Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Jfc 4, M 1 ^ J,- a S The Barnwell People-Sentinel, Barnwell, 3. C« Thursday, January 14, 1937 SEE NEW PEACE FOR AMERICAS (First Inter-American Neutrality Pact Signed at Buenos Aires; Value of Peace Propaganda and Women’s Work Emphasized. By WILLIAM C. UTLEY 'HE Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace met in Buenos Aires last month for expressed pur pose of laying the foundations of a permanent peace on the two American continents. From the reports of the agree ments consummated in the closing sessions of the smooth-work ing conference it appears that these foundations have been laid. The conference cannot be looked upon in any light other than that of a complete success for President Roosevelt, for its outcome has revealed the attainment of the purpose for which held. These are the cornerstones which It has set in place for the banish ment of war from the Western Hem isphere—a convention of collective security; s protocol banning in tervention an unfriendly act that would bond together all of the Amer ican republics in common defense against a country guilty of inter vention; a convention requiring common and joint neutral attitude on the part of all the American countries in the event of hostilities between any two of them, and a declaration of solidarity. This latter declaration will have {he effect of a pronouncement by the nations of this hemisphere that an act tending to affect the peace of any of them will affect all, and set in motion consultations provided for in the collective security conven tion. The word “convention” as it has been used in reporting the ac tivities of the conference assumes the meaning given it in internation al law—that of a treaty^>r agree- according to Cordell Hull, secretary of state of the United States and this country's guiding spirit at the meeting, were ironed out entirely to his satisfaction and without jeop ardizing the effectiveness of the con vention. The pact provides that the League members shall maintain their full rights and obligations un der the Covenant of the League. Further, they shall not be required to give the Inter-American neutral ity program precedence over pos sible application of sanctions im posed by the League of Nations. The conference’s standing com- A resolution introduced by the Uruguayan delegation, condemning the use of poison gas, liquid fire and bacteria in warfare. A recommendation by the United States that tariff barriers be low ered to give all American nations equal trade opportunities. A proposal that non-members of the League of Nations, which signed the 1933 anti-war pact prepared by Argentine Foreign Minister Carlos Saavedra Lamas, and the Kellogg- Briand peace pact, co-operate with the League in efforts to prevent and end wars. A recommendation that all Pan- American countries put in practice the inter-American tourist passport suggested in 1935, and establish commercial boards of arbitration. Plan Radio “Salesmanship.” The growing importance of prop aganda designed to promote inter national friendships and thus cure the curse of war at its roots was well recognized by the conference. For one thing, it was suggested that all the nations of the Americas pool together in the presentation of a ment establishing practices for a group of several signatory nations under specific conditions, such as war , Pact Unanimously Adopted. It was the first time in history that the American nations had ever agreed on a treaty which would end war or combat the threat of war by linking the nations of this hemis phere in a joint neutrality program. It was adopted unanimously, a fact which is indeed indicative of the har mony prevalent throughout the en tire conference. In addition to the four corner stones, the conference produced at least two other suggested features which are destined to play an im portant part in the determined ef fort to maintain peace. These two things are an inter-American peace propaganda program of heroic pro portions via the radio and moving pictures, and a general movement to afford women full rights of citi zenship in the nations which sent delegations. Other resolutions dealt mainly with standardization and exchange in education and art with a view to strengthening through spiritual and intellectual channels the ties which bind the American nations. The neutrality convention emerged as a distinct tribute to the statesmanship of the United States delegation. The draft from the com mittee in charge was actually pre sented to the assembly as a joint resolution by the 23 signatory na tions and not just as a United States project. It had been the most dif ficult of all the conventions to jam through committee. The emergent pact was described . -jm “a convention to co-ordinate, ex- President Roosevelt and President Jos to of