Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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* . V The Baniwcll People-S—tiacl, Bmniwell S. Thureday, Joly 30, 1936 B 1 BRISBANE THIS WEEK Pencend Among Bicycle* Many Strikes and Worrie* Two Flags That Clash Two National Hymns This column, like others to fol low, written in Europe, traveling about by auto mobile, will rep resent an effort to see things clearly, and de scribe them sim ply, according to the old formula. You descend from the ship at Havre into a world on wheels, bicycle wheels, a change from the world on automo bile wheels left on the other side of the Atlantic. Here working men and women, thousands of them, ride to and from work, ten to thirty abreast, depending on the width of the street. They have the right of way, prop erly, in a democracy. So it used to be in America, when automobiles were new, small boys shouted “Get a horse,” and New York state law compelled the automobile driver to stop his car and engine, while a farm wagon passed, if the farmer raised his hand, or even lead the farm team past his machine if the farmer re quested it> Here the car stops, while bicycles circulate around it on both sides. Similarly, you stop, later, meeting flocks of sheep, on roads across the salt marshes of the Vendee. , / * News Review of Current Events the World Over Crop Damage From Drouth Mounts—Assassin Tries to , * Kill Edward VIII—Townsend and Coughlin Form Alliance. v By EDWARD W. PICKARD C Weatern Newspaper Union. Arthar Brlabnne I Dr. Tugwell France is a land of bicycles, of many political parties, and. at the moment, a land of strikes. Like all other European countries, it is a land of permanent war scarte*. America looks upon war as a dis tant. improbable possibility, and when it comes spends billions on airships that do not fly. ships that never go to sea. and similar evi- dances of patriotic dollar-a-yaar ef ficiency. Europe s nations live in a state of fear, as an American family might live if it knew that, at any moment, well-equipped gangsters from nest door might en ter. "shoot up the household and set Are to the bouse American travelers leaving the I b«»at by railroad, descending in . . Wvomme Fan. at the Saint Larar. station. ver* surprised to find crowds .fight ing each other, not waiting for Germany crowds made up entirely | ^ * ¥r p A MrTUA< . granting of r imen of different political tuads to farmers desir.ng to keep 'T'HE nation’s drouth worries, con- * tinued unabated after scattered showers in widely separated areas of the Midwest and the “Northwest failed to eliminate the heat. Regions bordering the Great Lakes enjoyed cool breezes brought by a high pressure area from Hudson Bay. But the meager rainfall in the drouth-stricken belt did little toward bringing relief and crop deterioration continued on a vast scale through out the parched states. Loss of life throughout the United States from the unprecedented heat wave exceeded 3,850, an all-time high. Agronomists in Minnesota, Ne braska, Iowa, Illinois and Ohio ex pressed apprehension over the out look for the corn crop unless gen eral rains should develop rapidly. In prmcipal cities the price of milk was advanced one cent a quart as the result of drouth condi tions. Prices of meat, however, dropped with the influx to market of drouth cattle. The possibility of an upward trend later on was seen, however. Completing a tour of the drouth areas, Secretary of Agriculture Wallace declared the nation need have no fears of a food shortage, and assailed those "who ’ ave tried for their own purposes to scare the consumers about food scarci ty.” He added: “There is no ex cuse for substantial increases in food prices now ” Arriving at Bismarck, North Da kota. to help co-ordinate drouth re lief enterprises. Rexford G. Tug- well. resettlement administrator, w«a informed that approximately so ooo farm families in the state were among the needy A confer ence of state and federal officials in Bismarck developed a three-fold , plan for the relief of dwellers m > the desolated areas of the Dakotas. eastern Mon- Theae mclud- 12 unions grouped as the Commit tee for Industrial Unionization. The council’s action was looked upon as a peace move in the crisis that threatens open warfare in the labor movement. It was precipi tated by the drive to organize 500,- 000 workers in the steel industry into one big industrial union by Johm L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers and his fol lowers. The charges against the Lewis group include “competition as a rival organization with the A. F. of L.”; fomenting an insurrection within the Federation; violation of contracts they have entered into with the Federation when granted their charters. •mall livestock herds 'or the pur to •eta. loana and grant* to cwnora of largo 8k aW cattle enterprtaee to cover the coot of shipping oiiimala to other state* for feeding T HE attempted asaaaatnalion of King Edward VIII of England c-f tune, all knowing the worda of their rempettne hymn* The • Mar- aeillaiae says. * Let us go. chil dren of the fatherland, the day of glory has arrived”; the other says. “Arise ye prisoners of starvation; arise, ye