The ledger. [volume] (Gaffney City, S.C.) 1896-1907, June 16, 1898, Image 1
WE GUARANTEE
The Reliability of Every Adver
tiser Who Uses the Col-
i umns of This Paper.
The Ledger
F. 0. Stacy.
President.
J. G. Wardi-Aw,
V f ice-Proslder}t
THE HATIOML BAHX OF GAFFHE?..
Capital $jo,ooo.oo.
AVili. buy county claims, receive deposits
and make liberal loans on approved paper.
I>. C. KotM, t'asnier.
A Newspaper * n that the Word Implies and Devoted to the Best Interests of the People of Cherokee County.
ESTABLISHED FEB. 16, 1894.
GAFFNEY CITY, S. C.,
THURSDAY, JUNE 16, 1898.
$1.00 A YEA It.
FROM ETTA JANE
BY THE SAGE OF LOWER
CHEROKEE.
News Items of Local Interest Tersely
Told for the Edification and
Enlightment of Ledger
Readers.
(Correspondence of The Ledger.)
Etta Jake, June lo.—Yesterday
the Salem Sunday school decided to
have Children’s Day on Thursday,
August 4th.
Rev. Mr. Thomason preached at
Abingdon Creek yesterday. His text
was 1st John, 2:19. His discourse
was a powerful effort to the back
sliders.
The weather with us is still dry.
Showers were passing about yester
day.
Gardens are complete failures in
many places. The field crops, where
regularly worked, are doing fairly
well.
The Fowler Brothers began thresh
ing last Saturday evening. They
threshed something over 100 bushels
on thfoir own place.
Several parties from this section
went to Piney Grove picnic last Sat
urday and report an enjoyable time.
We understand that Mr. W. P.
Goforth will come home from Cam-
pobella this week and bring his bride.
Willie is one of Cherokee’s best young
men and we wish him and his life
partner a Jong, happy and prosper
ous life. He lias been taking a busi
ness course in the Campobella High
School.
Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Lotspeich, of
Gaffney, are visiting friends and rela
tives in this section this week".
The Gaffney Lf.dgbr was the first
paper in which was suggested the
name of Gen. M. C. Butler as com
mandant of U. S. troops in the Span-
ish-Cuban-American war. He’s a
good one, too.
Our colored neighbor, P. R. David
son, has discovered his mistake in
what he said through The Ledger
two weeks ago in regard to the colored
troops, etc. Its not best to say a
■^reat deal about the class or color
line in connection with this Cuban-
Spanish war. That’s a national and
not a state affair, and the people of
the south (and especially South Caro
lina) do not feel that they arp respon
sible for it. Besides, we are mixed up
with all kinds of people, and those
who either by word or deed directly
or indirectly express a disregard for
the welfare of our women and chil
dren will be carefully watched and
summarily dealt with.
The State’s history is already
blackened with crimes against its
women, and the swift punishment
visited upon the criminal by outraged
humanity, and we can’t be too cau
tious how we act and talk.
There never has been and there
never will be a time when the south
ern white men will fail to respond to
the calls of duty, and God forbid
that there ever should be a time
when the Anglo-Saxon race will not
hold the virtue of their pure and no
ble women as sacred, yea dearer than
life itself.
It will cost a brute (be he white or
black) his neck any time to insult a
decent woman in this country.
Wc have heard it reported that dif
ferent negro men have said what
they intended to do when the white
men go off to the war. Such rumors
create a holy jealousy among the
whites, anything said that gives
the least coloring to the report will
bring summary vengeance upon its
authors.
The colored man is and will con
tinue to be, a citizen of the United
States as long as he conforms to its
laws.
His liberty has costs thousands
upon ten thousands of lives and
rivers of blood, to say nothing of the
immense treasure in money, and he
ought not, for a moment, to question
his right as to whether he ought, or
ought not, to follow the flag of his
country, wherever it leads in be
half of freedom—let his local feircum
stances and surroundings ber what
they may.
We do not wish to charge "P. R.
D.” with any criminal attention in
what he said.
From our acquaintance with him
we believe him to be a fair represen
tative of the best elements of his race,
as well aa a man of more than ordi
nary intelligence.
As a leader of hia race he can do
much to teach them to desist from
the practices and courses which lead
to trouble rather than otherwiae.
