Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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tilt Bmntwell^People-Sentinel. Barnwell, ft. C- thursday, v j BRISBANE THIS WEEK 5 '>' Protection ImpoMible The Railroad Croasinga Things Are Better When Russia Is Rich Europe seeks some network of ••treaties” to prevent a war, or bind armies nod alrTteeta of each of those signing such trea ties to protect the .others tn case -of attack. Unfortunately, In the new war of the air, as in secret gangster war, no protection Is pos sible. > ' Where one crim inal has an “auto matic" or ‘‘subma chine gun,” agree ments among law- abiding citizens can not protect them. And while one na tion can secretly build and suddenly launch airships with poison gas and ex plosive bombs, no city can consider It self safe. >» ^ France and England, after elaborate experiments, announce that there Is no possible way of protecting a modern . city against air attacks, even though the city knew In advance when to ex pect them. The only safeguard Is fear of re taliation. Arthur Brisbane Deeply grieved by the killing of many school children at a public cross ing, the President plans extensive elimination of railroad grade crossings. Complete elimination of such crossings would , Involve spending hundreds of millions or billions. The work would be undertaken with careful concentra tion on the fact that railroading Itself Is bound to change or disappear so far as transportation of passengers Is con cerned. Railroads In the future must -carry passengers more than one hundred miles an hour, on light railroad equip ment, able to climb steep grades as easily as automobiles do now. Elimi nation of grade crossing's will take that Into consideration and Include ellmlna tlomof existing sharp curves at cross ings, that the work may not be done twice. Dun k Bradstreet, well .Informed usually, say that a big business rise is coming. Their weekly survey In forms you that before the end of this quarter business progress will have de veloped to a degree beyond the most •anguine estimates offered at the be ginning of the year. ^How rich will the Russians become, with their energetic development of na tional resources, all .over Russia and far Into Arctic regions? And what will be the effect on Com munism, bolshevism and the proletariat when Russia becomes, as she may do, the richest nation on earth, and those that rule her become the world’s rich est men, perhaps the first multiple bil lionaires In history? Expeditions sent Into the Arctic have discovered coal, nickel, zinc, tin, cop per, gold and oil, all Inside t})e Arctic circle. A regular line of freight ships has been established through the north west passage, gigantic Icebreakers go ing ahead of the freighters. Already Russia produces three times as much gold as the United States. What will be the psychological effect on Commu nism when Russia produces more gold >v han any other nation on earth? Gambling In silver, nfade Inevitable by this country pushing up the price, goes on all over the world; poor old China is buying back a't double prices jlilver sold too cheap, and Britain must wish she had been in less of a burry to unload below 30 cents an ounce the hundreds of millions of ounces taken from India, when India, In a foolish moment, was put on the gold basis, only to fall off again. An old true saying tells you: “There Is some good In all evil,” and this ap plies even to the deadly venom of the cobra, or "booded snake of India.” ' A full discharge" of the cobra’s poison -Into the human body means death, while the scientific use of that poison supplies a superior substitute for morphine in diminishing pain. If you love your British cousins, re joice. Neville Chamberlain, chancel lor of the exchequer, says British in come taxes will be cut because British finances show a substantial surplus. That surplus appears In spltq of the fact that Britain ts adding more than fS2,000,000 to the cost of armaments. Yonr satisfaction In this good news may be increased by yonr knowledge that the United States had the pleas ure of financing the surplus and the additional armaroenta to the tune of $5,000,000,000 In war debts not paid. Senator Wheeler of Montana baa In troduced A bill ordering the national government to take over, own and op erate the railroads of the nation be ginning January 1, 1986. There la ne doubt that railroad stock and bond holders would ear, M Ameu, w If they could he eort of getting e fair price fag their property. Railroad manage ment, naturally, would grieve. Te give up power la always unpleasant News Review of Current Events the World Over Germany Enraged by Her Condemnation by League Council—Work Relief Program Going •Forward—. - ~ Compromise Bonus Measure. -• ^ •■i i By EDWARD W. PICKARD 1 ' ®, Western Newspaper Union, G ERMANY was thoroughly : enraged by the action of the League of Na- tTons cijSScfl Ih a<IoptIrisr the tri-poweF resolution condemning the relch for violating- the treaty of Versailles by rearm ing, and It was expect ed Relchsfuerher Hit ler would make a de fiant retort. As a first step he sent from his Bavarian retreat In structions to Secretary of State Von Buelow to protest .