Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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tm w* Tht BanwtQ P«opl*49«itiMl f BimntH, Q. C, Tkvntay, Nor—btr 2$ r 1184 r I'/'^ERMAN Nazis In the Saar, er> ^ santzed aa News Review of Current mu I 1 a WT I 1 «»■«*■ «»P a quan Events the World Over .SLSsn/'^uS^* 0 ^ ^kr- • . President Starts His Social Reform Program, Putting, Unemployment Insurance First—Visits TV A on Way to W|rm Springs. . By EDWARD'W. PICKARD C tor WMt.rn Nrw»p»p.r Union. Frank P. Graham W ITH the election In the back ground, President Rcoaerelt la ready to push forward more rapidly hla ambitious plana for what he calls “the abundant life” In this country. So he has appointed a large advisory council to aid In formulating and getting through congress his program of social reforms. The chairman Is Frank P. Graham, president of the University of North Carolina, who has been serving as vice chairman of the NRA consumers’ advisory board. He and his colleagues, all known to be New Dealers or in close sympathy with the New Deal, are asked by Mr. Roosevelt "for advice and counsel*In development of a program for unemployment Insurance, old age •ecurlty and adequate health care." Work on the social program already Is well under way and an executive committee has laid the groundwork. Also Miss Frances Perkins, secretary of labor and chairman of that execu tive committee, has named an advisory committee of physicians and surgeons that, according to advance rumors, will report a program that will be “revolu tionary almost to the point of estab lishing socialized medicine." This medical group Is headed by Dr. Har vey Cushing of Yale whose daughter Betsey Is the wife of James Roosevelt, son of the President Secretary Perkins announced that other committees were being organized to aid In the formation of plans for federal Intervention In problems of public health, hospitalization, and den tistry. W HEN the federal conference on economic security met In Wash ington, nearly all the members of the advisory committees were present. The President told the delegates that he would present to the coming con gress bills to provide for setting up Im mediately an unemployment Insurance program. As to health Insurance and old age pensions, he said he was not certain the time had arrived for fed eral legislation to put these Into effect, and he uttered a warning against “organizations promoting fantastic schemes" and arousing hopes “which cannot possibly be fulfilled.” Though 'Mr. Roosevelt conceded to the seiHirate states the right to decide what type of unemployment Insurance they would a4lopt, he dertnrert that would reserve to the federal govern ment the right to hold and Invest and control all moneys which might be collected. This was necessary, the President added, because of the magnitude of the funds, and “so that the use of these funds ns n means of stabilization may be maintained In central management and employed on a national basis." It Is expected that from $4,000,000,000 to $5,000,000,000 would be raised In the course of several years. Mr. Roosevelt Insisted that unem ployment Insurance must be kept en tirely apart from the dole, and that It should be managed strictly on an actuarlally sound basis. Hi Indicated that he favored legislation along the lines of the Wager-I^wls bill Intro duced in the last congress, under which a 5 per cent federal tax would be put upon all commercial pay rolls, certain portions of the proceeds being paid back to such states as had adopted legislation for the working of an un employment Insurance program. Before the conference members went to the White House to hear the Presi dent, they Indulged In a discussion that brought out all sorts of views on what should be done. Relief Adminis trator Harry Hopkins and Mayor I^t Guardia of New York urged Immediate establishment of a federal program to Include benefits for the 4,200,000 families now on relief. Hopkins said any program not encompassing these destitute “Is not worth Its salt." La Guardia, in the same vein, said cities cannot hold up under the relief load much longer. This was not In accord with the view expressed a little Inter by the President, and was an example of the confusion of Ideas in the con ference. v /: original $3,000,000,000 allotment will have been nsed up. P R] to A NOTHER program that Is being rapidly prepared by the Presi dent’s advisers for action by congress has to do with the nation’s natural re sources, and the necessary legislation is being drafted by the national re sources board. It is of utmost Impor tance and In Washington there Is a be lief that It may lead to government control, and possibly government own ership, of all timber lands, oil reser voirs and coal fields, and government dominion over all existing and future water power developments