Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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i 4 . VAST PARK FOR GAME Cattleman’s Plan to Establish One In a Texas Canyon. IITUIE’S RETREAT TOR THE WILD Cbe Pre»«“rve Near Canyon City Wonld He About Fifty Mllea Look fcy From Five to Ten Wide—Con vent of Stnto of Texna and Help From the Natlonnl Government Are ■ ecded. Charles Goodnight, a noted cattleman *f tlie ranhandle of Texas, proposes, If the consent of the Texas state govern- ■aent and financial aid of congress be given, to form nn association for the •Rtahll'limint in Palodura cnnj’on, near Canyon City, of a preserve for bnffulo and other wild animals native tu the southwest and also of a ranch for the propagation of a breed of beef animal, which he has named “catalo," tlie same being a cross of the buffalo and the thoroughbred domestic beef animal, says the Kansas City Star. The canyon is a chasm through which runs Palodura creek, one of the head- waters of Ited river, and Is about fifty gilles long by from five to ten wide. It begins with a series of precipices, by which It falls about 200 feet and tlience by sharp declivities until Its greatest depth Is 1,200 to 1,500 feet. Through thg entire distance the little ■Cream traverses u narrow valley, and all the way on both sides the walls are almost perpendicular. Tlie valley is fertile land and Is cov ered witli a growth of large forest tees which, wherever it Is possible for Item to take root, even climb the rocky bluffs. These trees are the pecan, the •1m, the hickberry, the walnut, the ap’ramore, the cottonwood and the ce dar. The cedar attains an enormous growth and Is claimed by scientific ■aon who have visited the canyon to be •le same as the cedar of Lebanon of Scriptural fame. The trees of the ■anyon and the bases of the bluffs which confine It are covered with wild grapevine, Virginia creeper and other dlmblng vegetation. Beneath It all the «reek meanders, sometimes flowing peacefully, hut more often brawling Its way over rocky precipices. In the bluffs nature has made caves where bears, wolves, wildcat and pan ther live, and In crevices smaller fur animals make their homes. In the depths of the forest deer and antelope ahonnd. In the trees song birds build Ihelr nests, and high up In crags of the Muffs eagles have their eyries. In the deeper waters of the creek game fish abound, and muskrat burrow In the yielding soil. It Is nature's retreat for *><! wild, and to save the nntlvflwHd animals from total extlnctlonalr. Goodnight Is willing to head a move- ■sent to collect them In pairs or herds and place them in the canyon for fu ture preservation. If the two governments do their part Mr. Goodnight offers to give outright to the association a herd of more than 100 buffalo which he has preserved on Ids ranch. This Is the only herd of fee American bison In the southwest, where It formerly found winter pasture la herds of countless thousands, and Mr, Goodnight thinks it ought to be preserved by government here on Its aatlve health. Mr. Goodnight would eorral the buffalo and the “catalo” on fee prairie adjacent to the rim of the •anyon. The other animals he would confine In separate corrals In the Gepths of tlie canyon. He chooses the prairie for the buffalo and for the cross breed becauae the native grasses of the plains are na ture's food for these animals. They will eat other food, but they prefer fee native pasture, and In no other part of America are these grasses so nu tritious as here upon the staked plain la the Texas Panhandle. The land li net public domain, but enough, in cluding the canyon, may be purchased fer the use Mr. Goodnight proposes. Indeed, many large holders have of fered for a nominal price to convey to fee proposed association lands which feey own In the canyon and bordering It The transfer must be done soon, however, for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe by Its main line and branch from Canyon City Is dally carrying a greater Immigration Into that country. Collecting and propagating bis henl of buffalo and breeding the “catalo'’ have cost Mr. Goodnight much time, patience and money, and, although It has been and still Is a labor of love for Mm, he Is willing for the government fe take the work over, for he now Is aeventy or more years old, past the age of active usefulness, and since he has nobody to band It down to be wants to make sure feat what he has a* well undertaken will not be sns r ded or abandoned. He bellevea that fee “cata£>'’ he has made a beef animal superior to any other breed and feat the next generation