‘‘England’s defection at Stress and Geneva.” This Von Buelow did, delivering the message to Ambassador Sir Eric Phipps for transmission to London. The German press was loud In denun ciation of the teagrre tfCtlonnand'XIF' Adolf Hitler mm rp a. Pat Harrison vinov, the Soviet delegate, came In for most of the abuse because he dellv* ered^the chief speech in support of the resolution at the councifsesslon./just recently Germany granted to Russia Ing” Germany, but In Warsaw It was said by officials that Boland was still the friend of the relch. One newspa per there said quite truly that the complaint against Germany was "a formal matter because the discussion could not result In any actual solu tion of the problem, but only bring something like emotional relief." Strange as It may seem, the Jews |ii Germany are warmly supporting Hitler In this controversy. The fol lowing message was sent to him: “The League of National German Jews stands unshaken In its loyalty to the Fatherland, and hopes the govern ment’s defense policy will not be changed on account of the Geneva proceedings.” _ ..— German resentment against Great Britain is especially warm because she feels she was deceived In the recent negotiations. Consequently she thinks Britain’s prestige as a mediator in con tinental affairs is destroyed. *• During the council’s discussion Tew- flk Arras, the Turkish member, arose and stated flatly that if any changes In the existing treaties were made or tolerated, his country would claim th^ right to fortlfy-the Dardanelles In-vio lation of the treaty of Lausanne. He even hinted that the Turks might fol low Hitler’s example and not‘wait for permission. Sir John Simon’s imme diate and sharp reply was: “I feel sure my honorable colleague will not expect me to say any more at this stage than that I must naturally make all reservations regarding It." where mhisture conditions permit, and “listing" operations. This latter work is an attempt to prevent soli blowing away, by making alternate ridges and furrows. LavaT of France and Baron Alois! of Italy supported Simon In his rebuke of the Turkish revisionism. Laval carried back to Paris a draft of the mutual assistance pact with Russia for submission to the French cabinet. Litvinov was still insistent that the two countries should enter Into a real military alliance, and It may be that he will carry his point. In the opinion of many observers such a treaty would be declared Invalid by the League of Nations. W HEN the administration’s great work relief program gets under way one of the most important parts of It, the purchase of material supplies, will have to be started .«■ » at once, a - 1 It Is ex pected that this will absorb about $1,700, 000.000 of the total' sum. According to au thoritative sources in Washington,, this part of the program will be supervised by Rear Admiral Christian J. Peoples, now procure ment olficer In -the treasury. Peoples en tered the uavy supply corps in 1000 as assistant paymaster •nd later developed the navy’s present purchasing system. D. Roosevelt was assistant secretary of the navy he ‘ and Peoples became close friends. — - — - - The admiral presumably -will have full charge of drafting the regulations for material purchases but It Is un derstood the actual buying of supplies for work relief projects will In most instances be handled by the states and other co-operating agencies. However, certain commodities, like cement, that will he needed in immense quantities, probably will be purchased centrally. Admiral Peoples TUST as soon as the President says ^ the word, the federat bureau of public roads and the various state highway departments are ready to jump into the work of grade crossing elimination, the building tff arterial highways and similar projects. The work relief act-earmarks $800,000,000 for sneb undertakings, and the sum may be Increased by the President to a billion. The roads bureau already has $100,000,000 of grade crossing elim inations and other projects contracted for under authority granted by con gress last year, officials revealed, and these contracts art to be met with work-relief money. v ^ , Arthur W. Brandt, president of the American Association of State High way Officials, advised a congressional committee recently that states were pmrare<r ro Wipe nut "4,058 dangerous crossings If as much as $401,881,500 was made available. ' - 1 g EVEN agencies of