Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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fmrr News Review of Current Events the World Over President Roosevelt Moves to Jake the Profit Out of War— Wallace for Continued Federal Control of Agriculture. By EDWARD W. PICKARD C by Western Newspaper Union. Bernard M. Baruch W HILE the senate committee head ed by Senator Gerald I*!* Nye of Jtorth Dakota was still InrestlcatlnK munitions makers and their profits aud methods, President Roosevelt named an- , other committee charged wltli the duty of preparing legisla tion that would au thorize the Chief Ex ecutive, In time qt war, to assume absolute power over indimtrlal profits, prices and wages and over the op erations of all Indus tries. Bernard M. Bar uch, New York finan cier who was head of the war Indus tries board, was made chairman of this committee, and Gen, Hugh S. Johnson, former head of the NHA, was selected as Mr, Baruch’s assistant. Others on the committee are Secretaries Hull (state), Morgenthau (treasury), Dern (war), and Swanson (navy); Under secretary of Agriculture Tugwell, act ing for Secretary Wallace; Assistant Secretary of Labor McGrady, acting for Secretary Perkins; Assistant Sec retary of the Navy Henry Latrobe Roosevelt; Rail Co-ordlnator Kastmhn; Gen. Douglas MacArthur, chief of staff; and Foreign Trade Adviser George N. Peek. The President told newspaper men gathered at his press conference that “the time has come to takfl-ihg. profit out of war.” He declared that not only the war .profits of corpora tions would be under Inspection but the wages of Individuals as well. He pointed out the disparity between the soldier's pay of $1 a day- and that of the munitions worker at $10 a day, and declared this unequal mobilization, as he called It. had led to the veterans’ demands for a soldiers’ and sailors’ bonus. Legislation will be asked of the new congress meeting in January, Mr. Roosevelt said. He added that he re garded the subject as one of the most Important of any to be laid before congress. The President Insisted that his move at this time was not prompted by any threat of war. The war horizon, he said. Is cloudless. Neither should the proiKiaal be considered one for war preparedness, the President added. ■ Senator Nvc and others - of hla com mlttee, fearing this move might J>re- vent the appropriation of funds for the continuance 'of their Investigation, were rather caustic In their comments on the President’s action. It was (minted out that the entire field of in quiry suggested by the President was covered by the war policies commis sion. apiminted under, congressional authority three years ago. This com mission made recommendations, but congress took no action. In order that he may aid In han dling expected War department legis lation, General MacArthur is retained as chief of staff Indefinitely, by direc tion of the President This does not mean that he will serve another four- year terra. A LL Michigan was thrown Into mourning by one of the worst disasters that ever occurred In that state. The Hotel Kerns In I^ansing, crowded with legislators gathered for a special session of the assembly, was destroyed by an -early morning fire, and probably as many as forty per sons were killed by the flames or by leaping to the street or Into the Grand river on the bank of which the hotel stood. The exact number of victims may never be known, for the register was burned. At least six members of the legislature lost their lives. u B keynote sounded In the program offered by Secretary of Agriculture Wallace In his annual report. Con vinced that agriculture should be brought under permanent federal con trol, he will ask congress for drastic new legislation. This will Include broad amendments to the AAA, great exten- slon of the grain futures act and pas sage of the Tugwell food and drugs bill While he Insists on continuance of cro^c control, Mr. Wallace advises against falling Into the pit pf ’’scarc ity economics”; nevertheless, he de fends the working of the AAA reduc tion schemes to date. He sees "the end of our period of emergency adjustments, of drastic re daction in farm output coming Into view.” Hereafter, the task may in clude adjustment of production to a rising demand, he says. To this end, as a safeguard against the effects of crop fall ere tn the future, the secretary de velops his proposal for H an ever nor mal granary.” Larger reserves against crop failure would- be maintained. These, be believes, should remain in the control of the farmers, through Storage and government loan arrange ments, coupled with an obligation to participate In continued crop adjust- manta. By co-ordinating storage with evop adjustments, fanners would have the beginning of means to control live ocfc production cycles, It Is held. i