Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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»- r U'WIIU I I W 'C «M1 '-p Barnwell People-SentineU Bam well 8. C, Tlimday, 24, 1936 BRISBANE THIS WEEK The Pope’* Health r One Pillar Miaaing Big London Fire A Pretty Good Country News, far more important than any English royal marriage contro versy concerns the health of Pope Pius. The whole world, ad- miring the Pope’s character and his loyal ef forts for peace, hopes earnestly for his speedy re covery, while millions that fol low the Pope’s spiritual guid ance pray f o r that recovery, with the cardi nals kneeling at the Pope’s bedside. In spite of his advanced age, there is reason for hope, in his al ways temperate life and his early Alpine climbing expeditions. < v< \ • ^ T Arthar BrUbnn« Mr. Hull, secretary of state, offers **eight pillars of peace” upon which American peace and prosperity might rest. With all respect for the secre tary’s earnestness, it must be said that the most Important “pillar” for the United States Is not found among the eight. The interesting pillar is a pro tective force of airplanes and sub marines so great as to make any attack upon this country unthink able. When John L. Sullivan lived, no one hit him. London’s Crystal palace, covering 17 acres, went up in flames, visible for 80 miles. London has not seen so great a Are since “the” great fire of 1M0. That Are started at one o’clock in the morning in a house in Pudding lane; you may read some interesting details in Pepys’ diary. Burning four days, the Are caused great destruction, but did good in the end. It wiped out, for one thing, the great plague of Lon don, that made the citizens mark their doors with a red cross and “Lord, have mercy upon us,” and caused the grass to grow in Lon don's streets London was rebuilt of brick; after the Are no more wooden houses, and streets were made wid er. Our misfortunes often improve us. Former President Hoover, Just now in New York, smiles at the sug gestion that he plans to leave this country and take up his residence in England. The former President, in spite of the “Maine-Vermont” incident, thinks this is a pretty good country and he is right; it made him President. This is “the day of woman,” as a well-known religious leader said. Hongkong tells of a lady, chief of pirates, looting a ship, taking flO,- 000. displaying unusual ability and ferocity. The airplane. In a better way. helps to establish woman's more- than-equality; Cspt. Mnlliaon starts through the sir from England to Af rica, trying to beat the record of his own wife, not that of some other man. Flying records depend upon the machine and the nerve of the pilot. Women have more nerve and physical courage than men have ever had, although men don’t know ft. Washington reports that the Pres ident, using the discretion given him by congress, will order the con struction of two battleships, to cost $50,000,000 each. Many will hope that the statement ia mistaken, especially as the President is said to be doing this to “match Britain’s move.” If we should build those battle ships, squandering $100,000,000 of the public money on them, and then be foolish enough to send them out, in case of war, a couple of $50,000 airships would sink them, or low- priced submarines would blow them up. If you have imagined at any time that the United States has lost its interest in kings, titles and nobility, turning away from such things in its complete, simple-hearted democ racy, look at your newspaper and see how many columns and pic tures it prints about Britain’s king s^d his proposed marriage at this time^ and observe, if you dine out, the general subject of conversation. News Review of Current Events the World Over 1 ■ 1 King Edward Abdicates and Is Succeeded by Duke of York —Pope Stricken With Paralysis—Wallace Promises Better Farm Program. By EDWARD W. PICKARD C Wntcra Newspaper Union. FROM Manila came belated dia- 1 patches telling of the worst dis aster that ever befell the Philip pines—a great flood which swept through the fertile and densely pop ulated Cagayan valley in northern Luzon and destroying possibly thou sands of the inhabitants. ITie full extent of the death toll may never be known. The waters of the Cagayan river, suddenly swollen by a typhoon and torrential rains, in undated many villages and towns in the 50 mile wide valley. So isolated was the stricken area that a former provincial military com mander required four days to fight his way to an outlying point from which he informed the world of the disaster. Military airplanes were used to carry medical supplies and relief agents to the district. 