The ledger. [volume] (Gaffney City, S.C.) 1896-1907, May 31, 1907, Image 1

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THt LAROKtT CIRCULATION of Any Nowopapor In tho Fifth Conarooolonal District of t. C. The Ledger. OUARANTtl THB RBLlARlLlTV of Ivory Advortloar Who ' Uooa tho Cdumno of Thlo Papor. SVERY ONE PAID IN ADVANCE SEMI-WE sikisV - TIBLISHED TUESDAY AND FRIDAY. DEBT ADVERTIBINQ MEDIUM. A Newspaper In AN Mat Ike Ward Implies mi Devoted to the Beet Interest of the People of Cherokee County. ESTABLISHED FEB. If, 1M4. OAPFNEY, B. C, FRIDAY, MAY 31, 1907. BUBO A YEAR. LIMESTONE COLLEGE CLOSES SESSION THE EXERCISES ENDED WED- NESDAY EVENING. Diplomas Awarded Graduates by Rresident of the College—Com mencement Address. The closing exercises of Limestone College last night were the most impressive that the Institution has ever experienced und o r its preset management. The large auditorium was crowded with the beauty and chivalrv of the piedmont section; for he it understood that tho influences of this grand old historical institu tion are by no means local, hut ex tend to all parts of the country. The first number on the program wag a most excellently rendered in strumental selection by Prof. Harold Loring, musical director of the col lege. Then followed a few words of ■welcome from Dr. Lodge, the presi dent. The next number was the beautiful song, “Winter hath not a blossom.” sting with excellent ex pression by Misses Wilburne, All and HnfT. Then Dr. Lodge in glowing words introduced the speaber of the eve ning, Prof. William Allen Wilbur, dean of Columbian University of Washington. D. C. Prof. Wilbur chose ag his theme ‘‘The Forward Look in Education.” and for an hour hold his vast audience spellbound with his eloquent and magic treat ment of this great subject. The gems of thought which fell from his lips were truly sublime: and the graduating class and Limestone Col lege were truly fortunate in secur ing such a brilliant and profound scholar to address them. Prof. Wilbur spoke as follows: Commencement is one of the tryst- ino places of our civilization. The family, the school, the vaca tion, the State and the church—these are the institutions of society for cul ture and for self-expression. The world is a great exercising ground for the development of personality and this development is education. We are led through the years of childhood and youth within the family and the school until the per sonality has attained functional ma turity,—intellectual, emotional, voli tional—and here in the full posses sion of trained intelligence', of culti vated’ taste, of ethical poise and de cision of character, the college takes leave of you on commencement day. Commencement is an end and a beginning. Until now the primary motive has been self-culture, from this time forth the primary impulse Is to he self-expression. Two Divine messeangers meet here today: the one. the angel of study, has brought you hitherto: the other, the angel of service, would go forth with you from this place. It was the vision of goodness and mercy like angels of God that the young ;nau David had w r hen he was leaving the school of God’s pasture lands for God’s serv ice In the citfnp of Saul. Commencement day is a place of vision. The teacher sees a stream line of impressionable life passing through tho school and he finds an Incentive in the dignity of fld>Ml$lfon. The parent sees the rgamHon of his hopes as his daughter graduates today and he thinks anew of the responsibility of education. The graduate in the enthusiasm of the day thinks as never * before of the opportunities of education. It is a place of quickened vision. And in the stillness of your thought I set before you this picture from the poet Keats—a little allegory that is yours today— ‘‘Thon felt I like some watcher of the skies When a new planet swims into his ben; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes He stared at the Pacific—and alibis men Look’d at each other with a wild surmise— Silent upon a peak in Darien.” In a recent address in Washintgofi before the Federal Schoolmen’s Club the United States commissioner of ^ucation said. "The forward look in education should be kept alive in every school, and any school in which it is not kept alive is an evil influence i n education.” The theme I would bring you is this: The forward look in education, its basis in culture, its motive in ambition, its ideal in imagination. These thoughts j would bring to you—a thought of culture, a thought of ambition, a bought of imagination. Cultur e as a state is perfection: as a process it is improvement. A state of culture is the ideal; the pro cess of culture is our first practical concern as student together. Culture A is the keening of law. We seek to ^ know the law and how to keep it. Richard Hooker said of law-: "Its seat is the bosom of God: its voles is the harmony of the world.” And ma n created in the image of God and subject to Jaw is a transgressor against the laws of his ow-n being and of bis physical environment; through ignorance and inertia and • perversity and depravity man has lamentably