will even tm- grove upon It President Roosevelt It ■ said, has signified a wIHlngnaaa to fecommend fee project to congress If Vezas will cede jurisdiction of the can A TROPICAL TERROR. i Mont of I.IvIiir Thlnsii la F<| uu lor in I Africa. Luropoai's who visit the great equa torial forests of Africa are subject to many risks, but none perhaps so dan gerous as contact with the basbikouay. or great bull ant, which Is said to be j the most dreaded of living things to be j found in that region. It is gluttonous | In the extreme. That wliicb it attacks | it consumes on tlie spit nothing is carried away fur further convenience ; Elephants, leopards, gazelles, lions, snakes, gorillas, monkeys, even the human aborigines of the districts it i Infests, fly from any neighborhood 'in which thoji know it to be located. Ac cording, to well accredited reports. : these awe inspiring bull ants travel | like locusts, in vast armies, marching ! in a line two inches or more broad an i miles in length. One of tlnwe •. inics has been known to take twelve hours i to pass a von point. These ants pro | fer the shade and. rather than be ex posed to the rays of the blazing sun, will burrow tunnels under the surface of the ground and thus travel until I they come to the shelter of trees. Any animal which, unaware of the proxim- . ity of the bull ant and reposing In i the solitude of the volt, happens to be | attacked has no chance of escape. It | Is devoured with Irresistible fury, and within a few minutes a pile of bleached bones marks the spot where It reposed. A great deal of valuable Information about tills dreaded creature has been published by a French zoologist, M. de Cbailler, who h;rs described a personal I encounter with tlie bull ant. “I re- inemlxff well the first time I met the basblkouays on a raid. I knew not i what was in store for me. I was hunt- i lug by myself, when suddenly the for est became alive with the foe. A sud den dread seized me, and I stood still In the hunting path, resting on my gun. Suddenly, as if by magic, I was cov- i ered and bitten everywhere. I fled In i haste and found refuge In a deep 1 stream, yet even then the strong pinch ers of tlie ants would not give way, ! and though the bodies were torn off the i heads remained. The native tribes, i'when a man Is condemned for wltch- | craft, generally fasten him to a tree before an Inroad of these ants. After i they have passed a shining skeleton I alone Is left to tell the tale.” THE SCENT OF SICKNESS. Afoat Dtaraaea, It la Claimed, Have Their Charncterlatlc Odora. The acuteness of the sense of smell is far greater In many of the lower ani mals—dogs, for example—than In man, and they employ It In guiding them to their food, In warning them of ap proaching danger and for other pur poses. The sphere of the susceptibility to various odors Is more uniform and extended In man, and the sense of smell Is capable of great cultivation. Like the other special senses, It may be cultivated by attention and prac tice. Experts can dlscrimlnats quali ties of wines, liquors, drugs, etc. Dis eases have their characteristic odors. Persons who have visited many dif ferent asylums for the Insane recog nize the same familiar odor of the In sane. It Is not Insane asylums alone, but prisons, Jails, workhouses, armies In camp, churches, schools and nearly every household that have characteris tic odors. It Is when the Insane, the prisoners and the soldiers are aggre gated In large groups or battalions that their characteristic odor Is recog nized. Most diseases have their char acteristic odors, and by the exercise of the sense of smell they could be util ized In different diagnoses. For example, favus has a mousy odor, rheumatism has a copious sour smelling, acid sweat. A person af flicted with pyaemia has a sweet, nau seating breath. The fank, unbearable odor of pus from the middle ear tells the tale of the decay of osseous tissue. In scurvy the odor Is putrid, In chron ic peritonitis musky, In scrofula like stale beer, In Intermittent fever like fresh baked brown bread, in fever am- monlacal. In hysteria like vloleta or pineapple. Measles, diphtheria, typhoid fever, epilepsy, phthisis, etc., have characteristic odors.