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KLcJ. CM. Hi$TO : III. Keowee, the Capital of the Lower Cherokee.. The Keowee valley is one of the beauty spots of Souht Carolina. Every traveller who visits it is deep ly impressed by its wonderful scenery. As early as 1775. the ex plorer. Bartram, described it as "a fertile vale, at this seaso:n enameled with fragrant strawberries and bloom ing plants, through which :he beau tiful river meanders. -_nvironed at various distances by high hills and mountains, some risf'z boldly almost upright upon the v're of the ex pansive lawn, so a- to overlook and shadow it, whit- others more lofty, superb, misty and blue, majestically mount far aboe."' Keowee'- vale is about seven miles in length, and from one to two miles in width. In this favored location way our county seat, Old Pickens, from 1,S28 to 1868. The division of Poi :ns District required its removal to a spot more central. But even before the days of Old Pickens this valley had been a seat of govern ment, for there was situated th town of Keowee, the capital of the Ayrate (Under-Hills) or Lower Cherokees. Keowe was built along the banks of the Keowee or Insundiga river, upon and near the plantation of the late Captain Steele. It was at dif ferent times located on opposite sides of the river, but at all times it was within "gunshot" of Fort Prince George. Old Keowee lay in a cir cular area on the western bank of the river and just opposite Fort Prince George. The trail from Char leston led into the valley over Gap Hill and crossed the river by the log ford, just above the shoals. A few hundred yards above the shoals was the town of Kulsage or Sugar town. After Old Keowee was de stroyed (1760), a town was rebuilt on the eastern bank of the stream just opposite to Sugartown, and call edl New Keo)Wee. There is evidence that Sugartiwn was also called Kaw. hohee. 'There fore, since all of these towns were within one mile radius and all bore the name Keow e (trans lated "place of mulberries), we ma ei)nsider them as one, the noted capi tal, to which South Carolina sen more commissions, for war ' au< Sold oni:: give tir at the k( 1R NON-SKID) RI $15.00 $: Redluction on A New L< Known and LANGSTON Full Line of Fisi Stock. All Kind Accessories, Auto Workmen, Satisfa I peac. than the United States h is have no definite record. According t, estimates of historians it was a t )wn of about five hundred inhabit ants. A trader reported to the Caro lina government that in 1751 some twenty-nine warriors and three chiefs from Keowee were engaged in some unrecorded affair, as compared with nine warriors and one chief from Eastatoe, the second Lower town in size. In the town was a council house, trading post, corn-houses, and dwelling huts. All around the set tlement lay fields of Indian corn and, peach and plum orhceards. The council house, erected on a mound, was a lofty structure, a pyra mid in shape. The Cherokees built these council houses by setting up beams in the ground in circular or der, the outer circle being about six feet in height, the middle circle twice that height, the inner circle still higher and the center beam a pole overtopping all the others. Upon these rafters were placed, and a roof of bark put on. The Colonial trading house at Keo wee was in charge of John Chester. An enornv'us peltry business was conducted there. The Cherokees were ruled by a c )uncli of their chiefs. Kvowee's most powerful chief was also King of Chote, a town of refuge across th , Blue Ridge. In the early eigh teenth century this high office was held by Old Hop. In 1760, in his old age, he was superceded by Atta kullakulla, the Excellent Woodcutter. Both of these rulers in their contact with the Colonial government show ed remarkable wisdom and diplo matic abliity. Attakullakulla even visited Charleston and London in the interset of his people. The most I powerful local office was that of Con jurer. Canacaugh was the Great Conjurer of Keowee. The Raven I was both a Prime Minister and a Supreme Court. Next in rank were the chiefs, prominent anont. whom were Skiagusta, the Old Warrior; Oruste, the Catawba Kinemi Yaho ma; and Canasaita Diplomatic relbtionmi.s )tw-n South Carolnia and the (%)uncil "at Known c' bI1an with tts vii'. 