fallen from his high estate. He trangresses spiritual law and is a sinner; he transgresses civil law and becomes a criminal, social law' and becomes an outcast, natural law and becomes a sufferer in body and in mind. There are laws of thought which he trangresses and becomes deluded, laws c lan guage and laws of behavior vhich he ignores and becomes uncouth. Natural and inevitable penalties fol low man—the law-breaker—and en force the need of culture, physical and intellectual and spiritual. Our nature wonderfully associates immortality and mortality, a soul ex isting in and for itself and a body existing as a means of expression for the soul. Soul and body need culture. There is a culture tending to perfection of being^ and a culture tending to perfection of expression: the aim of the first is character, and the aim of the second is power. Character and pow'er, those tw’o are the ends sought ia education. That process of culture which emphasizes character we call a ‘‘liberal educa tion;" that process which emphasizes power we call a technical or profes sional education. Character is form ed through discipline, but power is gained through instruction an d prac tice. Discipline and instruction are not mutually exclusive but they are divergent in purpose. They were once bept more distinct than they are today. The undergraduate col lege course of fifty years ago was a folir-year’s course of liberal study which had in view, from beginning to end, discipline of mind. No elect ives were permitted; older and pre- sumablv wiser heads determined the curriculum which experience had show’n to have the greatest discipli- narv value. The classics wor<» read to improve the taste, and construed to exercise the judgment, and mem- n-Gofl | n strengthen the memory. All of th°se things were regarded as the aunaratus of mental develop ment. The undergraduate coTToge eoursn of todav is a compromise be tween “liberal” and “professional” or otbe r utilitarian a'ms in education. Disciplln,. and Instrnrtion together give culture; neither of them takes aecount of the world without, except as a means of man’s improvement. Facts in nature make possible the exerclsf. of the muscles, the senses, the sensibilities, tbe intellect, and the will. Culture is not literarv or mathematical or scientific, hut human. The world was made for man. not man for the world; and any view of education which represents man lik" a shin in port loading with a general cargo. Is false and pernicious. Tbe ship was built to carry cargo, but man Is more than the’sum of all things else i n the world. The world itself is a great gym nasium for man.^ Through the mas tery of Its secre'ts and the control of ! ts forces he mav develop and har monize al] the powers of his own nature. Bodily exercise is the first con cern i n culture because on- physical environment directly affects our bodily organism. Bodily health and strength are the foundations of practi cal usefulness. The first education is phyiticnl; this is of prime Import through the years of childhood, and neither intellectual nor moral train ing should so enter Into the child’s life as to become a conscious burden and a weariness. The child ideal is physical; the youth feels the quicken ing impulses of Intellectual life, but this does not do away wtih the need of physical training. The active Instruments of the physical organism are the muscles and they should be trained and strengthened by practice and con stant exercise. Their very existence depends upon their use. Use or lose is the universal alternative, and use conditions growth; we may have about all the strength we are willing to use and properly maintain. And nature has no place for the lazy. The passive instruments of tiie physical organism are the senses, and all care should be taken to ren der them acute and to keep them so. Bv the muscles man Imposes himself on the world without; through the senses the world without appeals to the man himself. The five senses are avenues of Information. Their function is to perceive; we se o , smell, hear, taste, and touch f>y means of them, and we train them in order that they may report things as they are. It is our concern to secure a true eye, a keen scent, a sensitive ear. a discriminating taste, and a deli cate touch. Whv do we go to th' animal and the savage for ideals of sense perception? We speak of an eagle eye. of the keen scent, of the hound, of the ouick ear of the sav- are. Cannot culture d anything for the senses? there is something wrong wh^n the powef of sense perception in men and women is in inverse ratio to their learning. At th’s ooint 1 lie physical ami in tellectual merge. The sf>nse« are dull because they ar^ not used. The savage looks outward: he is a sun worshipper, a love r 0 f nature, a child of the senses. It is a defect in our sv‘-t“rn of eduction that as the in tellept flx°K habits of Introspection It forsakes habits of perception, end a« a result nerves lose tbeir sensitive ness. and sight grows dim and hear ing dull, and man sinks into self- inflicted solitude. Her? is on'* of t v >e dangers o' study It is unnatural for nti|n. like tb'> night-blooming cereus. to reach hie full activity only under tbe lamp light; such study is a weariness to thp flesh and of little wo-th to the world. Archimedes on the sands of Syracuse complaining of his circles is not an ideal of culture, for ab stract thought is nothing so long as it is abstract. Archimedes’ circles should have saved Syracuse. Ab straction and narrowness and apathy are foes to culture. Education should bring to man that renaissance which discovers to him the world and himself and the world’s relation to himself. Mr. Kipling has written an alle gory of awakening. It is “The Ship that Found Herself.” She was a lit tie cargo steamer of two thousand five bunded tones, and she was new. and her skipper said of her.