—Philadelphia Itee ord. Fair Warnlnar. An old time English barrister was John Williams, a sarcastic wit and a bachelor with an intense prejudice against marriage. His clerk one day asked him for a holiday to get mar : rled, and some mouths afterward, on entering his chambers. Williams found I his dead body suspended from Ihe door. He engaged another clerk ami i asked him If he was married. “No," the clerk replied, but thinking that Wil liams would regard marriage as a guarantee of steadiness he added, “but I am going to lie.” “Very well,” re plied Williams, “but understand this— when you hang yourself don’t do It 1 here!” Movelty Im Hotels. A unique hotel which, owing to Its ■fender shape, li called the Toothpick fe being erected In San Frandeco. It was being pnt up at the time of fee •arthquake, and fee steel skeleton was uninjured. Now, Instead of finishing fee walls wife stone and brick, as was flrst intended, great plates of boiler feon will be riveted on, just aa fee unnor of bettlesblpe la The steel plates Strengthen fee structure of fee build feg. It Is said, cannot be shaken off and present a smooth surfieoe for patut- Fixlng Her Face. She started, recoiled and then bent anxiously nearer her mirror. i “A wrinkle, as I’m alive!" she ex claimed. i She was of a bouyaut temper, how i ever. I “I suppose I’ll have to put a good face on It,” she said, reaching forth with for fee necessary materials.— Puck. An Ecnaoml<'al‘ Place. Short—I say. old man, will you loud me $6 for nn hour? Long—No. Go and sit In fee park for an hour; then you won’t need It."—Chicago News. WILES OF THE CHEFS * BANQUET TIDBITS ARE NOT ALWAYS WHAT THEY SEEM. M A Cud and n French Cook Can Work SI Iraclen" — The UrciiMt of One “Chicken" ll.tn llecn Kuo' in to Sat isfy Twelve IIiinKry Dlnem. It has almost passed Into a proverb feat many of the dishes served up in cheap restaurants, where nothing is wastad, are, to put It mildly, mysteries. But, on fee other hand, most people who patronize fashionable and more ! ambitious restaurants are generally I content to accept the menu for what it ; Is said to be. This blind trust Is some- ! what abused, and the amount of “fak- I lug” which goes on today In some of the well to do establishments would probably surprise those who are uu- Init'ated In the higher branches of the ! culinary art. For instance, by fee addition of veg etable Juice just before being dished up cod cutlets are, at seasons when salmon is very dear, set before cus tomers as salmon cutlets and are, needless to say, charged accordingly. I This deception, according to an ex- ! chef, Is wisely practiced not only in better class restaurants, but also on some of the great liners. Another popular trick as practiced : by tbe restaurateur Is to serve a veal iteef done up overnight In salted baud- ! ages, while a skillful chef has very little ditllculty in palming off flatfish for sole on epicures who pride them selves on the soundness of their judg ; ment of cooking. On one occasion some time ago a | dinner for seventy-five people was or dered at a well known fashionable res- ; taurant In the upper part of New York. A large consignment of salmon had 1 been previously ordered, but, to the | consternation of the chef, fee dinner hour slowly approached and still no salmon arrived. In despair the chef, a Frenchman, decided to "take tlie bull by fee bonus” and procure another fish to do duty for the coveted salmon. Accordingly he sat to work to turn cod cutlets Intosalm- on cutlets, and this rapid transforma tion was soon effected by an addition of vegetable juice. The waiters, who naturally were aware of this whole sale deception, were given express or ders to report any complaints to the chef at once. However, to the Intense delight of the chef, all passed off well, and on hearing that his subterfuge had not been detected he gleefully ex claimed, “Ah, a cod and a French cook can work miracles." Green peas at certain seaso .s of fee year are naturally a luxury quite be yond fee reach of the man of average means, while even caterers for fashion able hotels themselves frequently have the greatest difficulty In getting a suf ficiently large quantity to meet the de mand. However, to fake peas does not offer any great difficulty In times of stress, and by adding vegetable color ing matter yellow peas are quite com monly served up as green peas along with fee duck and flavorless new po tatoes, which more often than not come from abroad. Roast veal served wife a thick white sauce makes, says a well known chef, a most satisfactory substitute for fee breast of chicken, and therefore it does not come altogether as a surprise to learn feat the breast of one chicken has been known to satisfy twelve hungry diners. “The staff take good care of tbe breast of a chicken.” was the comment of a waiter who was being for the first time Initiated Into the mystery of how to feed • dozen people off one chicken. Perhaps tbe cleverest deception prac ticed by eminent chefs is