spices into a kettle and I them come to a boil; mix the vegetabi and pour over the dressing. CUnRANT JXLLY.-Plek and wa your currants; mash them with wooden spoon in the preserving kettl and let them simmer for ten minut after they have come to a boil; thi strain through a flannel bag and a to every pint of juice a pound of iui sugar, boil rapidly for ten or fifte minutes, skimming the syrup; put glasses while hot but do not close th< Suntil the jelly is perfectly cold. BUTTERED APPLECS.- P'eel a doz, apples, first takinig out the cores wi a tin scoop. Butter the bottom of' nappy or tin (dish thickly. Then p the apples into it. Fi up the coi with powdered sugar. Sift powder cinnamon or grated lemon peels. Pc a littie melted butter over t.em, ai bake twenty minutes. geyp cream sauce. ,. 3 !lINT&iere is nothing that male I ,f-J'esher andl prettier colored gard 7 walk than fresh tan-bark, It is latal .grass and weeds, aiid can be renew with a very thin coating. Coal asi .also makes a very firm pretty wal Shade is death to the garden. If I trees that cut off the sun are tee val able to be removed, then have thi topped. It improves their healthfi ness and makes their shade less deni Ricn CIC.AM.-Two heaping tabl spoons of raw rice, one quart milk, t' tablespoons sugar, a little salt; ba one hour or an hour and a half, sti ring frequently while baking. TI oven should be a quick one. COLD WATER GINGECIRRMAD.- 0 eup of molasses, one cup cold watt half cup butter, one teaspoon of sot one of ginger, a little salt, fio enough so that the mixture will dr from the spoon. WAsn FOR INFLAME(D Es.-Ta Iten drops extract of' tead (Lihe liquor the acetate of lead); distilled vinoga t our drachnms; distilled water, fo ounces. 1 CHIILILAIN LINIMENT. - Mix o fluid ounce rectitied oil of turpentli fifteen drops suiphnrlc acid, and ta 1 ounces olive oil ; rub gently on t > chilblains twice a dlay. 1 ~ 110 .'intI Laie. 3 Some ye.mra ago D)r. RI V. P'ierce, -the WVorld's D)lspenmsary anid 1uv'alh Hotel, of lBuhlalo, N. Y., and Londc was sent for to oxaminie a terrible (1 ease ot tihe knee-joint, resulting 'ulceration and extensive sloughimag S the bone and tissues. The man's I .had been dlesp)airedi of by the p)revio attendants. Amputation at tihe thi; was prompitly dlecided upo~n and ski * fully p)erformed by Dr. Pi'erce, and1( & after treatmenit to pulrily the blood a prevent a recuarrence oi thle mialy [doteetr's Golden MedIcal Discovery w -freely prescribed. TheIm man's syst< was thoroughly purlilled amnd strengt enced, lie rap)idily gai ned ii health, t ,stump healing nicely, anid he is to-il t a happy man. Tis case wais amio the first, in which this wumiderful blot Spurifier was tested, it, has smee mal feSted its wondierfuml power ove r I V worst scrofulous anid other blood d .eases. Tiake.a for a time it, so putril and strengthiens thme syst om as toistror ly fortify it against, t,he encroahmemc " of diseases. So(l y diruggists. u MII)D.EvmJr.r.E, Mich., Feb . 15.hm, 18 ri lon. Ri. V. PIacE: e De.tr Sir-I would say that I hr sold your medicine for seven yea Tihie Golden Medical Discovery is t best cough remedy I have ever us ,and in every case where 1 haive reco tmended it, it has etired. I have us it in my famuly for my children. cures their colds and coughs in a dl e or two. My wife has used it sevel e times when down sick. It invarial ,, gives immediate relief. Its sale * eases datily .KTh,Du HUMOROUS. A lil|Di looking custome', Who wai ut di'inking a glaos of beer in a Larnet to street saloon -Detroit and glanoiu ek from tho man behind the bar to the es open door as he sipped, suddenlj ve asked: or "ils, this saloon any particular to motto?" aayprlua )n "I guess not," was the reply. ir "Most every such place always has a to motto of some sort.' ne "Yes, I