on the na tion’s lakes and rivers. / RESIDENT ROOSEVELT has gone his winter retreat at Warm Springs, Ga., where he will remain until after Thanksgiving day, and on the way had some interesting experi ences. First he traveled to Harrods- burg, Ky., where he helped Gov. Ruby Laffoon and other officials In the un- velUng and dedication of a memorial to the men and-women who established there the first permanent Anglo-Saxon, settlement west of the Alleghenies. The monument, erected by the federal government at a cost of $100,000, over looks Pioneer Memorial State park. It depicts an epoch rather than an event, and the only portrait among the many carved figures Is fhat of George Rogers Clark, who there planned his conquest of the old northwest terri tory. From Harrodsburg the President went to see the Tennessee valley devel opment which has been well called th£ laboratory of the "more abundant life.” It was with deepest interest that he viewed the work that Is being done by about 1,200 men building dams In the Tennessee river and tributaries to provide power, flood control, navi- ( gallon and new fields of work for per sons drawn from unprofitable land. After a visit to the Hermitage, home of Andrew Jackson at Nashville, Mr. Roosevelt Inspected the revived Muscle Shoals plants and the Wheeler and Wil son dams, and then went to Tupelo, Miss., the first town to purchase power from the new federal development la th« gantsed as the German Front, as sert that the French separatists have been trying to stir up a quarrel tor fCnM*' Natlont commission for tho Saar, to call In for* sign troops. Tbs accusation ins con tained In a note sent the League deny ing that the German organization has gone beyond (he law In urging inhab itants of the Saar to rote for return of their land to Germany In the pleb iscite to beheld January 18. In Its memorial to the league the German Front asserted that it pos sesses documents n> prove that France has sent arms Into the Saar and that pro-French groups have been trained in the use of machine guns and In flammable liquids. This Is for the pur pose of executing a coup d’etat late In November or early In December, the German note said. T OM MOONEY, who has served 18 years of a life sentence for com plicity In the San Francisco Prepared ness day bombing In 1010, may yet win release. The United States Supreme court consented to ,lve at least pre liminary consideration to bis case, and that Is a big point In bis favor. The court ordered the warden of San Quentin prison to show cause within 40 days why counsel for Mooney should not be granted leave to file a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. The order of the court does not mean that It will review the case. S ENATOR THOMAS and his fellow Inflationists were not pleased with the President’s choice of a new gov ernor of the federal reserve board to succeed Eugene Black. He picked Marrlner S. Eccles, a Utah bank- er, whose Ideas of In flation are not at all those of Thomas, for they do not Include flat money. Mr. Eccles believes In “credit In flation"; he would ■ WML _ ivvSSNKcvxl Marrlner 8. Eccles U NCLE SAM need expect no pny- n tpss cohfTol the reserve banks' purchases of government securities, Issue money .against these purchases and spend ^lie new fooney for government bonds, thus creating an endless rhaln of credit arrangement So long as this chain were maintained unbroken, the government's credit would be inex haustlble. Something like fifteen billion dollars, according to Mr. Eccles, should be spent by the government for public works and housing projects, and he thinks this vast sum can be obtained by following out his monetary plana. T HE government has Issued an order permitting the free exportation of capital from the United States, and business men take this as a concession to those who demand stabilization of ment from France on the war debt ^ currency as a prerequisite to busl- on December 15, when the next Instal ment is due. It Is stated In Paris thar France will then de fault for the fifth straight time. Pierre BRISBANE THIS WEEK The Pvesideat’s Guess Heeded for the Dole? Writing for Young'People - How We Prepare • A Washington story, mors or Issq authentic, says: "Tbs President, talk ing to reporters st Hyde Park, mads guesses on the election results, and mads 10 mistakes." That may be, but he made no mistake In his guess that the people of the United States would support him and his policies by an overwhelming vote, and that was tha guess that really Interested him. Mr. I ekes tells Vincent Astor*s news weekly that this nation mdst face gov ernment payment of cash relief as a long-lasting Institution. Also we must face that ugly word “dole," so unpleas ant to proud Americans unemployed, exqnisltely painful to American tax payers. About the dole we shall be