Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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.'i rh1 ,rE. I+_.FAT.)LIN. -,VIN\NS1B)O1)._S. (3. AA I'UI)AV. 1'1Ia BiJAItY 8,. 1 :.. .NO THE GUA NO WAR. DIFIR'I1T:NT I'ICW ' TAKECN TITlt(O' D1'ERENT P'1CtACLES. Cotton vs. Guano--Another Article from the Guano Side of the Question--The Cost of Manufacturing and the Small Profits ofManufacturors--Uncertain ties of Cotton Option. .Editors Chronicle and Constitu tionalist : I can hardly persuade that if the planters thoroughly un dorstood the guano quostioi they would speak and feel as they do to - ward the manufacturors and general agonts. It would occupy too much space to enter fully into the discus sion of this (at present) important subject. The raw material that it takes to manufacture a ton of guano -to sack it, and transport it to the ports in the South, at tho\ present price-leaves but a small proiit, and were it not for the great quantity of it that is sold, would not be worth the trouble. If any one will put themselves to the trouble of calcu lating the cost they will be satisfied that unless' the manufacturer gets near thirty dollars per fon for it at the coast, he could not mako any thing on it, and to do this, it would be necessary that they should carry no surplus stock over. This can hardly be expected, howevor. There is always more or less stock carried carried over from one year to anoth er, which has to be c.red for at con, siderable expense, snd then to be handled and re-sacked the next season, storage to. be paid, large quantities lost in waste, and many other minor things, which, in aggro gate, foot up heavily. \Vhen the guano comes into the hands of the general agents, there, are other and formidawlo clairgos which are nocessary before it reach es tho farmer. Thu general agent huimself is entitlod to soie conpen sation for the risk of guaranteeing, pro-paying freight, Paying traveling agents, who es tabliish 11iterior agenh cies-his own time and that of his office clerks-for thero is immonse labor connected with his business. He is also entitled to the interest on the money advanced in paying freights to the farmer's no rst depot. And after it arrives ho has his interior agents to pay, and has heretoforo had to pay in nlany in stances storage on guano, and also drayage, and also to 'pay even for weighming the cotton that was paid in oxch mge for the guano. The general agent or the in nufacturer has also to pay for mending sacks, and loss in. weight from wastoage; they have to pay freight on cotton from place of delivery to the coast, and they have to receive cotton at interior weights-and in this they lose about five pounds to ovory bale. About ton dollars per ton is added to man ufacturers' prices to cover all the numerous incidlental expenses, which includes another very impor' tant item, that of guaranteeing the sales of their interior agen ts. It is true that the interior agents guar an tee their sales to the general agent, but only to the extent of their aggregate commissions ; they can only lose their labor, while a general agent in many instances may not only lose his commissions but much more. There is sometimes large quantities carried over at into, rior points, wvhich entails additional expense. It also frequently hap, pens that one point is too heavily supplied, and then comnes another expense of transuor'tation of fromn one to two dollars per ton. All of these little arpounts in the end make large snina, which go to row due the profits. In. some in stances general agents accept a mere forwarding commission rather than~ incur the risk to which they are subject. It is hardly necessary to add, that wo have now and then a 1088 inl thme way of a bad. debt. The writer has hieard of instances where there were baa debte enough to con sume the entire year's p.ofits. Our farmer friends complain that while everything else has declined, the-price of guano has advanced. S Is this in fact true ? Last year the currency price at the coast was $441 per-ton, this year it is $40. Last -year the number of pounds of cotton 'required for a ton of guano at the coast was 488 pounds. The price of cotton at the time this price was fixed, was sneh that they