pellef so; but I hat no need 9e of one. All der buplick understands 0- dot if dey doan' bay for vat dey drinki n I pokes deir headt mid a glub, und dol answers shust as well." s. The seedy drinker paid for his, and he it took his ast cent to do it. it rs 1 it 11.5blo e That a remedy muado of such common l simple plants as Hops, Buchu, Man re drake, Dandelion, &c., makes so many ,i and such marvelous and wonderful cures as Hop Bitters do? It must be, for when old and young,rioli and koor, Pas tor and Doctor, Lawyer and Editor, all :10 testify to having been cured by them, its we must believe and dopbt no longer. tk See other column.---Pose. d. Boy-"Mother sent these cherries tc a- you, Mis' Smith." Mrs. Smith-"Oh of thank you, darling I But Isn't your ed mother afraid she'll rob herself?" Boy Ly -"I rather guess not, mum; she said a. as how they was all Rpilln' on the tree if and wouldn't be good for nothin' but o- swill by to-morrer. So she said bring 13. you some, mum; you might as well to have 'em as the hogs." Mrs. Smith n- "Your dear mother is ,so thoughtful." th But she confidentially told Mrs. Jones, e ; who afterwards conildentially told it to ng all the neighbors, "I'd a died befor6l'd tI a touched one of 'em, the stingy old thing." of A N anxious father was consulting le- one of the Wall street magnates as to it- what business he should put his son to. he "My boy, sir," said lie, "has had a first ,rs rate education and Is remarkably truth d, ful." "1 don't see much good in that," d. said the Wall street man, jingling the 1o, double eagles in his breeches pocket; a "none of the successful men I know k ; are truthful. Better make your boy an ly apothecary; that's the only busi e. ness I know of where deceit does not id pay in the long run." id VROETINF. Is now acknowledged by th our best phyalcians to be the only sure to and safe remedy for all diseases arising Dp from inpire blood, such as scrofula ke and scrofulous huluors. tr. THnRE was an elephant that ball been e, !rained to play the plane "!'. Itstrunk of in a show. One day a new piano was ix bought for it, but no sooner had the n- elephant, touched the keys than it burst ut into a flood of tears. "What ails you, ;e- Kiouni ?' asked its keeper. The poor )n boast could only point to the Ivory r, keys. Alas I they were made of the e- tusks of his mother. ot )8, A SACRAMENTO girl was guilty of a c- mean trick the other day, the relation let ot which will cause the blood of every es mother in :.the land to curdle with horror. She eloped with her objec tionable lover the same day her mother 4iwas enamelled, and as the latter was a compelled to remain shut up three day. le or else crack all over, the couple min - Z8 aged to get away without pursuit. ld "My daughter, never tell any one LId dagtr 1)your private affairs,"'said a mother in sending her daughter away upon her tirst journey. "Monsieur, a ird-class ticket, if you please," said the daugh ter at the ticket ofilce. "For where ?' asked the emnpioye. -"Is that any of your business?" ansawered mademol. thi mother's advice..ghe a ut SOMn littl. girls in a Brooklyn Sun es d iy SchlooYiwere studying the history ed of David4/the passage for the day being ur that WIrthl describes the shepherd boy'a &,'Jl6tory over Gohiath. The teachei thi asked the question, "Now can any 01 you lttle girls tell me who killed the giant ?" Quick as thought one of thn ;cs smallest responded, "Jack." to "I'M a census-Laker," he said, emil. ed ing in the doorway. "All right, bul es you miusn't in-cen-sus," said the mar k. of the house, and he was immediately lie arrested and lined $100, according t< u- law. FRED (to Torn, who has looked ie. through Fred's MS.):tl "You didn'l knowv I was an author, eh?" Tom (tc SFred); "No, I didn't; and if you taken ye