—“She’s all here, but the parts of her have not learned to work together yet, They’ve had no chance." And the little steamer put out to sea, and a short while after she had cleared the Irish coast a sullen, gray- headed old wave of the Atlantic climbed leisurely over the hows and sat down on the steam capstan, and the capstan sputtered through the teeth of his cogs, and then the deck beams complained of the capstan and the stringers felt the strain and complained to the deck beams, and then an echoing rumble came from the frames, and a thousand little rivets whispered together. And this was the first of many waves, and all the voices of the little ship rose in complaining—each at variance with his neighbor. Your instructors have heard such voices. Mr. Kipling says. “If you put your ear to the side of the cabin the next time you are in a steamer, you will hear hundreds of little voices in every direction, thrilling and buz zing, and whispering and popping, and gurgling and sobbing and squeak ing exactly like a telephone in a thunder storm.” Then the little wave-swept steamer pitched and rolled and had a hard time of it. “You don’t mean to say there’s any one except us on the sea in such weather?” said the funnel, in a husky snuffle. ‘‘ ‘Scores of 'em,' said the steam, clearing its throat. And then an unexpected thing happened. “ ‘We have made a most amazing discovery,’ said the stringers, one after another; ‘a discovery that en tirely changes the situation. We have found for the first time in the history of shipbuilding, that the in ward pull of he deck beams and the outward thrust of the frames locks ns, as it were, more closely In our places, and enables us to endure a strain which is entirely without parallel in the records of marine architecture.’ ” “The steam turned a laugh quicbly into a roar up the fog-horn. ‘What massive intellects you great stringers have!” he said, softly, when he had finished. And so the story tells how the complainings ceased, and how at last, all the talking melted Into one dee*' voice, which w r as the soul of the ship. Now I would tell you plainly and without a figure what culture should do for thought. It makes thought, first, concentrated; second, clear; third, free; fourth, patinet. The mind is a tireless energy, an ebb and flotf of endless motion as restless as the sea. This energy the will must master and control, must concentrate uoon any desir’d object of thought until such subordination to the will becomes habit and the mind obeys and follows as the sea follows the moon. Concentration of mind is not easy. The thousand di verting influences are always pre sent. Ideal conditions for thinking are never found: it is our task to make the best of the real conditions —to study anywhere, at any time, under any circumstances; to concen trate thought w'hen and where it Is needed most, whether it be in the office or in the recitation room or in danger, anywhere that the exigencies of life may nlace us. The man who can centre all his mental energy up on a single point finds few obstacles to his progress, and realizes in such concentration of thought one of the purposes of culture. Thought should be clear also. Feeble brain energy in contact with the atmosphere of things without nroduceg a sort of mental fog that is sometimes mistaken for thought. And there are many who live and die enveloped in such fog and never know what it is to cast a shadow: We want, no men without a shadow. Wfe want, rather, to live, all of us, in a clear intellectual light. We want to see things clearly, to look uu into such a sky as he astronomers love when the stars set in the deep blue shine undimmed like living fire. Analyze all subjects of study and persist in such analysis. Analyze for your own sake that you may have clear 4 Ideas, and analyze for the sake of others that you may impart ideas clearly, it is as pernicious and un mannerly to leave an idea half ap- nrehened and vaguely understood as it is to leave any other piece of worb half done; to talk obscurely is only one degree more mannerly than to break off in the midst of a sentence 9nd turn abruptly away. A few rlear ideas are better than any fog of thought even though it were vast pnongh to cover the Grand Banks. Thought should be free. Free ‘bought is bold; the discoverers in ‘ iou«rht are brave men. Fear of un- conventionality, fear