like the lady that, “vowing she would ne’er consent, consented.” v The plain, unvarnished dole Is ahead of us. In his chapter on statesmen In the “Philosophical Dictionary," Voltaire said be did not write for the states men of his time, because they were too busy to listen. He wrote for young men thht would be statesmen and do something after his death. That was a sound prediction. Those that were young when he wrote got rid of kings and laid the foundation of the powerful French republic after he was dead. Writing for the young, offering sug gestions, Is a pleasing occupation. When the suggestions are carried out, after you die, you cannot be held re sponsible'If they prove to be unsound. MaJ. Gen. Smedley D. Butler, who commanded the marines, says: “I’ll never again carry s rifle beyond the borders of the United Stales." ^©f the 1,600,000 men sent to Europe k« esys: “I did not come across a single one who knew why he was there." General Butler Is right Any light ing outside of our borders should be done from the clouds—bombs and poi son gas dropped by airplanes—and from below the water with submarines. e National Topic* Interpreted by William Bruckart Washington.—The smoke of battle has cleared away sufficiently since the election to permit Election of an analysis and Analytic there , general conclusion discernible as to two things: (1) The Republican party must uu dergo a complete reorganization, a com plete elimination of the old line lead era and the assumption of power by virulent forward looking men and women of the newer generations. (2) President Roosevelt, accorded the greatest vote of confidence ever given a Chief Executive, Is confronted with the greatest responsibility ever laid on the lap of one Individual In the history of this nation. — Thus, there can be no doubt, accord Ing to astute Judges, that Mr. Roose-; velt and his administration are In real danger because he has too many blind followers. It seems to be generally agreed among poMtlcal leaders and ob servers—that Is, all political leaders excepting those who refuse to believe a change has come—that the Republican party went Into the recent campaign and finished that campaign without any kind of a program. Some critics are saying that Henry P,_ Fletcher, the Republican national chairman. Is to blame. I do not find that <yltlclsm sup ported generally. But In politics some one always must be the goat and ap parently Mr. Fletcher Is to be made the goat by those Republicans who have been unable or unwilling “to take It." Mr. Fletcher and his cft-work»»r«. Sen- -aturTTfiSUngs of Delaware, and Repre- ness recovery It does not mean stabilization bat Is a step toward It and Indicated the administration has dropped the Idea of bringing about re covery by debasing the dollar. Pre sumably. If further attempts to bought. $1,000.000.008 wurth ot air- Etienne Flnndln. _. . render, oppogwi J\fty 1 th§ flfillar frT foreign exchange were ment In 1032. when he contemplated, the treasury would not was minister of leave the doora open for the wholesale finance, and his cab- fl| Sht of American cnpltal abroad. (net Is now taking the Premier Flahdln same position as the previous government —awaiting an Anglo- American settlement which would serve as a basis for Franco- American negotiations. The only Idea for revision of the debts that has met with any enthusi asm In French parliamentary circles Is a 10 per cent payment to correspond with the reparations relief granted Germany by the I^uisanne agreement Proposals for larger amounts, or “pay ment In kind," have met with coldness. The chamber of deputies Is clinging to the position that France will not pay one cent more than It gets from Germany. A ndrew Mellon may now have another cause for grievance against the federal Treasury depart ment. for the government has made charges against the Union Trust company of Pittsburgh, a Mellon Insti tution, of filing "a false and fraudulent Income tax return”’ for 1030 In a tax action demanding payment of $218,- 833 plus a 50 per cent penalty. In supporting its claim, the govern ment listed eight transactions In 1931 as evidence that all were “ a part of a false and fraudulent course of con duct on the part of said Union Trust company.” Among the 1931 transac tions were two “accommodation’’ deals with Andrew W. Mellon. A RIZONA is determined to prevent the construction of the Parker di version dam across the Colorado river unless It gets what It considers its share of the hydro-electric power to be developed by that project Gov. B. B. + Moeur declared a "war zone" on the Arizona side of the river at the dam site and sent a detachment of National Guardsmen with rifles and machine guns to halt work there. The United States bureau of reclam ation ordered that work on the Parker dam on the Arizona side be stopi>ed until the dispute