Argentine, seen on their way to attend peace conference at Buenos Aires. mittee on the organization of peace, headed by Felix Nieto del Rio of Chile, submitted a resolution — which was passed—that the forma tion of an American League of Na tions be discussed in 1938 in the eighth Pan-American Conference at Lima, Peru. It must not be imagined that the neutrality conventions are hide bound agreements They are too flexible and bear too many reserva tions for that. Rather, they are an initial move toward a co-ordinated Pan-American program which guar antees at least immediate consul tation with a view to promotion of peace, probably followed by com bined action, in the case of hostili ties. Reservations Limit Effectiveness. A reservation insisted upon by Ar gentina makes the effectiveness of any embargoes which might be de- UNCOMMON AMERICANS By Elmo Scott Watson • Wattera Newspaper Union The magnificent Plaza Congreso at Buenos Aires, where the Inter- American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace was held. tend and assure the fulfillment of existing treaties between the Amer ican states.” United States Satisfied. The American republics agree that, in case of hostilities or the threat of hostilities “between two or more of them, they shall, through consultation, immediately endeavor to adopt in their character as neu trals a common and solidary atti tude in order to discourage and pre vent the spread or prolongation of hostilities.” Most of the difficulty in getting the convention through committee was caused by the problem of mak ing it fit Latin-American countries which were already members of the League of Nations. The wrinkles, dared under the conventions doubt ful. This reservation makes two conditions: first, that in no case shall foodstuffs and raw materials des tined for the civilian populations of belligerent countries be considered as war contraband; and, second, that in the event of an arms em bargo, each nation may reserve its attitude in case of a war of ag gression. Minor reservations were also insisted upon by Paraguay, El Salvador and Colombia. Other resolutions bearing upon the event of war which were passed by the conference in plenary, or complete, session included: Chile’s recommendation that na tions arrange bilateral arms limita tion agreements. sort of Pan-American radio hour to further the cause of peace. This program would promote inter American appreciation of art, liter ature and the tourist attractions of the co-operating nations. Here may possibly be seen the influence of the success of President Roosevelt’s ‘‘fireside chats.” It was suggested that the outlets be the most powerful broadcasting stations in each of the countries. Impor tant actions by countries party to the agreement would be announced and patriotic holidays celebrated, but no political comments or reports would be allowed. In nations where the government’s influence over radio broadcasting is not too greatly curbed by law, it is suggested that programs which might stir up enmity between na tions or might disturb peaceful re lations be banned. Another resolution involved agree ment of the nations to teach in all grades of all schools the principles of the renunciation of war and the settlement of international disputes by'arbitration. Arrangements were also made for the annual in terchange of students and profes sors, and for interchange of books and publications through national or official libraries. The growing importance of mov ing pictures as media of peace prop aganda was likewise recognized. Governments were advised to clamp down on the showing of films which glorified “wars of aggres sion” or which represented inci dents likely to excite the animosity of other nations. By the same token it was suggested that educational films promoting the friendly inter est of one country in another, espe cially by stimulating tourist trade, be allowed 'freedom of taxes or duties. See Victory for Women. The tremendous effect of women’s work on behalf of peace was mate rially acknowledged by a resolution recognizing their efficacy in society and the effect they will have upon the morale of future generations. The resolution said that the time had arrived to enhance their work by granting women of all the Amer ican countries citizenship. Miss Doris Stevens, principal champion of the women’s cause, who had con ducted much of her campaign from a sickbed, saw in this resolution a complete victory; she interprets it to be an official recommendation that women be given the voting franchise in all the American coun tries, as they have been in the United States. The tremendous ovations accord ed* President Roosevelt wherever he visited in South America were evidence of the belief that his “good neighbor” policy had made • the thing possible. Tulio M. Cestero, the Dominican delegate, was