Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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‘tjfVT? The Bern well People-Sentinel, Bernwelir S. C« Thursday, April 18,1935 H . V BRISBANE , THIS WEEK Wei? Who Know*? Strange Hanging How Old It Graft? What Are Life and Death? . Lloyd George say* there will be no war "thla time," but gome in Eqrope do not agree. Mus solini wants France and England to join ‘him In an agree : TO any outbreak affect ing them. France Is said to have moved troops for defense to the German frontier, al though It Is hard to guess what those troops could do. If Germany declared war It would be with planes drop ping explosives and poison gas on Paris. No nation at war will sit In trenches for four or five, years, now that flying Is real. Britain, going a long way around, wisely, sends a suave statesman. Cap tain Eden, to Moscow to see Stalin of Russia. The talk, not published, may have been like this: If England agrees to help you fight Japan, will you help against Germany, in case of need? News Review of Current Events the World Over w h, x Nye's Committee Offers Drastic War-Profit Bill—Austria Decides to Enlarge Its Army—Progress of European Peace Negotiations. v- By EDWARD W. PICKARD C, Weftcrn Newspaper Union. ▲rthnr Brlahane Senator Nye ’ A British naval officer cut the throat of a shipmate. In England they hang S ou for that. When hanging time came, Irs. Violet Vanderelst, prosperous widow, opposed to the death penalty, hired two planes to fly back and forth above the gallows, trailing banners reading, “Stop the death sentence. M While airplanes flew overhead, trucks drove back and forth before the Jail, with loud speakers bellowing •‘Abide With Me." The man that “killed his comrade sleeping,” or however he did It, did not “abide." He went through the trap. Tne British believe In discouraging feiurder, and prompt punishment seems to do It Graft and dishonesty are old, as old as human need and cunning. A papy rus written 1,200 yeart-before Christ tells of three men tried for robbing a royal tomb. Egyptian kings were de scended from the gods; to rob their tombs was sacrilege, the punishment death. A dishonest Jeweler, putting base metal In a supposedly “pure gold” crown for King Hlero, was exposed by the great Archimedes, who thought out a method In his bath, and started the word “eureka" down through the ages. S ENATOR GERALD P. NYft’S muni tions committee, which has spent »ven months Investigating the'doings of the manufacturers of arms and armament, reported to the senate Its meas ure designed to take the profits out of war and provide for the conscription of In dustry in the event of another armed con flict Involving the United States. The bill Is decidedly dras tic, giving to the President in war time powers thaj « re P**®? tlcally dictatorial, permitting him nut only to fix prices Titit' also to license all industry and control raw mate rials. It also has taxation features that will arouse considerable opposi tion. It would raise Individual Income taxes to 6 per cent In wartime, levy surtaxes up to 04 per cent on Incomes In excess of $10,000, and seize profits of corporations in excess of 6 per cent return on Invested capital. The Nye bill gives the President I very broad powers to fix prices of commodities, to license Industry, to.en join profiteering and to prevent the I hoarding of goods. It provides for the drafting of Industrial leaders, who would be permitted to remain with their companies, subject jto military law and given rank and compensation not exceeding that of a brigadier gen eral. Meanwhile the house TWlitary affairs committee reported the McSwaln bill, similar to the senate measure but without the tax features. This lack made the more radical members angry but when they tried to amend the bill they were routed, 258 to 71. The Nye senate committee, after re porting its bill, continued Its Inquiry. It heard a rather sensational bit of evidence to the effect that Roger S. McGrath, an Insurance company agent who was described ^as *-friend of the President’s son James, had sought suc cessfully to obtain two naval building contracts for the Bath Iron Works up in Maine. Michael Angelo, building St. Peter’s •t Rome, complained To the pope of the materials furnished by contrac tors, reminding his holiness that he, Michael Angelo, would make no profit from. St. Peter’s except “benefit to my soul," and urged the pope to punish the grafters. There Is even graft now In this modern, enlightened republic. F OLLOWING the example set by Hitler, Austria has decided to dis regard the limitations on Its military strength set by the treaty of St. Ger main and to Increase its armed forces Immediately. The official communique Issued by Chancellor Kurt