my advice you won't let anybody els ke know if you can help it," eA FREcNcH actress. wiho wvas gradu. ated fronm the laundry, asked an old manager what lie thought was het "stineof uin-s' Glancing al "The clothes line still, Mademoiselle.' ur~ Muts. CooDL.E was telling Jane thai 01) the potatoes had an oniony smell, when that monster Coodie suggested ke that perhaps they had been cooked ir ofa saucepan with a leak in it. rr, A woMAN wh'io wont to a concert t< ur hear Blind Trom "play by ear" sayi that she was swindled, and( wants the fraud exposed. She says that insteat "of playing by ear hoplayed with hiu fingers, just like other performers. lie Where the farmers wife has largen washing to do, she can save halt heti time and labor by using Dobbin's Elee. trio Soap, (made by Cragin & Co., Phi. of lad'a.) One poundl of it is equal U< la' three of any other. Try it. i- "WViIAT is anu abbreviation ?" Schola: in-"A shortening." TIeacher -"Yes iC ive me an example." Scholar-Som4 usfolks use butter ; buit mother says thai ilard is good enough for anybody." 11 "D)ocTon,'' said aI careful ,vife to thu as5 practitioner, who was cutting oen he rid husband's shirt as lie was in ailtof apo li p)lexy, "cut, if you please, along th as seam." hi- Svohuws first heard at a mother' lie knee arc never wholly forgotten. Bu aiy rules of conduct Jlrat enforced at thii ng same plaice leave a far more vivid im d-. pressioni. lie A great impj.rovemienit ha~s recently is- beeni maide ia that useful prodiuct CAa. les n1oc.NP., ai deodorized extract of petro ig- leum, wvhiich is the only artile that re, its ally cures bald ness. It Is now the fineui of hair d1ressings. 79. A PnIRACuIKn at'nlcago advocates th ye introduction of lady ushers ia church r's. to make the young men attend. he ed' "WuIrtC there's life there's soap,' in- said the industrious washerwoman, It Anx You Ilwirr sus hat you are so p ist ay C8yiconsltItufted as tu be~ exempt Jr. mI all at Liii of75 ramps. unolera Mt.rbuu, iarrbcea ei YVIiyore net I' wvould be prudent topo kloyorslf w ir. Jayae's Crarminatuve al! n-. earn a afe medicilne for ihise alio bons, and sure cuaiefor summer Uomplan and al Dt seases ot theowl,i er c ro Tax to tw uty years of success for rempedy that has in that time nev< been found wanting in all that claimed for It, certainly ought to gli afinfidenoe., to those that have not tri simmons' Liver Regulator. Tne trh ot it is attended with no auconveniene no dangeri,no doubt; if it will not cui you it can possibly do you no harm and in no 6ase of Bilious 11,jadach Constipation, Liver Disease, or its q tendant evils has it ever been know to fail. "I certify that my wife an.1 se were in bad health for some liftee years. I chanced to be louking ovt one of your almanacs and saw A. I Stephens' and Bishop Pierce's names testimonials. I then obtained some 4 the regulator, and can heartily recon mend Simmons' Liver Regulator to a friends as an excellent medicine. "Z. E. HARRIsON, M. D., "Gordonsville, Va.," Giant Trees. The noted botanter and geologis John Muir, has been for a'long tin making an extensive examination int the land wherp the Sequoia Gigantic the great California tree, can be foun He says the northern limit is a litt above the 38th and the southern a trfl below the 36th parallel and the lowei place where the tree can be found is v an elevation of about 5,000 feet aboa the sea level, and a few of the trees oa be found above 8,000 feet, though her and there a straggler is seen as muc as 8,400 feet higher than the sea. Unt this examination it was thought n< more than 25 of these trees were ati standing, but he proved differentil Mr. Muir's report, made to the Amer can Association of Science, is long an exhaustive. He say the trees averag about 275 feet in height and 20 in dia