The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, June 08, 1880, Image 1
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TRI-WEEKLY EDITION, WINNSBORO, S. C., JUNE 8, 1880. VOL. IV.-1o.
L' 18 TOO BHORT.
Life is too short to waste
In unavailing tears'
Too short'to spend in boOtless grief,
In ooward doubts and fears.
Too short to give itlup
To pleasur6, or to now
One hour,in guilt, to yield at last
Eternity of woe.
Time lago not on Its way,
But spans our days In haste;
If life should lastp a thousand yeare
'Twero still too short to waste.
For, short-lived as we are,
Our pleasure yet, we see,
Evanimb eoon, they live.ludeed,
E'ou sh'rter.date than we.
But even with us here
B:de sorrow, pain and sare;
'Its 'lotted grief to bear.
To the old the end ij nigh
To the young far off it seems
Yet neit.er should dare to toy 4h life
Sor WsAke (tyin idbqjivag
For by'eaoh,' Time's ervant waits,
Though not for sorvant's wage ;
And the same worm nibbles the bud of youth
That knaweth the root of a3e.
Live, therefore, as he Ilv. s
Who earns his share of bliss
Btrive fot the prize that Virtuo wins
Lifo's not too short for this.
Perils of thaWilderness,
"I suppose o'saw'sohib pretty hard
times when you.first settle 1 in the Western
count'rll' : o64ce said.to ad'old piloneer.
"'Indeed I (id, sir I" he replied, with
the .lo?k of op who is. takiiga retrospec
tIve view. .' am an old tnan now, and
my. hair, yob4^e, is white-but it was . as
black as coal.i the nighti Wds snowed up
among Wolves, Alt, 11,e! that was a ter
rible night, air I and I never think of it,
e- but I involuntrally shudder at the recollec
tion, and t,hnk ,God that I was so wonder
fully prese'r''d ihioixgh it"
"Can I not prevail on you to tell re the
storyU .
"Oh, yes, I will tell It to you, as I hav6
told it to many others before you-so many,
in fact, I.that I have it quite by heart
thout,h if I had never inentionel the mat
ter from that day to this, I am certain I
should have no trouble now in recalling the
minutes detail, so. strongly are the facts
uipressec- upon my -memory.11
" It was just after the war of 1812, thai
I got married and took my wife; to a pur
chase I had made from government, withir
what is now the imits of the State of IllI.
nois. The Indamns, previous to this time,
had beeti someWhat troublesome to the set
tiers in that region ; but, after peace was
declar6d, toy brled tl)l hatchet;, and jw<
no lonker -ad afy occailo'n to lear theni.ir
the vicinity where I located myself.
" When I built ny cabin and moved into
it, with the few housekeeping articles I
had brought from the dastward, evbrything
around me looked gloomy enough, and my
poor wife sat down and had a hearty crying
spell from slicer home-sickness. I laughed
at her, and talking largely of what I was
going to do, and all that sort of thing; but,
to'tell you the honest truth, I felt a good
deal more like crying than laughing myself.
Our nearest neighbor was ten miles distant;
the only mill where we could get grlinding
done was fif teen ; all the stock I had in th<
world were;,the two~ horses which had
(liawn us and our effects out there, and
one of these was blind and the other lame;
while, to crown all, I hael no money, and,
besides seed grain, barcly provisions enoughi
to last us till early harvest."
"Now I suppose you wotuld like to ask,
what made me fool enough to venture int<
'a nrew country and set tip houkekedpius
tinder suich circumstances ; and I wil
answer you, that I was young, strong, pooi
and ambitious, and I thought, and so did
my wife, that this would b'e the only way
we cotild ever gain,au lndependenc...
" Well, things wvere not so bad ats they
might have been ; and I congogd myseli
with the reflebtlon Chat we !were a greal
-eoed better off tItan a goodl many oilher
who had settled in the wilderness befort
us. . My farm .was about -half woodlant
and half prairie-a rich, alluvial soil-ani
so, without being obliged to clear th<
ground fr$, Ikcom proeed to. pjow,,plani
and.sow at once, tuich Is did, it; beldg:tlth
-" We got through the summer very well.
all things considered, and our ci ops went
such as to make both of us look forwaie
with a degree of cheerfulnress anid hope
Mly wife, thouigh,not exactly contented an<
happy, had gbt over her first severe attacl
of home-sickness, and, tusing ali the phil
osophy and reason sihe was mstber of, hiat
become as resigned to he~r lot as I couh
expect. When I was with her, shre goner
ally seemed quite cheerfutl ; btut I had t<
be away mot- el' resssi .and during. my ab
Hence she . became tiid-i and low-spirited
always fearing that something wotuld hap
pen to me: For this reason I madec It
p)oint, no matter "where I went, to eihe
take her with nme, or return'home the sam,
night, oven though1 I might trot get in .til
late."
" One. plqasitnt morning, late- In thre fall
1 friotr4toed 'my blind horse anti get off fo
the mill4-tg get a gr$st I hand loft there, a
was tihe custom, a week before-telling mn:
wife I bad not the least doubt I should bi
back bogark.)g 'q- ~. ,
" 'And if you are not, Peter,' sIre said
'you Icnbw I shall be terribly frighteiied
and shall sit treAihbling by my :loneo fire til
- 1hear&yfod ioie;ti' o 1
"Poor Natheyi. shm little knew h6et
many long hours s1l4 would sit tremblini
alone before she would see me again; a
little did I d[ream what perils and suff
Ings would be mine before I should agi
cross the threshold of my humb'e dv
ling."