of nop-cqnfor-) mity, fear of Innovation enslave thought whe n it ought to he free to go if it can into the primal solitudes and blaze a new way through the untrodden wilderness. Such thought Is independent in its essential pro cesses and conclusion- its guiding principle is truth. This is of the greatest practical importance. Why do studnets travel like the lame and the halt and the blind, limping and groping along, availing themselves of all manner of make-shifts when it is their privilege to walk upright like men? Cyclopaedias and thans- lations and commentaries and keys are misused to save the indolent and the foolish from that very exercise of free thought which it is the object of his training to encourage. There was a time when free thought had many foes from without. It was not always safe to speak the truth. But w> have free speech in America. Yet there are foes to free thought quite as insidious and threatening as any evil statute could he. There is a legion of prejudices still to be cast out. He who seeks culture will not abide prejudice or indolence or fear. Finally, thought should be patient. Patience endures to the end; having entered upon a course of study it never gives up: having undertaken to solve a problem it never fails. And patience through years of study is not easy. There comes a time in the course when It seems as though energy were almost exhausted. Cc’- lege work is preparation and youth is not patie 1 in preparation; youth hungers and thirsts for achievement and is impatient of delay. But it is a parto of culture to wait. So far we have considered the aims of physical and intellectual education. They are summarized in the saying—“Mans sana in sano corpore.” But this is not all that culture can do. It is the soul's har mony at last. Education is the development of harmony in human life. It is like the tuning of an orchestra; there is here and there the touch of a bow on a violin, and a throb or two of the petulant drums: and now the complaining of a discordant string, and the deep breahing of he viols and the bird notes of the clarionet. By and i»y upon the dissonance there falls a hush. And presently there is a breath of awakening music and in the midst, of it a few clear notes of glad acceleration. Then it rises and like a wind that gathers strenghth, it passes on in a full sweeping harmony. Spiritual quality is the touchstone of all excellence whatsoever. If a man glories in his intellect let him reflect that Satan himself is his superior. Intellectual power is not inconsistent with great wickedness, and so a man may be learned and be very miserable; he may be the world’s authority in many things and, nevertheless, envy the meanest laborer who lives in contentment. The most important factor in man is not his physical being, not his in tellect, not his sensibilities, but himself. Culture which strengthens the body and disciplines the mind and refines the taste and neglects the man is not worthy to be called culture. How can that be wholesome which ignores the very essence of th e whole? Man lives to regain the lost image of god. To this end he must live in the contemplation of Him whom he seeks to be like. The obligation to godliness is not arbit rary or unnatural. In just propor tion as we live in harmony with the laws of our own structure, and so without friction and without sin we approach God’s likeness as in the beginning. How is this highest culture gained? Life is eminently practical and ser ious, and it is best to iiee wll things from empty theorizing on the one hand and from cant on the other: Personality is quickened by personal ity and not otherwise. Therefore It Is that the personal influence of our teachers is of greater Import than their knowledge. We accepted our teachers before we accepted their teaching and we shall remember them long after their teaching Is forgotten. 'Methods in education vary with the nature of the subject taught «Phy»i- cal culture is imparted and gained by physical exercise; intellectual culture by an act of reasoning, and spiritual culture by spiritual sugges tion and discernment. The means of the physical is an apparatus, of the intellectual a word, of the spiritual atmosphere. The old writers told a story and then told the moral, but You know that morals explicity stated find little favor with the people and the people are right. The real moral needs no such statement; it is always the essential atmosphere, everywhere imminent, nowhere obtruded. Spiritual truth is |he ^llfe^Ivinj truth: H is an ail science, in all lan guage. in all philosophy. All sub jects are dull to superficial students; to the profound all subjects are won derful with the power of an endless life. Seek the ultimate in all kinds of learning and it is self-asserting, self-justifying. Tills is the uniform spirit which gives relation and mean- inn to all things and constitutes the universe. Happy is he who sees the great Order,—the Macrocosm. For the vision of It comes only as the crown of that culture which is a per vasive harmony, a counterpart and <opy of the greater Cosmos. Thus man becomes the Microcosm.