secretary defends the proposed amendments to the AAA on the ground that they really did not enlarge his powers but merely ’’sought to remove uncertainties In the law and to specify more clearly the secretary's powers to enforce these marketing agreements against the recalcitrant few.” The Tugwell amendment to the food and drug act U defended by Wallace on the ground that It would remove from the government “the formidable obligation of proving that claims made In the labeling of patent medicines are both false and fraudulent” and pro vide more drastic penalties, Including jail terms for violations. I ’M IN. I have more than enough votes to win,” said Representa tive Joseph W. Byrns of Tennessee; and this ended the contest for the speakership of the next house, for a count of noses proved Mr. Byrns was right The President remained neutral, and one after another the state delega tions fell Into line for the Tennessean. There remained the race for the floor leadership which was sought by a number of men, Including John W. Mc Cormack of Massachusetts, John E. Rankin of Mississippi, James M. Mead and John J. O’Connor of New York, William W. Arnold and Adolph J. SAb- atb of Illinois. INVITED by the League of Nations * council to name the commander of the International force to preserve or der lu the Saar before »ml -during the j" plebiscite of January 13. the British government gave the post to Maj. J. E. S. Rrlnd. a soldier of considerable experience In and since the World war. The British contingent will com prise l,r>00 men. The Italians will num ber 1,300, the Swedes 250, and the Dutch 250, bringing the total to 3,300. The governing body of the Saar Is authorized to exempt “the Interna tional force," as It Is called, from "all responsibility for any acts accom plished In the performance of Its mis sion and confer on Itself, In case of need, power of requisition, accommoda-« tlon, maintenance, and transport of said force.” Bogoljub Yeftitch F OR a few days It seemed that Jugo slavia was determined to provoke another European war as an aftermath of the assassination of King Alexander. Bogoljub Yeftitch. Ju goslav foreign mini#-' ter, appeared before the League 1, of Nations council in Geneva and denounced the govern ment of Hungary as responsible for the Marseilles murder, and his government pressed him to obtain concrete action In re gard to the complaint At the same time Ju goslavia was deport ing thousands of Hungarians from within its borders. Hungary, denying any responsibility for the killing of Alexander, protested bitterly against the deportations, and was supported by Italy In Its position. France stood hack of Jugoslavia, as did Czecho slovakia and Rumania. Yeftitch told leaders of the major European powers he preferred- to with draw the matter from the hands of the league and deal directly with Hungary rather than accept a mere “platonic” condemnation of terrorism. “Our moderation has mistakenly been conceived to be weakness.” he asserted. The situation was genuinely threat ening and the representatives of the great powers began to get busy. Pierre Laval, French foreign minister, told Baron Aloisl of Italy about the Serb threat, and a spokesman for the little entente admitted that the Belgrade government might be ~forced’ by public opinion to act unless the council’s ac tion was satisfactory. _ Thpn Laval proposed to the league a plan Involving an Invitation to Hungary to conduct a careful inquiry into the murder of Alexander and to punish anyone found guilty of connection with the crime. ~ This scheme was presented to Hungary and the little entente by Capt Anthony Eden, British lord privy seal, and was accepted by them, td the great-belief of the statesmen. Meantime the tenseness of tha situ ation was lessened by the sudden ces sation of deportations of Hungarians from Jugoslavia, which action. It was said was due to the Intercession of oth er powers, chiefly Great Britain and France. The Serb government probab ly realized that Its cause at Geneva would be prejudiced by the continua tion of the expulsions. C ONSTITUTIONAL guarantees war* suspended by the Cuban govern ment in the provinces of Havana, San ta Clara and Camaguey in order to cope with threatened uprisings. Au thorities are thus enabled to search homes without warrants; hold prison ers without bringing charges against them and inspect personal mail Ma- tanzas is the only remaining province where citizens are assured constitu tional rights, since the guaranties were suspended in Pinar del Rio and Orlente provinces some time ago. The secretary of state in Havana an nounced that “squatters” on some thou sands of icres of land in Orlente pro vince, where a miniature Communist state has been set up, will be evicted. DOLAND’S foreign policy was clearly * set forth to the press by Prince