Tht Raniwll People-SeniintU Barmweli, S. C- Thursday, Scptcuibcr 17, 1996 BRISBANE THIS WEEK Hew the Noble Lord j Be Se*i I New Germeoy |, ^ Mutt lor the 0. S. A. 1 Strength Alone Protecti An association callei “The Anglo- German Fellowship/' a name which shows that men forget wars as easily as they do seasickness, gave a dinner in Lon don in honor of the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick, who are Germans, as was the British royal family orig inally. Among other speakers at the dinner, Lord Lothian talked about war, the importance of doing something to satisfy Germany, now that Germany is strong enough to fight back. News Review of Current Events the World Over v*" Arthur Brisbane Lord Lothian has discovered that it is one thing to deal with dissatis fied populations when they are un armed, and a very different thing to deal with the same dissatisfied populations when they are fully armed. The British made that discovery for themselves long" ago, before Lord Lothian was born, in the process of building up their great empire. If the Boers, Hindus, Zu lus and some others had been as thoroughly armed as they were thoroughly dissatisfied, the British empire would be smaller. Americans who want to know what Europeans, including the Eng lish, are thinking and planning, will be interested in the following state ment by Lord Lothian concerning Germany. It has been suggested that England and France should pacify Germany by giving back some of the colonial properties tak en from Germany at the end of the war. Lord Lothian is one of the numerous Englishmen who do not believe in “giving things back.†Said he: "Personally, I do not believe that the problem can be solved along the lines of the restoration to Germany of the old German colonies. That would not solve Germany's difficul ties, and things have changed since 1914. The question must be con sidered on much wider lines. All the colonial nations must be willing to make their contribution to a transfer of territory. The new world as well as the old must be willing once more to reopen its doors to trade and migration." The statement of the noble lord that "the new world as well as the old Must be willing," etc., has no pleasant sound in American ears The word "must." especially, is one that a wise Englishman could hardly apply to the United States after 1776 Lord Lothian probably meant that the United States "ought," not that it "MUST." once more reopen Us doors to trade and migration The United States, it is to be hoped, will decide for itself about reopening its doors to trade and immigration This country needs more of the immigration that made it what it i»—it is NOT u redskin country, its people came from Eu rope. and it needs many millions more of the same kind It also needs, and the majority of its peo ple intend to keep. American jobs. American wages and American money for the people who live and work in the United States. President’s Revised Budget Figures Put Debt at 34 Billions . —Mussolini Tells World His Immense Army Is Ready. «V +J*' President Roosevelt By EDWARD • W * WrBN " DEVISING the 1937 budget flg- ures he submitted to congress in January, President Roosevelt now estimates that expenditures caused by the bonus and the AAA invali dation will put the public debt at the all-time high figure of $34,188,543,494. He says, however, that better business will run tax receipts up $12,000,000 high er than was expect ed. The President’s revision covered the fiscal year that be gan July 1 last and will end June 30, 1937. During his absence from the capital it was is sued by Acting Budget Director Daniel W. Bell. The chief items changed by the estimate were: 1. Receipts, fixed at $5,665,839,000. 2. Expenditures at $7,762,835,300. 3. Gross deficit for the year at $2,096,996,300. 4. Public debt on June 30, 1937, at $34,188,543,493.73. These estimates compared with January figures as follows: 1. Receipts of $5,654,217,650. 2. Expenditures of $7,645,301,338. 3. Deficit of $1,098,388,720. 4. Public debt at end of year of $31,351,638,737. The $2,000,000,000 deficit Mr. Roosevelt estimated is the lowest of the New Deal. Regarding this fig ure the President said: “The estimated deficit for 1937 is $2,096,996,300 which includes $580,- 000,000 for statutory debt retirement and $560,000,000 for further pay ments under the adjusted compen sation payment act. “Deducting the amount of the statutory debt retirement leaves a net deficit of $1,516,996,300. “This does not mean that there will be an increase in the public debt of this amount for the reason that it is contemplated during the year to reduce the working balance of the general fund by approximate ly $1,100,000,000 †What Mr. Roosevelt meant by this was that instead of borrowing mon ey to cover the difference between receipts and expenditures, the Treasury would dtp into the general fund for f1,100.000.000. There is nothing like being strong and*prepared for trouble. You no tice how differently Germany ap pears in the eyes of France and other nations surrounding her to day, as compared with the years after the war. Hear Lord Lothian o that subject: "Germany now has both equality and strength. Reparations have gone. Part V of the Treaty of Ver sailles has gone The demilitariza tion of the Rhineland has gone, and the sooner that recovery of her natural right to self-defense is ac cepted without further discussion the better. Germany