Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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K* . n- L r. ^ ^ ; /' The Barnwell Ptople-Sefttinel, Barnwell 8. Thursday, July 2, ‘1936 News Review af Current . . <• Events the World Over Revised Guffey Coal Bill Is Passed—Republicans Map Campaign Strategy—England Abandons Anti-Italian Trade Sanctions. _____________________________ j By EDWARD W. PICKARD C Western Newspaper Uniea. L AST minute passage of Important legislation marked the closing ses- nions of congress before adjournment for the summer. The house, by a rote of 1G1 to 00, passed the revised version of the Guf fey bill to restore federal control of soft coal production, Invalidated by the Supreme court It passed the measure on to the senate. Observers pointed out that this was the quickest repair Job on a Supreme court decision that the New Deal has thus far achieved. The new bill eliminates provisions governing work ing hours and wages which the court held Invalid. It retains, however, two features which the court neither approved nor disapproved: 1—The granting to a na tional bituminous coal commission au thority to fix prices and approve mar keting agreements. 2—The Imposition of a tax on the production of coal. The tax feature has been altered some what from the original bill. Instead of a flat 15 per cent tax on coal produc tion. it calls for an outright excise levy of 1H per cent on all soft coal, plus a 13% per cent tax on coal In Inter- •tate commerce. The house, likewise, adopted the two MUIon, 300 million dollar relief and deficiency bill. At the same time, It killed two other measures. One was for the appropriation of funds to com plete the $150,000,000 Florida ship ca nal, which had been approved by the senate. The other was the anti-lobby bill sponsored by Senator Black of Alabama. As presented to the house It would have forced the registration of lobbyists, Including those appearing before congress and before government departments. It would also have re quired Information on contributions for lobbying punmseg and payments made to lobbyists. The senate by a vote of 42 to 24 passed the Wagner hill providing for a $460,000,000 program to encourage low cost housing construction. The bill would set up a federal housing au thority to administer the act ■m Sen. Fletcher D K^TH “In the harness" came to Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, dean of the senate, who had represented Florida In the upjier house for the last quarter of a century, lie died suddenly at his home In Wushlng- ton. Senator Fletcher, J9t a strong supporter of i. O* 1 the Roosevelt admin istration although he was considered a con servative, was chair man of the banking and currency commit tee which bore the brunt of the task In volved In the currency reform legislation and the banking act of 1935. President Roosevelt, In a statement eulogizing the senator, said "the coun try has lost an able and conscientious servant In the death of Senator Fletcher.” He declared the Floridian ‘‘was ever actuated by motives of high patriotism and unselfish devotion to the public welfare." The death of Senator Fletcher fol lowed closely the passing of Senator Park Trammel of Florida and the death of Speaker Joseph W. Byrns of Ten nessee. Senator Fletcher was born in Sumter county, Georgia, January 0, 18.10. He was graduated from Vanderbilt uni versity In 1880 and began the practice of law in Jacksonville, Fla., In 1881. He was elected to the United States senate In 11X18 and had been renominat ed and re-elected in each subsequent term. While no movement had been under taken to select his successor as chair man of the Important hanking and currency committee, it was felt In Washington circles that Senator Carter Glass, senate veteran, Virginia Demo crat. wartime secretary of the treas ury and staunch gold standard advo cate. was In line for the post. Al though a critic of some of President’s policies. Senator Glass has never gone far off the reservation. A SKMI-ANNUAL checkup revealed that 10 debtor nations had noti fied the State department that they would default on their Indebtedness to the United States. Included among these nations are: Great Britain, France, Italy. Latvia, Lithuania. Ks- tbonia, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Czecho slovakia and Poland. Finland alone promised to pay. Bel gium and Hungary had not yet replied to the State department’s notice that an installment on their war debt was due. , ov While the present debt payment was being passed,,tft^nformed circles It Is regarded that'gome basis of settlement will be sought by the European debtor nations In the near future. Increasing possibility of war In Europe, It Is be lieved, will induce these nations to re pair their credit situation in the Unit ed States. ers