wretched of the earth.” It was a scene never to be de scribed, now that Dooley is dead, and Artemus Ward Nobody both ered the descending foreigners from across the water. A few Frenchmen hit other Frenchmen, not hard, then agents of the Surcte, whom we should call po licemen. gradually dispersed the crowds, that met and sang at each other again the next day. They live in the suburbs and work in Paris, or vice versa, and, meeting in the railroad station, it enrages them io encounter those that sing the wrong hymn and wear the wrong colors. Those singers have chests like drums, complexions that reveal countless billions of red corpuscles and voices that could be heard, al most, from Los Angeles to Santa Monica. One of them broke oil at the sad word “starvation” and said to your naiiator, who had politely congrat ulated him on his vigor: “Tenez, talez mon bras, et j’ai soixante nept ans”—meaning, "Here, feel rr> muscle, and I am sixty-seven yi . rs old.” The muscle rose in a biceps like a small melon. King Edward of F opm .hT.TIJ'K,' '“"T*^“l! ^ 15SS White and blue color* of the French flag others, more numerous, wore the plain color red One side sang the Marseillais*. * national hymn France since the revolution Others wearing small red flags sang the "Internationale.” official s**ng of the Communists the world ever, from Ifoecm* to Harlem Crowds grew bigger, the French- brought great alarm to men song the two hymns at each thr English speaking world The other, more and more violently, stfkrni t was made with excellent voices, not one out | nemr Hyde Park and .he monarch's life waa saved by a woman bystander who grappled with the would-be assas sin and wrerted a pistol from him The king was re turning to Bucking ham palace from Hyde Park, where on horseback he had presented new colors to six battalion* of the Grenadier, Cold stream and Soots guards. There was unrest in other Euro pean capitals. In Madrid, Jose Cal- vo Sotello, one of Spain’s most pow erful monarchist leaders, was kid naped and murdered. Precautions were taken to guard other politi cal figures, lest the assassination open a new period of disorder be tween the leftists and rightists. The crisis was heightened by the threat of the Socialists to estab lish a dictator. In Paris, the celebration of France’s national holiday, Bastille day, saw the Champs Elysees a scene of rioting with rightists and leftists in combat with each other and the police. The disorders be gan when leftists were returning from their own parade in the east ern section of the city. Seeing red flags borne in the processioi., the rightists greeted their opponents with cries of “Soviets everywhere.” Hopeful signs for European peace were seen in the withd.awal by Italy from Lybia of the first units of 40,000 troops from the Egyptian frontier. The withdrawal of the troops from the North African col ony was Italy’s answer to Britain’s action in recalling its home fleet from the Mediterranean. AN ALLIANCE between Dr. ** Francis E. Townsend, Father Charles E. Coughlin and the Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith in the interests of a third party was announced at the Townsendite conven tion in Cleveland, attended by 12,000 followers of the California doctor who advocates pen sions of $200 per month for every person over sixty. In an address be- rw T,,. fore the convention. Of. Townsend Father bjt : terly denounced the present admin istration and President Roosevelt and called upon the delegatez to follow Dr. Townsend in endorsing the candidacy of William Lemke for the presidency on the Union ticket. Earlier the New Deal had been target of boLi Dr. Townsend and the Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith, now leader of the late Huey Long’s share-the-wealth movement. Townsendite candidates who must run on the Democratic ticket planned a pro-Roosevelt demon stration Pro-Roosevelt delegations representing 11 atatea signed a res olution urging that no ”met„er or fusion” with a third party be made. A tactical victory was won by the New Deal forces m the election of WilLs Mahoney. Townaendite-Dem ocratic candidate for senator from Oregon, aa chairman of the resolu I lions committee *T'HE arrest of former Lieut. * Commander John S Farnsworth a. Km «■ I ** ^ United States navy on • b* repaid by work on WPA pm, | charf# that he had told conAden President Roosevelt A FTER dedicating New Yorr a ** new $64,000,000 Tri - borough bridge, attending the wedding of Mrs. Ruth Bryan Owen, minister to Denmark, to Captain B o e r g e Rohde of the Dan ish court and spend ing two days at hia Hyde Park home. President Roosevelt embarked on a nautical vacation in Maine and Canadi an waters. On the bridge dedication program with the President were Secretary of the Interior Ickes, Gov. Lehman of New York, Senator Wagner and Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia of New York City. ■ The bridge is the larg est completed public works admin istration project in the East. It comprises four spans in its three and one-half miles of elevated ways and connects Manhattan, the Bronx and Queens, Long Island, Its cost is second only to that of the Gold en Gate bridge at San