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The Barnwell People-Sentiael, BmniwelU 8. C- Thursday, July 30, 1936 UNCLE SAM CHECKS HIS BOOKS End of Fiscal Year Finds Goverment Costs Still Mounting; Balance of Budget Not Yet in Sight; Treasury Reports. By CARLTON WILLIAMS T HE fiscal year 1936 is now ended, and the United States gov ernment’s financial operations broke at least three records—rec ords which, if Secretary of the'Treasury Morgenthau's reckoning holds true, will be broken again in the 1937 fiscal year which comes to a close next June 30. , During the last 12 months the government spent more money than it ever had in any peacetime fiscal year. The total was approxi mately 8 billion 880 million dollars. The deficit was also the largest ever compiled by the United States government in times of peace. It was about 4 billion 754 mil lion dollars. It would have been<$ only about 2 billion 700 million had it not been for the passing of the veterans’ bonus. Federal expenditures, emergency and regular, advanced the public debt during the fiscal year to an all-time record high of 34 billion 427 million dollars on June 17. Be tween then and June 30, it was fiscal year they went back to 7 billion 200 million, if the veterans’ bonus is excluded, as it fairly may be, to make sure this report is not biased politically in any way. Cer tainly enough, it will have to be re garded as part of the public debt. Many expenditures which in 1933 were regarded as "emergency" have now been included in the regular government ex penditures, as may, be seen in one of the charts shown here. While there has of late been a decline in emergency spend ing, there has been a corresponding in crease .in regular expenditures. Direct relief, work relief and emergency public works expendi tures have decreased from 3 billion 59 million in 1935 to 2 billion 569 million in the 1936 fiscal year. Spending for the Civilian Conserva tion corps is due to decline from 469 million to 308 million in the measures of his program. Revenues have never failed to improve since 1932. They were 3 billion 800 million dollars in the 1935 fiscal year, and jumped to 4 billion 116 million in the year just closed. Next year, it is estimated, they will reach 5 billion 540 mil lion. This, if it proves true, will mean the biggest tax bill since 1920, when revenues amounted to 6 bil lion 695 million. In the new fiscal year it is estimated that income taxes will provide more rev enue than they have at any time since 1930, when rates were low, but incomes (1929) were at their highest. The Rev enue Act of 1935 will be a factor in the rise of income taxes in the last half of th& fiscal year. Balance Six Years Off. During the depression the major part of the tax burden has shifted from income to the excise taxes and the stamp taxes on cigarettes, liquor, gasoline, security issues and transactions, electric energy, auto mobiles, matches and many other items of indirect taxation. When incomes ,were high, they used to provide about 70 per cent of the government tax revenue, but today tKe “hidden” taxes, which are paid by all, regardless of income, pro vide more than 60 per cent of the government revenue. These “miscellaneous internal Comptroller General McCarl, Who Recently Resigned After 15 Years reduced to 33 billion 779 million, largely through the redemption of soldiers’ bonus bonds. Cites Recoverable Assets. Against this debt. Secretary Mor- genthau pointed out, must be held about 8*4 billions, which the gov ernment holds in what he calls re coverable assets. Most of them, to be sure, are recoverable, but a cer tain portion of them, including about 4 billions in loans to farmers, railroads, banks, insurance compa nies, states and cities, are open to question; it hardly seems possible that any organization could make loans so varied in nature and com bining to make so large a total, could expect to collect them all. Other recoverable assets listed by the secretary are 2 billion 700 million cash and “money in the bank,” and 2 billion in the “stabil ization” fund. This latter fund, how ever, it would probably be unwise to touch, because it was estab lished for specific purposes, prin cipally for stabilizing the dollar in foreign exchange markets. Beudet mhos Mr. Morgenikest eppmr- mtly ronudrrrd legitimate tubtrmturns from the public debt ere about 4 1 , bil- lums i» equally legitimate add it tout to the debt. 7 hete are got ernment guaran