reasonably calcuated&.tp, get, ten , cents* pox pound ; the price thereforp in cottoni was $43.80 per ton. That they did not got ten cents per pound is well kho*n.. The writer heard' one of the largest imlainulacturers sa that they did not make a cent las year, although they sold thousan 1 of tons. Others only saved t hew solves by taking the risk of sellin futures in cotton-they mado somic thing by that last season, they migl lose the next. There is hardly an one now who think they will bo abl to realize for tlhis year's coiton cro. more than 8 cents per pound fo middling cotton. The price fixet thereforo. for a ton of guano at thi coast is 500 pounds of cotton, whicl at 8 cents per pound for cot ton i $40. Now, has there been any advance general agent or manufacturer (1o ing-business in Georgia or Sout Carolina but who would prefer currency noto to a cotton optio note. It is chance in a cotto option noto. If Cotton goes u they would make (so would th planter on the balance of his crop) if it goos down lie would lose. I cotton was now Sc. per lb., th Manufacturer could not afford I take 500 lbs. of cotto'i f. r a to] but ifit was 20c. per lb., he oul afford to take 200 lbs. The manu facturer must havo a certai amount of money for a ton of for -tilizer, and he can only see thu amount by asking 500 lbs. middlin cotton. There is ni disposition o the part of the manufacturers t oppress the farmers. On the otlh hand, they have done and are sti doing (by giving them a better an cheaper fertilizer than ever beforc all they can to hlp theni along, fi upon the farmers' success depend not only their own success, but the' of every other business. 1hero has bo0n largo sums ma( Oin commercial fertilizers, br like evely other business, it h,, como down to hard pan, and the will hercafter have to 1)o satisfio with small profits. If they in making large sums now, I shoul like to know what b:ico:nes of it ; i is certainly not declared in visibi dividends. D. Augusta, Ga., January 28, 1879. Advice from a Farmer. .Editors U:hronicle and Uonstit i tionalist : Are the cotton plititei of the State of Georgia going t submit to the iniquitous advance fifty pounds more of lint cotton o the ton, as determined oi by ti Guano Kings, while everythin else is depreciating in valu:tion After specie payment has been rc sumed and every one elsa seem3 do tormined to hive adopted the fac that they must work hard and I willing to take fair retuneratio only for their labor, the guano met feeling their might over tho lmi. numerous and powerful class of on people, have concluded to put u their prices, knowing that the giant (our agriculturists) are slow t< move and will submit to most any thing. Robbed on all sides, sup porting the world, . they, tih agriculturists, instead of fightin those who prey uponl them, ar conltillnally skirmishin g aimn themselves, scarceiy looking beyon their owin noses, but faittonin those wvho feed upon them. Whi will you cott on p)lers a'lowv y >ur selves to be plundered and show n resentmfent ? Do you know thla wvith anl old negro man, to whoni you would have to pay $30 ani feed, a cart and horse, whlole affaui costing you $200, you can, inl th course of a year, by hauling truch viz., leaves, pine straw, etc., in you lot, at a lowv calculation, make ye over twenty tons of better fertilize than you h'ie to pay a five hundro ponds bale of cotton for, eve when you get a genuine article And that old negro would pay fo himself inl teonding ten acres inl corr besidles feeding your stock aI looking after your sows and pigm and going alround( your fences afte overy washing rain, to see that ni stock could get in, that so often yo have to delay your best hlands ti look after, keeping them from grassy piece of cottonl that ought t< have been finished while the fenc was being examined. Happily, ok( Columbia is one county thlat hlas do termined to call a moeeting an< ascertain whiether the citizense hay nerve enough to refuse to purechas any five hundred pounds bale of cot ton (for a ton) guano. We cottoi planters know from tile style tha guano agents go in, tile champagn they drink, the carriages they rid in, and palatial manufactories tha that odoriferous compound i manufactured and stored in, tha they need be in much -worse plighl financially than the one who digs i out of the earth, or spreads it unde his cotton beds. Contrasts ar sometimes odious as wvell as odlor y iforous. Like the coi/onx .