Is settled, so Gov ernor Moeur called the troops back to Prescott and Phoenix. “It’s a showdown this time,” Moeur said, “we are going to get something or we aren’t And If we can’t expect anything, we want to know It before this project is farther advanced.” W. P. Whltsett. chairman of the Los Angeles metropolitan water district board of directors, said he “hpartlly agreed" with Governor Moeur that Ari zona should have one-half of the power privilege at the Parker dam. F OR the purpose of obtaining better co-operation among federal agencies engaged In lending government funds, the President has appointed a commit tee consisting of the heads of the agen cies. with Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau as chairman. The new organization will report to the Presi dent from time to time and Its activi ties will cover the treasury, Interior, public works, federal housing, farm credit. Home Owners’ I>oan corpora tion, agricultural adjustment adminis tration, export-import banking, com modity credit, federal deposit Insur ance, the RFC, federal reserve board and public works housing. In connection with this co-ordinating move, the White House stated that when the present applications of the Home Owners* Loan corporation have been reduced to terms of approval the F ederal judge Charles l DAWSON of Louisville, Ky., over ruling an attack on the validity of the Frazler-liemke ,/arra moratorium act, declared “with regret" that It is con stitutional. In his opinion he said: “The legislation, In some of Its pro visions, is unfair to creditors, and un wise even as to farm debtors, for It Inevitably closes to them all private sources of credit." F REDERICK LANDIS, the only Re publican to be elected to congress from Indiana in the recent election, died of pneumonia In his home town, Logansport He was a brother of Kenesaw M. Landis, national base ball commissioner. B UDGET requests for 800 new air planes have been submitted by the army air corps, and If thaucorps’ plan.fatten. Is approved the United States will have the largest and most up to date mlll- tory aerial armada In the world, in cluding eventually 2,400 planet. Concerning the amusing fashion In which a country like the United States manages a great war when it rushes In unprepared, General Butler says: "The war never brought this country anything. A few Insiders made money. International Nickel company earned 1,800 per cent The government bought for use in France $20,000,000 worth of mosquito nettings, and there wasn’t a mosquito In France. — "It also bought 35,000,000 pairs of shoes for 4,000,000 men. and every pair of shoes would last a year, and It planes ’that ground.’ wouldn't get off the look tn him with a hr* could not pin to any other flag staff. The new prime minister of France, Flandln, tells the chamber of deputies that he will keep the franc stable and France will have no dictators—“liberal Institutions will win out over all forms of dictatorship." The French, most logical nation In the world and one of the most deter mined, will know how to carry out that program. C ELEBRATIONS of Armistice day In the United States and the allied countries of Europe were generally marked by warnings of the dangers of another terrible war in the not distant future. At Arlington national cemetery President Roosevelt quietly laid a wreath of chrysanthemums .on the grave of the Unknown Soldier while military detachments stood at atten tion, and then, as taps sounded, Mrs. Roosevelt stepped forward and placed a single white flower- at the foot of the shrine. National Commander Bel- grano of the American Legion was^one of the speakers at Arlington, and called for adequate defense of #ie nation against both foreign foes and t^ forces of unrest that arq attacking our Insti tutions. I N A cablegram to the League of Na tlons. Chancellor Rlart of Paraguay said his government could not accept a truce In the Chaco war In return for International guarantees, aa was pro posed by the league. Rlart Insisted that an end to hostilities should come before negoHatlons are undertaken to solve the war and to arrange definite terms for peace. However, Paraguay accepted the principle that the conflict proper should be settled by condll- The Chaco consultative committee of the league asked the secretary gen eral to request the United Statee and Brazil to collaborate In ending the war. Senator Borah says be makes no accusation of personal graft in connec tion with spending public billions for relief, unemployment, etc. It is a com fort to know that there Is no charge of stealing from the poor or the unem ployed. But Senator Borah does accuse the relief administration of shameful waste and bad management, so had that about half of ths billions were appro priated In vain. Mussolini decrees all that are capa ble of performing manual labor