Schuscbnlgg did not say how big the army would be or whether conscription would be restored. The annual spring parade of the army at the Rlngstrasse in Vienna was revived, and the troops appeared in fine new uniforms. It is believed Hungary and Bulgaria soon will ask permission to Increase their armies and re-introduce con scription. A-—♦ % What is life? What is death? What are we? . An English gentleman “dies"; doc tors pronounce him dead. He returns to life, says he has been in heaven, tells what he saw—a dull account* clothing the same as we wear here. How far, how fast, did his spirit travel wjille he was “dead"? What does the soul do while the body Is supposedly dead? DoesMt go S'ray and come back, or Just wait around Inside the body? What Is death? Some say It Is only a “belief,’’ and there is no such thing. In New York’s American Museum of Natural History Is shown a drawing of the largest land mammal that ever S OVIET Russia Is ready to line up with Great Britain, France and Italy in promoting the general Euro pean security pact which Is -the basis of England’s plan for peace. This was brought out the visit to Moscow of Capt. Anthony Eden. British lord privy seal, and his confer ences with Dictator Josef Stalin and Max im Litvinov, Soviet foreign corpmlssar. Ac cording to the Joint communique given the press, these states men "were of the opinion that in the present international situation it Is Hitler will prefer other fields of ng gresslon, and an Intensified revision of the map . of Europe will be started not in the east but In the west," the behest of Governor Horner and the federal administration, passed a state recovery act the New Dealers hailed this as an example that all states should follow. Now County Judge Homer W. Hall at Bloomington has held that the act is unconstltutlon : al. He also declared the national auto mobile code Inoperative aa applied to Illinois. % , x, : Under the state recovery act, the Judge remarked, an unlawful delega tion of the authority of the state leg islature has brought about a situa tion whereby violations of the state act^gan be prosecuted ‘ by the state only through the sanction and by the authority of the federal director of codes. e National Topics Interpreted v by William Bruckart National Press Building V Washington, D. C. Washington. — President Roosevelt has submitted to congress a list of thi legislation he Lay» Out Work deems neces- for CongreM *ary to have DREMIER MUSSOLINI Is highly L skeptical of the success of efforts to persuade Germany to enter Into gen eral peace plans for Europe. In his newspaper, Popolo d’Jtalla, appeared an editorial, probably written by 11 duce himself, warning his fellow countrymen that no miraculous results 'T'HROUGH the efforts of Donald- Rlchberg, chairman of the NIRB, an agreement was reached by the bituminous coal operators and^the United Mine Workers, whereby the prevailing -coal code Is extended to June 16 and a threatened strike of about half -a million miners averted. The present wages and hours of work are continued. President Lewis of the miners Insisted the union had not may be expected from the conference of foreign ministers in Stress. It as-[ yielded to the operators; but the fact serted That the western European pow ers “must stabilize their line of com mon action against several eventuali ties which can be foreseen, and they must take definite responsibility." It then charged that the French and British are impeding Mussolini’s wish to take action against Hitler* because of their preoccupation about their own Internal policy. Premier Flandin and Foreign Min ister Laval of France were reported to have devised a vast, new, flexible plan to organize the peace of the continent within the framework of the League of Nations. DOLAND appears to have decided to play a lone hand in the European embroglio, though she remains friend ly to Germany. It is reported that Captain Eden’s visit to Warsaw was as disappointing as - was that of Sir John Simon to Berlin. The Polish government is determined to sign no pact that would commit the nation to fight for Russia against Germany-or for Germany against Russia and France, nor will it permit either Ger man or Russian troops to be trans ported across Poland. The Polish statesmen say they will sign a series of bilateral pacts, and will go as far as any other nation In parallel disar mament. They assert that they have no alliance with Germany, though their mutual troubles have been settled for the next ten years, and that the alli ance with France still holds good. remained that If It had not consented to The agreement Mr. Rlchberg could and would have extended the code by Ing companies, Increasing the'loaning the present session adjourns. He has divided It