(Iiple t war iai; r;age( here somlc aiian sintee, S perchaneo this 50 poln,ds ilnere 1'4 - is also to enire to the belnieht of tho good natured, but ignora:t1i.. Iiin;led C:o-r-roxN umn Di.strict No. 3, Columbia County, y January 18th. CoUlD Nor Owr-RUN 'r1r TAIN. -When the train on the Charlotte, Columbia & Augustal Railroad, which leaves here at 11.30, was near Jolnston's on the down trip from Charlotte, day beforo yestcrday evening, tho engineer saw two . mules drawing a wagon, with two lmlen seito(d in it, approaching the crossing. There was aconsiderahlo e,lear space between the train and the crossing, so that the men iii the wagon must have seen if they could not have heard the locomotive, but nevertheless they endeavored to C Cross the track before tho train could reach it, and failed, as men generally do fail under theso cir omltnstancos. One of the occupants of the wagon was a white man and the other a negro. The white man, seeing in time what was about to happen, jumped from the wagon an 1d saved himself. 'ho pilot of the engine struck the vehicle about miidway. Trho negro was ldlle(d, and the wagon shattered into at thousand fragments. The mules escaped un injured.-Charlotto Obscrecr 5th inst. A VENERAn.LE iLMATRON.-LasHt Sun" a day, Mis. E;izrabhethl Leopard, relict i of Thomis Leopard, die in Gran. r i:eville, S. C., at the venerablio at:_,e s !of one haundred aiIl seven years. She was brn in B:3uckingh1am11 coan. ty, Va., oil the 25th of Decembor, : 1T71, and emigrated to Souit Caro.. alilt when) shlle. was seventeen years of s age, and lived noar Ninlety .Six. Y She ratmed twenty-two orphan tl grandchildren and great.grandclhil e (Iron. At the funeral was h1or only surviving son, eighty years of ago. t Around her grave stood this son, a c grandeiildi fifty-six years old, r.ov. oral great-"grandchildren over forty years of age, great-great,grandchit dren twenty-five years old, .pnd a nuniber of great.-great-great-graidi children-five generations in all. s There are living at present eighty o of her descendiants. and two hun >f dred and ten have died, making l altogether nearly three hundred. o She road the Bible, withot: sp)ectat c!es, the Sunday before sh( diod, f tallkedwith friends and relatives al most i1pto the very moment of her - death, passing away gently and with t out patill from cid e:ge.-A /usta o Chronicle. , A contributor to the British t Journal of Photography writes : r "Are photographers awaro that the electric light can be produced with Sout eithr' a ste uan or a gas ongin.; > Yet such is the (ase. It has been found by tho aid of a fly-wheel, - which can easily bo driven by one 3 man, a degree of rapidity and power can ho obtained quito sutli 0 cient for iutiliz'ttion in the produic, tioni of the electrin light. A large 1'machin' roiire;, of courseo, a powerful motor ; buit a machine of Y moderate power~ will sumcfo for the - rocquirenmeints oif the p)hotographor 0 who desires to make use of it, eithetr t inl the production of portraitsi or 1 onlargemnents. I am aware of a ma 1 chine of this kind be(ing construoled( r by an amateur mnechanician, aind it o answers well. What is now wvanted1 ,is a machine of similar power', that r can be obtained in the course of 1 business at a moderate piriec all r compllloto." 1 W~hen the train conveying Gon, oral Shuerman to the South stopp1ed at Kettle Hollow, Montgomery counflty, Virginia, TeecumTseh watlked :out to view the sterile aspeoct of the country. Seeing an old resident standing near, the General irfquir. e d :"What do they raise in this country, -anyhow ?" Tfhe aforesaid SKettle Hollow man rep)lied :"They Sraise h -11 here about as quick as Sany place yon ever saw." The General tucked his feathers and1 sought refuge inl tile car instanter. I "Poon H-ERBEIRT I-How I wish you s did not have to slave so at that 0 hlorrible store from morning till -night I" said his wvife, as, with a I fond caifoss, she seated herself on t her husband's knee, and gently 3 stroked the auburn locks from his s sloping brow. And the grave, stern t man of business und6rstood her at s once, and answered : "WVell, Susie, I; what is it-a bonnet or what ? Go t light on me, for money is scareer b than over."