—the Order, which is yet the sufficient and enduring end of all that has be-,, in this world and of all that is to be. The diploma that you hold to-day is a recognition of culture—your own possession. Yet in this hour of al ia nment you will still remember that al’ this is preparation. Being finds Hs function in living. Culture finds its uso in many forms of self-expres sion.. From study you go forth to service and even on commencement day I would think relatively less of attainment and more of enduement for service. Two influences there are insepar- able from our humanity, both of them a Divine heritage—ambition and imagination. Ambition is the reponsiveness of the soul to the Divine gift of author ity and dominion. To subdue the earth and possess it is instructive. Hence comes the spirit of wandering, hence tho loneliness and restless ness of the soul. This is the thought that swept over the writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews when he des- scribed the patriarchs as pilgrims and strangers in the earth. ‘‘For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country.” The spir it of wandering is obedience to a heavily vision. You should know Kiplingfs “Ex plorer;’’ “There’s no sense in going further— it’s the edge of cultivation,” So they said, and I believe it—broke my land and sowed my crop— Built my barns and strung my fences in the little border station Tucked away below he foothills where the trails run out and stop. Till a voice, as bad as conscience, rang int Q rminable changes On one everlasting whisper day and night repeated—so; “Something hidden. Go and find it. Go and look behind the ranges— “Something lost behind the ranges. Lost and waiting for you. Go!” So it is that the soul is stirred by voices of the fields and the sky and the sea and the forces that range to and fro between them. And all the winds of circumstance stir humanity to new endeavor. Ambition in the wide scope of it is a theme of universal interest to humanity, it is a central theme in our books, i would not here speak of perverted ambition, but of the wholesome aspirations of the cultur ed man or woman for self-expression. Do you remember Stevenson’s "Will o’ the Mill?” It is an allegory on the consequences of suppressing ambition—neglecting the spirit of wandering. In the midst of the story Stevenson turns aside to think of this spirit possessing the souls and bodies of men leading them in great migrations. “The fame of other lands had reached them; the name of the eter nal city rang in their ears; they were not colonists, but pilgrims; they traveled toward wine and gold and sunshine, but their hearts were set on something higher. That divine unrest, that old stinging trouble Of humanity that makes all high achieve ments and all miserable failure, the sam e that spread wings with Icarus, the same that sent Columbus Into the desolate Atlantic, inspired and supported these barbarians on their perilous march. There la one legend which profoundly represents their spirit, of how a flyiiig party of these wanderers encountered a very old man shod with Iron. The old' man asked them whether they were go ing; and they answered with one voice; ‘To the Eternal City!’ He looked upon them gravely. ‘I have sought it.’ he said, ‘over the most part of the world. Three such pairs as i now earn' on my feet have I worn out upon thi" pilgrimage, and now the fourth is growing slender underneath my steps. And all this while i have not found the city.’ And he turned and went his own way alone, leaving them astonished. “Will o’ the Mill” is the wanderer’s parable of the stayer-at-home. This is the burden of it; Once there was a man who feeling the universal Impulse of wandering became resentful at the material limitations of humanity, and resign ing hhnseif to apathy lived in a state of passive protest against the order of God’s world. And he sat down while the world and happiness, also, wandered on. And in course of time he was left alone. And when he had become an old ma n he dreamed of happiness—of boyhood, of Marjorie and the sweet- nesg of heliotropes, and of starlight But it was only a dream. And death came at last and was welcome. And the old man said,— “I have been waiting for you these many years. You were the only friend I had to look- for.” Out of the deepest convictions of mind and heart Stevenson forged this maxim—“Acts may be forgiven; not even God can forgive the hanger- back.” If you would know the universal import of ambition study the poets. In his college note-boob Sidney la- nler wrote, “A poet Is the mocking bird of the spiritual universe. In him are collected all the individual songs of all Individual natures.” To live Is to wander and every lyric Is a wander-song, it Is God’s will that you be ambitious, that you cast the best gifts, that you seek to “xcel, that you go into all the world. This is the meaning of the song of the Chattahoochee: “But oh, not the hills of Habersham, And. not the valleys of Hall Avail; I am fain for to water tbf* plain. ^ . Downward the voices of duty call— Downward, to toil and be mixed with U^.g^ain, The dry