7kPltcmh/ho<y(f Talcs and Traditions PtANK I.NAMN SCOTT WATSON George VI It was truly a marvelous recep tion that Buenos Aires and the en tire Argentine Republic, its Presi dent, cabinet and people, gave to the President of the United States. An enthusiastic crowd of a million and a half crowded every street in the great Argentine city, now in the spring season, and most pleas ing were two words used by the Ar gentine president, Justo, “Mi ami go” (“my friend”), as he greeted the American President. Those two words, mi amigo, ex tended in all sincerity from one end of the two American continents to the other, would solve the Ameri can peace problem, and this coun try need not worry about the two words popular in Europe and Asia— “MY ENEMY.” T OVE and the British constitution are the winners in the great contest that has stirred the vast empire to its furthest borders. Ed ward VIII, stead fast in his determin ation to make Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson his wife, abdicated as king of Great Britain and emperor of India, and his brother, the duke of York, reigns in his stead as George VI. Edward’s fateful decision was com municated to the house of com mons by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin. Haggard and deeply moved, the man who has bom the brunt of the struggle on behalf of the cabinet and parliament handed the speaker the royal message and the speaker read it to the half stunned members. This is what Ed ward said; “Realizing as) I do the gravity of this step I can only hope that I shall have the understanding of my peo ples in the decision I have taken and the reasons which have led me to take it. “I conceive that I am not over looking the duty that rests on me to place in the forefront the public interest when I declare that I am conscious thst I can no longer dis charge this heavy task with effi ciency or with satisfaction to my self. “I have accordingly this morning executed an instrument of abdication in the terms following: “ T, Edward VIII of Great Brit ain, Ireland, the British dominions beyond the seas, king, emperor of India, do hereby declare my irre vocable determination to renounce the throne for myself and my de scendants. My desire is that effect should be given to this instrument of abdication immediately. “ ‘In token thereof I have hereun to aet my hand this 10th day of December, ISM. in the presence of the witnesses whose signatures are subscribed ’ ” There followed a request that the accession of his brother to the throne be expedited, end according ly enabling legislation effecting the abdication and the accession of the new king was promptly introduced and put through the house of com mons and the house of lords. The new king was proclaimed with the traditional ceremony following an assembly of the accession coun cil made up of privy councilors and other distinguished persona. That evening the ex-king went on the sir to broadcast a message of farewell to the half billion people who hod been his subjects. Edward left England tor his self- imposed exile and probably never will return to his na tive land. Where he will make his home has not been an nounced. It was stated in Cannes, where Mrs. Simpson was with friends, thst hff would not go there now. “Wally” publicly offered t o renounce her associ ation with the king If thst would settle the controversy, but he chose oth erwise. Her divorce would not be come absolute until April 27, but steps were taken in London to speed up the date. * Notwithstanding the widespread sympathy for Edward and his once enormous popularity, the general sentiment throughout the British empire is now that he let his coun try down, that he mainly was to blame for bringing on the crisis and, to quote one correspondent, that "the cabinet’s victory was the only possible victory which could be allowed on the present issue.” The great majority of the people did not think Mrs. Simpson, a commoner and twice divorced, was fit to be queen of England. The cabinet and the house of commons emphatically vetoed a morganatic marriage. If he would be true to his love, there was nothing left for the king to do but abdicate. For a day after announcing his resignation of the throne, Edward remained king. But as soon as par liament passed the abdication mea sure it was carried to him, and the moment he signed the document Edward ceased to reign. It was presumed that, with the permis sion of the new king, Edward would retain the duchy of Cornwall and its revenues. With his other re sources he goes into exile with an annual income of about $500,COO. Ii\ all the British dominions steps were taken to ratify the abdica tion of the king and the accession of the duke of York. Thera was considerable uneasiness concerning the course the legislature of the Irish Free State might pursue, for events seemed to five Ireland the chance to shake off the last vestiges of adherence to tha British empire. Edward VIU C THICKEN with paralysis that af- ^ fected both his legs, Pope Pius XI was believed go be in a serious condition because he already was afflicted with asth ma, arterio sclero sis and high blood pressure. At first the holy father flat ly refused to submit to a medical exam ination, saying “1 am in the hands of God,” and he even insisted on dictating and signing letters. But later he was persuaded to take complete repose, which his physi cians said was vitally necessary. Father Agoatino Gemelli of Milan, a medical expert, was summoned to Vatican City and gave out a state ment indicating that rigid meas ures wera being taken to stave off possible uremic poisoning. The pope's illness was discovered when he was unable to arise tor a ceremonial concluding a week of spiritual exercises. He was barely able to stir the left leg and physi cians found that the heaviness of limb had spread also to the right kg. Pops Pins M 1 EMBERS of the American Farm Bureau federation, as sembled in Pasadena. Calif., were told by Secretary of Agriculture Wallace that the government would provide a better farm prog' i than tha AAA; but he also d tha