is rearmed. It only remains for the British govern ment to abandon once and for all the fatal system whereby she first has a conference with her friends and then presents the results as a kind of ultimatum to Germany—the sys tem represented by the recent questionnaire—and to substitute for it free and equal and frank discus sion around a table. The old sys tem is not equality, either for Ger many or for ourselves." What telephone girl in America has the softest, most beautiful, most easily understood voice? That ques tion was asked in England and a Miss Cain won the competition ar ranged by the British postoffice, which owns British telephones and telegraph. The finest voice having been selected, a robot was manufac tured to imitate that voice by phono graphic process. No% when you want to know the time in London, you dial "Tim†and the soft voice of Miss Cain, perfectly reproduced, tells you: "At the third stroke it and be four twenty-seven and flf teen seconds—†« Aim SVatsMS taw Wall S«r.M* RAN KLIN D. ROOSEVELT and * Alf M. Landon, rival candidates for the presidency, met in Des Moines, Iowa, in their respective capacities of President of the United States and governor of Kansas, and discussed the problem of relief for the drouth sufferers and prevention of future drouths. With them were the governors of other mid western states Governor Landon was pre pared to offer for consideration the program for long distance drouth relief which he submitted to Harry L. Hopkins. WPA administrator, during the more serious drouth of 1934. It was said to resemble in many particulars the plan the Pres ident has been advocating in recent speeches and is a joint federal- state program. Just before the Des Moines con ference got unde, way there were heavy rainfalls in Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma which weather fore casters thought were "the begin ning of the end of the drouth." F rancis b. sayre, assistant secretary of state in charge of reciprocal trade agreements, has returned from a six weeks’ tour of Europe, and the de partment has begun a drive to expand that favorite pro gram of Secretary Hull. Fourteen of those agreements already have been signed, and a survey is being made of other nations with which trade pacts may be concluded. During the next fis cal year negotiations will be opened with as many-as possible and offi cials said as many as a dozen new treaties may result. Ten months re main before the power given the President by congress to negotiate such pacts expires. Officials declined tr specify which nations may be approached on pos sible trade pacts until the study of trade and trade trends between the United States and other nations gives an indication of which might prove most profitable. F. B. Sayre IT WAS Benito Mussolini’s turn 1 to go into the European version of the Indian war dance, following Hitler and Stalin, and he gave a great performance. At Avellino, center of the Italian army maneu vers, II Duce announced to a cheer ing throng that he could mobilize 8,000,000 soldiers, “In the course of a few hours and after a simple order.†The premier declared the world Is In the throes of an Irresisti ble re-armament race and Italy reject the idea ef which he seM la W. PICKARD 1 ■paper Union, our creed and to our temperament.†He asserted that the armed forces of Italy are more efficien 1 . than ever as a consequence of the Ethiopian war and that the 60,000 men en gaged in the maneuvers are but a modest and almost insignificant part of the country’s actual war strength. “We must be strong,†cried Mus solini. "We must be always strong er! We must be so strong that we can face any eventualities and look directly in the eye whatever may befalll †Germany’s new army of a mil lion men, created by Hitler’s order doubling the term of compulso ry military training, is to be fi nanced by Increased taxes on all companies and corporations by 25 per cent for 1936 and by 50 per cent for 1937. This increase brings the corporations tax up to a mini mum of 25 and 30 per cent on new profits. JAPAN proposes to build up a submarine fleet approximately 30 per cent larger than that of either Great Britain or the United States. Such was the substance of a note delivered by the Japanese embassy in London to the British foreign of fice. The decision replaces the sub marine parity among the three pow ers established by the 1930 London naval treaty. Japan notified Great Britain that it was determined tq keep afloat 11,059 tons of destroyers and 15,- 598 tons of submarines above the 1930 London treaty quotas. This tonnage, if the treaty’s provisions were carried out, would be scrapped at the end of this year. The Japanese note was In reply to Great Britain’s memorandum of July 15, 1936, invoking the “escape clause†of the first London treaty in order to increase its destroyer ton nage above the pact's allowance. Japan gave the lack of sufficient excess destroyers as its reason for retaining a surplus in submarines. The United States, like Great Brit ain, has decided it must keep in service after the end of the year 40,000 tons of over age destroyers in excess of the total permitted by the 1930 treaty. CHOULD war break out in Europe, ^ France counts on having the powerful Polish army on her side. Consequently the week long visit of Gen. Edward Rydz - Smigly, in spector general of that army, and a Polish military mis sion to Frar.ce was made the