meter, but there is quite a number the reached 26 by 300 feet, and oocasionall one that was 30 feet in diameter b more than 300 in height, and there wa the stump of one from which the bar had been taken of that was 85 feet inches across, and must have measure about 41 feet, as the bark onther tree show that that on this one could no have been less than two and a half fee thick. How to Uet Sick. Expose yourself day and night, ea too much without exercise; work to( hard without rest; doctor all the time take all the vile nostrums advertised and then you will wiant to know HOW TO Gr WELL. Which is answered 1.1 three words--Tak Hop Bitters I See other column.-Ex press. Ice Machnes and Vapor Engines.-It I a very curious fact that the vapors < volatile liquids, such as those of ethei carbon disulphid, etc., or conderisabl gases, such as carbon dioxid, sulphu dioxid, etc., can be and have been i!se as well for the generation of power a of refrigeration. In a former articl we have described their use for the lai ter purpose; in the next article we giv a description of their use for the evolt tion of powoj,, or for the change of hev into s"';ion by the intervention of tli voatlzation of the liquid. It is in th case nothng but a substitution of tli liquid and its vapor in the place of wi ter and steam commonly used for tran forming heat into motion. Refrigeri tion is the reverse process, it is tI change of motion into heat; this through the condensation by the punmi which, while condensing the vap< into liquid by pressure, causes th change of its own motion, and of ti power driving it, iuto heat; this he is carried off by the water of condens tion, and the liquefied vapors, by b ing re-evaporated again, absorb munh heat as they gave off, when coi denied to a liquid; that is, in othi words, they becomo so cold that th will cool surrounding bodies to a tee perature below the freezing point water. .Prof'essor W. Matthieu Williams coe mends this method of annealing 4 toughening to the attention of man! facturers engaged in the production steel that is to be used for purpose whe; tenacity rather th in hardness is demai ded : The steel is brought to a brig] red heat, and ia then plunged into boi ing water. He has tried this plan upc many samples of steel, from mild Be semer to the hardest of the old-fai soned Sheffield pot steel, and he stati that he obtained better results than I could secure by any process of a toughening or slow cooling. Whie the steel is plunged into the bolinr water it is evidently surrounded by film of vapor, and is not in actual eel tact with the water, which assum4 the "spheroidal" state, and so remali until the metal has cooled consider bly. Professor Williams suspects tih the toughenIng is due to the uniform ty of cooling thus effected. A steam boiler feams either becau it has insufficient steam room, or on a cotent of dirt or grease in the boIler,4 the feed water. Tihis trouble is olt< experienced with new boilers, ar disappears when they become clean. Brass pins are whitened by lot boiling in oopper vessels containir block tin. The process of making whi iron pins is still a secret. There a eight pin factories in the United State with an annual production of about 'I 000,000,000 pins. The best cement will hardon in abo five or six minutes, and under water about an hour; when mixed with sai it takes a little longer. When mix, with sea- water and used in sea-wat with a large quantity of sand it mi take even twenty-four hours bofo setting. PROPEsso-"W hat are the constit eats of quarts ?" Student-"P,nts." bland smile cieeps over the class. An Old Janctor'st Adv'co. It was this . "~ Tlrust in oal andi ke your bowels open." For this purp< take Kidney-Wort-for no other reme so eiectually overcomes this com tion, and that without the dlistre*ss a' griping which other medicines canm --Rolipse. Din. FLaOIx, for thrmy years one of the mc succees:ui educator. in tihe country, offt greatly redne d rates for c>oard and tuition our advertising eolumns. is school is I eated on the Hudion iliver and in the me healthy and beauiifui location. Detter wri and offer what you can afford to pay, and a his reply. Perfect Success. 