the governi rnment are organizing to combat the'dam- age done by the constantly recurring dust storms. They are the AAA, farm credit administration, emergency relief administration, soli erosion service, bureau of plant Industry and bureau of agricultural engineering. The efforts, offices said, will in clude shipping feed, food and water Into the stricken areas of Texas, Okla homa, New Mexico, Kansas and Colo rado, startibg. work relief projects on roads, private lands and the public do main, planting of fast-growing and hardy crops as ground-coyer In areas ROOSEVELT called "Senator Pat HaFrison of Mississippi to the White House for a conference concerning the veterans’ bonus bill, which already has passed the house. Har rison Is chairman of the senate finance committee and the ad ministration looked to him to devise a way to spike the measure which is so objection able to the President In Its present “green back” form. Other majority leaders In congress also were busy with the problem, and the result was the Introduction in congress of a compromise bill which It was believed the President would accept If It were passed. This measure would make bonus cer tificates „miMure In 1938, Instead of 194"). They could be converted imme diately into 3 per cent bonds. Vet erans who wanted cash right away could sell the bonds, losing only the interest they otherwise could obtain until 1938. Harrison said this would cost $-")00.000,000 more than the pres ent bonus law, but far less than the Patman bill, passed by the house, to pay the bonus with $2,500,000,000 in new money. Milo Warner, vhee commander of the American Legion, said this bill was “absolutely not acceptable” to that or ganization. Heads of veterans’ organ izations and various others were in- vited to testify at K INO BORIS of Bulgaria has foiled another attempt to force fiini from his precarious throne. Upon discovery of an alleged Fascist plot, he ordered that three prominent politieal leaders be arrested aqd held in Jail Their friends'sought tp free them by storm ing the jail but were repulsed. Those seized are Alexander Zmihoff, leader of the Democratic entente; Kozma Geor-y' gleff, head of the Macedonian party, and M. Natcheff, former police presi-- dent of Sofia. JOHN R. McCARL, the able, efficient *“* and Independent comptroller gen eral of the United States, has annoyed the New p^alers on several occasions. Now he threatens to lock the plana of the.. . AAA for lifting the re striction^ on spring w^ieat planting and at the same time contin uing to pay the farm ers for crop reductions that would not be called - for. Declaring they wished to avoid shortages due to the i d du8t storms, the offl- J. R. McCarl dal8 of the AAA 8ald the farmers would be paid for the abandoned reductions In acreage If they would promise to curtail their plantings next year. Mr. McCarh aske for further Information ou this matter and indicated he could not approve of the plan,-though AAA men declared he had not ruled definitely against it. Chester C. Davis, AAA administrator, might not be content to abide by such a ruling if It were made, and the ad ministration might refuse to accept it Mr. McCarl, a Republican, holds his office under a law which specifies that the comptroller-general shall be ap pointed to a 15-year term and can be removed only by death or Impeach ment Nevertheless Attorney General Cummings, It is understood, gave It as his opinion that, like any other Presidential appointee, he could be removed at the pleasure of the Presi dent. He based this opinion on a rul ing of the Supreme court In the case of a postmaster who was ousted by President Coolldge, the court holding that the President was within his rights under Article 2 &f the Consti tution. So it may be the New Dealers will seek to have Mr. McCarl ousted before his term expires in 1936, It is interesting to read that the Ne braska Progressive league, made tip of liberal Republicans, is planning the organization of “McCarl for President” clubs in that state and afterward in all others. George W. Kline, its chair man, says he was asked to support McCarl for President In 1936 by friends of Senator George W. Norris. The comptroller general Is a graduate of the University of Nebraska law school and for years was Mr. Norris’ secre tary. on the bill. CENATOR HUEY LONG called to- ^ getlier his complaisant legislature in Baton Rouge and ordered It to pass some new laws that would gip#- him complete control of city finances, elections and expenditures of federal relief funds. Secretary Ifkes went right up In the air and announced that UL the* law’s were enacted Louisiana would get none of the public works money; whereupon the Kingfish told .him he could go to the nether regions, since the PWA money had' alreadv been ‘deposited to the account