shall work for a living. A man may be rich enough, In his own opinion, to live without work, but not tn Italy. Even aristocracy must work. Very hard, when you and your ancestors have done no work for perhaps a thousand veer*. — It appears, kind friends, that this world—Europe, at least—is really head ed toward war. Who says so? Mussolini does, and lie has loalda Information “another Eu ropean war Is Inevitable," and adds that Italy will get more from this next war than she.got from the last She Is getting readjCtralnlng even small boys as soldiers. And Lloyd George, who took Britain through the war that Germany would have won had It not been for Lloyd George and Clemenceau, saya: “War la on the horizon," and advises. If you doubt It that you try to Insure against war with Lloyd’s. No price you could name would get you Insurance against war for the next ten years. Men wonder that wan should start between nations speaking different lan guages, with conflicting ambitions, re ligions and Ideals. Let them consider oar own state of Arizona, calling out troops to it op completion by the United States of the Parker water diversion In connection with the great Colorado rive# project . Arizona says the water now running to waste mast not be'dlverted by tkt government or anybody elae without Arizona's permission. •, King PMtnrM SrodiMt* la*. WWUSnrrtM. sltloni In order that when the radical 'roup makes demands, he can make concessions to them and accomplish the ends sought. ^ v This conjecture, of course, Is pro- - dicated upon the frequently heard conr dltion that the radical bloc will be larger in congress than heretofore and that they will assert themselves. The President’s ability to meet this condi tion obviously will be tested, but there are many observers who say that the President Is the best tlght-rope walker the country ever has seen. Looking Into the future, It seems-per*- fectly safe to say that the realignment of parties ha^, taken greater strides than most observers thought possible when Mr. Roosevelt was proposing the New Deal in the 1932 campaign. It was perfectly patent then and became more apparent as he took office, as I reported to you at that time, that Mr. Roosevelt was building a party of bin own. I heard a Washington political writer, a man of forty years’ experience, say the other day that Sees Break-Up it wfrs not ttffpos- of 'Solid South* 8ible f° r a breafc* sentative Bolton of Ohio, arq known to have pulled back In their criticisms of the administration. The consensus seems to be, however, that this alone was not. sufficient to have resulted in the overwhelming defeat which the party suffered. It was. rather, an en tire lack of definite proposals from the Republican leadership, and throughout the country, according to well authen ticated Information, the younger crowd of Republicans was apathetic. They had nothing to encourage them and - nothing to offer In argument In the place of the things the New Deal was preaching. In some quarters It^ls emphatically Insisted that the New Dealers, theories and all. amounted to a light In the dls mal darkness of the economic depres slon. This school of thought argue? that It does not matter whether success has crowned the President's recovery efforts. He At least has maintained a forward-appearing movement and In the absence of anything constructive from the other side, a people dowix trodden and with resources e*hnust^n 11 ^_ a ^ jM ^^ 1 n cr ♦ 1 wi up of the “solid South” to occur within the next six years. He envisioned withdrawal of the conservative South from any party that tied closely Into the liberal or rad ical groups that dominate the Middle West and the Rocky Mountain areas. It presented a picture rather new In the political scene In that It seemed to suggest the posstbtttty of an aTTgnment of the East against the Middle West / and the far western sections of the country. The thought was expressed with two factors In mind. It was pointed out that the bulk of the territory east of the Mississippi river is based in manu facturing Industres. In that territory are many large and medium sized clfies. Their Interests are different than those west of the Mississippi. The condition resolves ,the question into one of economics. The second factor to be considered Is the fact that the so-called solid South is Inherently conservative. That links with the great manufacturing sections of the country. If Mr. Roosevelt has succeeded or does succeed hi creating his own party, under whatever name It may eventually be known, this Wash ington observer told me he foresaw gradual defection of southern Demo crats and their alignment with manu facturing Jnterests In a conservative party. . _ History shows that such develop ments as are pictured In the above pro-’ But. as said above, Mr. Roosevelt has his problems. They are