farmer must be willing to accept “small Increases in the imports of certain agricultural products.” “In the cause of peace.” he said, “the farmers of the United States must karn to say *ysa’ as often as possible to agricultural imports from Pan-America, whik at the same time reserving the right to say *no* when any vital branch of agriculture k likely to be by too great imports.” Mr. Wallace declared the vs lion of world peace k more fun damental than national agricultural conservation, and added, “there is an important relation between the two, however. Danger of the United States becoming involved in a se rious war comes from the fact that we export goods to Europe and when war comes one side or the other interferes with trade. “Last year 68 per cent of our ag ricultural exports went to five coun tries which are certain to be in volved in any major difficulty in Europe and Asia. Only 10 per cent of our agricultural exports went to Pan-America. Both our hearts and our heads lead us in creasingly to Pan-America but the facts are stubborn and of neces sity can be brought in line with our desires only slowly.” The federation conferred upon Mr. Wallace its highest honor, the award for distinguished service to agriculture. BACHELOR CAMPAIGNERS 'T'ODAY’S accepted view of the * way to ballyhoo the voter is, broadly speaking, to tell him first one of two things—either the candi date recommended was reared on the farm or he has sold newspa pers. When this has been established the campaign manager next begins to issue a swelling stream of pictures, mostly of the candidate in the bosom of his family. The larger the family, so much better the results, is the political rea soning. With this in mind it is interest ing to reflect that two of the 31 Presidents challenged the accept ed political belief that it “couldn’t be done,” and campaigned for the office successfully while unmar ried. They were James Buchanan, and Grover Cleveland. Cleveland, after little more than a year in the White House, mar ried Frances Folsom there on June 2, 1886. Buchanan remained unmarried and was, therefore, the only bachelor President. Most of our Presidents have per formed nobly in lifting the aver age size of White House families. Theodore Roosevelt customarily is regarded as a pioneer among advocates of large families. The fact is that T. R. was something of a piker in this respect when his record is compared with that of his predecessors. The Republican Roosevelt mar ried twice, with one child from the first union and five from the second. But John Tyler, also twice married, was father to three sons and four daughters by his first wife and to five sons and two daughters by the second. Tyler may have taken his cue from William H. Harrison, preced ing White House resident, who sired six sons and four daughters Six Presidents, including the immortal George Washington, were childless. But Rutherford B. Hayes with eight, and Thomas Jefferson and Zachary Taylor, with six chil dren apiece, helped raise tne av erage. Youngest to marry was An drew Johnson, a stripling of eighteen on May I. 1827 when he wed Eliza McCard.e. the woman who later taught the Tennessee tailor to read. DLANS of John L. Lewis and his * associates in the C. I. O. for organizing the automobile industry workers seemingly are greatly fur thered by the formation of a joint council of the United Automobile Workers of America and the Fed eration of Flat Glass Workers. These two unions, controlling as they do virtually organized work ers in the automotive industry, have agreed to unite in a common cause in any controversy with the indus try. They are both members of the Lewis group and so are under suspension by the American Fed eration of Labor. F OR the first time the government has taken a hand in the steel la bor crisis. The national labor re lations board has issued a com plaint charging the United States Steel corporation , and its subsidi ary, the Carnegie-Illinois Steel company, with “interfering with the self-organization of employees” in Carnegie’s 21 plants. This action followed the board’s investigation of charges filed by Philip Murray, chairman of the SWOC and M. F. Tighe, veteran president of the Amalgamated As sociation of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers. e National Topics Interpreted - bv William Bruckart TAKING A WALK A CHECKUP on election day In November. ISM. doubtless will disclose that some of the more prominent members of both major political parties have “gone Ash ing.” Going Ashing k the politician's milder and more modern method of showing dissatisfaction wth his party’s candidate and refusing to appear at the polk where he is en- tit'ed to vote. It k his war of “tak ing a walk.” a topic stirred to live discussion by public remarks of Al fred E. Smith of New York, prior to the national conventions. Taking a walk would be no new experience of tlie Democratic par ty but history records that A l es- ander Hamilton, powerful Federal ist of the country’s earliest days, was the Arst important stroller and that his action ultimately resulted in the destruction of his pa. ty. Hamilton, a dominant political personality, was a bitter opponent of John Adams, second president, having tried to block his election as vice-president although both were Federalists. The feud continued whe>i John Adams became President, Hamil ton secretly obtaining and holding control of the Adams cabinti. Ad ams. not by nature gifted in that sort of intrigue, nevertheless fought to:.!; with considerable success. Hamilton was not the Man to take any rebuffs sitting down.