0. HI. Blecken, 1M. D., of Minneapo: Minn., saysi 1 ' saw Hunt's Reomedy nemed a case of Dropsy with perfect e3uccess. 1 a not treat the patient, but four attending p1 sicians had given up the ease as hopele Hunt's Beed was then used with pert< mucees. and te patient is welL. I shall ~i Heats ie!iedy Ia Dr3peical and Kidney I) esss.' Tria sis% 75 oenta, A tiood nVesllneseut, i Investors should read the advertisement of the old-established banking house of Jamues A M. Drake & Co., New York City, who seli a e good seven per cent. R. It. Bond tor 95 and fI aoorued interest, with bonus In eapital stock 4 of the company. ATUllS REM . 1YVIGETIN THE OREAr BLoo Ut"iFIE i WILL OURE 6orofula, Scrofulous Humor, Cancer, Cfaneerols if iIumor BrysI!elaQ, Canker. Bait Rhoum, 1. Pamplos or lumor In the Face, Coughs 0 and Cold4 Ulcers. Bronchitis, Nou ralgia. iyspopsia, Ithounatim, Pains In the Side, COlstipa tion, Costiveness. Plies, Dizziness, Ileadactoe, Nervousness, Pains in the Back, Falntness at the Stomach Kidnoy Complaints, Female Weakness and General Deblitty. This preparation is a0lentifically and ohemi. cally combined, and so strongly co:centrated froin root, herbs l4nd barks, that its good or. fects are realized imedi,ttoly after commeno. Ing to take It.. There is no disease of the hu. ty man ,ystoin for which the Vegeine cannot be 0 used with perrectsartty, as it ao,m not contlan any motalli compound. For Iradicating the 0 system of all impuritivs of the blo d it has no equal. It has nuver failed to effect a Oure, giv Ing tone and stroogth to the system debilitated 13 by disonse. It, wonderful tfects upon the con plaints name(I are surprising to all. Many have 0 een cured by he Vogreine th.tt have tried o many othdr remedies. W can well be called The Great Blood Purifier. e .Remarkable Oure of Sorofulous Faoe. 0 WVESTMINST814, CONN., Juno 19, IST9. h MR. H. R. STEvsNs: Dear Hir-I can testify to the good effect nf - t your medicine. My little boy had a Scrofula sore bro k out on his head as argo as a quarter of adollar, and it went town his face from one ear to the other. under his neck, and was one solid mass of sores. Two bottles of your valu ble Vegotine completely cured him. Very respectfully, MRS. 0. R. THIATCHER. Vegotine. PREPARED BY s H. R. STEVENS, Bostons Mass. j 8 Vegetine is Sold by all Druggists. INVESTMENT BONDS. Mortgage 7FGr ld Bonds Per Cent. OF THE t FT. MADISON A NORTIIWE3TERN RAILWAY 00. ) DATFD APRIl, 1, 1880, anA DUE IN 190. Bonds or $5o anol 0oo0 each. Prineisal and Inater-eat a'ayable in iold In New York. UNION TRUsr eO., New York,TRUSTEE. Tnal h or ltta, 1On mles; wh1olo issue of Bonds, $700.000, lette 67,000 ipr tu1.0. ] lio. atito (f roal-from uit y of Fort ladison, Iowa, 1 on Blis.tssippi itiver, to City of OF0.1loosa. Iowa. 1 In1terest payill. April Ist and October lst. For ale at 93 ann4 neerned interes. witia eni-1 500 fand stone stld there will S be A'S'Cnas 41 Iut s 0018100 and $200 respect Ive vy i Athai aid eatitsal stoclt olthe CijC1ts for,I&r.' or for further information, ie ir;, c.. t;lituldblbt itdoto r JAMES M. DRAKE & 0., Bankers, C] Drexel Unilding, 29 Wall St., N. Y. .8 0 The Purest and Best Medicine ever Made. Aco mbination of Hops, Buchu, Man o drak 0 and Dandelion, with all hbest and most e ura tivo pr6perties of all other Bitteri, mak e tho grmeatest Blood Purifier, Liver . Regul ator, and Life and Health iestoring e Agent on earth. 