Francisco. On the cruise of the Sewanna, a 50-foot schooner yacht, President Roosevelt will act as skipper and helmsman. Three of his four sons, James, Franklin Jr., and John are members of the crew. The cruise will carry the President along the Maine coast to Campobello Island, New Brunswick, where his mother has a summer home and off No va Scotia where he expects to do some deep sea fishing. A destroy er, the presidential yacht Potomac and the schooner Liberty carrying newspaper men are trailing the Se wanna. Before he returns to the White House, the President will pay a visit to Lord Tweedsmuir, gover nor-general of Canada. A NEW era in European diplo- ** macy was heralded with the signing of a treaty between Ger many and Austria re-establishing peace and normal relations be tween the two nations. Since Italy has been acting in the role of big brother to Austria i»* the past two years it was re garded as a virtual certainty that Premier Mussolini had sanctioned the new pact. Observers pointed out that with Germany, Austria and Italy in accord and with Po land friendly to Hitler’s aims, Eu rope now has a prospective alli ance more powerful than the triple alliance of Germany, Italy and Au stria-Hungary preceding the World war. Washinqtoni Digest Jk National Topics Interpreted ! 8y WILLIAM BRUCKART NATIONAL PRESS BLDG WASHINGTON D C Immediate advancement of mon ey to needy families, repayable UaJ naval data to a Japanese of- Acer marked what obaervera be lieved was the beginning of a roundup of persona , suspected of supplying navy secrets to foreign powers. Declaring that he had obtained nothing of importance from the navy and gave nothing to the Jap anese that “could not have been obtained in the public library in I Washington." Famaworth at Arst | pleaded not guilty to the charges Farnsworth is charged with tak ing from the Navy department and later selling it to the Japanese gov ernment. a book entitled "The Service of Information and General Security.” The book is on naval tactics and according to officials, is rated as " con Aden tial.” on o f The duty of a visiting foreigner is to observe, describe and not comment; but this writer, had he accepted the invitation to speak at the American club in Paris recent ly. would have suggested that the F. ench, whose only earthly pos se.'.-ion is France, should be care ful not to tear that property apart, especially with Germany ready to gather up the pieces. This crosses the water by mail, is not new, and not news, when you see it. Only heaven knows what might happen in a week. C FViatum &yndicni«L Imc. WNL' tferv ic« IMMEDIATE splitting of the * American Federation of Labor into two rival, groups was a vetted by the action of the Federation’s executive council in voting to bring to trial on August 3 the union leaders led by John L. Lewis on charges of “dual union.sn».” It had been reported earlier that the council had voted to uuspem. the PREDICTING, 1936 will be the best 1 business year since 1930 and “possibly since 1929.Colonel Leon ard P. Ayers, economist of Cleve land, declared that statistics on all important business had shown sub stantial and “healthy increases” ! since the first of this year; Strikes, drouth and other difficulties have not affected increases in employ ment, markets and securit.- ex- i changes, the economist said. “More steel has been produced in the first half of 1936 than in all i 1932,” he pointed out. “A major factor in the increased steadiness of business has been well sustained employment among the- factory workers making durable goods. Workers in the durable goods fac tories suffer most from lay-offs and shut-downs, but such has not been the case in the first half of this year and of last year.” LJ ENRY FORD, approaching his A 1 seventy - third birthday en visioned ’ the eventual decline of farm animals as a source of the world’s fooc and predicted tliat grains and other crops will largely be substituted for then.. “We can, 1 be lieve, get a more plentiful supply of food- cheaper and better,” he said, ”by processing the products of the soil instead of asking Henry rord cows and chickens to do it for us. In the future farm animals of all kinds will decline in numbers. We Won’t need them. The farm animal will go, but the farm will become larger.” » /""'OMPLETE endorsement of the presidential candidacy of Gov. Alf M. Landon of Kansas waa giv en by former Gov. Frank O. Low- den of Illinoir fol lowing a conference in Topeka. Follow ing the conference former Governor Lowden announced that he and Gover nor Landon were in “full accord” the Question farm relief. The Illinois farm leader revealed that he had dis cussed soil erosion, reciprocal treaties, conservation of farm population, government aid in marketing surplus crops, centraliz ing of federal power and reduction of federal expenditures with Gov. Landon. Mr. Lowden declared: “W# are in accord on the impor tant agricultural issues. I shall support him and campaign for hia election.” Payment of cash federal boun ties to soil * conserving farmers through a plan contemplating state administration was one of the farm pimciples advocated by Mr. Low den which received the verbal sup port of