- When John Adams sought re-elec tion in the campaign of 1800 Ham ilton “took a walk” by publica tion of a letter designed to show “iriefragable proofr.” of Adams’ unfitness for the job. Hamilton succeeded too ’com pletely in his battle. Adams failed of re-election but the Federalist parly went down with him. While the ding-dong “walkout” battle was in progress during the Adams pres idency, Thomas Jefferson, whose name is referred to so frequently by Democratic orators, took ad vantage of the duelling. Jefferson was earnestly and ef ficiently making his plea for uni fied support of the “plain peepul” and in the election -he smashed the Federalists so completely they never again figured conspicuously in a national election. Q Western Newspaper Unloa. Do Not Tire So Easily Those whose work requires fast, but rhythmic movements, tire less easily than those who must move slowly at irregular intervals, ac cording to psychological studies. Soldiers, it was found, march far ther when keeping step to band music, the rhythm apparently cau^ng the men to forget their fa tigue instead of wasting energy thinking about how tired tliey are I nd bow much farther they must o. Washington.—Observers of affairs 1 fan the national capital frequently _ ... , get a different Dr. High giant on state- PredictB ments by “close advisers of the President” or activities of “those on the inside” than persons living at distances from Washington. They are less likely to be mislea in their conclusions as to the meaning of such statements or actions, come as they may from “high sources,” than others not closely in touch. But even this close contact by ob servers here does not always pro duce for them a definite finality on their conclusions because some things are simply impossible of proof. The above statements are by way of directing attention to the inabil ity of the corps of correspondents here to tell whether Dr. Stanley High was speaking with the approv al or even the acquiescence of President Roosevelt when Dr. High voiced the opinions in Liberty Mag azine recently to the effect that Mr. Roosevelt is in a mood to disci pline the newspapers of the coun try. Dr. High, to summarize many words in his magazine article, rath er forecast Mr. Roosevelt in his new term of office will not abandon his liberal policies but probably will chastise his enemies less than oc curred during his first term—except the press. Certainly, Dr. High gave us all reason to believe that Mr. Roosevelt is pretty much disgust ed with certain types of newspapers in tliis country and that he may be expected to “crack down” on them. The consensus among the writing fraternity in Washington is that Dr. High has an opportunity at least to know the Presidential mind. He has virtually lived with it during the last six months and there can be no doubt that he had opportunities during that time of talking formally and informally with the Chief Exec utive in a manner not permitted more than a few persons. On this basis, if on no other, one would be led to believe that Dr. High was writing in a sense a reflection of Mr. Roosevelt s thoughts, yet, aa 1 said at the beginning, none of us can be sure. While Dr. High definitely Is in a position as an adviser to the Presi dent to know the trend of Mr. Roooeielt'a mind, he was delight fully general in the discussion of tlie President’s future program ex cept as to the press. Again, it may be much ado about nothing. So many of the Presidential advisers and insiders have been writing and talking and acting in llte last three years that ft k difficult to tell which k the real story. It may be. there fore.—and I believe this is the best answer—that Dr. High has turned looee a toy balloon. If this balloon k blown Die wrong way by com ments from the nation, you probab ly will hear no more about a dis cipline for the press. If the com ments are friendly, another story may be expected and its nature is not now to be forecast. • • • Assuming now that Dr. High has faithfully presented tlie President's Hit Unfair newspapers ef the Joarn<di*m country, it seems entirely proper that the suggestion be examined from the viewpoint of national wel fare. Dr. High, to be sure, made clear in his article that the President’s efforts to reform the press will be addressed only to those newspapers which engage in misrepresentation, color their qews or are guilty of unfair journalism. I believe that the vast majority of our newspapers properly are jealous of the integ rity of their policies. I believe that the vast majority of our editors re gard the responsibility of leader ship as something quite sacred and not to be tainted. In the same breath that we mention the President’s purported thoughts and the attitude of most newspapers, one cannot help but recall that at least three- fourths of all newspaper circula tion in the recent Presidential cam paign was opposed to President Roosevelt’s re-election. Thus, and in view of these cir cumstances, it may be disconcert ing to a good many people to read the strong language that Dr. High has used in reflecting the implica tions of the Presidential mind. To that school