A report reached here a few days
ago that two negro men came into
the field where Mrs. Hamp Mitchell,
(who livei on the York side of Broad
river) was at work and ordered her to
E o to the house or they would kill
er. Mrs. Mitchell is the daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. Ben McCuliooh and
his family stands high in the commu
nity In which they live.
a number of tramps and vag
abonds are prowling through the
country who ought to be taken up
and put to work. They are fit sub
jects for the chain gang and ought to
be there—more particularly at this
time than at any other. Some of
them, no doubt are spies selling little
trinkets and humbug medicines.
They dodge through the county
evading tlie officers of the law. Any
citizen has the right to demand of
this class of impositors their license
to peddle in his county and upon his
or their refusal or inability to show
it, have him or them arrested and
treated as other criminals. This
will rid our country of a lot of nui
sances.
From the “Pearl of Days” we get
the following which teaches an impor
tant lesson on Sabbath observance:
“Girard, the infidel millionaire, of
Philadelphia, one Saturday ordered
all of his clerks to come next day to
his wharf and unload a newly-arrived
ship. One young man replied (juietly :
“Mr. Girard, I can’t work on Sun
day.” “Your know our rules,” said
Girard. “Yes, I know. I have a
mother to support, but I can’t work
on Sunday,” says the young man.
“Well, step up to the desk and the
cashier will settle with you,” said his
employer.
For three weeks the young man
could find no work, but one day a
banker came to Girard to ask if he
could recommend a man for cashier
in a new bank. This discharged
young man was at once named as a
suitable persoff.
“But,” said the banker, “you dis
charged him.”
‘Yes,” replied Girard, “because he
would not work on Sundays. A man
who would lose Tiis place for con
science’s sake would make a trust
worthy cashier.” He was appointed.
The question is often asked us:
Where are the Philippine Islands,
and what are their products?
They are nearly on the opposite side
of the world from us—a large group
of Islands in Oceanica lying between
the Pacific ocean and China sea, and
the most important colonial posses
sion of Spain in the east. They ex
tend between north latitude five de
grees and thirty-two minutes and
nineteen degrees and thirty-eight
minutes, and east longitude 117 and
127 degrees. There are atfout 1,400
of theso islands with a total area
of 50,000 square miles. The surface
is mountainous and of volcanic sub
structure; the soil highly fertile, pro
ducing sugar, tobacco, indigo, coffee,
rice, spices, vanilla,, cotton, the
cereals and choicest fruits. The na
tives are a mixed Malay and Papuan
stock and in the interior constitute
wild and independent tribes. Ma
nila is the capital and is the resi
dence of the Spanish Captain General,
orY'ice Roy. The population is 4,319,-
299.
Our friend, Jim Smarr, of Hope-
well, had a rat killing last Thursday,
in which 238 of them “went up the
spout.” His crop of dead rats
weighed o40 pound. Pretty good
work for one killing, Jim. He don’t
know how many rats the dogs de
voured, as two helped him all the
time.
“Blossom” must understand that
I included the Grassy Pond girls in
my estimate of the good looking
women and girls Of Cherokee county
I believe “Grassy Pond” has the
largest number of young people that
I have met in any of our country
churches, and I agree with Blossom
that the girls are good looking—
better looking, really, than the boys
Wednesday and Thursday, August
10th and Uth, is the time for the
Cherokee County Sunday School Con
vention to meet at Gaffney City.
Under the heading “$10 in gold to
be given away to our subscribers.”
The Ledger makes an honost propo
sition both to the advertiser and pur
chaser the outcome of which will be
looked to with great interest. As
we understand it, A goes to Gaffney
and if he sees proper, buys an article
from B, however small or large,
cheap or costly, it makes no differ
ence. He then goes to C and does
the same thing, then goes to D and
so on until he goes to every store or
place of business in town advertising
In The Ledger, and each time he
makes a trip and a purchase has his
name registered. Then the names
having been registered the greatest
number of times by October first
will be entitled to the prizes—#5, $!
and $2 respectively, that is the high
est number will draw $5 and the
next $3 and the next $2. This plan
has been adopted by The Ledger to
show what virtue there is in printer’s
ink. It costs the advertiser or pur
chaser nothing. j. l. b.
Free Pills.