Radziwlll, chairman of the foreign re lations committee of the Polish parlia ment. the statement being meant |^1- marily for the. French. —The prince said the Franco-Polish alliance was still the basis of his country’s foreign policy, but France’s lack of considera tion for Poland’s independence and the attitude of French capitalists who re gard Poland as a fit object-ef exploita tion have developed serious differ ences. Radziwlll said Poland wishes to avoid becoming involved in Danublan and Balkan problems and at the sum? times wishes to be^consulted on prob lems directly affecting it, sneli as tne proposed eastern Locarno security pact and questions concerning its relations with Russia, Germany, and the Baltic states. u Poland Is not the “yes man” of France, and It cannot permit action to be taken In northeastern Europe with out being consulted, Radziwlll con tinued. H ENRY FORD believes, tys do many others, that recovery can be brought about by reviving Industry and creating employment, and he Is acting on his belief. The mo<or magnate annonficesWaThe'will' spend an additional mm Heory Ford $8,000,000 for further expansion add i m- provement of his com pany’s thousand-acre plant*-at River Rouge, near Dearborn. Mich. This is in addition to the recent letting of contracts for nearly fl2.O0O.OOO for two steel mills and power units for the plant, so the company will spend a total of about $20,000,000 within a period of ten months for the development of the River Rouge plant The new units now under construe tion and the cost of each are the steel finishing plant, $3,460,000; the hot steel strip mill, $6,111,923: the stripper building, for handling ingots, S230.UU0- new steam and electrical units for the (»ower house $4.599,88i>; new blast fur- Daces and Toundry equipment. $2,120, 460, and additional equipment of many kinds, costing $3,144,250, made neces sary by the shift from 24-hour to 10 hour daily production. Evidently Mr. Ford has no fear for the- future economic stability of the country. T TNION labor, like President Roose- ^ velt, is heartily In favor of legis lation establishing unemployment In surance, but it proposes, through Pres ident Green of the A. F. of L., that the insurance be financed wholly by a 5 per cent tax on pay rolls. Opposing any direct levy on the workers, Mr. Green says they would pay most of the cost- any way. Employers add their cost to prices and employees buy 85 per cent of all goods, he argued. If workers shared the direct cost of In surance. he adds, they would be pay Ing twice. Representative Connery of Massa chusetts, chairman of the house labor committee, says that sentiment In favor of the 30-hour week measure as a means of reducing unemployment Is Increasing. This also is warmly urged by union labor, but the administration seems to think the time for It has not yet come. • '■ A TTORNEY GENERAL CUMMINGS held a four-day crime conference In Washington with some five hundred Henry L. Stimson made speeches at the opening session. Criminologists. Judges. W HEN December 15, war debt In stallment day, came around. It waa found that Finland was again the only nation with enough decency to pay. It deposited the amount due, $228,538, in the New York Federal Re serve bank. All the other debtor na tions repeated their defaults, and Great Britain rejected a suggestion for anoth er conference on the ground that world conditions had not altered since last June and negotlatloni now would be “useleea and unwise.” - lawyers and sociologists joined the gov ernment officials In devising a program to make the nation more law-abiding. H. J. Ansllnger, chief of the narcotic bureau, discussed the recent raids In many large cities In which his agents seized hundreds of dope peddlers, ad dicts and their equipment, and said the raids showed, the need of more drastic 'lawi against the dope -evlL The mat-^ ter of shady lawyers was taken up and Mayer C. Goldman of New York suggested that private counsel in crim inal cases be abolished and a system of state defense lawyers be established Treasury officials urged that their po lice authority * against bootlegging should be broadened. These and many other toplca were thoroughly discussed. B OLIVIA, badl£ beaten by Paraguay; announced her acceptance of the League of Nations’ plan for ending the war in the Chaco; and. aithodgh at the same time an order was issued for a general mobilization of all the coun try’s available man power. It waa be lieved the long straggle waa 'near its ending. The league plan provides for an arm istice while a neutral International commission work* out details of a set tlement of grievances. Paraguay has amt acted finally on the league’s after. BRISB THIS WE No, No Cash Money ^ Won Their Reward To Discourage Murder No Surprise Possible According to solemn agreement, made