were valid, one partly valid and re turned tie verdicts on the other three. The two major laws declared uncon stitutional were the National Products Marketing Act, similar In some re*- spects to the nullified American NR A and the Employment and Social Insur ance Act, proposing a compulsory con tributory employment Insurance sys tem. The laws were passed in 1934 and 1935 under the Conservative govern ment then headed by Premier Bennett. Declared valid were the Unfair Busi ness Practices Act and the Farmers and Creditors Arrangement Act The Judges decided that the Dominion Trade and Industry Commission Act was partly valid. They reached a tie verdict on the Minimum Wages Act the Limitations of Hours of Work Act and the Weekly Day of Rest in Indus trial Undertakings Act John Hamilton IN TOPEKA, Kan., Got. Alfred M. * Landon, Republican nominee for the Presidency, met Col. Frank Knox, Vice Presidential nominee, and Chairman John Hamilton and members of the execn- tire committee of the Republican national committee to make plans for the coming campaign. Speaking itineraries for Gover nor Landon and Col onel Knox were dis cussed as well as other campaign strategy. Youth Is definitely represented in the re organized personnel of the executive committee which will chart the Repub lican course. Hamilton, the new chair man, Is forty-four. The youngest mem ber, Robert P. Burroughs of Manches ter, N. H., is thirty-six. Seven new metnbers attended the meeting, Includ ing Burroughs; Representative Joseph W. Martin, Jr., North Attleboro, Mass.; J. Will. Taylor, Knoxville, Tenn.; Mrs. Horace Sayre, Ardrndre, Okla.; Mrs. John Wyeth, St. Joseph, Mo.; Ezra Whitla, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho; and Earl Warren, Oakland, Calif. Mem bers returned to the committee are: Charles D. iillles, New York; Harrison E. Spangler. Cedar Rapids. Iowa; R. B. Creager, Brownsville, Texas; Mrs. Bertha Baur, Chicago, III.; Mrs. Paul Fitzsimmons, Newport, R. I.; Walter S. Hallahan, Charleston, W. Va.; and George Ball, Muncie, Ind. In the reorganization of the commit tee, Hamilton traded posts with Henry P. Fletcher, who took over the Job of counsel for the committee. C. B. Good- speed of Chicago succeeded George F. Gets as treasurer. The other commit tee officers Include four vice chairmen: Ralph E. Williams, Oregon; J. Henry Roraback, Connecticut; Mrs. John E. Hillman, Colorado; and Mrs. James Worthington, Pennsylvania. pv ANGERS of civil war In China and an armed Intervention by Japan were lessened somewhat by reports that Gen. LI Tsung-jen, military over- lord of Kwangsl province, and his sup porters had decided to yield to the su perior strength of the Nanking central government, of which Chiang Kai-shek is the generalissimo. The rebellious chieftains of Kwangsl had been cou pling their agitations against General ! Chiang with warlike demonstrations ! against the Japanese. Tokyo has de- : manded In no uncertain terms that ! the anti-Japanese activities throughout i China be suppressed. S IX red robed Judges of Canada’s Su preme court declared two of the Dominion's eight “social reform" laws unconstitutional, decided that tws oth- r\ EFINITK abandonment of Britain's U trade sanctions against Italy and advocacy of their official removal by the League of Nations was decided upon by the British cabinet, under the presidency of Prime Minister Stanley Bald win. This action of the cabinet had been expected for some time, following the failure of the sanc tions to halt Italy’s progress In the con quest of Ethiopia. ft was expected that CapL Anthony Eden, foreign secretary, would go to Geneva to attend the league meeting and urge abolition of league sanctions against Italy. Dispatches from Paris Indicated French support of the British program. The cabinet was also, reported to have formulated a program regarding Germany and the reformatiou "of the league which may call for continued pressure on Reichsfuehrer Hitler to use his power and Influence to pro mote European peace. Anthony Eden G EN. JOHN J. PERSHING Is sot optimistic concerning world peace. Addressing the graduating class at the United States Military academy on the fiftieth anniversary of his own gradua tion, the general said “no owe can tell when we shall again need our armies." He continued: “The situation In the world today Is far from reassuring. None can foresee the effect upon us ot another world catastrophe. Loyal dtl ztjs cannot shut their eyes to the |k»s slblUty of war. They owe It to all tbai is sacred to make ample preparatioi against an evil <»•- " President Roosevelt P RESIDENT ROOSEVELT returned to Washington from his tour through six western states and, though be was rather tired, he hoped to run up to New London. Conn., for the Yale-Harvard boat race. That de pended on the congres