occasion of elsborate cere monies. The train carrying the Poles crossed the border st Belfort and there General Rydz-Smig- ly was received by the commanding generals of the area and reviewed thousands of troops of the frontier regiments. Going thence to Pans, the Poles were accorded the high est military honors snd the crowds in the decorated streets cheered them lustily. Dinners for the guests were given by President Albert Lebrun. Pre mier Leon Blum and Foreign Min ister Delbos. Later they were taken to the Franco-German frontier where they inspected the famous Maginot defense line of concrete and steel strongholds and passages. Mg*' I N AN appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States the Virginian Railway company made an attack on the provisions of the railway labor act authorizing collec tive bargaining between representa tives of the employees and the car riers. The railroad appealed from rul ings by the Eastern Virginia Fed eral District court and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals re quiring it to negotiate concerning disputes with a unit of the Ameri can Federation of Labor. It con tended the legislation, passed in 1926 and amended in 1934, violated the Constitution by depriving it of liberty and property, and attempt ing to regulate labor relations with employees engaged solely in intra state activities. DECAUSE labor costs in New l^York city are too high, the Charles Schweinler Press, largest magazine printing house there, has decided to close the plant in which it employs 1,000 men and women and move where costs are lower. Executives of the comparijT^said they did not object to the wage scales imposed by New York un ions, but found the differential be tween the local scale and the rates in force elsewhere so great that it was “impossible†to continue in New York. When the Schweinler Press moves it will take with it an annual pay roll of $1,750,000. Publishers of the seventy magazines printed by the company have been notified of the impending closing Among them ere H* Literary Digest end The Nation. I TNITED STATES DISTRICT AT- ^ TORNEY L. C. GARNETT of Washington was asked by Vice President Garner to present to the federal grand jury the case of six Railway Audit and Inspection com pany officials who failed to appear before a senate committee some two weeks ago. Those cited by Mr. Garner were: W. W. Groves, presi dent of the company; W. B. Groves, vice president; Earl Douglas Rice, vice president; J. E. Blair, secre tary-treasurer; R, Sj Judge, direc tor, and J. C. Boyer. The committee, headed by Sena tor La Follette, is investigating the alleged use of labor “spies" by em ployers in disputes with their em ployees. At the time of th? hearing an attorney for the company tola the committee an injunction was be ing sought in federal court to pre vent the officials’ appearance and to prohibit production of their rec ords. VJRS. RUTH BRYAN OWEN, now the wife of Capt. Boerge Rohde of the Danish king’s royal life guards, has resigned as Ameri can minister to Den mark in order to be free to campaign as a private citizen for the re - election of President Roosevelt, and the President has accepted her resignation. This was done in an exchange of tele grams, that from Mr. Roosevelt say ing: “While I am very loath to have you discontinue the very fine serv ices you have been rendering as United States minister to Denmark, I appreciate your reasons for want ing to resign and the motives that prompt you. I therefore reluctant ly accept your resignation.†Mrs. Rohde, daughter of William Jennings Bryan, has had a long career of public service. Before entering the diplomatic service she served in the Seventy-first and Sev enty-second congresses, 1929 to 1933, from Florida. Captain Rohde, to whom she was married in July last, is her third husband. Roth Owen. S IX bombs dropped from an un identified Spanish airplane fell perilously near the American de stroyer Kane, which was en route from Gibraltar to Bilbao to help in the removal of Americans from the war zone. The Kane fired sev eral rounds from an anti-aircraft gun at the plane. Naturally our government was roused to protest. Secretary of State Hull instructed his agents abroad to request both the Spanish government and Gen. Francisco Franco, leader of the reb el forces, to “issue instructions in the strongest terms†to prevent an other “incident of this character.** The rebel forces in the north were making a powerful air attack on Iron, scattering many bombs on that border city, and an assault by land and sea forces was expected at any moment. The government troops there had refused to sur render and their officers said right ist prisoners, including some prom inent men. would be exposed in the moot open places during the bombardment. The Madrid government admitted Ha troops had sustained an “im portant reverse" in a battle at Oro- pesa. 100 miles southwest of the capital and were driven beck to Talavera Later a loyalist victory at that place was claimed, though London heard the rebels had scored another victory there. The fighting in the Guadarrama mountains con tinued indecisively. DESOLUTIONS adopted by the I' American Bar association at its meeting in Boston declare firmly a'ainst any attempt to limit the power of federal courts to pass on the constitutionality of laws. The association avoided what had been expected to be a lively debate by taking a