between “gallant allies,’' which the British call themselves and us, the United States should receive from Great Britain the sum of $360,000,000. Another considerable sum on account of “war debts of honor” is due‘from France. Will these amounts be paid to maintain, spotless, the honor of na tions that borrowed in their troubles? They will not be paid. Nothing will be paid. Three hundred and sixty mil- lions of dottars are more important than “spotless honor.” To the announcement that she would pay nothing Great Britain frankly adds that “it would be useless, and there fore unwise,” even to attempt nego tiations. Little Finland, on the contrary, an nounces her Intention to pay the In stallment Napoleon called England “a nation of shopkeepers,” which an noyed the English and was inaccurate. Shopkeepers make it a habit to pay their debts in order to keep their credit Two life convicts have earned free dom by submitting to medical experi ment with “tuberculosis vaccine,” or “preventive.” The “preventive” with which the doctors have experimented on Oar) Ericson and Mike Schmidt for months past is not a tuberculosis cure. It prevents those inoculated from con tracting tuberculosis, as ordinary vac cination prevents contracting small pox. Doctors of the National Jewish hos pital, who have worked on the new aemm for 19 years past w mi net convicts that they would risk their lives In the experiment, now proved Buiuinn . Both braved death In hope of pos sible recovery of liberty as the re ward. They have won the reward. On both sides of the Atlantic at tempts are made to discourage murder. President Roosevelt takes the lead here, summoning all forces of the coun try—state, national and local—to fight private crime, banditry, traffic In nar cotics, lynchlngs, kidnaping, plain or dinary murder. Private crime worries fis here. Doctor Dafoe is in New York, first visit, and surprised reporters note that be shows no amazement when gazing on skyscrapers and canyon-Hke streets. The reporters need not have been surprised. Doctor Dafoe Is the man who Introduced the five Dionne quin tuplets to the world, and kept them alive, breaking all records, after they got here. . > When you have ushered five little girls Into the world, one after the other, you can no longer tie surprised by a mere skyscraper. Doctor Rosenbach,; book specialist, thinks New York city needs a build ing devoted exclusively to the works of Shakespeare. It Is a shame, says he, that “scholars have to go 3.000 miles to see a quarto of ‘Hamlet’ ” For tunately, they can get a better Hamlet than that “quarto” la any good book store for one dollar. To do Justice to Shakespeare, you might have one building devoted en tirely to books written about Hamlet, who never lived. Rev. Joseph A. Davis, colored, sixty- five years old, very , eloquent preacher, who operates a garage between Sun days. says he Is the New York repre sentative of Senator Huey Long’s “share-the-wealth" Idea and already has 10.000 members willing to help share the wealth In Harlem. He’s only waiting word from Sen ator Long to start in earnest “Me and the senator will take this town like an epidemic," says he. “Epidemic” Is whafthe French would call Le mot Juste (♦‘Just the right wordi’}. —— .■ ■■; ■ Fifty men were arrested at a cock fight near Los Angeles. Six hundred watched the fighting. Two fighting roosters were named Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich, singularly Inappro priate names. If you know anything about fighting roosters. The extraordinary thing Is that adult AmericanSt not semi-savage Malays, should actually enjoy watching roost- era driving steel needles into each oth er’s brains. Dr. Leo Wolman, Intelligent, level* beaded young man, with Nicholas Kelly and Richard L. Byrd, Is In Detroit to see that employees tn the automobile Industry have a chance, “without fear •f Intimidation, to elect their own rep- resentatlves to bargain with efbploy- National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart Washington. — Senator William E. of Idaho, sometimes denominat ed as a progres- letcher give Republican, has win stick sought out the front < pages of newspapers again wilh a demand for reorganiza tion of nie Republican party. He called for the resignation of Henry P. Fletcher \as chairman of the Republican n^lonal committee and was promptly \piet with a digni fied declaration from the chairman that he had no Intentioti of resigning and, further, that he Intended to see what could be done with the. present carcass of the elephant that was trod upon so badly In the last two eloot ions. That declaration woultL appear to have been enough to stopXthe Idaho senator temporarily, but It failed and he was back again on the front page with another press statement \o the general effect that the present leader ship