Send your address to H. E. Bucklen
& Co., Chicago, and get a free sample
box of Dr. Kings New Life Pills,
trial will convince you of their iner
its. These pills are easy in action
and are particularly effective in the
cure of Constipation and Sick Head
ache. For Malaria and Liver troubles
they have been proved invaluable
They are guaranteed to be perfectly
free from every deleterious substance
and to be purely vegetable. They do
not weaken by their action, but by
giving tone to stomach and bowels
greatly invigorate the system. Reg
ular size 25c per box. Sold by DuPre
Drug Co.
ENDORSED IN VIRGINIA.
‘The Ledger’s” Sentiments on Adul
terated Flour Approved.
. Richmond, Va. June lUth, 1898.
‘The Ledger”,
Gaffney. S. 0.
Gentlemen:—We have a copy of
your paper today dated June 9th, in
which there is an editorial we have
read with interest, it is the ques
tion of corn Hour, which is really
starch from the corn and many of
the mills who have been employed in
this have made enormous profits at it
and at the same time have forced
many of their honest fellow mills
either into bankruptcy or to doing
their business absolutely without
profit. From the best Information
we can secure, Louisville, Ky. mills,
Nashville mills, Chattanooga and
tnoxville, Tenn., and many of the
Tennesseq, Indiana and Ohio mills
lave made a custom of tiiis practice
for a long time and they have reaped
arge profits out of it for themselves,
and this profit has of course been
especially heavy in the last twelve
months with its cheap corn and
high priced wheat. We wish all
japers of the South would take the
losition you do k and let the trade
Generally know that Hour is adulter
ated with corn meal and make the
trade require evidence of its purity.
Our Virginia State Legislature has
lassed a law requiring every package
of adulterated Hour to be marked
with the word “combination” and
the various ingredients and percent
age of same to be plainly marked on
the package. We do no business in
your market on flour. Unfortunate-
y for urs, we make honest wheat
lour and have found it impossible to
compete with the adulterated flour
from other points, but fortunately
have so far succeeded in* finding
enough people who wanted pure flour
to take a fair percentage of our out
put.
We thank you for your editorial
of the 9th and think if the papers
generally would take the position
you do in this paper on using adulter
ated flour it would do much good.
One thing is certain, that. all mills
have got to use it or the mill that
does use it can run the one that does
not use it out of the market unless
the public will back the honest
miller but strange as it may seem
to us, there is nothing the public
likes better than to be “juggled”
into using an adulterated article be
cause price is cheap.
Yours very truly,
Dunlop Mills.
Webster Locals.
(Correspondence of The Ledger.)
•*
Webster, June 13.—We are hav-
ing exceedingly hot weather now.
J. D. Tate, formerly 5f Lockhart
Shoals, has been visiting relatives in
this section.
Mrs. H. A. Tate, whom we reported
sick last week, is improving.
Miss Bessie Thackston and Mrs. I.
G. Phillips spent the evening at Mr.
H. A. Tate’s last Tuesday.
Unlike “Blossom” of Grassy Pond
we cannot boast of anyone studying
law, but we have some pretty girls
here, and we invite him down to see
them.
Several people from Trough Shoals
were visiting in this section Saturday
night.
A. 0. Tate and 'family visited his
father Saturday.
We hope the Fourth of July cele
bration will be a grand success.
Everyone*should try to maRe it so,
not only in order to derive pleasure
from the day but in memory of those
brave heroes who fought and died in
order that they might gain their in
dependence.
Anonymous.
Blacksburg Graded School Closes.
(Correspondence of The Ledger.)
Blacksburg, June 14.—The Blacks
burg Graded School, after a success
ful tierm, will close on June 17th.
The following program has been ar
ranged for the closing:
On Thursday and Friday nights
exercises will be held in the town
hall.
On Thursday night Prof. B. F. Wil
son, of Converse College will address
the school. There will also be exercises
by primary grades. Friday night
will be devoted to the Senior grades.
The public are cordially invited.
Exercises Thursday night will com
mence promptly at 8 o’clock on ac
count of the little folks. Friday
night at 8:30.
Beats the Klondike.
Mr. A. C. Thomas, of Marysville,
Tex., has found a more valuable dis
covery than has yet been made in the
Klondike. For years he Buffered un
told agony from consumption, ac
companied by hemorrhages; and
was absolutely cured by Dr. King’s
New Discovery for Coneuraption,
Coughs and Colds. He declares
that gold is of little value in compar-
iaon with this marvelous cure;
would have It, even if it cost a hun
dred dollars a bottle. Asthma, Bron
chitis and all throat and long affec
tions are positively cured by Dr.