4f S:r AI'm n der ('unning to Keowe' in I7'. In 17~3 (G;ouvrn')r (;lien cncuie : treaty at thy' fndIian capital, purcht.i ((l lanI, andi built Fort. Prine I (;eo)rg . Then follow+d numerous by dealers e mileage >weCst cost u story 1 ~2.00 $27.50 >w Price on a Honest Product 'S GARAGE < Tires Always in is Auto Parts and Repairing, Skilled ction Guaranteed. 1; SSOUT WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT YOUR HOME STATE? What do you know about your home state? Of course, you are loyal to it, but what reasons could you give for your loyalty? Do you know what it is doing in commerce, in agriculture, in improving the wel fare of its citizens, in maintainnig its place in the vanguard of progress? Every man should be just as famliiar with the history of his stat' as with the history of his country. The Atlantic Coast Merchant, a monhtly magazine, of New York, has spent several months in painstaking collection of information regaring. the resources nad progress of each of the states in its territory. Statis tics have been gathered from -*ate officials, commercial organi:zati )s and state and federal hurea-.< f>r the purpose of presenting as th-)r >u'Ih and authoritative a pictur -)f thr present status of each of tha > ern and Eastern comnwe:'h which it was possible to obta. We are printing below the tifth =t)ry. SOUTH CAROLINA. If Pennsylvania boa.: that Lib erty was cradled with:n her bur. daries South Carolina :::ay claim with even greater jus::ce :-> b.! the true birthplace of the Gri-iess on this continent. The glamour which has been shed around the mighty events which took plac.e in Phila delphia in 1776 has unjustly obs'ur ed the fact that it was in South Carolina that American independ enee was first proclaimed and that it was the eloquent voices and stout hearts of her sons which gav the initial impetus to democracy an'i freedom in these United State-. It. shoul'l be of peculiar intere.t t o \!*rcltr: tI note that tihe tirn. r t "ite f tie e de wva- n:") a S'.ver. a sob'li'r or )')liticiur, but t ,re'1"t m1erc"hanlt. <'hristopher Giad - 1:'i l irles""tont. I.ong. bf) ore ti;t? --"' !:'i-ation: oft llmiepent:iene'.' !evo't NXi..-te as a passiihlity inl the nin& of its siz ners Gaidsleu was pre'ach:ng th.l doctrine of freedom uirar the famous liberty Tree in his native city. With the vision of a great statesman he foresaw the inevitable struggle and was the first to urge that the colonists must stand shoul der to shoulder in the Gre.t. Defiance and that every petty sectional jeal ousy must be abandoned for the sake of the common cause. At a time when even such men as Adams, Otis, Washington and Ifenrv reoiled from hethought ot sevu'eree from th ma Rher country (;a Vi' was ) boly )'r)(ialm1ing that a ~ : i:jp.. cine, -a the~ uni: iui . h rh tract.er, distinui -h ahi: ' I 'y .m' \x'rui over hi- f..a r' ~ ~:4i si tlxly demstrat: u by rhe a that South Carolina wa- the *.rd d ony~' to adopt an Ieinee-lt ftrm of government and Christopher Gads den was the framiner of its cmnatitu - When the issue was once dr iwn andi the colonists entered upo)n the rie-sperate enterprise of resisting the~ might of England by arms it was men of South Carolina who wur th tire: ev-V victory for the caue of fr', dam. Si days before. het D -r .Iifcende~nre ned -: - conf r *e ii < .tn ria Keowl. -:ix yr erGvro ui r . 'l. Grn . It w s re ul aee the rier bu.I.tIneve agian re..ach it for proinece. Touhe on as ai destr-yed in 177wb a. HamnunirCl.Ade Willamson n it ihabtant diti entoth mou-nt. Iy whe reaity of Hopewll-Kowes the riend nvrgins rachdoed thoreir prndinenceuTh ar o!. No lmonly ran the. Anrow he.i or,, andc its inhbtanytrnedvu by thle 1)low in the rich valley to in' d'ate the former exietence of. pros. perous Indian towns. H CARl . which followed is studied by the bri'liant deeds of the sons and ' iaughters of the Palmetto State. Song and story have woven imper ishable fame around the ride of Paul Re--ere and, with the injustice of' which history is so often guilty, have almost ignored the far more perilous and daring ride of two daughters of South Carolina, Mrs. Jane Thomas :Ind Mrs. Dillard. These two devot ed women. learning that a body of I the Revolutionists were in danger of being cut off and destroyed rode at! dead of night through the almost in irnetrable forest and enabled the :olonial general to turn the impend ina disaster into a glorious victory. Nor should it be forgotten that in the naval encounter between the Bon h.