ties and obligations-- federal/* underwrit ten corporations and the like. It was apparent as the new fiscal year began that little or no prog ress in balancing the budget would be made. Although revenues are due to continue increasing, as the country enjoys a continuation of the trend back toward prosperity and as the administration's new revenue producing measures be come more effective, expenditures are also due for a rise, some of them expenditures unforeseen by the government a year or two ago. Taxes and other revenues, accord- jig to estimates, will probably sur pass those of any other year in history with the exception of 1920. An important phase of the new fiscal year. Farm relief costs, 1 revenue” taxes have for the past 1935-36 1936-37 (ACTUAL) (ESTIMATED )t (flfmru to ttodb «n mlllhm ol goliori) (flfmrsi to ktocti trs aifltom W gtlltrt) *ELIEF$ p£2*»lg£ I0NUS '• V. 1771.V; eegeavm e*m •: iUiyss *;• NATIONAL DEFENSE V. MfMVTt FARM RELIEF 712 —rrr Ms PUBLIC DEBT SERVICE IIS] . w BPttWTUIB *8.880.000.000 IECDFT5 M. 116.000.000 RELIEF*: stuniffl# OPERATING: &S COSTS ££ 104|:v£v; w •*— UTtMU M'lkU ;•:*.• wi • iiiuat ftOMOTt (•« FARM RELIEF ,i.„ PUBLIC DEBT SERVICE 1441 BISCflUICMS (SO EXfOOTlIKB ^$02,000,000 ucnre (5.640.000.001 Where the Money Goes and Where It Comes From too. will probably be on the down swing. ••Regular'’ Costs Mount. In regular operating and admin istrative costs have the greatest rises been apparent. The present administration, it is estimated, has added some 250,000 federal full- | time employees in addition to the relief rolls. Operating and admin istrative costs were 550 million for the 1935 fiscal year, increased to 735 million in the 1936 year, and for the new one are expected to reach 1 billion 48 million. Incorporated somewhere in the ex planation of this is the fact that the operations of many of the federal departments, especially those deal ing with public works, were severe ly cut during the economy wave which followed the change of ad ministration in 1933, but they are 2 3 4 5 6 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS Emergency Expenditures Regular Expenditures Three Years of Federal Spending (Does Not Include the Veterans’ Bonus) fiscal year will be the appearance for the first time in the ledger of the new social security program. The federal ledger in the new fiscal year will be important his torically because of the changing nature of its entries. It will see the institution as permanent ex penditures of many of the meas ures which the administration adopted at first as purely “emer gency” in character. How Spending Has Increased Before 1934 the largest expendi tures in peace time during a single year had been 6 billion 404 million. During the 1934 fiscal year the gov ernment found it necessary to lay out 7 billion 244 million dollars; the next year expenditures were up 182 million, but during the 1936 now finding their ways back into the budget. For instance, when President Roosevelt first came into office he effected imme diate and drastic economies in river and harbor and public building work. They were subsequently revived in the emer gency programs. Now Mr. Roosevelt has indicated his desire to return them to the permanent budget, with an annual appropriation of about 500 million dol lars. Taxes Keep Going Up. Generally, the switch of public works programs back to the regu lar budget, combined with other transitions, is regarded as the be ginning of the attempt to make most of the New Deal a perma nent phase of the government The President has asked for the insti tution of the CCC and tlv» farm control program as - permanent several years established records. In the 1938 fiscal year for the first time they passed the 2 billion mark. In the new year they will prot> ably reach 2 billion 250 million. £i*n uilh rerestuat rising the svoy they are, they will not. at ike present rnta. ba able to bring about a balanced budget before about ns year*, la order In pay lor expenditures ukick could not coma out of the regular income, and In han dle the 2 billion soldiers’ bonus, the treasury had to let the national debt skyrocket to 27 billion at the end of the 1934 fiscal year, 28 billion 700 million at Secretary of the Treasury Mor- genthau the close of the next and now to 33 bil lion 750 million. Until results of pending bond transaations are knotvn, it cannot be estimated what the debt will be at the close of the new fiscal year. One