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t b .4 Our States - Ay JONATHAN BRACE A ' SAS was nam ed after the river which flows diagon ally through this state and is one of the chief tributaries of the M1issis sippi. It is said that the early settlers found in this territory, an Indian tribe named Arkansas, but the actual meaning of the word Is not known. It probably has some relation to the word Kansas. There has been much confusion as to the correct pro .nunciation of Arkansas. To re move this as far as possible a resolution was passed by the state senate in 1881 which specl Red that the true pronunciation was "Ar-kan-saw." .Originally Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana Purchase. Its first settlement was made by the French about 1685. Except for the few years during which by secret treaty it was ceded to Spain, it remained under French rule, until purchased by the Uni ted States in 1803. For nearly ten years after this, it was a part of Louisiana territory. With the admission of the State of Louifana In 1812 this northern section was formed into the Mis souri territory. In 1819 there was another partition and Ar kansas territory was created, which included the present state and what later was called Indian territory. Due to the reports of an early explorer named Pike, who visited this region in 1806, the in, -r rect idea-was generally accer I that most of the expanse of plains e'ast of the Rockies was a vast desert. This idea per sisted to such an extent that as late as 1850 the western plains were called in the school geog 4 raphies "The Great American Desert." Adventurous settlers, especially from the South, found conditions in Arkansas quite 'oth erwise, however, and by 1838 Arkansas was admitted as the twenty-fifth state' of the Union with an area of 53,335 square iles. The natural resources of the state are considerable. There are ,the mineral springs of me dicinal value, which, have been placed under governmental con trol at Hot Springs. (0 by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) The Story of Our States By JONATHAN BRACE XX.--MISSISSIPPI THJ! State ofMissis - sippe drives its name from which formIs b oun da ry.4 Trhe wvord itself comes from the Algonquin mnissi-sepe whieh means "great river." It is popu larly supposed to mean "Father' Sof the Waters" hut this interpre t ation is incorrect. Thle st ate is also known as the Bayou State from the many bayous whieh are formed by the shifting river. In this connection it is interesting to note the uneven course of the Miississippi river. Though thet e'xt remei length of the st ate fr'om Sthe Gulf to Trennressee' is 0 Smiles, the western bordler, due St a the winding of the Mississipi T river, extends for nearly 500t iles. S The r'ivers play an iimportanit t m'rt in tiuis state.. TIhey. are so niur, eronis a ml the (ountruy so 4subl ject to 0 lo)od 1hlat th rn iver botmscve early on if oif the a reai of thle ('ntire slat. 4 The early hist ory of Missi. sippi is yoke'd ill wvith that of L.ouisiana ofI wvhih it or'igzimnally formned a parI . 1) -f((roere by ' Te Soto In 1530t, it was: n'tot iI La Salle sailed down~v thea .-iver and1( claimed t his: tritory. w~hich he named '*" honori~ If his 1'enc SkIng, Louis XIlV, t hat a perem 4nent se'ttleme'nt was est abished. In 1763 the Ieritorlmy ''a't of the Mississiplpi wa's r"ededI by th French to th 10Englisn. i.'r a while the lowver por'toni oIf thle present state was called Westi Floridla. After being captured( by the Sptmish and interr ttlrnedl to the United States, the Territory of MIssissippi was ex. tendled to its present size of 406, 805 square miles and in 1817 It was admitted ats the twventieth Sstate of the Union. At the time of the Mexican war, although called upon to supply one regi mont of v'olunateers, Mississippi respondled with enough metn for two. One of these regiments was commanded by Jefferson Davis, wvho' later was the presi