in the Republican party would amount to little more than a huge joke unless there were reorganization, suscltatlon or reincarnation or some-' thing else. It seems, however, that the second blast by Senator Borah was more than an ordinary dose because It aroused Senator Janies Couzens of Michigan, another individual who en joys labeling himself as a progressive Republican. The Michigan senator fired back at Senator Borah a chal lenge. that the Idaho senator write something equivalent to a new pro gram for the Republican party. Sena tor Couzens said he was not at all .convinced that Senator Borah could point the way for revivification of the #iephMt’s eeratfHt and gave every Indi cation, according to the view taken here, that he believed the one success ful course for the party lay'In offering a constructive program rather than constant criticism of the New Deal without offering substitute for it. While Mr. Borah’s demand for Mr. Fletcher’s resignation caused some comment It did not stir the waters like Mr. Fletcher’s reply. The chairman promptly showed fight He said that to step out at this time would “plunge the party organization Into confusion.” He pointed out that there is machinery by which changes can be accomplished In the party organization through the calling of a special meeting of the na tional committee. This can be done on petition of sixteen members from six teen different states and Mr. Fletcher suggested to Mr. Borah that if leader ship changes were desired, the way wes open to him. mal can be made out of the G- O. F. elephant. It may be a Job for a vet erinarian or a ' face-lifting and skin* stretching job. There are the western groups, there are the Borahs, there are the conservative easterners and there are many conservatives who do not like any one of the other factions. If Mr. Fletcher or Mr. Borah or Mr. Gouzens can mold a party Insignia out of the material at hand political wrif- era generally believe the Republican— party can make its presence felt In 1936. If, however, the Borahs. Nyes, Norrises and others continue to pull onp- way and the Fletchers, Ulllesea and Requas are found tugging at the other end the chances of this elephant eventually dying seem better than ever. Two seasons of trial have shown that in the Agricultural Adjustment act, American ag- Would Continue riculture has an AAA Program effective means of adjusting its pro duction to the needs of the market, ac cording to conclusions announced by lecretary Wallace In his annual report >r the Department of Agriculture. Mr. Wallace believes that the adjustment program should be continued although he admitted that the enormous sur- pluses\ which previously existed hare now largely disappeared as a result of drouth ok from other causes. The secretary’s report shows somo indication, tn the opinion of observera, of an Intention to change the tack of the adjustmen\ program. He suggested that the task gh ea( l nia y include ad justment of production to a rising de- H “was In respect of this suggestion that Senator Couzens took a crack at Senator Borah by saying that If Mr. Borah had real plans, Mr. Fletcher should resign and the chairmanship should be offered to Mr. Borah so that his constractive ideas could be carried out. . • Charles D. Hilles and Mark L. Requa, Republican national committeemen from New York and California re spectively, also had their Ire bestirred by Senator Borah while the row be tween Borah and Fletcher was pro ceeding. Neither of these men took much stock In the Borah proposal be cause they never have viewed things as the Idaho senator sees them. • • • The controversy between the several outstanding individuals over what to do or not to do Says Peaty about the Repub- Can Come Back Ha»n Party Is con- sldered by many political writers in Washington and bjnnany-polltlcal leaders as being lit tle more than a flash In the pan and unlikely to lead to solution of the prob lem faced by the party which went down to such ignominious defeat in two successive elections. It has bee.n Chair man Fletcher’s contention that despite the licking the party took, it can come bxcK and be as strong a force in Amer ican politics as It ever has been, but he hinted that nothing could be done until the party organization and rank ffie If this means that the automobile Industry through the power of the United States government la to be put In charge of organized labor leaders, the experiment will be Interesting. An Inquiring alderman tn New York discovert that ninety-one men working on "relief work” eliminating mos quitoes were supervised by ninety-five boeses. On setount of cold weather the ninety-one mosqntto exterminators were laid off, toot ninety-five bosses wart kept boating Imaginary exterminators. T—tw* RTtiatoaUh and—fitr of Um men gw orer shock. This was the