King’s New Dlecovery for Consump
tion. Trial bottfee free at Du Pre
Drag Co. Regular slsee 50cts. and
(LOO. Guaranteed to cure or price
refunded.
NINETY-EIGHT YEARS OLD.
MRS. SALLIE KIRBY IS THE
OLDEST CITIZEN.
Her Birthday Celebrated by a Family
Reunion in Which Many
Descendants Joyously
Participate.
Orrospondenco of Tne Ledger.)
Ravenna, June 14.—The oldest
person that lives anywhere in
this section of the country, so far
as I know, is Mrs. Sally Kirby,
who lives near Jouesville, in Union
county. She was ninety-eight years
old on the ninth of June, having
been born near Thompson’s branch
three miles south east of Spartan
burg in 1800. Her father was James
Harrison, born near Danville, Va.,
her mother was Rhoda Morris, born
in Union county, near Grindal
Shoals, north side of Pacolet River,
on u farm that afterwards belonged
to Mr. Jack Littlejohn.
In 1818 Sally Harrison was married
to James Kirby. That event occur
red on the north side of I'acolet river
near Easterwood Ford, now Wood’s
Ford, on land now belonging to D. H.
Mathis.
In 1822 she was converted at Gilead
church under the ministry of Rev.
Elias Mitchell; united with that
church and has been a member there
ever since.
Departing somewhat from the ob
ject of this article, I will say that a
few years after baptizing Mrs. Kirby
Preacher Mitchell died under peculiar
circumstances in Chester district,
at Shaw’s grave yard near Brushy
Fork church. It is related that he
often wished to die preaching and es
pecially to die in the pulpit. There
.was an arbor and stand at that place
and he had an appointment to preach
a funeral sermon there on Sunday.
A large crowd .was present and at
the proper time he ascended the
stand, apparently in his usual health*
and gave out the familiar hymn:
“That awful flay will surely come.
The appointed hour make haste.
When 1 mnst stand before my judge
And pass the solemn test.
Just as he had lined out the last
stanza he asked the congregation to
excuse him and sinking down died
in a few moments.
While Mrs. Kirby was never a
very stout woman, her usual weight
being about 111 pounds, she was
always industrious. She is now
bard of hearing and quite blind, but
she has all her reasoning faculties
and talks intelligently and interest
ingly of olden times, and especially
on Christian topics.
From information received. Mrs.
Kirby has more than 400 descendants
in this and sther states. Three of
her grand children, R. J. Kirby, W.
H. Kirby and Mrs. Sarah Jane Lit
tlejohn were present at the reunion,
also nine grand children, forty-three
great-grand children and seven great
great-grand children. All of the
relatives present seemed to take
great interest in their aged ancestors
and were very affectionate in their
conversation and dealings with her.
Mrs. Kirby has always been fond
of the pipe. She smoked twice before
10 o’clock a. m., on her last birthday.
The house in which she lives is
quite old.* havieg been built in 1778,
the second year after the Declaration'
of Independence, though it is not now
standing on the same ground where
it was first built.
the dinner.
One of the realy enjoyable parts of
the program was the/dinner which
was served at the spring. Well filled
baskets, boxes and trunks were un
loaded and spread on a long tempo
rary table arranged in the ebade of
the large oaks. A more tempting
table one rarely ever sees. A com
mittee of young ladies and gentlemen
were announced to waite on the peo
ple, and gracefully and well they
performed their duty. There was no
ugly or boisterous conduct, nothing
to mar the pleasures of the occasion.
This is not often the case, I am sorry
to say, at a public dinner. I don’t
think I ever saw anything of the kind
managed more successfully. No one
went away hungry, yet there was left
enough on the table to have fed as
many more, and there was cold lem
onade in abundance and no one
slighted it as far as ia known.