" I took my rifle and hunting knife w
me, hoping, a's had sometimes occurred,
might get a sliot at a deer; and if ni
there were more or less bears and wobi
about, and now and then some straggli
xidianq, and it was always best to go p
pared for -,whatevor one might chance
encounter."
" I reached the mill long before no.
and, had my grist been ready, I cot
easily have got home, as I had promis:
before dark; but it was not yet groun
and when I told the Miller how disappol
.d I was, and that we had not meal enon
in the house for more than two days,
said if 1 would wait he would try and hi
a bushel or so ready for me by four o'clo4
I thought of my timi wife, and lonely rl
in the dark and half resolved to go hoi
Ot once and 19tura .e next day ; but th
besides that it seemed foolish to make
entire journey again to save a few hou
there was by this time every appearance
a quick-gathering storm, and it might
impossible to get back for the grist befh
we should be actually suffering for I
want of bread; so, all things being di
considered, I concluded to wait."
"Now, as bad luck would have it, so
thing went wrong with the mill; and
stead of getting my grist by four o'cloi
us proiisled,.Ihs detained till near eig
by which time such a furious snow-sto
as riding, that the miller advised me,
a matter of safety, to remain till morni
aying I might-get Into an impassable di
an.d lose.my life.".
"'No,' said I, t*.thinking of my pol
anxious wife,.. trembling for fear in I
lonel.ness, 'I shall make the attempt at
hazzards.'"
"I had a strip of woodland to go thron
for the first five milce, and I thought tI
bad enough, I assure you ; but it v
nothing in comparison wit4 the open pla
or prairie, which stretched away before i
for ten miles, to my very door. Sat
the winl howled and'muoacd among t
trees, itis true; "yet they served to bre
its force, and in a measure protect me, aW
guidbd my blind, stumbling horse along I
path which the light of the snow enab]
ne to see; but when I reached the pla
the storm burst uipon me in all its terri
fury, filled my. eyes, cut my face, chill
ny blobd, almost blew me down, and pV
the, snow in drifti and ridges higher tl
my head.
" I stopped and prayed-for somehov
felt.that without God's assistance I shoi
no1er gQt thro'bgh and behold my dear w
again-and then I. set forward with i
child-like reliance of one who has ackno
leged his weakness and committed himE
to the care and guidance of a Supre
Power.
"For a short distance I continued to ri
but I soon found this would not do;
besides the fact that I could scarcely k(
my position, and felt my limbs and bc
numb with,the piercing cold, my poor he
was beginning to stagger from the fo
of the wind and his load together; so 11
down and led him forward, both o
s tumbling more or less on the clear grom
and plunging and wallowing throughi
high drnifts, which were every minute gro
iug higher and more diflcult to surmoun
"In this manner I had got over, as ni
as I could judge, about three miles of pr
rie, when there came to my cars, born alc
by the rushing blast, the distant howli
of a p)ack of wvolves. Of all nights, suei
night as this was the very one for th
r'avenous beasts to get the courage to atti
a man, and iny heart sunk and my i:
trembled. Had there been nobody excI
myself to think about, I could have pl
.pretty bold face on the matter, even fri
the first ; but the Ihought of my poor Ni
cy being left alone to mourn for me, a
yeihapsje staigve to death and (lie by si,
agonies, seemedl to take away all my ho)
strength and courage ; and when, a mini
after I stumbled and fell into a drift, I
there for some t,ime, hearing the storm ra
and the wolves howl still louder, and thiu
lag I might as well dlegne way as anothe
"BUut all at n,asI lay itere, tre
bhing liko.mfriglitined hare, it occurred
mec that I was acting t he coward andi
fool both. I was not dead yet, and i
should I die before my time came, withi
striking a blow in self-defense?i With t
I jumped up, shook off the snow from ri
'self and Ille,beatL my arms and hands agal
my breast to got some warmth into the
and then reprimed my piece, and fixed
knife whlero I could grasp and use it In
instant."
"fBy the time all this was done,
iido of the wolved had come a good (
nearer, and my foor, blind horse, as if
-knew what a bloody fate was awaiting hi
snorted, cowerd and trembled-but,
being able to see, lhe (lid not attempt to
away. At first I thought of leaving 1
to appease the hunger of the beasts, wi
I madeo made my escape on foot ; b)ul
was by no means ,e9rtain I could escape
rthus,wtay,; tand besides,;it seenied absolut
necessary that I should tak6 the meal ho
with 410.1 and no, after- a little conalde
tion, I resolved' to mount him and mi
WM kelfoM I9Ebjd. I got upon
back upon my knees throw the bridle o
one arm,. covdred iiny rit1k sA' well
Icould, and there, with the storm howl
pat, nd the snow fairly drlftmug over
in sheets, I waited in terr~ible suspense
~onset of my foes."
nd "I did not have to wait long before Isa
Dr- their eyesshining like coals of fire all aroun
An me, and heard, above the awful roar of t
e)- tempest, their barkings, snarling and grow
ings, as they danced about, leaping at
th tumbliig over each other, one minute ve:
I turing up close, and then falling back I
it, alarm as I shouted to frighten them, but a
'es the time getting bolder and bolder, till
ng saw the struggle must come soon. A
re- poor trembling horse could not proect himse
to in the least; for besides, as I have said, th
he could not see, lie was now imbeded in
n, drift, one-half of which had snowed u
Ad around him after he had stopped; at
d, though, if the wolves had not been prescn
j I might, perhaps, have worked him out
It. this, yet I doubt if he could have got o
gh alone, or that I could have ever got hi
le home alive in any case."