sional situation. He had to deal with the lawmakers who were all tangled up In the controversy over the tax bill, and plso to complete his speech of acceptance to be de livered at Philadel phia on June 27. The final speech of Mr. Roosevelt’s trip was delivered st Vincennes, Ind., W’here he dedicated the handsome memorial to George Rogers Clark. He paid eloquent tribute to that conqueror of the Northwest, and found occasion to appeal for support of his own program. Said he: “In his (Clark’s) day among the pi oneers there were jumpers of land claims and those who sought to swin dle their neighbors though they were poor In this world’s goods and lived In sparsely settled communities. Today among our teeming millions there still are those who by dishonorable means seek to obtain the possessions of their unwary neighbors. “Our modern civilization must con stantly protect Itself against moral de fectives whose objectives are the same but whose methods are more subtle than their prototypes of a century and a half ago. We do not change our form of free government when we arm ourselves with new weapons against new devices of crime and cupidity." In a series of rhetorical questions the President defended the AAA sub sidies to farmers, soil conservation, re forestation, and preservation of wild life. From Vincennes Mr. Roosevelt went to Hodgenvllle, Ky., for a brief visit to Lincoln’s birthplace, and then his train carried him back to Washington. I N A secret consistory Pope Plus XI raised to the rank of cardinal two of his old friends, Giovanni Mercatl and Eugenio Tlsserant Twenty-seven cardinals were present at the cere mony, among them being Cardinal Dougherty of Philadelphia. During the consistory the pope for mally proclaimed appointments of three American and two Canadian bishops. They were Msgr. George L. Leech, bishop of Harrisburg, Pa.; Msgr. Hugh L. Lamb, auxiliary bishop to Cardinal Dougherty,, Msgr. William Adrian, Nashville, Tenn.; Msgr. Francis Car rol, Calgary, Alta, and Msgr. Patrick Bray, SL John. J UST as his office was about to ex pire, Joseph B. Eastman, federal co ordinator of transportation, submitted a report In which he proposed a lot of reforms by which the railroads might win back the business they have lost to the truck and the automobile. Among hL suggestions are lower fares, light er weight, and speed ier cars, use of busses and trucks by the rail- , ^ reals to meet compe- k tltlou and consollda- tlon of terminals and J. B.Eastman 0 {^ er facilities. He also advised the development of a nation-wide “container" service In the movement of freight by railway, highway and water, predicting that this would save millions of dollars In the handling of present freight and would create ranch new business. The containers are now used in a limited manner in some localities and Indus tries. Eastman recommended a “searching examination and thorough overhaul ing” of railroad pullman service, and a plan of operation under which the Pullman company would own and op erate the cars and railroads, leasing them and retaining the entire revenue from the sleeping and parlor car serv ice. F OUR years ago Senator George Nor ris of Nebraska. Independent Re publican, warmly supported Franklin D. Roosevelt for the Presidency, and he now announces that he will again back the Democratic ticket. He urges his countrymen “to forget partisanship and come to the support of the man who more than any other man in re cent years has stood for the welfare of the common people.” The senator said the Cleveland con vention “nominated a man for President whose greatest asset is that nobody knows him and nobody knows what he stands for. It does not necessarily fol low from this that the nominee Is not a good man. Rut It does mean that If he will not take orders from the un disclosed bosses who made him, then these etnlnent gentlemen have been de ceived.” In September, 1774, the first Continental Congresa met and offered up a petition for divine guidance through days which were ominously turbulent. The four kneeling figures in the left foreground are, from left to. right, Patrick Henry, Va.; John Rutledgs, S. C.; George Wash ington, Va., and Peyton Randolph, Va. Directly to the left and standing are Samuel and John Adams of Massachuaetta. The Congress aaid in reference to the Intolerable Acts that “no obedienca ia dua from this province.” And "whereas our enemies have flattered them- selves that they shall make an easy prey of this numerous, brave and hardy people,” those “who are qualified" are urged “to acquaint themselves with the art of war aa soon as possible, and do for that purpose appear under arms at least once a week." Its drawing up of “Tha Association" to forbid the import of British goods after December 1, 1774, and the export of American good* to Great