condition which confronted the Democratic party after tfte defeat of Jamee M..Cox, thq Demo cratic candidate in 1920,'and It was paralleled in 1928 when President Hoover defeated Alfred E. Smith of New York. Yet the fact remains the Democratic party came back and is now in absolute control of the govern ment machinery. Astute observers here generally, I believe, hold the view that some changes may be necessary in party policies. This view possibly was expressed better by Representative Fish, a New York Republican, than by anyone else when he said that !t was apparent there should be an at tempt made “to liberalize and to hu- manize” Republican party policies. The problem confronting the party therefore, is looked upon as requiring something more than front page criti cism. Indeed. I hear many expressions to the effect that a period of quiet con- elderatlon by party leaders may do mere to develop a constructive pro gram than all of the bushwhacking and gun'toting by any of the regulars or ir regulars can do- in othen words, to sum up the picture'as I bear the con- elusions stated here, it would appear to be a time for the party leaders to brush away cobwebs and look upon con ditions as they exist rattier than to allow personal animosity and personal ambition to overcome solid judgment So as the Republican row la seen to day, the case Is what kind of an anl- mand and that, it Vas pointed our, will certainly not reqmre crop reduction exclusively. The fundamental pur pose. according to the secretary’s out line, is to establish a balance between production and consumption, and in de scribing this program he coined the new phrase “balanced abumlance.” Un less tills is done, Mr. Wallnre declared, there is danger of the countrV “falling Into a pit of scarcity economic “In 1933“ the report continues, "ag riculture had enormous surpluses of wheat, cotton, tobacco, and hog prod ucts, which had accumulated as a re sult of war-time expansion, economic nationalism, strangled foreign trad^ and reduced domestic consumption, i’rlces had fallen fo 50 per cent of their 1929 level. Merely to avert farm ruin it was imperative to eliminate the aurpluses. “As matters then stood, production cuntiui seemed'to~ be synonyiuT>uiTwTHr crop production. But It waz never contemplated that reduction once start ed shoifld he continued indefinitely. It would be a serious mistake to reduce farm production constantly. Such m course would raise prices temporarily, but would restrict consumption, and create new farm competition at home and abroad.” * Mr. Wallace added that It Is neces sary to recognize that crop control In volves a restriction of agricultural pro duction and declared that the only al ternative Is a recovery in agricultural exports. “This can be soundly achieved,” he said, “only, on a reciprocal basis wiU» this country importing goods In re turn." The secretary gave It as his opinion that Immense benefits would accrue by Increased International trade. It can not be a world policy, according to his analysis, for each nation to “live at home,” but the secretary did not state in his analysis what commodities he thought proper for importation. It was with respect to this phase of his report that thera was much comment devel oped In Washington. The Wallace report also stirred up discussion again as to the lack of co ordination between various New. Deal policies and agencies. New Dealers frequently have talked about develop ing export trade and vast sums have been expended by various groups and Issjojna,-UJ)d£E- authorUy-itf JEresL- Problem for Farmers farm equipment dent Roosevelt In efforts to send Amer ican products abroad—and get bald for them. To that extent. Secretary Wallace and the other New Dealers agree, but beyond that there appears to be a parting of the ways. • • • Government efforts to prevent sol) erosion—another term for stopping galleys—have cre ated a problem for farmers and for manufacturera of One of the methods employed to control soil erosion is the construction of terraces on hillsides. Now, the Department of Agriculture has discovered that machines hitherto satisfactory for cultivation of flat qy rolling land are no good for cultivat ing terraces. So Ralph W. Baird, on* of the department’s experts, has In formed the American Society of Agri cultural Engineera that machines for farm use hereafter must be more flex ible. The engineering society members, were grateful Some of them told ms that they appreciated the govern meat’s Interest In their problems and that doubtless modification of designs would result In many Instances, but few of the engineers were Impressed with the necessity for the far flung government methods. They appeared to think that the government's engineera bad gons somewhat afield In making plans to proven^ sou washes. * 1 Ok Waster* N<