ve " Well, the work of destruction soon b
k. gun, by some of the boldest of the beas
de plunging into the drift,. and seizing upo
ne the horse before and behind at the san
m1, time. He shriek, and reared, and plunge
an and kicked, and It was a marvel that I wi
rs, not thrown from his back and destroy<
of before him. I clung to him for a sho
be time, unable either to shoot or use my rit
>re for a club, and believing my last minu
lie was at hand ; and then, somehow, by
ly sudden impulse, I sprang to my feet, at
jumbed from his back, as far as I coul(
ie- into the deepest part of the snow. I vei
In- clown like plunging into water, and tli
,k, next instant the sweeping blast had covert
it. me with a white mantle, that I only hope
rm would be my winding sheet, if it wou
as save me from the fangs of the monste
1g, that were now tearing my horse to pieces
ift 1"For what seemed an age to me, t1
ravenous beasts remained at their blood
)r, work-snarling, growling and fightinj
ker Every minute of this time I was expectin
aill them to bounce upon me, and I kept n
knife in my hand, prepaired to sell my Ii
gh dearly. I had my rifle with me, too; bi
kat this was of no use, except to thrust ot
'as through the white wall of my priso
In, house and to open an air* hole throug
no which I could breathe. Except in
ily fear of the wolves attacking me. I d!
Ie not feel so very uncomfortable in my strane
ak quarters; and when, at last, I became sei
I sible by the sounds that the animals we:
he gradually dispersing, sliuking away on
ed after another, my poor heart took a gref
in, b iund with hope, and I thanked God wi
ule my whole soul for his kind Providence I
ed preserving me.
ed "It was a long, a terribly long and tr;
anl ing night after that, as I remained the
buried in the snow, constantly changi
I iny position, rubbing my legs, arms, han
ild and body, forcing open a breathing hoh
Ife rousing myself from a drowsiness whoE
lie sleep would have been death, listening 1
W- the shrieking and howling storm above m
elf and thinking of my poor, distracted wi
at home-it was a terribly long night, ir
deed-but I lived througb it, and ferventl
thanked God to see the storm abate wit
lC; the dawn of day."
ror " Though only seven miles to my cabir
ep it took me six hours of hard labor to reac
dy it; and then I fell into the arms ot my a
1'Me most frantic wife, completly exhauste
rce and with some of my limbs so frosted thi
rot I was not abl to leave the house again ft
us months. Terrible as was the journey1
id, the mill, my wife was obliged to make
h~e alone, a few days after, to get meal to ket
w-us from starving ; and you can fancy wh,
"were my feelings, while left an inva id
gh home, knowing her lia.>le to be exposed1
the same perils wIch had so nearly prov<
-fatal to mec I Ah, sir, it is indeed wil
nig truth I can say, I saw some pretty ha:
ng times when I first settled in thme wvestem
i country."
~se
ck
ge A IUstoric Desk.
a lion. Robert C. Winthrop, in the court
>of the Centennial oration delivered by hit
on the Fourth of July, 1876, in Music hal
un- Boston, exhibited to the 'audience tlr
nid wvriting-desk upou which the Deciaratio
>w of -independence was written, an(i (I
30, thoughts suggested by this interesting hit
ite torical relic formed one of the most cih
quent passages of his oration. 1He cot
ay eluded his allusion to this (deak with thect
>ar words: "Long may It find its applrop)rl
ink- ate and appreciating ownership in the su<
e." cessive generations of a family in whic
the bodof Virgiia and Massachusetts:
tothe lapse of years ever pass from the hiant
he of those to whom it will be so precious a
by heirloom, it col only have its fit and flat
)ut place umong thie choicest and most, cei
lia ished treasures of the nation, with whet
title deeds of independence it is so proudl
ly- associated." On a recent visit to Wast
nlat ington, Mr. Winthrop took the occasion
m, call at the executive mansion to dellv<
ny personally to the president, as a gift to 011
United states, the little mahoga,ny desk a
an which Mr. Jefferson wrgte the'Declairatie
of Independence. It Was presetntedi in th:
he namie of the children of thie late Mr. Josep
cal Coolidge of Boston, to whom It was give
lie by Jefferson himself in 1825, whose granm
nfl has an atitograiph inscription as follows
iot ''Thomas Jeff< r on gives this writh1
un desk to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., as a menu
ims rial of his affection. It was made fromi
Iedrawing of his own by Ben Ratndall, cab
Snet-maker, of Philadelphia, with whom I
, ,frtlodged on lis arrival In that city I
in May, 1776h, and Is the identical 01ne c
ely which lie wrote the Declaratimi of lnd
me pendence. Polities as weoll as relgion lit
ra- its superstitions. These, gaining strengt
ike with time, may one dtay give imagtia
value to this relic for its association wit
li.s .thie birth of thie great charter of our lnda
vet pendence." This desk will be deposit<
a 1 in the fire-proof library of the State di
gdartment, where ate kept the original dral
of the declaration, written on this deal
me and the engrossed copy whichi was sigmn
the by the memibers of the Continental -Col
Farm and Garden.