8 No disease a an possibly long exist where Hop Bittrsa aus od,so varied and perfoct are their e operatio - They give new I foadvigor tothsagsd ndinirm. I- To all whose o mnploymtenitscause irregalari . ty oftho bowelsor urinary organs, or who ro. quite an Appetizer Tonio andi ild Stinulant, 0 Hiop Bitters are inval uable, without intOK" No atter. whatyour to lings or symptoms arc what the disease or all moent is use Hop Bit I'tea's. Don't wait untilygou a re sick but if you 8e only feel had or miserable, Use them at once. O it may save your life.it has avyed hundreds. *500 will be paid for a a so they will not e ure or help. Do not suffer or let your friendis ~- suffer',but use and urge them to use Hop * S Remember, flop Ditter's Is no vil, drugged drunken noatrum, but the Purest a n d Best S Medicine ever madote the "iNYAMIDs 133END i- and 110P'" and nos person Or family Should be without them. is ranen as o lun isstbe cund Rochester.W,Y amn Toranto. n"t. 0OSTEITE - it I n I '8 n g Defensive RKedieation rTa a precauition which should never be neglected ' when dlangor Is present,, and theroro a course d of the Bitters at tils season Is particularly de sirable, especially for the feeble and sickly. As a remedy for biliousnet., dyspepsia nervous. ness. and bowel comp)laintS, there ?s not,hing 10opaal to this wholesome rostoratlve. For' sa I)tllDuggliss aund Dealers generally. te p1i0'i0 COPYINO AOENTa WANTED for the -0f~an rliyua e1c, Iy Wet1 ' 8tree. N~ ," A YEA Rand expenses to agent ~~Ot tfit Free. Address P.O. VIOKERlY, Augusta, Me. yr an y the use of rRY re anid toneto the disessed organs, an th outhem hue~.Kd diseaseso that os s -owmj Aleehll u. ttem, .achd e A (ill send poet paid.) the a st mti invitils' olin atm id casts ha:vm inttiiy bee'n trenited. Dr. P5ierece's F' 0. 2'r te,andl hat becomne justly clebratead for its WEAKNESSES P'ECU s aori Tt'rletis a poelIlestoralv Ir rthrem, restorin,g It to benithti vior. The followin eand barrenanem, or Bier lily, whi en tnot emtised hy'st et (see lnvil,Is' (ItiI'l It"o, a'nt fr otis stiainp, or he FavorIte l'rctripiion is sold uinder a posItive guai "D)O LIIKEWiaF-"- Mrs. l.. F. Mora,oNeC was a dlreatdfiul stit-crer fromt uterine trotab'flew. Ca comipietel/ tdiscurageand. oea I could wt is, oat rl)er'reeitlon' antd itaing the local n h ave hao Irot'able sine.n newrotetolet r v ao lId heen restotred, anti ofreringto setnd the nYutto rteu yce anti ali t'inei I use ata eanet 0ct tien, senit for tte 'Medials Adviser,' ne ye therein, anti were musch better aleadiy,$ ieree *- EVER T INVALID LADY should read '"The X'e Tre~i pardeyoled to ti eosideration of PER AN5NTLY OURES KIDNEY DIsEASES LIVER COMPLAINTS, Constipation and Pilem. L IT HAS WONDERFUL POWER. mse waa.t..et.La. n,a.sOWniaa #he EIDNUTB at te .sat a. Useause It oteanses the el of the ornhumorilithat deve n dny a r1nay dlesia Mes1&n Conettaon, sdisorder. 1ae package will take six qsef asedlis. TW4."L .ET 2WNXT3V & WRay It at the lrusists. Pese, $.0. Wrs, rCAMBON a O0., peoploters 12 (WI ead poest paid.) udiglnst., Vt. k NEW SCHOOL SONG BOOK JUST IL3U'r. SONG BELLS, A Now. Complete and mosatt.rative collectiosn of School songs, my 1. 0. EMERSON. BEND 50 CENTS FOR SPxCIMEN Copy, 3ooks for Sohools, Singing Schools, 0hoirs and Gospel Temperance Meetings. Welcome Chorus ($1.00). Now and extra good book for High Schools. . long Bells, (50 cia.) For Common Schools. White Robes, (30 ete.) For Sunday Schools. resue, (SI 00). For Choirs and Singing Folce of Woreip, ($1 00). For Choirs and luging Schoolt. rolnson' Iodthod for Singing Classes, (60 ets.) for Singitig schoois. remperance Jewels, (85 ots) Gospel Tem. pore qce work. remperance LXght. (12 Cts.) Gospel Tempe. ranou work. Oliver Ditson & Co., Boston. J. V4. DITSOK & (10. 