- (/dic-go 7Wbune. a Pay your subscription to the ~aum WAHsa POSTAL AElSMIDITIES. T'l'lr J'- I I ;l . u '''t I ll 'II iLA IIow Innocnt PapMo3 nro Gouged--The P( nitly of Seitding Compl;ments Price Lists Under the Ban--Common Sonso Needed. [ Prom the Y or York Times.1 An author, res:idilg in a Western city, sent by mail to his friend in New York a copy of his book, on the fly-leaf of which was written something like this: "Wolfgang W"inholried Brown, with the comn pliuimts of Vashingt.on Potts." The New York post office clerks descried this nefarious inscription, and "charged ip" t lie book at letter postage rates. Deducting the 28 cents paid by the sender, there re minerd e2.25 which was duo from \oifgrn, Winleiried Brown. *A per;;ol in Osiris, Ohio, desiring that his favoritc weekly palper, pub lislied in New York, should print certain familiar verses, wrote on a postal card a request to that effect, and, to make all sure, pasted the poem on the back of the card. The recipient of this valuable comimuni.. cation, for reason which will appear further on, vas compelled to pay live cents postago thereupon. A New York citizen, having noticed in the Times an editorial article which he thought would interest his friend in Ucstona, went to a window in the New Yolk post-office and asked for "a newspap)ecr wrapper," for which he paid one cent. Putting this about the copy of the Times, he dropped it into the box. The weight of that copy of the paper happened to be two ounces and on-sixteenth. Be:ng weighed, it was thrown into Lhe waste basket a1s insufliciently paid, and before the sonder left the building it was on the wiy to the furnace. Subse quently, the expectant Boston man wrote to' his New York friend : "There is a thief in your post oflice." In each one of these instances the postal authorities proceeded ac cording to law as expounded by the rulings of the Post Office Depart meut. T'hie statutes of the United States provide that the sender of a book may write on the fly-leaf "Wolfgang Winkolriod Brown, from Washington Potts." More than this tends to mischief. Thereforo, Mr. Brown paid $2.26 for "the compliments of" Mr. Potts. The gentleman in Osiris might have put his printed poem in an unsealed envelope, which, being sent to the New Yt,rk publisher, would have been charged as a printed circular -one cent. Tho law says that nothing shall be "attached" to a postal card. The poor little verses were pated on with a thick con p)osition, and the whole thing then weighed more thant half ounce. J3t was unclafssiled, the "attached" newvspap)er clipping hbeing unlawful.i T1hoirofore, as un'lassin'ed umattei', iti was chargeabie with lett,er' postage.1 It weigrhed mzore than a half ounce. and it required six cents postage. BtOne centt haiving been paid for the postal card, only five cents were (duo. And this was collected. In the case of thn newspaper which was confiscated, wit.h its one c'ent stamp, tlieoI;ender only knew that a newsp)aper wriapper (cosating one cent) w'is a new~spamper wrapper1. He nevr' dreamed that a post-offico clerk wvas requiretq to weigh his patpor, and, if it was not propaid ' at the rate of one cent for every two 1 ounces and fraction thereof, toI throw it into the waste basket. ICongress, by its burdensome stat utes, seems to be anxious to worry the people who have transactions withvoh post-ofiecos. In this onl, dovrCongress is ably seconded by the Post Office Department with its capricious rtulings. Of these rulings let us give a few examples : There wias no clasinca, tion of mail matter until 1825. On the statutes of year's preceding that date all present classifications are made. The type--writer is a modern invention, and mnat.ter from that machine is unknown to post-offRce law. Next camne the papyrograph, and then the electric peom These machines produce matter whicli is merely writing by machinery, whether in single copies or by duplicate. Confronted'with a new problem, the postrofflee authorities at Washington flew to the statutes. These wore silent