fields burn, and the mills are to turn, And a myriad flowers mortally yearn. And the lordly main from beyond the plain Calls o’er the hills of Habersham. Calls through the valleys of Hall.” 1 have seen the smooth sea on a summer morning white and still, and then the breath of a rising wind has stirred it into curves tremulous as birds’ wings. Long ago the poetry of the East called this the wings of the morning. We speak of the “wings of fancy’’ and “the realm of fancy.” There is a reverent thought that this realm of wandering is also God’s world. You will remember the words of the Psalmist, “If I take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea eve n then shall thy hand lead me and thy right hand shall hold me.” One of the most familiar religious ideas is that God created man In his own Image. To guard and develop the moral nature of man—a nature susceptible of change through in flu nee—man was endued with imagi nation, a n image-making power with in him whose function was to keep* before his mind images of Divine beauty. We shall do well to observe care fully the pictures in the long corri dors of the mind. The imagination is continuously active; and though the image of God be lost some image will be pictured there and the Imagi nation will still be fulfilling its funct ion of influencing the mind through idealization. I will tell you an allegory of your own life it may be. It Is a true story of Tennyson. A poet lived In his palace of art surrounded with the pictures of hte imagination. Day by day he them In contemplation in the mere joy of sensuous beauty, and ell his days were spent In the careless Joy ousness of expressing images In words. And it pleased his sensitive soul to say that this was “Art for art’s sa’ e.” Through the long sound ing corridors he wandered, thrpugh the great rooms and small—“Some were hung with arras green and blue.” “One seem’d all dark and red—a tract of sand.” “One show’d an iron coast and angry waves. You seem’d to h|4 r them climb and fall.” And all w'asSrery beautiful. And while the man lingered there his soul wandered on. and came into an open place. And the sould knew that this was his native air strange ly awakening and fraught with the meaning of things. And he sawthit his palace of art was merely the en trance pavilion, that the pictures there were forms of a beauty super nal that should be revealed. And the soul called the man out from the shadows of beauty and they two went on together seeking beauty. I would that I could bring you on commenct-ment day the gift of a word fitly spoken said 0 f old to be like apples of gold in pictures of silver. Wonderful is the imagination of youth. Pictures appear and fade in bright succession on the enduring fabric of your life. And you are changing, subtly changing as the pictures come and go. At the «md of his literary life, reviewing the splendid pictures of the imagination, Shabespeare wrote: “The cloud-capp’d towers, the gor geous palaces. The solemn temples, the great glob* itself, Yea, all which It Inherit, shall dis solve. And, like this Insubstantial pageant faded, Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff As dreams are made on; and onr llttlQ 11^0 Is rounded with a sleep.” And God wills It that strong imagination shall picture forms of Divine beauty to the end that there shall be developed again the image of God that was lost. Scriptures interpret the of the imagination. unveiled face beholding as In a mir ror the glory of the Lord, a*» trans formed into the same lm^» MM fflory to glory. “Such stuff an dreams are wiaSe on” This is your life and the world has no thought long enough to measure it and nothing high enough to value it. Among my early recollection of school is a Latin motto, “Non scholae sed vitae discimus”—we learn not for school but for life. A modern philosopher has wished to shift the emphasis and has said “School Is life.” I should prefer to say every life is a school and education is like the ladder Jacob saw raised in the dust reaching to the throne of God And this is the scope 0 f It— The child lives in the presen^Tfe has no past, he knows no future. Soon this Eden brightness is cloud ed over; shades 0 f t]j e prison house of Time closes about him—the im pending future and the lingering past. Simple enjoyment of the pre vent is characteristic of the child and awakening voices—incentives and memories—call him away from his childish content. And so we for sake our Eden or are driven from it The present is left a vacant house and life becomes an abstraction, a thing of visions and dreams. We are I’ngt-ring in the past or prying into the future ©n the confines of time. And under the Influence of this pil- grimag e the fine long days of child hood are becoming shorter. The last veer of my life is th<- snortest I have known and y^t the years to come will seem shorter. As a chib] I knew only the present, as a man I know chiefly the past and the future. My own problem in education is to centre my life in the present, redeem ing the tim e by the experience of the' last and by tbe faith in tbe future. (Continued on page 4.) • *