Before dispensiog a number of per
sons were invited into the house to
engage in devotional exercises. Some
of the old hymns were sung, a chapter
in the Bible read and a short prayer
made. During all this the old lady
manifested much pleasure, frequently
clapping her hands in religious exul
tation and remarking that on account
of her helplessness she had not en
joyed congregational singing in a long
time. We should all take courage
when we see how patiently and faith
fully the aged Christians hold up the
banner of the cross. How comfort
ing to mingle with the old seiuts oc
casionally t Quite a commendable
act took place when dinner was an
nounced. One of the great-grand
sons, himself not very strong, took
from a carriage his blind, aged grand
parent in his arms and gently placed
her in an easy chair at the table.
Late in the afternoon a number of
young people visited Jonesville and
had an opportunity cf inspecting the
knitting mill. On returning there
came near being an accident to some
of the party. A passing train fright
ened the horses and one spirited ani
mal. with buggy attached containing
an interesting couple made for
the nearest plum orchard and be
fore he could be stopped jostled up
the male occupant considerably.
One other item I mention at the
risk of being tedious. Not more than
a mile from the Kirby farm there can
bo seen some ridges that were made
during the Revolutionary war.
Thomas Scott was bedding land for
corn and was called away before it
was planted, and, strange to say, it
has remained as he left it, though the
land has grown up in timber with
some oaks large enough to make many
rails. t. G. c.
Rulings of the Prohibitionists.
We publish the following rulings
of the State Prohibition Executive
Committee for the benefit of the
friends of the cause in this county:
As the recent declaration of the
new State Democratic Executive
Committee leaves the question of our
position in the coming Democratic
primary in doubt, and as our first al
legiance is to the Democratic party
and aU’our efforts to urge the laws
of the state must be made through
this source, and with its approval I
would submit to your approval the
following'
Whereas, before making sugges
tions of candidates for the nomina
tion for State officers in the demo
cratic primary of 1898, the prohibi
tionists of the State were led to be
lieve by the Democratic State Execu
tive Committee (then acting) that
such suggestions were not contrary
to the rules of the democratic party,
and.
Whereas, the prohibitionists did
make suggestions for State officers,
pledging loyalty to the democratic
party, and.
Whereas, the new Democratic
State Executive Committee has been
elec’ted, and.
Whereas, said committee, when
the question of the construction of
the rules of the party was before it,
passed a resolution, the construction
of which is a matter o/ controversy,
but did not recognize such sugges
tions as in accord with the rules of
the party; and,
Whereas, it is a matter of grave
doubt whether such suggestions will
be recognized as regular, and,
Whereas, the prohibitionists of the
State desire to act in entire accord
with the rules of the democratic
party, now be it
Resolved, That this committee
does hereby withdraw the suggestion
heretofore made by the prohibition
ists for State officers.
Very Respectfully,
A. C. Jones,
Chr’m’n S. P. Ex. Com.
Approved.
Pactolus Paragraphs.
(Correspondence of The Ledger.)
Pactolus, Benton Co., Ark., June
11.—I see from The Ledger that
you are having dry weather in your
county. At this time we are almost
drowned. This is Friday evening and
I ajn sitting out in the yard under a
large sugar tree and the clover and
grass are up two feet around me. I
will have to go into the house before
I finish this letter on account of rain.
It his been raining out here every
few days this spring. We had one of
the coldest and most backward
springs that I have ever experienced,
having had frost on the 20th of May.
Our corn is now waist high. We
plowed two days this week, three
last week and one week before last.
Our wheat crop is good.
Arkansas is on a boom. Money is
plentiful.
If my friends could see my mead
ows now they would like to live in
Arkansas. I have sixteen or twenty
acres in clover and grass which is
about three feet high. It will make
from three to four tons per acre.
Wheat is selling at from 9100 to
91.15 per bushel; corn 50c per bush
el; bacon six and eight cents per
pound; cattle higher than ever known
before and horses lower. You can
get a good horse for from 93.00 to $6.00.
Mules are on the rise, being worth
from 975.00 to 980.00.
This leaves us well and as doing well
as we deserve to do.
Mr. Editor, I will send you and
the boys iu the office a centiped
which you can put iu bottle of al
cohol aod keep. I will also send you
a pair of horned froga as soon as I
can catch them. J. m. m’c.
Bucklen’s Arnica Salve.
The Best SMve in the world for
Cuts, Bruises, Sores, Ulcer, £|plt
Rheum, Fever Sw^s, Tetter, Chapped
Hands, Chilblains, Corns, and all
Skin Eruption, and postlvely cures
Piles or no pay required. It iegura-
anteed to give perfect satisfadtion or
money refunded. Price 25 cents per
box. For sale by The DuPre Drug
Co.