LO Time Is now at haud for the annual ap
pearanco of the borer. They make an on
trance to the tree at the base of the trunk,
d and sometimes just below the surface of
the groand. When young they are easily
a removed with the blade of a pen-knife or a
small wire. The borer more frequenily at
tacks young than old trees. Tihe old
prActiem among farmers of annually scrap
Ing the trunks of -apple trees and afterward
if applying a coat whitewash is not so coim
it mon nowadays as it used to be. Still the
a good results following the lator will well
repay one. Underneath the dry and dead
P bark countless numt-ers of vermin mako
Ad their liome; when the bark is removed and
I, whitewash applied the destruction of all
)f vermin is certain. The Chinese and Jap
anese excel all other nationalities in the cul
ture of early vegetables. Tis arises from
the fact that they use only ligntid manures,
hence the growth of the plants ismnot e rapid,
and as a natural consequence the vegeta
bles are very brittle and tender. Lettuce
and radishes they force rapidly, giving the
plants a sprinkling once -a day. Tobacco
e and tea plant are also treated in a like
manner. The rhubarb, or "pie plant" as
is it is best known in the country, should be
d looped after these spring lays, since it is
an early growtk determines in some nicas
ure its value. Remove all of the old and
e decaying stalks and place over each root a
e barrel (without heads) so that the stalks
a will grow erect while the bea ns of light
renders the shoots more tender. Somie of
the varieties of English and Scotch oats are
worthy of culture no doubt, while others
it have no value at all. The Pedigree Po
ic land, an early and profitable oat, is recoi
d mended by some of our western farmers.
d Its quality is said to be excellent. Ordinari
d ly this grain succeeds best when sown early
in the spring, thereby avoiding danger from
ro protracted drouth. Moderately rich soil is
best, since the oal is liable to lodge if t.he
L ground is too rich. Most of the ferns
found in our woods contain more or less
3 starch, and when properly prepared are ex
-' tremely palatable and nutritious. An at -
_ tempt was recently made in France to popu
y larize them as an article of food. The
.e young shoots of the common brake fern
when exposed above the soil to the air and
sunlight become exceedingly fleshy, white
and tender. A famous French painter is
n known to pride himself on his fern omlets,
i and the hill tribes of Japan live on fern all
y the year round. In spring they eat the ten
d der leaflets and later in the season they eat
the starch extracted from the roots. If you
c intend sowing any of the ornamental grasses
i be sure and obtain a packet of gynercum
-e argenteum (passes grass). This sor is tho
ic finest of them all, and reaches an aittudo
of ten feet. Alost of the sorta are annuals,
but this one is it half hardy perenial. A
I dwarf variety known as hare's tail grass is
n very pretty and grows to the hight of one
foot. Some of the varieties have panl-liko
foliage, while others have feathery spikes.
The triccolona iroaca is q6 beautiful rose
tinted grass. 'Thet yariegated Japanese
g maize is one of the latest novelties In orna
Is mental :rasses. All of the varieties make
very pretty winter bouquets, when made
e up with the everlasting flowers.
,0 The Blonkoy ana ft Hawk.
The cook of a French nobleman, whose
'e chateau was in the south of France, had a
j- monkey which was allowed the free range
Y of t lie kitchen, and which ivas so intelligent
that by severe training its natural propen
sity to mischief had been subdued, and it
was even taught to per-form certain useful
, services,such as pl c'ing towls, for instance,
h at which it was uncommonly expert. Ono
fine morning a pair of partridges was given
it to pluck. The monkey took them to it
I open window which looked directly upon
it the park and went 4o work with great dili
ir gence. le soon finished one, which lie
o iaidl on the outer ledge or the window, and
then went quietly on with the other. A
hawk, wvhichi had been wuatching his pro
Pceedings from a neighboring tree, darted
it dIown upon the p)artridge, and in a minute
it was upi in the tree again, greedily devour
o ing his pr'ey. 'The constei'nation of the
d monkey at tis untowasrd adivJmnure may
hi be easily imagined, lie knew lie she nld be0
severly whipped for losing it. le hopped
iabout in great distress for several miinutes,
Ii when suddenly a bright thought struck
him. Seizing the remaining partridfie, ho
wvent to work wit h energy and stripped off
the feathers, lHe then placed the otheir,
on the windowv sill, and closing
one of the shutters concealed
ehi.miie.lf behind it. The hawk, which hy
thIi time had finished his meal, .very soon
swoopedc dlown upon01 the partridge; but
hardly had lis chaw touched the bird when
the monkey spranig upotn him from behind
ethe shutter. Tihe hawk's head was instant
-ly wiung, and the mionkey, wvit.h a triumph
ant chucklec, p)rocee(ded to strip off the
feathers. Ti's (lone, Ite carried the two
p lickedl fowls to his matster, with a confi
dent andl s:ilf-satisfled air, which seemed to
-say. "Here are two birds, sir, just what
iyou gave ine.'' What the cook maid en
Sfinding one of the partridge converted into
a hawk, is more thtan we tire able to tell.