>mime Richard and Serapis it was al S).'th Carolinian. John Mayrant, who e1I the American sailors to the cap e f the British ship when their ow: vessel was sinking under their 1gne of the most trusted lieuten ':s of George Washington and one of the most brilliant and accomplish a men of his ars was another South' Carolinian, Colonel John Laurens. On the field of battle he displayed what Hamilton terned "unapproach.. able courage," but it was in the field ")f diplomacy that he made the most notable contribution to freedom. At. the most critical time in the- Revolu tionary War he was sent to France by Washington to solicit a loan of' money and to obtain nore active co operation on the part of the French naval and military force. The his torian, Elkanan Watson, has describ td what he accomplished in these w)rds: "Although a youth of twenty s:x he achieved by his consummate tact and extraordinary abilities what the powerful influence of Franklin failed to effect." Lat!I Laurens arranged for the up p)rt of th French in the Bat-l > Yorktown and )er:snally le the ham at the m.>.t formidable of la Briti-h redoubts, capturing the of CJ!.)nel Campbell, the Eng li h comunamier at that point. Th> hh honor of arranging the terms of -urrender was intrusted to Colon&e. Liurens by General Washington in i Lord Cornwallis was exchanged for his father, Henry Laurens, a prisoner in London Tower. When America was forced to take. up arms again in 1812 in defense: 'f her new found freedom fresh glory was shed on the name of South I Carolina. Her most famous son,i Andrew Jackson, seventh President )f the Unit.. States, was the Ameri 'a:- c):mmnantder in the miemorable in th of New Or~aans when Wel!ing tons etean were utterly routed bythe ha:f t:in ad slhiters of th-e : r i ublic. Wit d'' . r snect to) the feelings h'\a I(.cvjl:nai it should I b men ti n h tht the sister state has also p~f'rr ei elimzs to Old H ickory as '>ne of her sons. The fact is that t'.er'e i.s some uncertainty as to where Gieneral .Jac~kson was born, the bor d- r Iine betweeni the two common wealths not being clearly dietined at that time and the general's homie being situatedi in what was part of -leoatable territory. However, he .ways referreti to himself as a South ro.l::ciian anit is niotewort hy that h fam->.s :'tth Division, raecruited dy n.i( Crhlin, and~ wh:ch wvon : iy-::t fans i '.i shar-e itn th. t -) u I' Vhn a par . C -.:ue. !09. Shauth Cr i st decloi aridon her ha'.r - V2. they :>vered by pr~tn:.yd ree of. un isurs. paissedc -.grandleur *:. teoiing with w ild h fe of almoi' ' r-y dc ri iiption. It was not, ho)w-r;--. mtil more than ai century later 'h a. a permanent settlement was '4 - .e by the Eng '.ish and that tra'i began. That early commeirce. waecontined1 exclu. :sively to t raflic wnhi the Indians and over another centiy~in fac,.-the only indutstry was ' antI ig and trap. ping and the e:<eh ci: of beads, trin kets, blankets, et' - with the Indians for furs andi skmri. As the forest slowly gave way 'wfore the axes of the colonists aigr:-ilture began to grow and rice and, earn were culti vate~d in rapidily :n'reasing extent. For many year. '.hese two great sta[ples were proci-:.'c in abundance, but toawaird the . ose3 of the eigh teenth century they began ti) give grrounrd before the i.... ng .. a ...a.