of thought, the Doctor’s language, if it means anything, means that Mr. Roosevelt proposes to take steps, directly or indirect ly, to make the entire press of America conform to his ideas of what constitutes “fair journalism.” In other words, if their interpre tation of the High article is correct, there can be intimidation of the press from the White House. The intimidation could come from Presidential tongue lashing of news papers or any one individual news paper which the President believed was guilty of “unfair journalism.” The net result of such a course, naturally, would be a fearful press and a fearful press obviously never has presented and never will pre sent its impartial judgment; ft will sever answer back and ft probably will never fight out the issues In which it believes and to which it may have been committed there tofore. / I do not defend unfair newspa pers and I do not believe anyone else can defeml them. Newspapers, because of their position as leaders, must conform to the maximum of honesty. I think, howeyer, that the number of unfair journals is de clining because public sentiment v gradually drives them out of busi ness. If Mr. Roosevelt actually has in mind the things presented by Dr. High, then a wave of resent ment is likely to arise and that wave of resentment in itself will not help in the movement to drive out unfair newspapers. At least, that is the conviction that seems to pre vail among the several hundred capable observers here in Wash ington. Only a few, as far as I can discern, believe that the Presi dent can get away with the program which Dr. High outlined in his be half. • • • Colonel Edwin A. Halsey, secre tary of the senate, recently has had compiled some Slow to f ac ts and figures Change on proposals for consti tutional amendments that are strikingly in teresting. First, the fact that there have been 3,759 proposals for con- stkutional amendments in the na tion’s history, and only 21 of them succeeded and became a part of the Constitution, is to me most significant. It shows very definite ly, I believe, that our people are slow to make changes in the fun- * damental law of our country and that they do not make these changes until there is something approx imating unanimity of belief that they are necessary. Colonel Halsey's compilation dis closed the further interesting fact that economic conditions have a di rect link with and reflect rather ac curately the desires of the people to alter or revise the Constitution. It seems that when there ia plenty of work and plenty of profit and the nation k going along happily, n even few of tlie demagogues have thought about amending the Con stitution. But kt hard times de scend upon us, let there be mil lions of unemployed and hundreds of tliousands of persons destitute and forward comes a perfect deluge of proposals to change the Consti tution. Very accurate proof of the above statement k given in the records for the last ten years, that is, from 1936 to 19M. The most important political question agitating the con gress during the Arst part of this decade was the proposal to change the date upon which the President and Vice President and congress take office. Latterly, and after the prosperity bubble burst, Uie depres sion brought its own flock of pro posals for changing the Constitu tion. Colonel Halsey disclosed that there had been 20 proposals which would authorize congress to deal with working hours and wages; 7 which would have given congress authority over agricultural produc tion and 9 limiting the power and authority of the Supreme court to declare acts of congress unconstitu tional or otherwise modify court jurisdiction. There were two sug gested amendments that would have placed in the hands of congress virtual power to control the general welfare of the nation. The Halsey document also reflects maneuvers of various blocs and schools of thought and likewise tells a very clear story of our na tion’s sashay into the field of na tional prohibition. National prohi bition was a long time in coming and there are many who believe that it was forced upon the country too soon. That is to say it was made operative before a sufficiently large majority of the poeple were in favor of it. This seems to be substantiat ed by the figures which show that during the last decade, there were 135 proposals for repeal of the 18th amendment out of a total of 479 res olutions for constitutional amend ment. In other words, had there been anything like the necessary popular majority in favor of pro hibition, we would have seen very few attempts in congress to repeal the liquor control amendment. © Western Newspaper Union. Stools Before Chairs Chairs, which we take for granted nowadays, were not in common use until the last part of the Seventeenth century. Before that time hard wooden stools were the only seating conveniences known. Museums pre serve some of the first chairs of his tory, stiff, uncomfortable objects of puritan austerity. The backs were of solid wood, often in carved design, and the seats, too, were solid. They were known as “wainscott” chairs. Children to Have Harbor Khabarovsk, in Far East Russia, is constructing on the Amur river a harbor for children which will boast two lighthouses equipped with radio ktatkms, repair shops, • steamer for 250 passengers, swim ming pools and a large headquar ters building.