I We feel sure that the subject of timber
-culture does not engage the attention of
0 thme putblic as Its merits demand. The an
y nal consumption of railroad ties alone is
over 40,000,000. It requires thirty year's
o gr'owth to produce the avertige rilroad tie.
r 'There Is ovei' 90,000 miles of railroad ini
e this country; making over 180,000 miles of
a fencing, which cost over $50,000,000j, and
a ovei' $I5,000,000 annally for repair. We
e have over 75,000 miles of telegraph wires,
ih which require over 300,000 telegraph p)osts,
ni and the annual rep)air takes 30,000 more.
I- But, if' we should go on and enumerate the
d amount required for farm fencing, build
:Ings. brtick-b)urniing (which requires 2, 000, -
g (000 cord(s a year), nmatch-making, shooe
pegs, furniture -makinug, saddle-tree making,
a packing-boxes, scythe antd tool handles of
all kinds, wagons, carriages, agricultural
e impliements, atnd fire-wvood,--it would swell
a the grand total at least $200,000,000 an
tn nually. And, notwithistaindlng this great
(-lemand and shortenedi supply, the havoc
is of lumber-destroymngis going on just as
Ii rapidly as ever.' The time Is coming when
y this wholesale (destruct Ion will be regretted.
Ii Tihe supply will b)e exhausted; and then it
-will take more than fifty years to restore It,
d at great expense and labor. The supply
uthereafter can never be made to equal the
t demand for It. Those who will now turn
, their at'.ention to timber culture and to the
d prehervation of what timber they have,
i- will receive a big reward in the near
fnture.
Eutertainins: Passengers.
"4 I hope nothing will happen to the boy,"
the woss passenger remarked, anxiously, as
we were speeding northward from London.
The boy in question was about seven
years old. Ile was entertaining the pas
sengers by running up and down the aisle,
shouting like a Comanche Tndinu. le
would run to the rear door, kick the panels
and shout, " Ilo I " Then he would run
to the forward door, kick it and yell "Ilayl"
When this performance began to grow
maddening with the monotony, tho boy
would lend it a little variety by pausing to
look into some passenger s fact-, while at
tile same time he would strike at him and
shriek, "I'll kill you ! " It was very in
teresting, and we all loved the infant.
Now and then his mother woul say,
"Sammy, Sammy dear, you mustn't strike
the gentleman ; perhaps the gentleman
doesn't like it." And then the gentleman
would lie like a Trojan, and say, "Oh, yes,
he didn't mind it ; he liked little boys."
And so we were all worried and nervous,
for fear the child might get hurt. We
fairly grew sick with anxiety. llestopped at
my se1 31n1tched the lap tablet out of my
hands a ' roared, "niny that poncil I "
and n,h!in I i mother said, "Why, Sammy,
I am afraid you ditutb the gei.tlem-in,"
3ammny.yelled, "I'll kill him! " I was so
anxious about him that I watched him all
the way down the aisle to see if he wouldn't
fall and break his neck. So we all sat and
watched him, with concern written all over.
our faces. The boy snatched an apple
away fron the fat passenger, kicked the
cross pamssener's valise, made faces at the
sad passenger, and hit the man on the
wood-box twice with a stick. Once, and
only once, lie made an offer to slap the
woman who talks base, but she glared down
at him with a croak that mate his
hair stand oi end, and lie avoidedi her dur
ing the rest of the trip. At last just as lie
was rushing up to Ilh. f>rwnrd door to kick
it, the Impetuous brakeama banged it open
to intioince a stt;tiot. It, cia,!ke.l that
boy on the lead with the brazen knob, and
the boy acted very muclh as lie would have
actedl had lie been shot with a catapult, and
it took all the ice water in the cooler to cool
off his head, and the boy was effectually
quieted (own. And it was really pleasant,
to see the wearied look of anxious concern
off the passenger's face., after lie brake
mian dropped the boy. The cross passen
get 'A grim face relaxed like a May morning,
the fat passenger winked at the man on I lie
wood-box, who wasi still rubbing his
knuckles with an air of tender interest, the
sad passenger hummed a merry little air,
and the woman who talks base gave a
cheerful croak that vas intcrpr ted to mean
laughter. Four passengers, w1iose names
I could not learn, gave the astonished brake
man ifty cents apiece. he boy with his
head swathed up in wet handkerchiefs re
mained comparatIvoly quiet.
The city of Ghuznee, India, on which
the Bngliish troops have advanced, is
situated 233 miles from Candahar and
eighty-fIve from Cabul; and the route from
the former city lies up the valley of the
Tarnak, along which there is considerable
cultivation, and in consequence a silliency4
of supplies. It appears that these have
been collected at various stations along the
route to a litile way beyond Kelat-i
Ghilzai, a fort eighty-nine miles from Can
dahiar, and at present ovcpied by a native
regiment, two campanies of British in
fantry andtoutr guns, left there as a garri
san by Ocmral IA.ughes i October last.
Beyond that fort Ilie forces will le in the
very boart of time Ghilzai country; but the
tribe have been so worted in their recent
ongagements with the Ilazaralis, who in
habit the hilly country to the noithwest
and have warmly eipoused our cause, th(tt
there dtoes not appear much prosp)cCt of
opposition before the walls of Ohuznee are
reached4-even if Mohammed Jan's hostility
should last as long as that, General Stew
art will return from Ghumznee to India by
time Kuramn route; by which is p)robab)ly
meant the road followed by the Lumnsden
mission in 1857. There are, however, twvo
other routes from Ghiuznee to India, neither
of which have ever beomn traversted by
Europeans, and of which a more complete
knowledge is desirable. One diverges
from the G3huznee-Cabul route at hIatt Asia
and loads through the Bugawand Pass
(also enlled Bakawand and Sujaon) to
[Kushi, while the other, lying between the
Kuram andi the Gomul routes, runs ini a
southeasterly direction anmd passes through
Urgun anid down tihe valley of the Tochi
River to Bannu. Thie first of these two1
routes was frequently used by the first
Afohammeelan conquerors of India in pro
ferencee to the Khyber route, and therefore
many be conifidently assaumned to be wvorth
explhoration, while thme second has the merit
of being the shortest and most dlirect line
possible from Qhuznee to the Indus.