of the interesting develop ments in the financial operationi of the government recently hai been the retirement of John Ray mond McCarl, comptroller genera] of the United States and popularly known as the “watchdog of the treasury.” He warned against wild and unjustified expenditures, and many times during his 15 years o! service was a valuable check on too enthusiastic spending of publi* funds. • Honiara Xoaxgagai Union. IMPROVED UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL S UNDAY I chool Lesson By RBV. HAROLD L. LUNDQUI8T. Dean of the Moody Bible Inatltute of Chicago. O Western Newspaper Union. ■= Lesson for August 2 PHILIP’S MISSIONARY LABORS LESSON TEXT—AcU «-5-40. GOLDEN TEXT—Therefore they that were scattered abroad went everywhere preaching the word.—Acta 8:4. PRIMARY TOPIC—PhiUp Telia the Glad News. JUNIOR TOPIC—PhiUp Telia the Glad News. INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOPIC -Pioneering for Jesus. YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOPIC— The Gospel Crosses the Frontier. Evangelism is the work of every follower of Christ, and primarily the work of the layman. This duty cannot be delegated to the church as an organized body or to its offi cial servants. Philip was a layman, a deacon in the church by office, but an evan gelist by the gift and calling of the Holy Spirit. His experience in lead ing the Ethiopian eunuch to Christ demonstrates that one who is yield ed to the Spirit— I. Will Find Opportunity tor Soul Winning (v. 26); Most unexpected places will afford opportunities. Philip was in the midst of a great revival in Samaria when the angel of the Lord sent him to Gaza.—-a desert place. Who would he meet here? Remember that the great world-evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, was converted in a humble, shoe store by the earnest approach of a Sunday school teacher. II. Will Respond Immediately to Mtf Spirit's Leading (w. 29, 30). The Spirit said “go.” Philip “ran.” The fundamental of fundamentals in God’s children is obedience. The opportunity, the inquiring soul, the equipped personal worker, ail were prepared by God for just that mo ment. All would have been lost had Philip failed to obey. III. Will Find That Men and Wom en Are Ready to Receive the Truth (w. 28, 31-34). God prepares souls, and more are I willing to be saved than we think. Whether it was through his experi ence at Jerusalem, his spiritual I hunger before he went up. or the j reading of the Word, or all these , together, the eunuch was ready. Neighbors, schoolmates, trades people, fellow workers—they may present God's opportunity for us. . IV. Will Find That God Honors Men by Using Them to Win Others. He could “save a man all alone ' on the top of the Alps,” but ho doesn’t ordinarily do it. Remember ; it was “the sword of the Lord and i of Gideon” that wrought a victory, j The eunuch needed an interpreter of the truth. Philip was God's man. V. WUI Know God’s Word (v. BS). We cannot interpret what we do not ; know. One who is not personally ac- | qua in ted with the Living Word by regeneration, and the Written Word by diligent study, is not able to help others. Could you begin (as Philip < did) at Isaiah 53 7. and lead a man to Christ? If not, should you not be- ^ gin to study your Bible with such an | end in view? VI. WUI ‘Tarry Through’’ to a Decision (w. 36. 37). A salesman may be brilliant, cul tured. and persuasive, but what counts is the signature on the dot- | ted line at the bottom of an order. Philip pressed for and obtained a decision. VII. WiU Follow up HU Convert (vv. 36. 37). Much so-called evangelism fails to go beyond a mere profession—a declaration of faith. The eunuch and Philip both knew that an inward faith declares itself in an outward act—and he was baptized. VIII. Will Recognize That the Mes sage Is Important, Not the Messen ger (v. 39). When the work was done the evangelist was carried away by the Spirit. God’s work goes on. His workman we set aside. As an advertising company has well- expressed it, “The purpose of ad vertising is to impress the product upon the reader’s mind, not the medium.” It is a fine testimony to the effec tiveness of Philip’s ministry that al though he was gone his convert went “on his way >kioicing.” His faith did not rest on tWe evangelist nor any human fellowship—he knew God. Let us be sure to win souls to God and not simply to a personal allegiance to us or to a religious organization. Why not be a Philip? Any man or woman who knows the Lord Jesus Christ as personal Savior can be a winner of souls. It has. well been said that all that Philip had was “a love for souls, a knowledge of the Word and a sensitiveness to the leading of the Lord. That is all we need. If every Christian were a Philip the world would be won for Christ in ten years.” Blooded Horses Are Revered in Kentneky. Count Your Blessings He is a wise man who does not grieve for the things which he has not, but rejoices for those which he has.