fee art of manufacturing the lobster patty, so dear to fee heart of fee epicure. This appetizing dainty would at first sight ■eem to defy even the most Ingenious cookery fakir. However, here again the artful chef has overcome apparently Insuperable difficulties, and many tooth some looking lobster patties are thus not always quite what they are said to be. The deception Is worked In this way: A common crustacean Is boiled and the meat carefully chopped off and put Into a mortar, while afterward part of the shell Is added. The mixture Is theu vigorously pounded as fine as possible, and on the addition of flavoring It would tax fee powers of the most critical connoisseur to detect any dif ference between the gastronomic mix ture and tbe genuine lobster patty. ‘‘The various deceptions 1 .have told you of,” remarked a famous chef to the writer, “are naturally not prac- ticed every day. but are only utilized in times of emergency, and these emer gency moments arrive more frequently than the trustful customer would Uke did lie but know.’’—New York Tele graph. Scull and SkuU. •■Sculls" and “skulls” are really one word iu origin, and both at various times have been spelled capriciously with a “c” or a “k.” Pepys, fee diarist, tells how he went on fee Thames at one time “Iu a scull,” at another la a “slcuner.” Tbe origin of fee word la “skulle” or “seulle,” a bowl or goblet. While the cranium was obviously bow- Mke Iu shape, a distant resemblance to a bowl was also detected In fee scoop ed out blade of a “scull” as opposed to the flat blade of an oar proper. DAVIS FOR ROW IN SENATE Arlinnniin Stiyw ThercTl He “Soinc- thiiiK A\ lien He GcIn There. Governor Jefferson Davis, newly elected 1'nlted States senator from Ar kansas, in an interview at Brookha- ven. Miss, the other night said politi cians preach harmony, but It Is not harmony that Is needed so much as an old fashioned row In the United States senate. "With gentle, kind spirited Bob Tay lor of Tennessee, ‘Pitchfork’ Tillman of South Carolina, the fearless Varda nian of Mississippi, there will be a first class row. When I get to tbe senate there will be something doing In town." Ho said that the race of life in this day and time Is not the fair and equal one which was In the minds of the framers of this government; that the combinations of capital called trusts have defeated the objects of the con stitution and of law. It Is a day of commercialism, of greed and of graft. People place gold above God ami mon ey above me i. He saw danger to tin* government from two kinds of organ! zations- the unholy combinations of the very wealthy for greed and graft may destroy It; the very poor, in their distressed- and downtrodden condition, may combine to turn and rend it. To the third class, tlie middle class, who love and serve the God of their fa triers, fee honest yeomanry of the re public, is committed the task of saving the government If it is to be saved. He declared a belief that no man ever made a million dollars honestly; that to accumulate that vast sum ho must trample on the heads and hearts of his fellow creatures. “But the trust is not the only evil,” said fee senator. “There are the bucket shops. Tlie bucket shop has brought more misery, ruined more homes, wrecked more businesses and made more straight men crooked and destroyed more lives than any other agency. Why Is the bucket shop an evil? Because It gam bles on tbe fruits of labor and upon the products of the soil." He gave a graphic description of a visit to the New York Cotton Exchange, which he called the great “bucket shop." where a few gamblers, men who never owned a pound of cotton, stand ing around a brass railing, made a plaything of the south’s great staple. Ills advice was “to organize to help yourself, not against fee merchants, the bankers, the railroads or any oth er, but for self interest." THE SURGEON'S TOOLS! LEM0N FOR grafters. BIG KNITTING TASK. Aged Grandmother MakliiK Ckrlatniaa Stix-klnKN Far 27K Deacrndanta. Knitting busily In the apparently hopeless task of supplying 275 descend ants with stockings for Christmas. Mrs. Jacob Dearinger of Christian county has little time for Idleness, writes a Taylorvllle (111.) correspondent of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Smoking In cessantly, her pipe being a great solace In her old age, she Is busy from morn ing until night with her needles and is very expert In her knitting. She re cently celebrated her ninetieth birth day, having been born in Jessamine comity, Ky., in 1810. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Padgett She married Jacob Dearlnger Sept. L 1836, and to them were born sixteen children. The fifth generation comprises eleven children, bringing fee grand total of descendants of the old lady up to 275, more than any other resident of fee United States. Mrs. Dearlnger Is an ardent support er of President Roosevelt’s theory of antirace snlclde and Is very proud of her remarkable number of descendants. Her husband became blind In 1858 and was an added care. He died In 1882. Mrs. Dearlnger Is In excellent health. She Is a quaint old picture from tbe past as she sits In her easy chair smok ing her pipe. Her children do not be grudge her this pleasure despite the odd appearance to the present genera tion. Moner In Pumpkin Seeds. The farmers of Iowa have discovered a now Industry—the growing of pump kins for the seed—says the New York World. Those who first tried the ex periment found at once the Industry a profitable one. The pumpkin Is plant ed with the com and requires no In crease of acreage for its production, while It yields In seed from $5 to $6 ' per acre. The average price paid Is ! 5 cents i>er pound, and the market has | reached at times as high as 8 cents. I Tbe work of handling the seed Is ear- | rled on by the children of the farm, who flrst take tbe ripe pumpkin and pound It lightly on tbe ground until tbe | seeds are loose In the core. The pump- I kin Is then broken open and tbe seeds scooped out, and they are then washed thoroughly and dried and are ready for the scales. One dealer at Independ ence, Is., annually handles 7,000 pounds of pumpkin seeds and urges tbe farm ers In his region to raise more. In some places tbe children get enough money to pay all their school and col lege expenses. Broken ICuiclUh. Teacher- What are the parts of speech? Tommy Tucker—It’s—It’s when a man stutters. < hieago Tribune. Do what you consider right, what- 1 ever people may think of It. despite : censure and prslse —Pvfeagoraa. Talking Behind Ilea Back. "Don’t you know, dear,” said his wife sweetly, "that It is wrong to talk behind a person’s back?” He was trying to button her waist at the time, and really there seemed to be provocation for his remarks.— Philadelphia Ledger. In fee court of his own consdenc* m guilty man la acquitted.—Jurenal. A Hole la the Ate. Oue of the strange experiences of s balloonist Is that of falling Into M a bole In tbe air,” which Mr. Rolker re ports as follows, says tbe American Magazine: “So you continue sailing, enjoying tbe present with little thought of fee startling surprises that may be be fore you. Ahead of you, unseen, may be what the balloonist calls a ‘bole In tbe air,’ resembling the vortex of a maelstrom, and down this you may lit erally fall at a rate which is terrify ing until, by sacrificing two or three bagfuls of sand at once, your pilot checks yout downward flight. But these ‘holes’ are scarce, and. as a rule, the ntmosphen* Is of uniform carrying power.’’ A3 FEW A3 POSSIBLE USED BY THE MODERN PRACTITIONER. To Remove nn Appendix, For In stance, He Can tarry Fveryttiliia NeccxMary la One of II ix Pocket*. Hand Forwcd Instruments the Best. “A surgeon used to carry n bag of iu strumeuts weighing often us much as twenty-live pounds when he was called to operate,” said a member of fee staff of the New York Postgraduate Med leal School and Hospital the other day. “Today an average operation, such an the removal of an appendix, calls for no more Instruments than can be carried in the pockets. “I have just come,” eoi /inued the doc tor, “from removing an appendix, and here iu tins small package are all the instruments I used—a scissors, two ar tery clamps, two forceps and a needle. Many operations, of course gust to enteric, gynecological and (ho-e that have to do with bones—require more Instruments, but modern science de mands fee use of as few as possible In order that time may be saved. SkiJ and haste are prime factors in an op oration. In fee old days, before anaea thesia was known, this was to shorte/i tlie patient’s agony as much as possible* After ether was discovered surgeons for awhile operated more leisurely, but soon finding out feat the shock to tlie patient remnlnini under ether so long was always dangerous and often fatal they again recognized the Importance fl? swiftness. Diminishing tlie number of instruments was one of the methods for saving time. In the operating room in the old days there was always, no matter what the operation, a good sized table laid out with ten or fifteen score of Instruments, fifty artery clamps scissors, forceps and lancets by tho dozen. It used to take over an hour to remove an