Arramnge,noumt of Fiowers.
Of all the various mistakes made b)y
parties in arranging flowers, the common-1
est is that of putting too) many lr.to a vase;
andl next to that is the mistake of putting
too great a variety of colors into one beou
quet. ,Every flower in a group should be]
clearly dhisti nguishmable and determninable
without pulling the nosegay to piees; tihe
ealyx of a clove-pink ahould never be hid
b)y being pluniged inito tihe head of white
phllox, however well the colors mnay look.
Sweet peas never loo)k so well ini the hands a
as they do on the boughs over which they
c:1mb, b)ecause they cannot 1)0 carried I
without crowdhing them; but put them<
tmguatly into a vase with an equal nmbmher
of~ imignonet te, or rather, ornament a vase I
half huil of mignonette with a few blooms
of sweet peas, and you get a charming of
fect, because you followv the natural ar
rangement by avoiding crowdmng of thie
blooms, andl putting them with the green
folinge which they want, to set them off.
Few people are aware uinthi they try it how
easy it is to spoli1 such a pleasing combina..
tion as this. A pice of calceoharia, scarlet
geranmiumt, or lue salvia would ruin it
efeectuially. Such decided colors as these
require to he group)ed in another vase, and
should not eveii be placed on the same ta
ble with sweet peas. They also require-a
much larger preponderance of foliage than
is wanted of flowers of more delicatecolors.
it is unquestinably diflicult to resist the
temptation of "just putting in" this or that
flower, b)ecause "it is such a beauty." A
beauty it iray be -and so may be an
apricot, b)ut it would be out of place in a
basin of green pea soupl There is at least
Ione $roper place for every flower; thon let
4Yery flower be in its pror place.
Corn Sugar and Syrups.
The process of making corn syrup and I
sugar is as follows. The corn Is steeped In I
large tanks for 24 to 80 hours in warm 4
water; when it becomes quite soft. It is t
then ground in burr stone mills through I
which a stream of water is constantly pass
ing. As fast as the corn is ground it is
carried off by the water into settling tanks
in which the coarse particles are deposited, y
the fine starch being carried off in the a
water into other tanks where it finally I
3ettles free froni any impurity, and the a
water is drawn off. The coarso iatter is a
reground, bolted, and washed repeatedly, I
until ali the stargh is secured, when the
refuse is gathered and sold as starch wasto r
for feeding co*vs and cattle, for about 15.
3ents a bushel. This Is obviously a pure I
Wnd wholesome food, being thus freed friom
niost of the starch, and containing the a
gluten and other nitrogenous natters with t
all tile mineral portions of the grain. The
tateient so often Iade that this waste is
injurious when .fed to cattle is seen to be
tintrue; it is as wholesome and about as
nutritious us bran. 'rhe starch thus mado
and still nixed with a largo quantity of
wator from which it is not necessary to t
iepai ate it, is puul)ed into wooden vessdls
4n which a certainl proportion of sulphuric a
icid is added to the starchy liquid. The f
propr.ion of a4id vairies foi one to three o
pcr cent. ikaording to the quantity of f
starch suspleIdLd in the liquid. 'ile whole C
iass of liquid is thoroughly stirred and 4
lieated by means of a stean coil of lead I
[)ipe until the wilole of the starch has beec
.onverted into dextrine. This point Is as- 'I
:ertaiied by testing a small portion of the in
liquid by the addition of a few drops of s
1lcohic ic solution of iolilne. lodine pos- (
i-ases tihe property of giving violet color to 0
itarch and if any starch relaiis iI the d
liquid its presence is noted by the appear- 1
Ince of a violet cloud Im the test tube. If 1:
io dincoloration takes 1)place the process is s
:omiplote and the liqui is drai off into n1
mother vat and powdered marble dust is fI
stirred intO it in the proportion of 3 pounds u
o each 5 pounds of acid used. ).'he mar- I
ble dust, carbonate of lime, unites with a
the acid and forms sulphaite of limte or o
pIaster, which falls to the bottoml), leaving g
the sweet liquor free from acid, if the pro- y
ness has been exactly performed. This is y
tested by tile use of litlus paler which d
becomes red when dil)Ped into an acid t
liquid, and blue If dipped intb one that is a
alkaline. When found to be perfectly s1
autitral the liquid is filt r.d through bone v
charcoal, by which it is purilled and muade i
elear and liipid. After this it is conveyed a
in.o vocuum pans and ovap irated by staan a
heat Into sugar or syrup. The product of ti
3ugar is from 25 to 30 pounds fron a g
bushel of corn, depending upon tic quality b
)f tile grain. A inshel of corn weighing 'I
110 lbs., contains about 36 ls. of starch, af
bnut all the starch is not extracted from the 8
corn as soie is left in the waste. The A
manuifacture Is evidently a )rofitable one S
especially when carried oi in the great -E
corn growing localities where the grain is f
cleap. __
A Wiap's strait-ogy.