12280 bestnut St.. Phila. WANTEBD--A Second-littid P ower Prianig Prepi Ucd. 42x4d. Address U. FK. reliogg, rivietand. N. J. CLAVERACK COLLEGE kN 1) HUDSON RIVER INSTITUTE, at Olavertak, . Y., threm miles fromn i uis-m anl plfht from Cats ill. Oofe nthe most ou cossril nu argest board n9giohoule In the country. File boys thoroughly or coilege. Full College Course for Women. Art, 6angitages and Music, npecialtics. 14 Instructors; O olututit. 02d YeRr opeols Septemiber 6. Pu itle sl - r upward reealv(-. Tern,! greatly ogince'd. tarsonil car in riiit try. Ad le6n, f Jtlgue alid tornij tit d f?, runt dopairtntunts ttiat 1i met the wants of ey-ry min, Itky. A1LONZO FLACK. PI. D., Prnident. ELGIN WATCHES IEu iA1ll tylv. old. Silver and Nickel.,9 15. hInetc..r snt0.o.. be exaritied. Write tor Catslgu to ' TANDAIID AMEiRIOAN WATROR 30., Pittsburgh, Pa. SPECTACLES, Microscopes, Thermometers, Eye Glasses, Op. )ra Glasses, Barom ters, at Greatly R8dUted Prsces. R. & J. BECK, 11hnracturing Opticians, Philadelphia. Send 3 gms for illustrated Catalogue o 144 pages, and nit in this pappr.9 MAKE HENS LAY. Iraveli ng i kiscountrysaysthat mnostoftheilorse tad Cattle Powders here are Worthless trash. He a as that t heridans a Uoudition Powders are abso lel pure and lmensel aluale Nothina on ew4ere ose, one tsnoon mtao o. pinth offe temps. I. S. JOlHS O~ A C0., Banger, Xe. AGENTS WANTED to sell t'ne LINE ON QEN. JAS.d GAFIL S. IBIN .n autorof wde celerIy i asia te. P'ositvely th esot and cheae, bo. None othor official. hrend SOc. at once for outit. We ive th best esn.Ad quick.a, uican FD Uhestnut hi., Phladelphia, Pa. SA PON IFIE R Ith Old Reliable Conentratet Lye for U'AMIIhi roistaking Mam, Soad WelleS Sap euekl.o ASKFO SAPONIFIED24 AND TAKE NO OTHER. PUNN'A SALT MANUN' CO., PHIA.A I.MPORLTANT TO AGENTS. THe LIFE OF GEN. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Bly his personal friend. mtajor BUNPsY, Editor N. Y, Mai , is the only edition to which Gema. Garfild lluetrated, rintd aid bound Ful legtk ste ~ortraittb Allfrve a pitur taken exereely for erms. Send 61.00 at once rer complete outfit, A,8. BARNEC & 0., and 113 WIliam Street. New York. ~EED'S CENTENNIAL' TU INE W.ATE R 1WH E L-The beet and chos p4tIn the world. orn for Cirmiar. J MATH,Gill ertevi1ke.otgego 5 MIhLL3(EOi Piantisi Will pack to reach yoh CA BA,c p "i:'&6%% pr 1,00 oAo wan.ta Conty, gh,et, La Plume,'Lacka. IADIEU ANDSTOR E-REErPRS-You cau Posta for our Pricn Lu, whvich enabe you to or ~f ierbh ,ana we keopwaor eale atsurpriiny lo rlcs, Wesond sanples of flamburge Laoes Rib onLnee rAc, if requested. We sell W ho1 esale md etal iar(lsh downa. A newy combinati.,u ma*62 and 5 pac ageso er eoos wpc cane ranted in every farmily Mai. nrentur rte'i ifnts siactory. H-tl.fUG1 Ti 'N & D)UT'TON, 55 Tr'ensnn St., Boston, Mass. Those answering an aavertisement wIl onfer a favor upon the advertiser and the llbaher by stating that they saw theadve.. *ment In thls Journaal (naming the paper.) 3CONSTIPATiON jAND PIIES.e 'ae woumsof aen Lwon@ Vend whvbe nyoeite Preecaption is tihe result or hls extetciledi many and renmarkable cures of till those chironlo die. LIAR TO FEMALEs. ono to the enliro astnt. It is a nerv-ino of un-t ition, it tattli ca a i le,i nor vetsaya-aa rtl a craty nar iafere a t dn-, vI. l4mucor mpla dowacas and s i head nehe; to ilt rietureo thei n ieck of iJie wonmb. Whent tihe lutier ethe ipdimenat to tho' bearIng of otsepviag Pnte., For condliions, see wrapper' arounde bottle. as,Lnoln C,Mane, says "Fv asag I wa dimiiycros ho ron a ae .r lC egan taking ie. In three yonths I was pv/c t cre ars tayone writ ng pe for them and encO(l esam to e'wisge . rom a IgreadesIea et?Nm ne di seof Favor to es s avor.ite t'rescription is sold bY ia druggls. RI MEDEE. AEI3A9UWs. a3PWAts. 3 ,