of the New Orleans sewer and water board. “The state court very properly rec ognizes our men as that board now, so how is Ickes going to get his -money back?” Long asked. “When he starts that, we’ll show him what- a smart man he ain’t. If Ickes and the*bal ance of the brain trust cabinet hold their breaths until we send for them, there’ll be several corpses and the country will be better off." ^^VER In Turkey the women, until recently, were forced to .lead lives cf seclusion In the harem' and to go veiled when in public. But all that Is changed. The other day the twelfth congress of the International Alliance When FrankUn |-©f Women -for Suffrage and Equai GRi- zenship opened 4h Istanbul with about thirty natioDS represented and Mrs. GofbeH in thg chair. 4-not-Intimidating and will - not intim- and the women of Turkey, unveiled and In modish European ggrb, were the p^oud hostesses of the hundreds of delegates. Among the questions dis cussed were: The situation and rights of women; the position of women in the liberal professions; the political and civil rights of women; the means women can use to prevent war. Under Kemal’s rule the women of the republic of Turkey have been granted parliamentary and city votes and have entefied enthusiastically into all branches of life, civic, professional. In dustrial and sorting. W ITHOUT any effort to break speed records, CapL Edward A. Muslck and five companions landed the big Pan-American Airway clipper ship Pioneer in Hawaii 18 hours and 31 .minutes after they took off from Ala meda* Calif. This was the first explora tory (tight for a service that will soon be extended clear acjwsk the Pacific to Canton, the proposed Intermediate stops being Hawaii,. Midway Islands, Waka' islands, Guam add the Philip pines^. The operating bases art now In process of construction. A LLEGED teaching of Communism in some of our universities and the adoption of that cult by a large number of half-baked young men and women in 'those tnstftiitfons has long been debated and denounced by pa triotic citizens. Student strikes and small riots have been frequent, and there have been many demands for the suppression of these reds and pinks. The latest big institution of learning to be brought Into the lime light in this matter is the University of Chicago, whose faculty contains several decidedly radical instructors and Its student body many youthful followers of Marx and Lenin. Because of charges made by a prominent drug store magnate the Illinois senate has Just adopted a resolution calling for a “thorough and complete investigation” by a senatorial committee of five to determine whether any foundation ex ists for chafges that “subversive Com munistic teachings” are going on in ‘‘wholly or partly tax-exempt colleges and universities of this state." e 0 i National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart National freaa Building Washington, D. C. - \ , Washington.—The true purpose of the investigation by, the senate muni- - . tlons committee ap- Light on pears to have come Nye inquiry hKht. It Is seek ing the honor of a historical standing as the group of men wjio first moved to remove the Incentive of profit as provocative of war. In presenting its proposal to this end, however, the committee Is regard ed as having “started something” which it is unlikely can- be finished by the group of Individual senators making up that committee. When the Investigating resolution was adopted by the senate. Its spon sors made much fuss about conditions in the munitions Industry. There were m^ny speeches made by Senator Nye Rep., N. v D.) concerning the wicked ness of munitions manufacturers, and in the course of those speeches, which were made in a score of different com munities, Senator Nye announced„.con- clusions which apparently have not been supported by evidence adduced by the committee investigators. Fur ther, the senator announced plans to disclose alleged corruption among the munitions manufacturers and stated .definitely that the purpose of the tn- S IR OSWALD MOSLEY, chief of the British Fascists, has committed his organization to a policy of antl-semit- ism fully as severe 1 as that of the Hit ler Nazis. At a riot ous meeting of bis Black Shirts in Leicesr ter, Mosley said; “For the first time I openly and publicly chal lenge Jewish Interests In this country. Com manding commerce, commanding the press, commanding the cin ema, dominating the city of London, they 01 ^ are - killing—industry fill* with their sweat- Mosley shops. These great Interests are (date the Fascist movement of the modern age.” Leaders of more than 2Qft of Chi cago’s 300 Jewish organizations as sembled to indorse the campaign of the American Jewish congress for con solidation of all organized Jewish ac tion. The chief speaker was the fa