A writer says that ono morning when lie
was watcihiag a spider's nest, a matid wasp tj
ilighted within nu inch or two of the nest, (I
>in the side opposite tile opeing. Creep- It
ing noiselessly around toward the enIir.mce c
f the nest, the wasp stopped a little short 1)
f it, and for a iomient renialne i perfectly al
lifuiet. Then reaching out one of his an- a
enne, Ie wriggled it before the opening 31
m(d withdrew it. This overture hol the ti
lesired effect, for the boss of the nitst, as a
aige a spider as one ordinariy sees, cami1e v,
)nt to see what was wrong and to set It to t1
,1ghts. No sooner had the apider emerged 0<
o that.point at which lie was at the worst
lisidvantage than t the wasp, 'with a quick
lnvoient, thrust lisa sting into tie body
>f his foe, killhng him easily and almiost ti
nistaintly. Theli experiment, was rep)eated is
mi the plart of thle wasp), and1( when there tr
unss nlo repocnso from the inside he beccame ni
antishied, probaubly, that lhe ield the fort. It
i.t aill evenats lie p)roceedled to enter the nest ti
mid slaughter the young sp)iders, whaich gl
vere afterward lugged off one at a timie. Tf
T.iable Etiquiette, i
Upon taking your seat, your flrst duity f(
houild be to Inspect the cutlery. If the ii
iiiives bear lRogers' stamp), for instance, e
mound the pra1ie of the Meride11n manufac- ei
uire. This will cause ot,hers to exampine rc
heir knives. They will marvel at fur bi
>ractical knowledge. Aad you will tiive ~
ong In the meh\dry of ybdr hioitess. Whean d
oip is served, opb)ortuulty wlli present it- a
elf to show your supe)rior attachmenits 1'n tl
~astronomy. Confbuientiially iinforam your i
>/s-a-3)is, in a voice sutllciently 10oud to be E
icaird all around the table, that Builleboil ci
5 the only person you ever knew who a
:ouild make soup flt to eat. Every eye r
arill be turned towardl you In adoration. J
leur hostess will feel a sort of reflected aj
treatness In having one so gifted conida
icend to grace her humble board. Theni I
alow Into your soup as though you were Ci
ander contract to furnish motive power for 'I
windmnill. Then you will show your &
liughity contemp)t for conivenltionahities. L
?or a similar reason, you will eat fronm the a
>oinit of your spoon. This movement will il
nako you look ike the swvord swjillowver. r.
k'our appearanice will be pictuiresque. 01
(our elbow wall thlreaten your right hand ul
ieighibor's eye. In eating fish whip as big C
1)piece as you can in to your mouth, andl
lien pick out then bones one by one at your I
elsure. Always eat with your knife, andi @
lose your lips tightly about, it when you s
vithidraw it from your mIouith. This will 0,
ceep your knife clean durlig the whole ii
neal. Cleanliness is next to godliness, you si
mnow. With the moats comies an excelleut ti
pportunity to exhibit your gymnastic at- '
ainment. You will miake yourself re. a
p!ctedl, now, lby your 1ef t-hand as well. as
rour right-hand neighbors. You can make ti
pourself more agreeable by watching your A
>pp)ortuinities ini conversation.. When a II
genitleman has transferred a forkfull of food a
romi his plate to his miouthl, address him Ii
mddenhy. It is very amusing to see a gen- kt
leman half ekokeddo his,:endeavor to get' ii
us mnouthufull of,.food outa of the way, 'that1 II
in mry answer you. Of course you will eat
di the while you are talking, and talk while h
rou cat. 'Thus will you. pjiy a delicate U
:omaplimuent to your hlostess's cook, show h
your soQial qualitie,: and prevent others,, d
possibly, from eating more,than is goodl it
ror themi. If puddinc~ is served, say it, l
:oesn't agree with you., Bat eat of it jus~t I
the samre, and call for more. And hbfo Is -b
in tidmirablo opportunity to dollate upon is
the idiosynoraslos -of your digestIve appa- a
atus. The noblest study of mnkind is
an.' If pudding Is not' iortheoing, re.
nark upon the singular Idea that me peo.
ae have that pudding may bdomitted from
dinner for people *ho upderstand such
hinge. When the pie comes peep under
, or turn it over like a grl$doe cake. This
specially where the lady of the house
locs her own baking, , Af rthe pie is
inderdone, it would be the right thing to
antion the fact. If it be done too brown,
ay something appropriate to the occasion.
Yhen a lady makes a slip'in- hek cooking
he likes to be told of It publiely Coffee
houid be drank from the saucer, As though
were an oyster in its shell. This gives
Iou a jaunty air. If at a private table,
iever pass anything to your neighbor. You
iay want all there is yourself. Never hes
late to ,ask for what you canot reach.
(ou love tp wait upon yourself. Others
aust love to wait on you. Remomber the
Dothpick.
Diatnonds and Diamond Fields.
The principal diamond fields of the
rorld are in South Africa and Ia Brazil.
)wing to the great production in the Kit
erley mInes In South Africa, and the con
oquent reduction in price, the Brazil mines
re not worked as much as formerly. A
aw stones are found in India, some small
ties in China, and occasionally one is
)Und in California. It Is claimed that
no or two have been discovered in Indiana
ud one or two in Georgia. Blut those that
ave bedu sent from Georgia have turned
ut to be either beryl or common. crystal.