Britain, Ireland and the West Indies after September 10, 17/5, aroused severe opposition but it has been called "virtually tha beginning of the federal union.” n USSIA proposes to establish what ^ Its rulers assert will be the only real democracy in the world. A new constitution, to be promulgated next fall, has been drawn up under the di rection of Josef Stalin, the dictator, and will be acted <n by the all-unkm congress of soviets on November 25. This document g’larantees protection for private property, suffrage for all citizens more than eighteen years old, regardless of ra:e, sex, religious be lief. and previous activities or prop erty ownership. The communist party will be retained as the only recognized political organization. There are to be two legislative bod ies, the council of the union, elected by the people, and the council of na tionalities, selected by the present in direct system. These two bodies will elect a hoard of 31 officials to run the government What Made July 4 Our Greatest Day ULY 2, In the year 1770, fell on a Tuesday. The Con tinental Congress, then In convention In Philadelphia, opened Its session at 9 a. m. In Independence hall. The record of that day's business, as sot forth In the Joiiirnul of the Continental Congress, Is brief and lacking In many details, observes Hal Borland In the Philadelphia Pub lic Ledger. Several letters, including one from General Washington, were read and disposed of, that of Washing ton being "referred to the board of war and ordnance.” Then the Journal says: "The congress resumed the consider ation of the resolution agreed to by and reported from the committee of the whole; and the same being read, was agreed to as follows: “Resolved, That these United Colonies are. and, of right, ought to be. Free a n d IndeiM»ndent states; that they .are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connexion between them, and the State of Great Britain, Is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. “Agreeable to the order of the day, the congress re solved Itself Into a committee of the whole; the presi dent resumed the chair. Mr. Harrison reiHirted, that the committee have had umler consideration the declaration to them referred; but, not having had time to go through, desired leave to sit again “Resolved, That this Congress will, tomorrow, again resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to take Into their further rnnsldotation the declar ation of Independence.’’ A few minutes later the session ad journed until “9 o'clock to Morrow.” • • • ■ T HIS resolution, agreed to many years ago, had been presented to the Congress for action on the seventh dayof tlie.Iune preceding, almost a month before. It was drawn up and present ed by Richard Henry Lee. pitrsuant to a resolution of the Virginia house burgesses adopted on May 15, the same year. It was seconded, when pre sented to the Congress, by John Adams, on behalf of the Massachusetts delega tion. Consideration, however, was de ferred until the following day, when It was referred to the committee of the whole. Postponed again on the eighth, which was a Saturday, on the tenth of June a committee was appointed “to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution.” That com mittee was composed of Thomas Jeffer son, chairman: John Adams. Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston and Roger Sherman. This committee brought In Its report on June 28. with the first draft of the declaration. It was read and ordered to lie on the table. That was a Friday. The Congress adjourned that day until the following Monday, July 1. • • • T HEN came July 2, with the passage of the resolution presented on the seventh off June by Mr. Lee, but still without agreement on the text of the declaration itself. July 3 saw a sim ilarly fruitless discussion. But on Thursday morning July 4. differences had been smoothed out. The Journal, in Its entry for that day, records: ->■ “Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved Itself into a committee of the whole, to take into their farther consideration, the declar ation. The president resumed the chair. Mr. Harrison reported that the committee of the whole Congress have agreed to a Declaration, which he de livered In. The Declaration being again read, was agreed to.’’ The text of the declaration as agreed to finally was substantially as Jeffer son had prepared it. * • • 'T'HE Declaration received the votes of all the Colonies except New York, whose delegates were not then authorized to commit themselves on the matter. A short time later they were so authorized and also sanctioned it. At the July 4 session, after agree- i ment to the Declaration, the Con gress ordered that if he printed and copies sent to the various Colonial As semblies and to the commanding offi cers of the Conti nental troops and that It he pro claimed “in each of the United States, and at the head of the army.” If was signed the same day hy John Hancock, ns president of the Congress. The other signatures. h o \v- ever, were not In scribed on the orig inal text. That text was copied o n parchment, and on August 2 the for mality of signing took place. Fifty- three signed that day; three signed later in the year. Of the fifty-six sign ers. seven were not members of the Congress on July 4 when the Declara tion was agreed to, and of those who were present on that historic day, seven never signed the document. The Declaration was first proclaimed In public on July 8. when It was rea l hy John Nixon from the platform buil* In Independence Sqmire In 17121. • • • T HE Declaration was not adopted by the Continental Congress until al most fifteen months after tiie War for Independence started with the engage ments at Concord and Lexington. They occurred on April 19. 1775. In fact, seven important battles of that war had been fought before tiie resolution of independence Introduced hy Mr. Lee was agreed to. They were, besides Concord and Lexington, Ticonderoga, on .May 10; Bunker Hill, on June 17; Montreal, on November 13; Quebec, on December 31, nil in 1775, and Fort Moultrie, on June 28, 1770. George Washington had bqen commander-ln- xjdef—though he was termed a general —of the Continental forces since June 15. 1775. At the time of the Declara tion. Washington was In the field and had been for more than a year. On the day it was formally adapted he he was in New York, preparing for what was to be the Battle of Long Islatod. .Despite the deliberate action of the Congress, however, there had beei de mands for a declaration of independ ence months before that July day In 1770. There was the Macklenberg Dec laration, passed on May 20, 1775. And on April 22, 1776, the freeholders of Cumberland county, Virginia, called for similar action by the Virginia con vention Itself, w’hlch met on May 6 and moved for the declaration which Rich ard Henry Lee presented to the Con gress the following month. \ President* end the fourth Data of things that happened on the Fourth of July reveal that one Fresl- den, Calvin Coolldge, was born on the Fourth and three Presidents, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, died on July 4, Adams and jc^Tson dying on the same date In 1826. Independence Day From Washington Star tV'T’HEIS those fleeting flaming glories yy Were displayed across the sky In remembrance of the stories Of brave men in days gone by. Then we thought of deeds of daring And of clear and steadfast minds That had set the country faring Safe through the tempestuous winds. Then we pondered on the toiling Ajid the witches of the night; Of the suffering and despoiling Braved in reverence •/ the right. And each memory we cherish Shall not fade away and die. Shall not he allowed to perish Like a rocket in the sk\. Where Old Glory Was First Flown N June. 1777. a committee hav ing been appointed by con gress to confer with General Washington concerning n de sign for a national Mag. it re ported In favor of one con- 1 taining thirteen 'stripes, al- — ■ ternately red and white, and a blue field adorned with thirteen white stars. This was adopted June 14, and the design was carried to the up holstering shop of Mrs. Ross. No. 239 Arch street. Philadelphia, where tha first national flag was made. The original design required six- pointed stars, hut, upon Mrs. Ross’ sug gestion that five pointed stars would he more symmetri cal. the pattern was changed. This lady w as a f t e r w a r d given the position •if manufacturer of government flags, which occupation upon her death was retained by her chil dren. The claim Is well established, states a writer in the Cleve land Plain Dealer, that a Hag of this design of stars and Stripes was first hoisted at Fort Stan- wix, called Fort Schuyler at the time, near the present city of Rome. N. Y. t on August 3, 1777. It was first under fire three days later In the battle of Oriskany. By act of congress January 13, 1794, the design of the flag was changed so as to Incorporate fifteen stripes and fifteen stars, after the admission of Vermont and Kentucky, and one star was to be added for every subsequent state admitted. This, however, was re pealed in 1818, when the original num ber of stripes was established, the stars continuing to increase as new states were admitted. DISPLAYING THE FLAG npHE flag code states that when A the flag is displayed either hori- zontafiy or vertically against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag's own right, L e., to the observer’s left. Under the heading “Cautions,’’ the code reads: “Do not use the flag as drapery in any form whatever. Use bunting of blue, white and red.” I