mous Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, national president and founder of the congress. In the course of his address he said: "1 want the day to come when no Jew shall live In Germany—-not one. I want the day to come—although I shall'not live to see it—when the Jew will be a regretted memory In Ger many, just as* their presence was a blessing and so ennoblement in every ^ense." R obert gord»n#switz of New Jersey and bis wife, who bad been io Jail in France for about 16 mqntbs on chargee of espionage, were finally tried and found guilty, but were set free by the court because they bad turned states evidence and helped io .the apprehension of their accomplices. TWenty-two others were convicted and given prison terms of varying length. qulry was to provide the basis for laws which would control them. Now, after seven months, we look back on the committee’s record and find that It has played a game of hop-sklp-and-Jump from one subject to another and, I believe; the consensus Is that little of real value either to the senate or as public information has been developed. Since there was the minimum of pub licity resulting from the Inquiry into munitions plants, shipbuilding yards and the aircraft industry, the commit tee has taken another tack. Seizing upon President Roosevelt’s phrase that profits must be taken out of war, Sen ator Nye and his colleagues turned their so-called “experts” loose on the track of thojse Illusive profits. The re sult Is a piece of proposed legislation that goes beyond anything ever offered before In the way of -tax legislation. Of course, it Is entirely likely that nothing at all will come of the Nye bill insofar as Improvement of our tax ation methods is concerned. But Its radical and altogether unworkable character Is looked upon as necessi tating a frank examination of Its pro visions. Because the committee started out to Investigate the munitions industry and notwithstanding the fact that since It has wandered all* over thi surface of the gbrth with Its Inquiry there Is a widespread belief that its tax bill will apply only to the munitions Industry during war time. Such Is not the case. It goes far beyond the mnnltions in- dustry and, Indeed, it affects every corporation and every individual with an income of $1,000 or more.^ • * * Probably the Flynn-Nye tax proposal won’t get anywhere at all. Certainly It will not be enacted Flynn-Nye in this session of con- 7ax BUI gress. Nevertheless, ifchen a senate com mittee seriously Introduces a bill that would limit Income of a corporation to 3 per cent of Its peace-time capi talization—the government would take the rest by taxation—It is regarded by many as time to call a halt. It ought to be added here that obviously the country-W faced with the highest taxes It has /ver known in consequence of the tremendous spending that has been going on during the last two years and which Is to be cSntlnued. Those taxes are due to come along within another year or two. I referred above to the 3 per- cent limit on incomes of corporations. This is brought about through a tax of 50 per cent on f the first 6 per cent of earnings of every corporation. Above the 6 per cent earnings, it is proposed in the Flynn-Nye bill to take 100 per cent of the total. Tucked away In one section of the bill Is language that is ordinarily re ferred to as a ’’joker." It represents the first attempt by congress, rather by the sponsors of this legislation, to circumvent exemption of government securities from taxation. The federal, state, municipal, county and other gov ernmental jurisdictions have the power to issue bonds and other securities free from taxation. This makes such securities attractive. For quite a while there has beeu agitation to do away with this tax exemption privi lege. Nobody has found a way;' how ever, to get legislative bodies to enact the necessary provisions into law. So, we havfy|K>mething like fifty billions of dollars-in securities of this type out standing. If this Income were taxable, of course, It would represent a con siderable Increase in revenue to the federa) government through income levies. Thus It is stated the Flynn-Nye proposal is attempting to reach that in come without actually violating the contract which the issuing government made with the buyers of those securi ties. • • • The effort to tax Income from these securities has been worked out in a L - -i fashion that is better How It illustrated than de- Woald Work flned * Assume that a corporation had in vested s large portion of Its surplus or reserves in tax-exempt bonds. Tho bill proposes first to limit the amount of income which that corporation may receive and to tax half of the re mainder. The result is that Income from tax-exempt securities would bo mtngtea with otht and the - government