noncommittal attitude on the report of another committee which denounced in great part the alleged invasion of the rights of citi zens by the New Deal. This report, to which there was a minority re port appended, was received and filed by the assembly, but not ac cepted, and the committee which filed it was discharged from further duty. Frederick H. Stinchfleld of Minne apolis was unanimously elected president of the association. Washington. — The Associated Press carried a dispatch from Mos- «c • i rw > cow 8 ,ew days Social Defense* a g 0 that had in Ruttia more in it than .. just the an nouncement that certain opposition ists among the Soviet leaders were to be executed. The dispatch re ported that 16 confessed conspira tors against the Soviet state were sentenced to death by the firing squad as the “highest measure of social defense†of a government. 1$ reported a new stage in the so- called progress of Communism in the Russian state. For the first time since the Bolsheviks came into power they ordered the death penal ty for some of the leaders who marched in the Revolution of Octo ber, 1917. So we have a clean sweep now of the men who sat next to the dicta tor, Lenin; the men who were his closest advisors in council are out of the way, and in their place re mains the extensively practical and strong-willed executive, Stalin, who has in this instance declined to al low theory to interfere with r condi tion. Here is the picture. Leon Trotsky in exile and under sentence of death if he returns into Russia. Zinoviev shot to death. Kamenev also exe cuted by a firing squad (he will be remembered as an outstanding pil lar of Bolshevism). Tomsky, a sui cide. Rykov, Bukahrin and^Rodek under investigation by the dreadful Ogpu. A hated secret service is looking into the records of Sokokni kov and Pyotakov. The latter two have been important advisors to Stal in. But what is all of this about? The answer is simple. While these men were charged with plotting the murder of Stalin, with conspiracy, beneath it all lies the thirst of men for power. Through all of this since the fall of the Russian empire and the execution of Czar Nicholas, the Communists have pushed for ward. The strongest of them have traveled. That is the why of Stalin. Yet as most always happens under any circumstance where the will of a few men runs free, they have in flicted to the last degree the power that they have gathered unto them selves. In so doing they have not failed to reserve unto themselves such considerations as they thought necessary—a perfectly human trait of character answerable only where a whim becomes a will and there is power to carry it out. Between Stalin, who was able to enforce his will, and Trotsky, who dwelt in the starry heavens of the ories and dreams, there is only a theoretical difference. Each want ed Communism. Trotsky consid ered the problem in the terms of world revolution; Stalin thought of It as the Russian state and recog nized his capacity to carry his plans through in that jurisdiction. So the Stalm-Trotsky feud, as it has turned out to be. has became ferocious and any one who has gone contrary- even entertained thoughts contrary to the will of the mighty Stalin— committed a sin cgainst the state. And a sin against the Russian state under Stalin means to disappear. P ERHAPS the farmers of Ameri ca don’t realize it, but during Ju ly they enjoyed the largest cash in come they have had since 1929. Fig ures given out by the Department of Agriculture show the sales of farm products brought them $711,000,000 against $582,000,000 in June and only $451,000,000 in July, 1935. To their income from sales, the farmers added $24,000,000 in various forms of government benefits, bring ing the total cash at their disposal to $735,000,000. The rental and oth er benefits totaled $57,000,000 in June and $19,000,000 in July.' 1935. “The sharp increase in cash farm income in July was mainly due to the pronounced gain in income from grains, chiefly wheat,†the re port said. “Receipts of wheat in the principal markets in July were the fourth largest for the month on record, despite the relatively small supplies on farms this year. “Prices of meat animals in July, while averaging slightly lower than in June, #ert nevertheless higher* than in July. 1935, so that income from meat animals was considera bly higher than a year ago. Caah from dairy It seems to me there is an im portant lesson for the American people in that situ- Lesson tor at jon. Stalin. Amoricons along with Hitler and Mussolini, is always right. It matters not what the people may desire, what their philosophy of life and living may be. how they propose to encourage or accept responsibility for self-gov ernment, the dictatorship continues. Many times in these columns I have criticized bureaucracy in the federal government. There are so many bureaucrats in Washington now that some one has bitterly de scribed them as locusts. I‘ may seem quite a jump from bureauc racy to dictatorship but the differ ence actually is very small. When the people of the United States con cede to the federal government such rights as the federal government attempted to exercise in NR A and even to a greater extent in the AAA, they are taking the first rtep to grant to a centralized government the authority that leads to absolute control of the person and every thing that person does. There are conditions undoubtedly that need to