round ly applauded when he told the con ference he hoped the policy "would be a permanent policy of all future United States administrations.” • Western Newspaper Union, First Woman Painter y OU’LL look in vain for her name I in the average encyclopedia or dictionary of American biography. Common as is the name of “John son” in our national annals, Hen rietta Johnson is the least known of all of them. In this era of the “emancipated woman” all fields of human en deavor are open to feminine invad ers. But it was very different 200 years ago. In those days woman’s place was very much “in the home” and she might not leave it, even for excursions into the arts. But it was in that field that Henrietta Johnson distinguislied herself and by doing so she placed posterity everlastingly in her debt For she was America’s first, woman painter. We know her name but little else. Tne date of her death is recorded in the St. Philip’s church register ir Charleston, S. C., and that is the only established date in her history. By the social code under which she lived, “a lady’s name should never appear in public print but twice: first to announce her marriage and again to announce her death.” Since she never married that leaves us only the date of her death—March 9,1728. When and where she was born and whose daughter she was is an unsolved mystery. We know that she was a pastel painter and in this medium she did work that rivalled that of some of the famous French masters. We know that she was painting these pictures between 1707 and 1720, since the few surviving examples of her art were made during that period. And that is a fact which gives her work importance. For in her day the scheme of an heredi tary American aristocracy was be ing tried out in Carolina and the people whose portrait? she made were colonial officers and repre sentatives of the landed gen try whose great plantations sur- ounded Charleston. One of the notables she painted was Col. William Rhett, colonel of the provincial militia, receiver-gen eral of the Lords Proprietors and the man who, in 1718, captured the famous pirate, Steve Bonnet—a feat which would make the name of Rhett forever famous, even if some of hi. descendants hadn’t done so in the more recent history of South Carolina. Just how many portraits Henri etta Johnson painted is not certain, but the known examples of her work that have survived for two cen turies are so fpw that they command prices which compare favorably with those paid for the works of the “old masterr” of Europe. Quite aside from their artistic and his toric value, they possess a high "rarity value”—because they came from the brush of America’s first woman painter. Simple, Practiced Frocks ■M illi ¥&&&■ Ilr tvy.S fexyi frvX-' "Typhoid Mary" W HEN her Irish parents brought her to a priest in New York city one day, ha christened her Mary Mallon. But on hospital rec ords in the East she became only a number, or more specifically, “Car rier No. 36.” For she was ths famous “Typhoid Mary.” Back in 1904 there occurred mys terious outbreaks of typhoid fever in certain sections of Westchester, Long Island and other districts around New York city. Examina tion of food and water failed to give any clues to the origin of the bacilli which were causing it. But Dr. George Soper, a sanitary engineer in the municipal health, service, remembered a German bacteriologist had proved that some people, while immune themselves to typhoid, carried the germ and gave the fever to others. Tracing the outbreaks he found that an Irish cook named Mary Mallon had, in every instance, been employed In the stricken household. He learned also that Mary, at the first hint of ; each illness, fled from her job. Finally the health authorities caught up with her and in 1907 she was detained and, against her will, riven an examination. She was fourrtl to be infected with millions of typhoid bacilli. She went to court to gain her freedom but lost her suit. Finally in 1910, she was freed. However, typhoid epidemics be gan again and in each case Mary Malloh was found to have been the cook. Again she was confined in a hospital. Eventually she became re signed to her fate, was given a lab oratory job and then furnished a lit-, tie cottage of her own on North Brothers island, where she lived in semi-imprisonment for 21 years. She died a few years ago—but not from typhoid. First there was a stroke of paralysis from which she rallied. During the next three years she gradually failed and finally, when she was sixty-six years old. Death opened the door for the frail, gray-haired little woman and “Ty phoid Mary’s** long imprisonment was ended. \\7HERE, oh where is the feminine wardrobe that wouldn’t take on momentum through the addition of just these three simple, wearable frocks? Surely like the Model T, it would be hard to find. And the