would,dip its hand Into the total and take whatever amount the law prescribed. Another provision of the bill would result in government confiscation^, wartime of every dollar of income that any official of pny corporation, comA pany or partnership received 1» excess of $10,000 per year. It Is to be vre- membered here that the above-men tioned $10,000 would not be tax-ex empt. Those drawing such salaries stilk would have to pay the government $2,800 In taxes on the $10,000 Income. In other words, since nearly every ons receiving salaries of this size serves In an official capacity with some com mercial unit, the tax provision actually reaches nearly all of the individual In come tax payers. Certainly, the drastic rates affect all persons receiving any Income of con* sequence because there is a sharp re duction In the personal exemption pre scribed and the tax rates ^themselves are boosted higher than a kite. Fof Instance, a married man with an In- come of $3,000 a year would have to pay a minimum-of $300 to the govern ment Immediately war was declared. * • « The lethargy that continues among national Republican leaders Is begin ning to grow irksoms Criticize upon minor wheel- Leadert horses and Individual Republicans of lesser consequence In national affairs. Word Is coming through to Washington from various sections of the country indi cating considerable dissatisfaction with the management of Republican party affairs by the present regime, headed by Henry P. Fletcher; national chair man. There Is- likewise a growing vol ume of critlcisnf of the work of Sena tor Hastings of Delaware, and Repre sentative Bolton of OhlQ, joint chair men of the Republlcan-senatorial-con- gressional committee. Superficially, at least. It appears that the Republican pot Is about to boil over. I don’t believe anybody can forecast at this time what the result is going to be. It should be said tn favor of Mr. Fletcher and Co-Chairmen Hast ings and Bolton that they are in » tough spot.^rtiey are criticized If they do and criticized If they don’t. Yet thw fact remains and I think It is recog nized everywhere that none of these three has taken a positive, position nor has he Initiated any constructive effort In behalf of his party’s political fu ture.' ' * £ : From among Republicans who yet remain in congress, I have picked ui> much private discussion indicating fear on their part that the Republican party management is faced with am upheaval equivalent to the Roosevelt New Deal among the Democrats unless the party leaders awaken from their unperturbed sleep. The point madw most frequently is that President Roosevelt actually has Inaugurated hl» campaign for re-election, and the Re publicans are doing absolutely noth ing about it. It is well to recall that Postmaster General Farley is planning to retire--just when nobody knows— to devote his attention to his qther Job wi}lcb Is chairman of the Demo cratic national committee. This Infor mation can be construed in only on» way now that Mr. Fletcher is getting ready to take his seat' again at the helm of the campaign machine. Some of the smarter Republicans insist that this should be notice to the guiding lights of their own party to begin con struction of political trenches. Something may some of the Repub lican sectional meetings now being planned. It is just possible that out of these, group discussions may be evolved some national program, or the makings of a national policy. It le likewise possible that from these group discussions some Individual may arise who would be a worthwhile leader for the party against Mr. Rbosevlfft next year. To date, according to all of the information I can obtain, that leader is not in sight. Senator Arthur Vai^ - deuberg of Michigan, who was re elected to the senate last year In the midst of a' Democratic landslide, has been suggested. On the other hand, wise politicians tell me that because Senator Yandenberg has been men tioned thus early, be is likely to be out of the running when the conven tion time comes because in politics Ik is the early bird who catches the curse Instead of the worm. But to forget the weaknesses of the Republicans in leadership does not cause one to forget the palpable fail- are made by those in charge at pres ent So far as the public record show* they have taken no advantage what soever of vulnerable spots in the New Deal armor. No-administration baa been or can be perfect President Roosevelt does not claim that his New Deal is perfect He has gdne so far as-to.admit failure* la certain of hlw countless experiments. It is potslblo that the Republican organization ha* made note of these failures but It cat* be stated as a fact that they have made very little use of them by way. of political attack. A. 'WmWra N»wts*»*r Data*. I C -'BUS! 41 •1, - i ■ .