more danger ous than when he Pretident*s took office. With Prohlemt more than a two- thirds majority In each house of congress, the President, It Is held generally, must guard himself against too many friends. The two-thirds majority always has been regarded as a fine asset for an ad ministration In forcing through legisla lion where It Is necessary to apply a gag rule. This Is particularly true In the house of representatives which has I tendency to become a maelstrom os too many occaalons. Many new mem hers, embued with the Idea of a New Deal mandate, will swallow the Presl dent’s legislative proposals - without question. History shows this to be a most dangerous condition for the Chief Executive. He has no opposition to call attention to mistakes, weaknesses, or vulnerable spots in the programs which he offers. One official, and a rather high offl clal at that, suggested the other day that he was In favor of "organizing” an opposition bloc in the house and sen ate. It was his conviction that If there were critics among the Democrats, they would constitute something of a leader ship for the Republican^ minority and that, by these two groups, valuable criticism of administration policies would be available. All through the last session of congress numerous con servative Democrats, mainly from the South, were working under cover to hold the brain trust programs within bounds. Many of the senators, and representatives as well, went ^ibout their woek quietly but none the less effectively and, I think It Is conceded by most persons In a position to know, that these men kept the New Deal from going too far to the left. • • • One other phase of the Roosevelt problem deserves consideration. The campaign showed Ultra-Radical any number of men Threat seeking election on die Democratic ticket to have ideas far beyond the New Deal program. In fact, some of them are nl- tra-radleal. Observers here contend that Mr. Roosevelt la faced with a genuine threat from these personages. In other words, it appears to be wi^iln the realm of possibility that he will have to swerve somewhat to the right to Insure victory for tho pottetef in which he believes. Legislation, always la by compromise. If the President does not desire to go so fkr to the radical aide he may be forced to sup port certain more conservative propo- ing the rapid changes that have come since Mr. ItnnwMrelt became President It Is unreasonable to suppose that ac complishment of an entire political party revolution can be accomplished In time to affect the result of the 1930 Presi dential election. Some students of politics maintain, however, that the development will have been sufficient by 1936 to wield some Influence. From all of the discussion 1 hear at this time the result In 1936 will he de pendent upon whether there has been complete recovery and whether federal money holds out that long. There ar» few with whom I have talked who dis agree with the premise that with drawal of federal aid, for re lief or otherwise, can he accom plished without Important political re actions. • • • This Is the story of a rtian whose name many of you have seen engraved In stone on many post offices through out the United States. It Is the story of a man who grew up In government service and who Is now retiring to the rest and recreation which 49 years of government service certainly entitles him. At the end of this month. James A. Wetmore will close his desk at the treasury where he has served since 1915 as acting supervlsng architect and from which office he has directed the greatest public building program ever undertaken by any government. Mr. Wetmore Is seventy-one years old and he says that he Is going to enjoy the rest of his life at play hut he always hastens to explain that he has enjoyed nearly every day of the work he has been doing. It was almost half a century ago that M. Wetmore accepted a Job as • stenographer In the treasury. Fron® the day In 1885 when he began work there, his rise has been steady and his ability constantly recognized. Thus It came about that when Oscar Wende- roth resigned In 1915 Mr. Wetmore wan asked "to fill In for awhile." That "awhile" stretched over a period of IB years during which Mr. Wetmore per sisted In his refusal of the office of supervising architect. You erill not* wherever his name appears graven on the corner stone of a post office that there is the word “acting" before thn rest of the title. The reason Is simple. Mr. Wetmore is not an architect and never has been. Thus a career officially ends, a career about which few of his countrymen knew. While hie name appears on hail* dreds of corner stones, he participated In the ceremonies of the laying of only one. That was at Bath, N. Y„ his birth* place. And that Is the one cornes stone of -which he ft prond. •. WMtare Ualoe. . ’-V . *