—Epictetus'. Self-Knowledge Self - reverence, self - knowledge self-control; these three alone lead life to sovereign power.—Tennyson. Center of Selfishness Selfishness is the making a man’i self his own center, the beginning and end of all he doth.—John Owen Prepared by the National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.—WNU Service. S OME 46,000 acres of land, much of it magnificent virgin forest, will be included in the Mammoth Cave National park in Kentucky. In the long struggle to establish this national park, Maurice H. Thatcher, for many years United States representative from Kentucky, was a prime mover. Discovered in 1803, Mammoth Cave was considered the largest na tional cavern m America until the exploration of the Carlsbad caverns in New Mexico. The underground passages are of remarkable extent, probably undermining the entire area of the proposed park develop ment. Almost every dweller in the neighborhood ha^a cave of his own, to which he seeks to attract visi tors. Underground rivers in which swim eyeless fish are a weird fea ture of the caves. Besides these there are vast stalactites and stalag mites, the best of which are seen in the part of the cavern reached through the New Entrance. A “froz en Niagara” of salmon-colored rock and a stalactite which, when illumi nated by an electric light placed be hind it, shadows the perfectly mold ed form of a beautiful woman step ping down as if to bathe in the sub terranean river, are unique. There are onyx caves and crystal caves; one might profitably pass weeks going through them all. It was in one of these that Floyd Col lins met his death. Beyond Mammoth Cave to the west winds the beautiful Green riv er known as one of the deepest fresh j water streams in the country. In this neighborhood was shed the first Kentucky blood of the Civil war. when Granville Allen was shot. Families were torn asunder by the 1 difference of allegiance. Few atatee knew the horror of Civil war as did > Kentucky. To understand what war meant to the border people, one needs only to be reminded that Jef ferson Davis was born near Hop kinsville, not far from Bowling Green, and that Abraham Lincoln 1 was bom near Hodgenville, a few miles to the north. Birthplace of Llacela. At Hodgenville. a stately memo rial shelters the humble log cabin in which Lincoln was born. Sim- , plicity marks the place as it marked the great soul it fostered. Visitors pause for a drink from the Lincoln | spring. Memories of Lincoln linger in the very air between Hodgenville and Bardstown. To Knob creek the Lin coln family moved before young Abraham was two years old, and there they lived until he was eight. His earliest recollections, he wrote, were of Knob creek, and how he was saved from drowning there ; by the quick aid of a chum. Not much chance of drowning in the creek now; it is little more than a rivulet. If there is a house in the world worthy to inspire music, it is “My Old Kentucky Home,” near Bards town. While a guest in the house, then owned by his kinsfolk, the Rowan family, Stephen Collins Fos ter composed that deathlers ballad, “My Old Kentucky Home.” He wrote the music, it is said, at a desk in the wide hall, the sun streaming through the door opening toward the slave quarters. Thai selfsame desk still stands in its wonted place, the most precious of Kentucky’s furniture relics. Even without the Foster tradition, the home would be priceless. It makes no attempt at ostentation, but it is peopled with ghosts of Ihe fine old South. In Bardstown is St. Joseph’s ca thedral, in which are displayed sev eral original paintings by great masters. They are believed to have been a gift to the church by Louis Philippe. Not far from the town is Geth- semane, a retreat of Trappist monks, one of two such monasteries in the United States. Louisville, the city of George Rog ers Clark, comes next on your itin erary, northwestward over an excel lent