thrilling thing — the important feature — is that these frocks are planned and patterned exclusively for the modern woman who sews—for you, a member of The Sewing Circle. Pattern 1914 is a house dress with a future. It is young and practical. The new notched col lar, ending as it does in twin scallops below the yoke line, gives the waist front balance and brightness. The bodice is slightly fulled to make this a comfortable style to work in as well as one that is attractive to look at. The skirt is slim lined and simple- as you would have it. Use dimity, dotted swiss or gingham for this number. Designed for sizes: 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48. Size 36 requires 3% yards of 35 inch material. - Pattern 1989 is the polite young, model caught with its back this way, perhaps the better to show off the beautiful shoulders and chicest - of - chic descending lines. You’ll run-up this frock in short order but you’ll wear it endlessly ar d with that happy confidence which only a style with distinc tion can give. Make it of rasp berry wool crepe and trim the collar, cuffs and hem with royal blue. Pattern 1989 comes in sizes 14, 16, 18 and 20 (32 to 42 bust). Size 16 requires 3 yards of 54 inch material with 5 yards of braid for trimming. Pattern 1206 is a most attractive newcomer to the blouse ’n’ skirt category. An alliance of this sort brings glamour and romance to the gay wearer. Gold or silver metallic cloth, or, perhaps shim mering satin for the blouse with a skirt of velvet will make a mil lion dollar outfit. Make it yours in a couple of hours. It is available Uncla Phil ^ That Little Difference It is just the little difference be tween the good and the best that makes the difference between art ists and the artisan. Duties are tasks the perform ance of which you look forward to with distaste, but once performed, rejoice in forever after. Those who get up early in the morning think everybody else should; bnt those who get np very late don’t usually move the world. If you can’t agree with the tastes of the people, you are in for much lonesomeness. Difficult Rebuilding Rebuilding a ruined house or a ruined career is a much more dif ficult matter than building new. It takes more courage, more skill and more ability. But it is being done every day. Scolding may not mean much, but laughing doesn’t make the baby cry. Much better does a prime taste out of a barrel in a grocery store than stewed and on the table. Man has never been reconciled to man. He has always wanted to make him over; as much now as in the medieval ages. Environment makes the man; and it also makes him change it. in sizes 14, 16, 18 and 20 (32 to 42 bust). Size 16 requires 2)4 yards of 39 inch material for the blouse and 2)4 yards for the skirt. The blouse with long sleeves requires 2% yards 39 inches wide. A detailed sewing chart accom panies each pattern to guide you every step of the way. Send for the Barbara Bell FsU and Winter Pattern Book contain ing 100 well-planned, easy-to rn ake patterns. Exclusive fash ions for children, young women, and matrons. Send fifteen cents in coins for your copy. Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1020, 211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IB. Patterns 15 cents (in coins) each.- • Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. EMINENT DOCTORS WROTE THS OPINION! ;. colds result from add condhioa of the body... they prescribe various alkalies’*—* ex cerpt from medical journal/The ALKALINE FACTOR in LU DEN'S MENTHOL COUOH DROPS 5^ HELPS BUILD UP YOUt ALKALINE RESERVE Soften Up! Being hard-boiled on all occa sions is one of the attainments of a dull man. Don’t Sleep on Left SUe, Crowds Heart US NESS8K MAT CMSE PIH0TUL MKT SKIES! If you teas In bad and cant aleep ad rlehi side, try Adlerlka. JuatONB tfoae relievee etomaeh GAS preaalne on heart ao you stem soundly. Adlerlka acts on DOTH upper and lower bowele and brings out tow •natter you would never believe was in your system. This eld matter may hava polaonad you for months and cautsd GAS, sour stomach, tx ‘ er nervousness. ~. Dr ', *-_ g*-*. tUm Jmb, Weedy redegee teeierfe aedT^Mlgei •■■■■»- •«h . “ Q » , 1 O” my otom. •.®h wse se bad I could not eat sr Even my heart sssmsd to hurt. J’hofl’-st d«se of Adlerlka brought me aa l wish, sleep Ann •no, never felt better.** jSrVBtt*"!!? ■ R £ AL Oleanelng With Adlerlka and see how good you teel * J u,t ONE dose relieves GAS and constipation. At all Laatfing Druggists. RELIEF SttETMU COLDS The Original Cellophane "Wrapped Genuine Pure Aspirin St.Joseph GENUINE. PURL ASPIRIN A FAMOUS DOCTOR d v Hy ... ’ s/ i A S « ,eenc awa tea his Dr. K. V. flares practicedsisdkJas hr!*. Alter awriag Is BjCsK MLT^ hs w*a Is Se dreg trade (nearly JO ywm age) Dr. Fhwafr Faeor- —f- Irritability and pZya^?aSa"temm toBemradw Ms, aStHgoM MJOmi juk ^