Gov. Landon following the conference. With the Republican presidential oominee at work on his acceptance speech, conferences with other leader* were scheduled. Important among these was the visit of George N. Peek, former AAA ad ministrator who resigned his post following a break with Secretary of Agriculture Wallace and is now a New Deal critic. Also on the program was the visit ot Col. Frank Knox, Governor Landon’s running mate. At Governor Landon’s office a letter was made public from Wil liam Cabell Bruce, former Demo cratic senator from Maryland, say ing that he was “bitterly disap pointed” in President Roosevelt and “deeply gratified” at Governor Landon’s nomination. In the meantime members of the Kansas legislature had departed for their homes after submitting two constitutional amendments to f e state’s ^lictorate. One of these would authorize state aid for the needy and the other would ap prove state participation in the fed eral social security plan. CMETEEN Japanese army officers U who were leaders in last Febru ary’s bloody rebellion in which four high-ranking government officials met assassination, were executed by a firing squad in Tokyo. Two other officers condemned to death were not shot and no expla nation was made by the war office. They were Captain Yoshiaki Naka- murd and Captan Asiachi Isobe. Unofficial observers believeo their lives were temporarily spared so that they might testify in trials of other men accused of complicity in the uprising of February 26 which pished Japan close to ths mk of civil war. Washington.—One of the pieces of legislation enacted by the late . seventy - fourth Snip congress was the Subtlety ship subsidy bill. Residents of farming communities and smaller cities and towns in the interior probably paid no attention to it whatsoever. Nor was tinre any outstanding reason apparent why they should give thought to a rath er complex and yet far-reaching piece of legislation. But it is im portant even though the circum stances under which it will be ef fective may not so appear to the agricultural sections of the country. The new law provides an undis guised subsidy as the basis of en couragement for development of a new American merchant marine. It is the first time that such a poli cy has been carried out by the American nation and it is, there fore, yet a matter to be tried out before anyone can say definitely that the results will be satisfac tory. Those who sponsored the leg- Islation hav£ long contended IF was both sound and sensible and their argument prevailed in con gress. Advocates of the measure say that it will provide at least a start for the construction' of new and faster and more efficient American owned ships. They con tend further that the policy upon which the nation has now em barked as regards shipping will cost less in the end than other disguised and concealed subsidies that have been employed. It may be necessary to recall that the United States long has paid what amounts to a subsidy to ocean going ships in the form of excessive rates for the transporta tion of ocean mail. There are 43 such mail routes and the ships op erating on, these routes, conse quently. benefited to the extent of the number of pounds of mail they carried because the payments they received were on, a pound basis. This contribution from the fed eral government enabled many of those shipping companies to sur vive But H it only natural that one should ask why a subsidy is ad visable or necessary at all. The answer is plain. American owned ships, ships flying tHfc American flag, are required by law to meet numerous conditions that are not required by any other nation of the ships registered with their admiral ties With these conditions, among many others, it becomes easily tin- ^ _ derstandable what Som* difficulties c o rv- DifKcuttitt front American flag ships in com petition with world shipping. Above and beyond the factors just mentioned, it is a matter of record aa well that ship construc tion in the United State* costa more perhaps than any place else in the world. Here again Amefican stand ards are influential. They bring about higher wages and shorter hours for American labor in Amer ican shipyards. Thus, a new ship starting out begins its service with a handicap of greater cost upon which a return must be had if those who invest their money in ships are to receive a profit thereon. Then, there is a further distinct and important reason. I refer to national defense. It has long been the conviction of military and naval men that American freight and pas senger ships should be so designed, developed and constructed, that they might be converted to satis factory use as auxiliary craft in time of war. In this connection it will be recalled that tremendous sums were expended by our gov ernment in building ships for use in the World war. There was such vast waste of money at that time that it seems incredible anyone should ever make the same mis take again. But to avoid that mis- Pests and Political students have been en gaged lately in stirring arguments over what possi bly may be a new Drouth influence in the campaigns of 1936. 