Into* two categories—“must" and desirable. If congress enacts only the list of “must” legislation and passes over the other group of bills which the President considers desir able, it is made to appear that the membership of the house and senate is due ,to suffer some of the' torrid temperature and the uncomfortable humidity of a Washington summer. The President said he must have legis lation extending the National Recovery administration, providing social se curity, eliminating public utility hold- executive order. C CORES of agents of the Department ^ of Justice’s division of investigation were carrying on a concentrated seanAi for three men nnw listed as the worst “public enemies" at large, according to Chief J. Edgar Hoover. The three are: Alvin Karpls, twenty-five, a lead er In the notorious Barker-Karpls kid nap and bank robbery gang; Raymond Hamilton, twenty-two, killer who broke Jail while awaiting execution, and Thomas H. Robinson, Jr., twenty- eight, kidnaper -t)f Mrs. Alice Speed Stoll, wealthy young society matron of Louisville, Ky. /’'kNE of America’s leading sculptors, Augustus Luketnan, illed in New York at the age of sixty-four ^ars. After Borglum was ousted by the Con federate memorial committee in 1925, Lukeman took over the work of carv ing the huge memorial on the face of Stone mountain in Georgia, completing It In 1928. He was chief of sculptors at the World’s fair In Chicago. M. Litvinov lived, named Baluchlterl jm. This more than ever necessary to pursue the huge animal, which vanished from earth 25,000,000 years ago, stood 17 feet 9 Inches high at the shoulder, was as big as two big elephants, weighed 20,000 pounds or more. It was not as big as a dinosaur, but the dinosaur laid eggs and was no mammal. A food problem might be solved If the “big gest mammal" could be brought back and raised by cattlemen. It ate 500 pounds of food a day; that must be considered. In America It might be necessary to drown the mammal Balu- chiterlum, with her unborn babies. Sir John Simon, returning from an unsatisfactory talk with Hitler, report* “certain divergencies" of opinion. That la going pretty far for a British states, man. There la a bigger fly than that in the ointment; Sir John learns from Hitler that Germany “already has a larger air force than that of Great Britain.” Britain thought Germany bad only half aa many planes. A wise statesman gets his fighting airplanes ready before he starts to fight 3 In France three persona “sterilized" at their own request by *> mysterious Austrian doctor" because they did not want to have children have been ar rested. - France, striving for more population, believes that “sterilisation" can ba overdone. The mysterious Austrian performed IB operations on men and woi Seva disappearing. *Ntae endeavor to promote the building up of a system of collective security In Eu rope as contemplated In the Anglo- French communique of the third of February, and In conformity with the principles of the League of Nations." It was made clear that Germany and Poland wofiid be wetconre to enter the arrangement, but that It would go ahead even without them. Captain Eden then went on to War saw to talk things^over with the Poles; and even as he was departing “from Moscow the Soviet press launched an other fierce attack on Germany. Michael Tukhachevsky, vice commissar for defense, in an article In the news paper Pravda, declared Germany would have an army of 849,000 by the sum mer, exceeding the French army by 40 per cent and almost equaling the Soviet army in size. He charged Hitler \wlth “lulling France to sleef>"‘ with anH^Soviet war talk in the hope France >ould not realize her own perIL Tukhachevaky’s view that Germany contemplarefivdtacking France was supported by an authorlzed artlcle lu the weekly Journal de Moscou which asserted the leaders . of the relch real ized “the exceptional risk to which Ger many would subject herself by invasion of the tremendons territories of the U. S. 8. R.—a country possessing powerful armaments and unlimited opportunities for improving and Increasing these arauUMhts.” "It is slmoet probable," the Journal said, "that under certain circumstances PROM Tokyo there came a state ment Indicating that Japan would give at least moral support to the European powers that are seeking agreements to coun teract Hitler’s move for the re-armament of Germany. It was given out by Eiji Amau, the frequently quoted spokesman for the foreign office He said Japan will hold aloof from the Euro peau crisis and that there would be no far eastern Locarno pact, but that “w t e cannot think of any alliance with Germany." Tokyo, asserted Amau, is ready to dis cuss with Russia some degree of de militarization of the eastern frontiers. Eiji Amau pOREIGN nations