appendix, toaay fee averagt is about twelve minutes. “The variety of instruments increases every year as surgeons meet with new needs or solve old problems. In out school here, as iu others, many instru ments have been devised. Especially to those having to do with the eye, ear, nose and throat have we made valua ble additions as well as iu the field of orthopedic appliances. The Hippocrat ic oath precludes fee patenting of any such inventions; consequently all in strumeuts are free to be made by all and every surgical manufactory.” Tbe making of surgical instrument! in fee United States Is nearly contem poraneous with fee beginning of the republic, and one or two of fee promi uent firms today date from long befor* the civil war. In no country are finer Instruments made than In the United States. Though the number of men employed is small, every mao Is a skilled laborer and an artist, with an adroitness often as fine as that of a journeyman jeweler, capable of mak Ing e\ en fee most delicate of the great variety of iustrumenta, amounting to about 10,000, which a surgical house must keep in stock or be ready to pro duce upon order. Cast and drop forged instruments hav£ no lasting value, and once the edge Is worn off feey can never be sat isfactorily resharpened. The process which they undergo demands feat they be brought three times to a white heat. The first time the steel becomes tempered, the second and third time it becomes decarbonized and loses its temper, the result being an instru ment with a shell of bard steel, capa ble of taking a fair edge, but beneath which the metal la soft and uufit to stand honing. “All good Instruments are hand forged Thus prices are doubled and trebled over the prices of cast instru ments because of fee skilled labor and time neee sary to their construction. The workman In a careful factory must make a study of his work and learn the physical qualities of fee steel or metal be works with. Its strength and cutting and tension qual Ities. General operating instruments are made of steel, silver, platinum, gold and aluminium. German steel, owing to its tenacity, is used for for- ceps and blunt instruments; English cast steel for edged tools, as it receives a high temper, a fine polish and re tains Its edge. Silver when pure is very flexible and Is useful for cathe ters, which require frequent change of curve. When mixed wife other metals, as coin silver, It makes firm catheters, caustic holders and cannulated work. Beamless silver Instruments are least liable to corrode. Platinum resists th% action of acids and ordinary beat and Is useful for caustic holders, -actual cauteries and tbe electrodes of the galvano cautery. Gold, owing to its ductility, la adapted for fine tubes, such aa eye syringes and so forth, while aluminium is by Its extreme Lightness suitable for probes, styles and tracheotomy tubes. “Handles are made of ebony, Irory, pearl or hard rubber. Ebony I ad rub bar are need for large Instruments, though these at times hSTS handles of ateeL Ivory’ makes a durable and beautiful handle, though It and ebony are not entirely aseptic, because It la Impossible to boll them for the purpose ef sterilization wlthoot their cracking, leery rod pearl are need fer scalpels and for small instruments like those used In operating on the eye. On tbe whole, the best material for bandies Is hard rubber, since It may be vulcan ized on tbs Instrument, thus making It practically one piece, with no possible seam for the lodging of germs and banc# perfectly safe. "Next to the materials the mode of making determines tbe Instrument's quality. Bteel overheated In tbe forge la brittle or rotten. In shaping with the file the form may be destroyed In hardening and tempering tbe stee. may be spoiled. In every stage the value of the Instrument depends upon the skill applied.’’—New York Boat. Government Fruit Rxperta KxprelaA an Oraaar From Grafting Teat*. Secretary of Agriculture Wilson baa been handed the leuirtu, according to a special dispatch from Washington to the Philadelphia Press. It came from his own experimental nursery. Much to the surprise of officials of his de partment they have on their hands s tree filled with lemons when they were expecting oranges. Several months ago Professor B. G. Galloway, chief of the bureau of tbe C plant Industry, and Herbert W. Wel> ber, his assistant, began experiments In grafting a Florida orange upon a Japanese orange tree known as La Foliata. Their object was to get an or; nge tree that would grow in a cli mate cooler than that of Florida and southern California. The Japanese La Foliata