dent of the Confederate states. Since its readtmittance to the Un ion in 1870 Mississippii In na tio'nal elbetions has been aDm cratic st ate except In 187'., wvhen it votd fot- 0Grant. ((c)by AtcClure Newepape'r 53vniHeate.) e.I The SoryLf ur State ay JONATHAN BRACE XX U--FLORIDA ' gLOR1DA Ke hA awasj con. sidered Amer. ea's first health resort. It was the search for a mythical Founta n of Perpetual Youth th'at led Ponce de Leon,' the Spanish explorer, to .land near the present site of St. Augustine. His rediscovery of Florida in 1518 was on Eastet' Sunday, hence the name, which Is from Pascua Florida or Flowery Pass. over, which Is the Spanish for Easter Sunday. The French were the next set tiers, founding a colony on the St. John's river. Spain promptly took action to maintain her own ership of this region and sent over an expedition which erected a fort under the leadership of Menendez at St. Augustine in 1505 and exterminated the Huge not colony. St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States. There followed a period of hos tility between the English col onists in the Carolinas and the Spanish in Florida. By the trea ty of 1763 Spain ceded Florida to Hngland in exchange for Ha vana, which England had cap tured a few years previous. It remained an English colony un til the last years of the Ievolu tion when Spain recaptured it. There were two provinces, East and West Florida. As the Spanish ruled Florida with a very loose form of government, this region became the refuge of pirates, smugglers and lawless characters. Sucli an element to. gether with the unruly Seminole Indians naturally c'aused a great deal of trouble. To overcome this, President Monroe pur chased Florida from Spain in 1819 for $5,000,000. or about eleven cents an acre. It was organized into a territory and in 1845 was admitted to the Un Ion. - Florida is sometimes called the Everglade State on account of the vast swamp-land in its southern part. It is also known 4 as the Peninsula State and is the southernmost State of the Union. Its area is 58,660 square miles. (@by McClure Newspaper syndicate.) The Story. of Our States By JONATHAN BRACE XXX.-WISCONSIN T HE many cities i n W-isconsin with French ~names show t h e Frencht influence in its early st themnent. T1he first white man to penetrate thuis region was Jean Nicollet, who was sent out in 16314 by Champlain to open trade~i with the Indiians. HeC lhmded at Green Bay and1( prob ably t raversed the country to Chicago. Fur traders and mis- ~ sloonaries followed and the latter built a mfissin where Ashlaid n~ow stand~s. Tihis wa the iirst church erected In the state antd around it sprang up the first permanen~it S elent. Jollet and1( Vather Ma[rquett e deseekd4 the WVisconsin river, and1( Ll Salle explored a great (deal of Wisconsini before lhe took his Jfamnous trip down the Mississip pl'Among t he fur t rad(ers to comell to Wisconsin shores was Daniel diu Lhut, after whom the ety o (f D)uith, Minn., was lj1uring the Reovolut ion WXis'on +i remaPPWIinedi loiyal to til)he I rit clime ai par't of thle Uitedi ISt atecs by3 4he Trieaty of I 'aris in 178F4, It was not unt il 181(1 t'hal federal troops really 11stablished11,1 auithmority there. InidiIn upris Ings contiiinuied for sonme time Ie(nding onhly with the( lilaik HaIwk war in 1 8:2. Thelmn fol iowed1 extensIve 1mm igraion) from the New Eingland States.4 I W isconisin had1( formed a pa1rt of the Northwest territory until 1800, when it became a Part of Michigan territory, under whieb j urisdictiont it remiainied uilI4 1830o, wvith tihe exception of nine Syears, when it was coinsidiered1 a part of Illinois territory. WVith tihe admission of Michigan as a 4state, tile Wisconsin territory *waLs creauted, wlitl includled al so the present states of Iowa and1( Minnesota and portions of North and South Dakota. In 1814 Wisconsin was taken into tihe Union as the thirtieth state. Its area is 56,066 square miles and it has thlrteen eee toral votes for president. The state is named after the WVisconsin river. This is an Ojih~wa phrase which means "gathering waters." It is some times called tihe Badger State. (@by M~Clure Newupaper Syndicate.) The-Story of Our States By JONATHAN ItACE XIV.