highway. It was there that the doughty soldier ended his days in bitterness over the ingratitude of the nation he had spent his all to aid. At Louisville, too, are the home and tomb of President Zachary Taylor, “Old Rough and Ready.” His daughter Knox was wooed and won by Jefferson Davis, then a young lieutenant in the general’s command. To lovers of horse racing, Louis ville is a mecca when the Kentucky Derby is run at Churchill Downs. Where Baseball Bats Are Made. At the Louisville Slugger factory, baseball bats for many of the fa mous players are hand-turned by skilled workmen. The second- growth ash comes to the factory in rough billets. These billets are rounded and laid on racks to sea son for 17 months before they are made into bats. Because ball play ers are particular about the weight and balance of their bats, each £tep in the shaping of the sluggers re quires the utmost oare. Special or ders are prepared by hand workers. From Louisville it is a pleasant trip to Frankfort, the hill-encircled capital of Kentucky. The old State- house, now a museum, is an archi tectural gem of pure Greek design. Within it is a self-supporting circu lar stairway, one of the few remain ing. The new Statehouse is a splen did structure, with a magnificent ro tunda under the vaulted dome. It is strangely fitting that Daniel Boone is buried in the cemetery overlooking the capital of the state he helped win from the wilderness. From the path around his tomb one looks down to the broad valley of the beautiful Kentucky river. The heart of the Blue Grass is the home of the thoroughbred. To one who has striven futilely, baffled by crab grass, to encourage a lawn, the sight of those blue-grass pas tures brings mixed feelings. One does not feel outraged to see splen did horses browsing on such lawns, but one is hard put to escape taking affront at cows and sheep feeding on the velvety carpets. Horses in the Blue Grass are monarchs of the earth. On some of the famous farms the huge circular stables house quarter-mile exerciee tracks floored with tan bark. The thoroughbred is nurtured more carefully than a baby-show contender. A few hours after he is born he is fitted with a halter, that he may become used to the equip* menu fie is permitted out of doors only when conditions are exactly right. If be acratches his silky skin, he is plastered with antiseptic and put in a hospital. He drinks only from hit own special bucket and his diet would be the despair of a French chef. The owner of one farm cut by a highway has a tunnel under the road through which his thorough breds may be led without danger from passing automobiles. There is a thrill in visitjng the stable that housed Ifan-o’-War, Golden Broom, Crusader, sad Mars. Lexington Is Charm lag. In itself Lexington has a wealth of charm as well as historic inter est. The University of Kentucky is there, its mellow old buildings scat tered over a shady campus. In the study room at the College of Engi neering, heavy tables, with tope fashioned of thick sections of a ven erable sycamore tree that once grew on the campus, are treasured relics covered with carved names of alumni. Another fine educational institu tion in Lexington is Transylvania college, the first school for higher education west of the Alleghenies. There Jefferson Davis and Henry Clay were once students. The li brary of this school contains thou sands of volumes so rare that schol ars from all over the world come to consult them. Ashland, restored home of Hen ry Clay, stands on the outskirts of the city. On the walk behind the house the magnetic orator and statesman used to pace back and forth planning his speeches. Through the perfect green of the Blue Grass country you may drive to High Bridge, where a railroad bridge 317 feet above the water spans the Kentucky. Crossing the river on a ferry, you approach old Shakertown, once the home of a strange sect who believed in celi bacy and the coming of the millen nium. Another place of interest in a swing south Lexington is the old fort at Harrodsburg, where George Rogers Clark planned his cam paigns. The fort has been restored and is open as a museum. Old Centre college at Danville at tracts you because of the heroic vic tories of the “Praying Colonels” football team. At Berea college you see the re markable results of vocational ed ucation brought to mountain whites. One cannot escape a feeling of hu mility at sifht of the industry of these students.