on the subject of machine-writing. Therefore, mat.. ter produced by the type-writer, tp.vrograph, or electric pon was "V neliassified." As we have soon in ho caso of the pasted postal card, laC, i(ftOr mnil mnatt,:e' U4 ohargea ble with lotter po-'ad.go. The agents >f these machinnes moved upon Washington. Reinforced by Sona tors and Congressmen, they coorcod the department into revorsing its lecision, and matter produced by the papyrograph and the electric [pen was admitted to the mails as third class matter, the typo-writer being "loft out in the cold." Then, tho pressure being removed, the lepartment again ruled that even this concession would be revoked March 4, 1879- So, unless Con .ress comes to the rescue, typo writer, papyrograph, and electric pen will produce matter subject to letter rates after March 4. This seems frivolous. In like manner, a printed prices current, in which "$14.50 per case" was changed to "$14.25 por case," in pencil, in con sequence of a change in the tariff, was charged letter rates, under a cdocision of the Post Office Depart ment to this effect: "A prices cur rent, partly in writing, is subject to letter rates of postage when sent in the mails." In like manner, also, an architect's plans, drawn with a pen, were charged letter rates, but photographic copies of those plans were charged third-class rates as "photographic proofs, &c." Au thors' corrected proofs are third class matter, but an author having marked on his proof "run up solid," made his entire package liable to letter postage, under a ruling of the Post Office Department to the effect that "any notations made on corrected proofs by which informa tion is asked or convoyed, or any instructions given in writing, sub jects the shots to letter postage." Examples like these might be indefiltiely multiplied. We have said eno gh to show the necessity of having the entire postal code modified and simplified by compe tent men. When practieal com" mon sense is applied to a revision of our postal laws and regulations, the burdens of the people will be light DUed and the .revenu3.of the , arnment will not be reduced. Alexandria Gazette: The mem.. bors of the theatrical profession visiting R3ichmond are generally struck with the habit which young gentlemen here have of go ing out between acts. One of Madame Modjeska's company asked x young gentleman whom she notie. ad had been out in this way, "Why lid you go out between every act t" He replied, "I went out to see my tint." "What aunt 1" "Stimulant," maid the gay youth, as he went out to got a night cap. A clock mado entirely of bread ias lately boon received in Mil an, [titly, from Peru. It was construct 3d by an Indian, who, having . no neans of purchasing material, saved % portion of the soft part of his laily bread for the purp)ose. Hie iolidified it with a certain salt which eondorod it very hard and insoluble n water. The clock keeps good ,imo, and the case, also of hardened >readl, displays artistic talent. ' FaoM 'ENTENNIAn HEADQUARTERS. -I find Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup 3xcellen t, having a ready sale anid :end1eri ng more satisfaction than my cough syrup I have ever sold. -A. B. Malony, M. D., Fifteenth ma Carpenter Streets, Philadel hia, Pa. Skating is a very healthful exer :iso. It not only puts in p lay all he muscles of the legs and arms, Mit it creates lumps for future >hrenologists to feel of and report )1. ASSIGNEE'S SALE, O\N \Ionday, thiel0th day of February, .J1879, cmmnoing at 11 o'clock in he forenoon, we will offer for sale at mibl Ic auction, to the highest bid der, or onsh, all that stock of merchandise, sonsisting of groceries, liquors, segars, obacco, etc., njow in the store in Winns )oro lately oceupied by R. J. MeCarley. Isl~o all the fixtures and eqnipments of atl store, includling one iron sate. J~. S. GLADNEYV, Assignee of 1R. J. MeCarley, -Agent for Creditors, jan 23-18 ______ LIVES ARE OFTEN LOST B Y theouse of cheap Kerosene. Get one of our safety Lamps in which ivenl the most dangerous oillis safe. $20,000 Saved Yearly, to Fairfield, When onr farmers learn to purchase 'hemicals and make their owd fertilizers, Jall and got a book tellng how it an' be lone. dec# . MoMAS*Z ABR10.