FREE FERRY WANTED.
A Suggestion to the County Commis
sioners.
Etta Jane, S. C., June, 7th, 1898.
Editor Gaffney Ledger :
I fee! justifiable in asking space in
your valuable paper to call attention
of the merchants of Gaffney and the
citizens of Cherokee county to the
fact that there will be presented to
the county commissioners, at their
next regular meeting, a petition to
establish and maintain a free ferry
at or in the vicinity of Howell's ferry,
and that three disinterested persons
be sent to locate the said ferry.
Without a dissenting voice we cry,
let us have the free ferry, but to as
certain the wishes of the people who
will be benelitted by a free ferry. I
submit that the proper course would
be for the honorable board of county
commissioners to order an election at
the polls in townships they deem
proper. Is it true that “This is a
county for the people, of the people, .
and by the people?” if so let us have
an expression from the people as to
where this ferry shall be located.
It may be said that I am prema
ture in that the commissioners have
never granted any petition for a free
ferry, and until that is done no uneas
iness should be felt as to the loca
tion, but my excuse, here is, tjiat th,e
petition also has engrafted info it a
plea as to how and by whom the lo
cation shall be made. It goes with
out saying that if the prayer- for a
ferry is grunted, also will be granted
the .request as to how the location
shall be determined.
Beyond a doubt if the free ferry is
granted, there will be two places to
select from,, the present Howell's
Ferry site and the “Darwin place,
about a mile and a half further up
the river.
Here is the “bone of contention,”
the site. While the merchants of
Hickory Grove desire the latter, in
as much as it will bring trade from
Etta Jane and vicinity to their
thriving little town, the people of
York county desire the former be
cause it will open to them a new
market, for there are many who,
near Hopewell, in York county, trade
at Chester, and will, if .a free ferry is
established at the present §ite, go to
Gaffney for their merchandise. So,
readily can it be seen that a free
ferry established at the present site,
will give the people of York a new
market—Gaffney—while al^o the
people of Cherokee county will have
the choice of Hickory Grove, Sharon
and Lockhart markets, while if the
free ferry is established at the pro
posed site, “Darwins place,” Gaffney,
Lockhart and Sharon are "virtually
debarred from competing for the
trade. Surely this, gentlemen, of •
Hickory Grove, cannot be the cause
of the zeal and generosity you so no
bly display in the attempt to change
the present location?
But why degress? Some reason
should be shown why an election will
subserve the interest of the people
more satisfactorily than the decision
of three disinterested men. As has
been shown, the advocates of the
Darwin place expect to reap a rich
harvest in trade, and of course will
appear before the committee advoca
ting their site, while “the people
and farmers” will have no motive of
such magnitude to actuate them,
therefore they will not appear before
the committee and present their
cause, but if left to express .their de
sires at the ballot box, on a day when
higher and more patriotic motives
call them from their fields of labor
they will also express by ballot their
choice of locations for the ferry.
“You may fool all of the people some
of the time, some of the peopl§ all ol
the time but not all of the people all
the time,” Therefore lest mistake
be made, leave to those who are to be
henefittad by a free ferry the right to
say by ballot where it shall be loca
ted.
It is not necessary here to attempt
to enumerate the advantage of one site
over the other, for our public officers,
I belive. to be gentlemen, who when
locating any public institution seek
to establish it where it will be of
most advantage to the most people.
Why|not then leave to the sovereign
votes the selection. Echo answered
41 *1
But one feeble argument against
allowing the people to vote upon this
question is presented, and that is,
“the man who does the most election
eering will get the most votes for the
site he advocatest”. I deny this and
many defeated candidates will agree
with me. But accept as true the ar
gument, will not the men who advo
cate with most “zeal and pleasing
entertainment before the committee
of three be victorious, so alas, it ends
with either allowing all the people to
select for themselves as their con
science dictates, or a committee of
three.
Which honorable county commis
sioners will you give us?
Respectfully submitted,
Henry W. Thomson.
Advice to wives—Man is very much
like an egg; keep him iu hot water
and he ia^ound to become hardened.
According to the best authorities,
there has never been a rice of men
that was ignorant of the use of fire.