1 refer to the disastrous con ditions in some of the plains of the Middle West resulting from lack of ^ rain. I refer, also, to the presence take advance preparations are nec- ( °/ P 6515 * n sections o. the plains essary and that is a point strongly stressed by those who favored tfie ship subsidy legislation. pete with ships constructed with government money and subsidized by special privileges accorded by their governments. So, it is made to appear, at least from this line of reasoning, that American firms are left to the mer cies of foreign shipping companies in their efforts to expand our ex port trade—that is, they are left to these mercies unless this govern ment takes a definite stand by which American flag ships are ac corded some advantages. I suspect there are many fea tures of the ship subsidy bill which was fathered by Senator Copeland, New "York Democrat, that will prove unsatisfactory. Indeed, I am sure some of them will be found to be wholly unworkable. But the point is, after all, that a start has been made toward honesty of poli cy in dealing with merchant ma rine problems. I think no one can refute the statement that as be tween concealed or disguised sub sidies and forthright payments that are known as subsidies, the forth right honest method is decid edly better. Since the United States normally produces a surplus of agricultural products, it becomes highly im portant to agriculture that the for eign markets are accessible and that the costs of transportation do not entirely eat up the value of the commodity exported unless the wheat from the plains states and the cotton from the South and the corn from the Mississippi valley can be moved at reasonable cost. It can be moved at reasonable cost only if American shipping is pro tected. That is not alone my opin ion. It is the opinion of many ex perts in the field. One might properly inquire why the foreign boats should not be used to handle American commodi ties it the freight rate is lower. There are two very valid reasons why this should not be obtained. One is that constant rate reduction by foreign shipping companies would sooner or later, probably sooner, destroy the American mer chant marine. With this end achieved, the foreign shipping com- ptnies would do as they have at tempted to do on a number of occa sions—jack up the rates to suit themselves. The other reason why American goods should be shipped in American bottoms is that a mer cantile marine is aa necessary an adjunct to our national economy and our national welfare as are the lines of land transportation. This may seem to me a broad statement but I believe, nevertheless it it a truthful one because all fields of in dustry as well as agriculture would suffer tf we were left at the mercy of foreign shipping companies. Further, the commodities that we import would pay whatever rates the foreign shipping companies de manded in order to reach our shores and we would pay the bill. It seems, therefore, that while this legislation proLtbly is far from perfection, probably has entirely too much governmental Anger in the shipping pie. presents a start that eventually will be helpful. 1 have heard no answer to this state ment. It is going to cost about so much for transportation on the ocean and if we can. maintain an American industry upon that cost plus the aid of a subsidy of the type now initiated, we have laid out a sound unit in our national commercial structure. It goes with out saying, therefore, that if it is helpful to one part of the country it is going to be helpful to all oth ers because we are so interrelated A Now to link the importance of the ship subsidy bill with agriculture: .. , -,/•.» American prod- Link With ucts must have the Farm access to foreign markets and this access must be under fair and rea sonable competition conditions. Such reasonable and fair competi tive conditions caAnot be obtained -if American built ships, constructed at greater costs because of the high er standards of wages and living same reasons do not have some protection from the government whose flag they fly. They cannot, for example, meet the freight rates offered by the Japanese whose la bor basis is distressing and whose general construction costs are amazingly low. Nor can they corn- states. It has been interesting, not to say humorous, listen tc the' argu ments being advanced, arguments based purely on political phases that may or may not result from those conditions. There is ncr agree ment among the Democrats and no agreement among the Republicans as to the effect of the natural cir cumstances developing in the mid dle west. Some Democrats con tend the drouth will react to Pres ident Roosevelt's advantage. Some Republicans fear that the Demo- efintention cratic contention is true. Some Democrats are afraid that the loss m * . . . j ot crops and the generally bad con- of American labor and operated in which this leaves thou- on a basis of greater cost for the sanH c " V sands of farmers will place them in a state of mind where they will be determined to Vote against some body and of course the only per son against whom they can vote is Mr. Roosevelt inasmuch as he hap pens to be the man in power ut the moment. C W«-»i*rn N«wa(«i*-r Cnir-%.