Is hardy and produces oranges iu cool climates, and it was believed a hybrid might be produced that would be Just the tiling to Introduce orange growing in states farther north than Florida. Instead of oranges the hybrid has produced lemons, a fruit almost equal ly valuable and one of which Cali fornia, according to statistics, has pro duced more than 90 per cent In tbe United States. When the fruit was ready to pkk the other day several of the supposed oranges were taken off the tree and peeled. It was found that they were thin skinned, and they gave every appearance of an orange until one of the assistants—Just one- the puckering of whose lips told the tale plainer than his words, exclaimed; "It Isn’t an orange at all! The blamed tree has banded us a lemon!" Professor Galloway was much Inter ested. He, too, tasted of tlie fruit and found It was as sour us a lime. He hur ried to Secretary Wilson at the discov ery and made him a glass of lemonade. The fruit looks like an orange In shape and color, and only In Its sour ness Is It different from the sweeter product. This tree, it Is believed, will grow lemons as far north as Tennes see, North and South Carolina, Arkan sas and other states In fee same lati tude. The tree resists a* temperature of 15 degrees above zero, In such a test only a few buds on the topmost limbs being affected. The department scientists are puz zled and are investigating the cause. The Japanese orange Is not as sweet as the Florida or California orange, but no person around the department expected such a result. NATION OF REDS. We Are BecnntlnK So Because ef Our Habits, Says Ohio Man. D. S. Marvin, aged elghty-one years and u student of nature, of local celeb rity In Shelby, O., says, according to the Cincinnati Enquirer: “I sit In my room, which fronts upon the street, ob serving the persons who pass by and speculate upon their appearance. 1 note that about 75 per cent of those who pass along are no longer white men. They are red men. Why Is It that In Europe we find white men. In Asia yellow men and In Africa black men? The cause of these differences is mainly owing to the climate In which they live. But deeper and beyond this there are other causes, such as the mode of life, the conditions which pre vail between civilization and savage life, but perhaps more than all la a malicious climate. “In America we have red men, end the Influences that have given color to the natives of America are now acting upon and causing tbe white men of this country to become red men. Our children are born red; our old men be come red from exposure to the sun. Our native Indians have become fad men because they led an outdoor Ufa. It may take many generations to bring this about to Its full limit, but It la bound to come. The sun Is the primary cause of all color In the world.” A Clirlntmn* Conceit In Pmmtry. Christmas wreaths are a dainty, sweet conceit for this season of ths year, says Fannie Merritt Farmer In Woman’s Home Companion for De cember. They are made of a simple meringue mixture, whlcb, If one chooses, may be shaped In a variety of ways. Sometimes I add a third of a cupful of shredded cocoanut or chopped nut meats to give a variety. Beat the white of four eggs until stiff and add gradually while beating constantly two-thirds of a cupful of fine granulat ed sugar and continue the beating un til the mixture will bold Its shape. Oat end fold in one-third of a cupful of fine granulated sugar and flavor with half • teaspoonful of vanilla. Shape In wreaths, using a pastry bag and tube, on a wet board covered with letter pa per. Ornament with angelica and rad candles to r epresent holly leaves and berries. Bake thirty minutes In a alow oven and remove from the paper, using • sharp, long bladed knife. Unless one has a very correct eye It la well te have a guide for shaping these rings. Mark circles on tbe letter paper with a lead pencil, nslng a doughnut cotter for a pattern. The Boaaetaar Ber. During these raw, damp, chilly days It Is Interesting to observe whet the 1 Bev. Mr. Chsdband described aa "the happy, bounding boy,” says the Chica go Chronicle. Grownups go along with heavy overcoats buttoned up and heads v Incased In gloves. Tbe “bounding boy” acorns an overcoat ha wears on the back of his bead a cap tbe size at a postage stamp, and be thrusts bis hands In his pockets when be feels tbe necessity of warming them. His knlck- erbockered legs look chilly, bet be de clares that they «v» est At eny rate be manages to -'■« along with about one-fourth the cfc*^*^ of his adult relatives That Is why be ts a “beaad- Ing boy *