that discriminate 1 against American 'imports have been warned by President Roosevelt that they must discontinue that prac tice under penalty of economic re prisals by the United States. In a let ter to Secretary of the Treasury Mor- genthau the President outlined his for eign trade policy and disclosed the fact that the administration is considering denouncing existing trade pacts with Germany, Italy, Portugal and Denmark because of ’discrimination. He pro claimed the new Belglan-Amerfcan reciprocal trade agreement, and also decreed that, pending the conclusion of negotiations for new pacts now In progress, the reduced duties and other concessions granted Belgium will be O BEYING alleged directions from the yacht on which President Roosevelt was fishing In Florida wa ters, the majority in the house refused to accept the restrictions Injected In the work relief bill and sent it back to conference to have these removed. The restrictions objectionable to the administration were those requiring senate confirmation of administrative officers of the program and that In loans and grants to states at least one- third of the money should be expended for direct labor. The latter require ment, according to Secretary Ickes and others, would result In the exclusion of rural electrification, slum clearance and similar projects. Defending the move to send the bill back to conference, Buchanan of Geor gia said: "The President Is assuming responsibility. All we ask Is to give him a bill that he can work on In shift ing from dole tft employment." In replying to Buchanan, Represent ative Robert Bacon (Rep., N. Y.) con tended that the labor provision was needed In ortjer to “kick out pet local projects" and afford as much direct relief of unemployment as possible. “Congress has reached a pretty low ebb,” declared Minority Leader Ber trand Snell (Rep., N. Y.), “when It can’t even pass on a conference report without receiving. orders from the Chief Executive.’.’ — ‘v. C'OR the second time the United * States Supreme court reversed the convictions and xleath sentences of two of the Scottsboro negroes who were ac cused of assault on two white girls. The court held that since negroes In Alabama are not permitted to serve on juries; they are denied “equal pro tection of the laws" In violation of the Fourteenth amendment It declared the state court erred In not quashing the Indictments. This was a big victory for tfie col- extended to Canada. Spain, The Neth- ored race, but in another decision by erlands. Switzerland and Lichtenstein the Supreme court the negroes were for six months. the losers. The tribunal ruled that the Democratic party In Texas Is a voluntary association, not subject to control by the state leglilature, and as aoch may exclnde colored persons voting In Its primaries. r\EBATE on the Copeland-Tugwell L-' fooidr drug, cosmetic and adver tising hill was lively In the senate, and the opposition was led by a Democrat, Joslah W. Bailey of North jCarolina, who urged the retention of the present food and drug law with such amend ments as changed conditions require. “I understand the Department of Ag riculture was created to foster agri culture and not to govern advertising," Senator Bailey said. “It Is Inconceiv able to me that it should take charge of medicine, cosmetics, and advertis ing. There might be an argument that the department has made such great triumphs In agriculture that It Is seek ing new worlds to conquer. But I be lieve that If some one sljpuld make that boast. I should agree that It had ex ceeded Samson In the slaughter of pigs, but had fallen far short of doing as good work In the matter of cotton as has the bqjl weevIL" , S TANLEY REED, the new solicitor general, obtained from the Supreme court permission to dismiss the govern ment’s appeal In the Belcher lumber code case. Therefore there probably will be no decision as to the constitu tionality of the national Industrial re covery act by the chief tribunal before congress takes action on the bill te at tend the recovery law. jTV IRECT negotiations with Italy Ls over the border dispute were broken off by the Ethiopian government, which sent a new note to the League of Nations. Special measures were taken to protect foreigners In Addis Ababa. The Italian government did not take this rupture seriously, still hoping a peaceful arrangement might be reached without the intervention of the league. N heads for opposing Henry’s marriage te Anne Boleyn. INETEEN cardinals met with Pope Pins In a secret consis tory, and to them he delivered an em phatic 'denunciation of war, which, he said, “would be so enormous a crime, so foolish • manifestation of fnry, we believe^ It absolutely Impossible." If, however, there Is someone who wishes to commit “this ndfarlous crime,” then, the holy father said, be' could do noth ing else than pray to God to "destroy those people who desire war." The consistory approved the canon isation of Blessed Thomas More, King Henry YHI’s chancellor, and ^Bishop ^ John Fisher of England, who lost their' stbewfore, in which Mr. Roosevelt mast power of the Home Owners Loan corpor ation,extension of the so-called nuisance taxes which expire 'by limitation of law on June 30, and revision of the banking laws. In addition, the President made known .That he would like to have en acted legislation to take the profits out of war, whatever that may mean. He previously had sent a message asking enSctment of a law providing for expansion of the American merchant marine through thh use of ship sub sidies. and he also desires to have, en acted legistatlon setting up machinery for the settlement of labor disputes. This legislation Is Id the congressional hopper in the form of a bill by Senator Wagner, of New Yojk. - ‘ The President would like To have amendments to the agricultural ad justment act in order to eliminate some of the weaknesses which the AAA peo ple admit exist. The airmail contract situation is another matter with which Mr. Roosevelt has been concerned. Seasoned .observers recognize that this list of “must" legislation, not to mention the desired legislation, Is suf ficient to keep coftgresa grinding away far Into the summer. They recognize likewise that If the desired legislation later becomes of such concern that the President wants to place it on the pre ferred list as well, the membership of congress must be prepared to forego summer trips of any kind. Since a good many members of congress have grown tired of being called rubber stamps refs or f or t he administra- Their ^Own tion, they naturally have rurhed atten tion to legislation which they think will be helpful to their own bailiwicks; to themselves personally or frour a party standpoint. Thus there have been promoted numerous pieces of legisla tion- for which some Individuals, at least, entertain greater fervor than they do for measures that were drafted by President Roosevelt’s official family and transmitted to congress us ad ministration legislation. It Is the general observation that aq In dividual, representative, or senator frequently will go much further in fighting for legislation that is his own brain child than for legislation placed before him on a silver platter suctr as administration proposals have been. Consequently, individual or group measures are constantly clut tering up bouse and senate legislative calendars. This Is a factor meaning delay for administration bills. It Is to be remembered, as has been reported In these columns, that Mr. Roosevelt is unable to ward off'critl- cfem of some of his proposals. In-* deed, there have been Democratic criti cisms and Democratic opposition to a greater or lesser degree to all of the legislation he has proposed since con gress convened last January AIL of which is by way of saying that con gress faces weeks of committee worjt and floor debate despite the fact that the house Democratic leaders still re tain rather solid control of a sufficient majority- In the lower house of con gress to drive through any pet meas ures for the administration. In the senate the situation Is decidedly dif ferent tered by Individual members is the bltt' that would permit cabinet officers to appear on the floors of congress for questioning and explanation, such as dCcurs under the British and French parliamentary systems. The adminis tration does not want this bill. It will have to exert some pressure to avoid passage. The reason Is that the Roose velt administration Is no Jonger one in which the cabinet Is dominant. Cab Inet officers are only part of the scheme, and'If congress wanted to In quire shop the handling of relief money, which It probably will desire. It must talk with Administrator Hopkins. Mr. Hopkins Is not In the cabinet. The same Is true of NR A and to some extent to'The AAA, although Secretary* Wallace of the-Department of Agricnl- ture theoretically Is a superior officer to Administrator Da via The ad ministrator Is definitely opposed ro the passage of bonns legislation for the former soldiers, sailors and marines and It looks like a Presidential veto will be necessary there. The same Is true of Inflationary proposals of which there are many. The altuatlon Is one. be constantly on hla guard To -prevent action which he does not want aa well aa being fortified at all times with va pressure to put through the legislation he has described as necessary. Thus it is seen he is confronted with many complications which did not disturb him in tlje first two sessions of New DeaL congresses and these co m