be remedied before our form of government is anything like perfect. There is always to be con sidered changing conditions and the changing whims of people them selves. But I entertain the con viction that so long as the Ameri can people are unwilling to accord increasing powers to the federal government, the nation as a whole will go forwardf civilization will progress and we will enjoy having a government. • • • The transfer of William C. Bullitt from his recent post as ambassador to Russia to a sim- Bullitt t ii ar assignment in Big Job France upon the resignation of Am bassador Straus has occasioned but very little comment, but t seems to me in view of all condi- Uurs and circumstances that M should attract attention. He will take up the job as the chief Ameri can diplomat at Paris in most troublesome times, the most dif ficult, perhaps, that have confronted an American diplomat anywhere since the days of 19K to 1916. Ap pointment of Mr. Bullitt then, it would appear, is a move that calls into consideration not only the con ditions which he will meet as our ambassador but also his qualifica tions for the job. It is to be remembered, first, that the post of ambassador to Paris is the second highest in rank among our foreign diplomats. It is a post that always has called for about the best that our nation can turn out in the way of tactful representa tion even though we always count the assignment to London as the No. 1 ranking post. The reason is that we seldom, if ever, have had the problems to deal with in the case of the London government that con tinuously arise between the United States and France. We always have been friendly with France in mod ern times, but it can not be denied that there has been constant fric tion between the two peoples. The same has not been true concerning Anglo-American relations. Hence, the job at Paris has always been regarded as more difficult than that at London. As for Mr. Bullitt’s capacity, there is a general feeling that he is not an outstanding diplomat. He has achieved success in some lines, yet I believe the consensus is that in so far as his recent service at Moscow is concerned, the Russians can claim much greater success in dealing with the United States than we can in dealing with the Soviet. Those of us who were present as observers in Washington during the days when Foreign Commissar Lit vinov met with President Roosevelt in the series of conferences that re sulted in recognition of the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics can not fail to recall how Mr. Bullitt la bored to accomplish that recogni tion. It will be recalled as well that Mr. Bullitt insisted throughout these negotiations how trade would follow recognition. He urged that the 13- year old policy of non-recognition, held by Wilson, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, should be cast aside in the interest of trade, predicting a great flow of commerce between the nations. President Roosevelt eventually made that the real basis for granting recognition. None of the predicted trade has come about. None will be possible until the Soviet finds means of pay ing for American goods. Ameri can business men are a bit old fash ioned. They want to be paid for what they sell. After what some critics have called Mr. Bullitt's “dismal failure" at Moscow, he is promoted to the French post. The selection comes at a time when French internal politics are boiling. It comes like wise st a time when the Washing ton government is striving to ex pand American exports and when it is hoped that there will not be a fur ther decline in outbound shipments such as official figures of the De partment of Commerce show has taken place in trade with Russia. • • • Senator James Couzens of Michi gan who is up for re-election this fall has sort of up- Uptott set the apple cart Apple Cart for the Republi- c a n s, although they profess not to be particularly worried. The senior senator from Michigan has always served in the senate as a Republican but now he makes the announcement that he is going to support President Roose velt for re-election and that brings the senator’s regularity as a Re publican into question. Senator Couzens has been a pow erful man politically in Michigan ia years past. He has served his city, Detroit, and his state and the na tion in a distinguished way. Ob viously, such service builds up an important political following but, according to superficial indication, no one knows exactly how much re mains of that following. This state ment assumes that the senator’s strength is not as great as it used to be and all current information sup ports that view. Yet, in politics, nothing is certain and that is the reason why Senator Couzens’s ac tion has proved disturbing. Former Gov. Wilbur M. Brucker is seeking the Republican nomina tion for the senate in Michigan and thus the incumbent has his diffi culties in getting the nomination be cause the Democrats will have a candidate of their own. Be it said in favor of Senator Couzens, how ever, he was fair with the voters of his party by announcing before the primaries what his attitude would be respecting the presidential can didates and his sincerity in this r»> gard may have some effect Oa the other hand,* it is difficult to say how dyed-in-the-wool Republicans can remain with Senator Couzens after an announcement by which ho virtually has read himself out of the pax*.