'he peculiarity of the great Kimberley
ines-which are now 360 feet below the
arface and cover a large area-i that the
Liamonds are found imbedded In steatite,
r soapstone. Those found In the Bahla
istrict in Brazil-which is about 400
iles below Rio Janeiro-are usually lin.
edded in a conglomerate composed of
mall pebbles. The diamonds that are
at ilt to cut for gems are used
)r inechanical purposes. Those most
sed are what are called carbons from the
lahia district. They are irregular in shape
ad of a dark brown color, about. the size
f a hazel-nut. When .broken there is a
ray fracture. They were discovered many
ears before they were known to have any
alue. Since the discovery that they were
iaionds by an Amsterdam diampud cut.
r th6y have risen in. price to $8 a carat
nd more. They are used in burring mill
,onos and In diamonds drills. Another
ariely, known as Brazilian boart, is too
oor to cut, andl is used for drilling. They
re of different colors, and vary in pize fro;n
pin-head to a pea. These little white ones,
>o small for gems, have good cutting au
lea, and arc used by lithographers and
ank-note engravers in preparing plates.
'he labor connected with catting and pot.
thing a diamond adds greatly to its cost.
ome are very difficult to shape apd polish.
, particular seven-carat diamond took
3ven months' labor, more or less work
very (lay, to get it cut and polished ready
or the jeweler, and sold at a losspf $1,000.
uch diamonds are not crystallized in re
ilar planes, and may be compared to a
notty piece of wood. As a rule, how.
ver, diamonds have regular cleavage
lanes. The cutter just makes a line on
ic face of the point or angle of another
iniond. Then lie uses a shcrt instru
tent of steel and a mallot to eff ct the
leavage. They all have the same nuim
er of facet s-i ffty-slx-but may'be round
the girdle (circumference) or oblong,
.cordlug to the original shape of the
one. They arc cut, as a rule, with a lit
e waste as possible. The white are the
tost brilliant, and consequently the most
luablo. Tinted stones are loss valuable,
i a dia'nond of a positive pink or green
>lor conmnands a high price.
A Lion's Dinnor.
One of the mlost interesihug places in
te Zoological G)ardien. Philadelphia, Pa.,
the lion house, not far from tihe main en
ance. One of the mlost favorable me.
enIts to visit this lion house Is four o'clock
the afternoon, as the lions, tigers, pan
era, leopards, cougars and hiyenas are
yen their dinner at that time of the day.
hey are given one meal a day only. "Poor
heoWs I". perhaps you may exclaim, but It
uist be rememnbored that .Ia their native
ilds these flesh-eating boasts go without
ed for several (lays. It is a very interest
g sight to see this four Q'clock dinner. As
rny as three o'clock visitors- began to
owdl lnte the promenade in front of the
iw of cages and bf? the tim'ei the keeper
Ings out his buckets the house Is well
led,, Of course the animals, know that
nuier-time is approaching. Thley pace upi
id down their cages .with uneasy steps,
10 lions roar and the titors g4ow), show
.g very p)lamlly that they are hungry.
very nowv and then a.-little- boy wilJ go
ose up to the lion's cage, but will leap
vay againl in an instanit, for the terrific
>ar that makes the floor shako frightens
>hmnny' out of his shioes. When the keeper
ipoars with a bucket full of 'meat "Om
odore Lawrence," the bigge& of the
mnthors, bounds around the sides of his
age like a cat, for, as his cage is nearest
to provision-house door, lhe gets the first
lod. Having received his big ."hunk,'' as
te keeper calls it, the Commodore eats
vay with great relish. The tigers are al
Lost wild Wit,h delight when their cages are
ached. I erhaps the most interesting part
thme sport, howoe et', is tile feedig of the
ale lion. Noble fellow 'thlat lie tel IHero
mee the keeper; now look.sharp and soe
'hat the lion Is doing| Th''ere lie stands, on
is haunches, with hia head. towardi the
reat crowd. His nmane stands out like the -
aggy whiskers on Uncle PAm's chin. is. 1
es, fastened upon the keeper, gleam with
easure. Now, really, ilan't that a smile
caling over his face, nmaking his beard
vitch and his oars point forw~ari? It looks
ery much like ii, anyno9w, and it'that isn't
lion's smile, then no lion ever did smile.
[o is not as in,patient as the other, anhnahs,
iough he showse that lhe ila ugry, He has
native diguity qmiui,~i jtig ory one '
must admire,' See, the. keee anroaches
'ilh a plecQ d b'df-iom1se ~f~eighing
ftedft pour ds, oh th&eh4Y 16. The
ceper --ho,ids -the, lied> unla'efho lion's
Qad, anlelosqi te, ttetgs is the
most dAihtul i e i 10lok I" 2
How earmay be
card bn is i,a ~ he' 6d surges
p' aghindi th'd iro&Ni t85i.hhV't keeper
olds the beet above,theIon*shbad. The
on looks up it itwlth~ M -esodo.drop
I-pi-stymo\ith'' gxp'eassIn Iih paws are
osdand his ha elva Suddenly
arse th'e lilohteistit-with a $W sk -you"'
~ok .and be ls-to arMeAgdg -~A17'''
ood little Url in the United Miet'.