plica- tlons mean a longer life for the cur rent session. • • • • Let us examine the status of the legislation which the President said must be passed. The Some “Muet” outlook Is something Leginlation Hke this: The extension of the National Recovery administration is still far off. Senate hearings are_ just ended and the house Is still fur ther behind. No action can be expect ed In either body for several weeks. The present law expires June 16. Recently Mr. Roosevelt;pent tb con gress a very bitter message denounc ing public utility holding companies and demanding legislation eliminating them from our economic structure. The house committee.,considering this legis lation Is just winding up Us hearings and the senate committee which will have Jurisdiction has taken no action at all It must be said that a hard fight Is In prospect If and when this legislation reaches the stage of de bate because investors In these com panies are not going to have their equi ties destroyed while they sit Idly by. These Investors are doing more now than just making faces at congress and the volume of letters which members are receiving In opposition to the hold ing companies legislation transcends anything that ever has happened In the memory of this correspondent. The banking legislation which Mr. Roosevelt has proposed, or which waa proposed for him by Governor Eccles, the New Deal and radical governor of the federal reserve board is faced with opposition equally as bitter and as well organized as that confronting the holding companies bill. Perhaps it can be said that opposition to tho banking Teglslatloh ls even stronger because In that fight the President'’ will be opposed by Senator Carter Glass of Virginia, who must be regard ed as the most virulent of all the Dem ocrats In the senate. The house bank ing committee has about done Its Job with hearings on this bill but the sen ate committee where the full force of ; the Glass opposition will he felt .has not even set a date for committee con sideration. The social security bill about which Mr. Roosevelt has done much talking, because It Is distinctly a reform meas ure, has flnaTly been redrafted In the house while senate leadership is un-' able to get together on any policy respecting It. Some senators want to split up this bin and pass the section providing for old age pensions, allow ing the other parts of the bill, to die a slow death. The legislation to Increase by $1,750,- 000,000 the loaning power of the Home . Owmers Loan corporation probably will get through the senate without much more’ ado. The house passed the bill becausejt could not do otherwise with individual members realizing that there was a chance that some of this money would go Into their particular districts. Included In this bill Is a line that promises a good"tnany bun-• dred jobs for politicians and it Is nat ural that the party in power is not going to overlook this possibility.. ' There remains on the “must" list, then, only the proposal to extend the nuisance taxes which expire at the end of June. It Is probable that the bulk of these levies, will be accepted by congresl as necessary. • 1 rL-. • • • One cannot fall, In. tramping around Washington these days, to note the fre- quent expression* About the concerning the out- Future l°°k Lor 'the New Deal and for Presi dent Roosevelt’s personal political fu ture. In fact; some hardboiled ob servers lately have been heard to say that Mr. Roosevelt Is suffering from too much ballyhoo. He was put up on a pedestal that made of him In the eyes of many .persons something of a superman. He himself Is regarded as having contributed to this-condition by, hla many campaign promises, some of which he has found absolutely Im practical as remedies In leading the country out of the morasses and on to a more satisfactory economic plain. In truth, the President’s own political colleagues have continued to depict him as an Individual capable oKthings which no human can accomplish and this combination of circumstances is declared by many keen minded persons as likely to bring, If Indeed it has not\ already brought, a definitely bad po litical reaction from the President’s standpoint It Is still fresh In the minds of men and women throughout the country -~ bow President Hoover was over-adfer- tlsed as a superior person In an ad ministrative way. Mr. Hoover suffered from too much ballyhoo to an extent greater than any other man ^ho has served as President with the possible exception of Woodrow Wilson. When the depression came and the current turned against Mr. Hoover he was utterly powerless. With a recalcitrant r congressmen his hands and a dissatis fied people, Mr. Hoover met the faf that must have been expected; WwUra NMrapapar Ualoa. * ■ ■ .. . ,,o*