-VERMONT T Ederiva -'t Ion o f the name Ver mont comes from the French "verts monts," o r green moun tains, and it was likewise the -French who were probably the first white men to see those lofty landmarks which so appropri ately give this state its name. This was in July,. 109, when Champlain made his memorable voyage up the lake now called after him. The first permanent settle ment was made in 1724 at Brat tleboro, where the Massachusetts colony established a fort as a buffer against invasion from the north. The territory used was part of what was known as the "Equivalent Lands," which were sold at public auction in Hart ford for about a 'furthing an acre,, the proceeds being donated to Yale college. Shortly after this, settlers pushed eastward from New York across Lake Champlain. and westward from New Hampshire. This led to dis putes between these two colo nies as to their boundaries. Un der the leadership of Ethan Al len New York's claims were re sisted by a local military force, which proudly called themselves "the Green Mountain Boys." It was these same men who played such a brilliant part during the Revolution. In 1777 a formal Constitution for the state was adopted and Vermonters are proud of the fact that theirs was the first of the states to prohibit slavery by constitutional provision. For a number of years Vermont re mained as a separate republic, but in 1791 it was admitted to the Union as the first addition to the original thirteen states. - In size Vermont has 9,564 square miles, aid its congres slonal delegation numbers four. It thus casts four votes for the president. (@ by McClure Newspaper syndicate.) .......................e.........00004- 0.6 0 6 ..... -e--e-- .4...e-e--.-e . .. 4. ...0. ........ .. . The Story of Our States I By JONATHAN BRACE XXI.-ILLINOIS KA SK11A 1S oldest iown in t Illinois, is Oil 4 the site of an 4 Indian village 0 - and it was here that Father Marquette, after his first discovery of the lllnofs rIver, estabilihed a .lasul t rnissIon in 11 75.iour yeamrs later Lai~: alie, through thle (Greait 1Lakes, luandedl a1t t he (Chiengao'V1 rive andi pulshed' afn to the liliniois river, whlich he named a14 1lftr th Ile Ilaiiuan tribes '..."...in thai~t regimi. .ia-re he* hi011n. a t andit senit huis baoat Itelak to Mnh lt ral for furit her sill pilies. Whenot his vessei dil t retur h~'ile starited' hiaine~ iln fot 11:4nd0 asu't..adeda in fininig his wayi a1lhered (t ogether1I anol~ther' exjae dion (alnd1 i.-iiurnied to thle fort, whlih he l had3:4 left ini ehtl'ge o i a -' :::lain Tonalty. Tihe for't ihe faun. .n rulins, but tinulily "ue TIty 'li who hadila'ui driivena uni. I'l- ilah Irioquol~is Indians 11. Th is- i verwaVy to thet .Mis issip (pi aena 01' ae of thie h-ading ?1\ , ue 1j ol'l~ :o iniia io ' e tu'e'' th laa( ench( iin the11 ."1orth n'40'i li' Illiiaua. artnch si tib.* a SO-n i localet.l her t aa nd l a .laN~l I it t 1111:1 SalIn fa1t, hauc - th Il lii enuntry w;.s "shal by( Frni toV 1-li hmid in I fro . thi Preht ieo thi liii hti e cthatco itl ws teveralityea thesr te't'rrior but he oCI I t ing'a44 1 theleolutienai w. - 4'-rg ilogers htr and h 77 ias 4 foredoninto the Ntritor norh kior3. ht an tractexthedd f-:ogis frnn tisi provinhe. Viaisi a s'arlews hedntual dveito ptso thio- territor, Illinoise ereh eranen an4 n187i a fomes t the Northweist ewTer reatofry.0 Thsqr exee frhom 4 Ptaensvna o the Mi'ssevissipp th otyand Isntal diied cinto + athe twiret-i state w'ith an tIllinois Is the --most important 4 state in the Union next to New 4York and~ Pennsylvanla as it has * Itwenty-nine electoral votes for president . 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