~ ILINA1 -cotton. From that timos up to recent years South Carolina has been one of the world's great sources of supply of cotton, but with the growing realiza tion of the dangers of relying upon A single crop, the theory of diversi fication has rapidly gained ground And today she is again coming to the front as a great producer in aractically all varieties of farm pro lucts. The wealth poured out into :he world's market from her farms reached last year the enormous total f $520,000,000. She led every stat3 in the Union in the value per acre of her twelve leading field crops. Rapidly, however, as the idea of diversification has spread throughout the state, South Carolina naturally remains primarily a great cotton state, ranking third in production of th' staple and second in the extent and importance of her textile manu factures. The total value of the products of her cotton mils last year was $262,880,000 or more than three tifths of the total value of all her manufactures, which was placed at $355,300,000. The number of spin dIes increased from 4,620,865 in 1914 to 4,997,4011 in 1920 or a net gain of 376,641, while during the same period there was a net increase of 5,150 in looms and 12 per cent in horse power. One of the most important factors in the development of the state's vast and rapidly developing textile industry is her magnificent resources in water power. Nature has endow e-i her with splendid facilities in this l dlirection and they have been rapid-I I <iWveloped by the enterprise and enery of her citizens. It is stated :hat the commonwealth could do wih.,'ut coal entirely and supply all h " lei power and heat from her : - y in , mflyrtnce to her p:w'iuctio n comn corn an'i t tni with th' efforts now being Iti re Aucs the c'tt )n amrea'e re that the two former, ..i- take first rank in a short A' present South Carolina f-larth as a tobacco state, her ast year being valued at $25. 1.000 as compared with less than $4.000,000 in 1914. She has nearly 500,000 acres devoted to corn rais ng and in quality har corn admits no ival. A few years ago one of her farmers, J. J. Findal, carried off the vorld's championship prize for the )est ear of corn. The great importance of her three sadink products should not be al owed, howvever, to overshadlow the .vondlerful fec'undity the state's farms enjoy im every <iirecti-m. Favor,?d .y nature with one of the m->st d Ligthtful climtates in~ thl. world S.)uth Ca rolinta prtoud y beOar.5 that she gtrown elsewher.' andi gro.w it a little hit better. [Her truck farmning in dustry is ra:pidly assumimg a most important place in the state's activ iti s which can easily be understood when it is realizedr crops of any kind can grow all the year roundl unpro te'etd andi that her farmis have broken the wo)rld's record on money crops par acre. [n B~au fort county, the h ?art of the~ ve table growin' section, two rip; growng anri shinped! fr'A' the umr. lrd~ within live mn-h have >H~ fir mo~~r than '80.<),) '25 p).or iere In-i th-~ Z'r->win-. of thi niost populatr of all vegetaib!s hasi rierease~d n t' n years from 'C),000 Jushels to mori e than double t'rat inmount Ever igoo'n thingv.s arie in s';orme or the South Ciarolinian f'arme r for t has bem. defi ni ely establIishe I that mn ha:; a climiate andl soil admirably MinutedQI for the growing of si'k at. '. .ia, two conimmd i ties it. inexhaustible lem-and which can be grown in few ther places on this continent. Ex nafliv( .sections of the state, now r)'n'tically worthless, have been dis o'red to be0 peculiarly fitted for he cultivation of mulberry trees ndi it is probable that within a few mra another tremendously valuable 'ldit:try will have been added to the 1:ite's~ resources. V in interesting to note that onie 1 the favorite dreams of the early .lonists was the production of silk, bu t the project ho tguished througi lack of knowledge and fitnap'eia backing. (CONTINUI) ErT WEEnm r u) UNlVERSslTV OF SOU1Th. CAito.j LAN A SCli-(( Ult 'ftdg r ENTRANCE EXAMINA. TIONS. The examination for the award of vacant scholarships in the University of South Carolina and for admission of new students will be held at the County Court House, July 8, 1921, at 9:00 a. m. Applicants must not be less thin sixte3n years of age.! When scholarships are vacant after July 8, they will be awarded to those making the highest average at exami nation, provided they meet the condi tions governing the award. Appli cants for scholarships should write to President Currell for scholarship ap. plication blanks. These blanks prop. erly filled out by the applicant should be filed with Dr. Currell by July 5. Scholarships are worth $100, free tuition and fees, total $158. Next essio will open Sept. 14, 1921. For further information write President W. S. Currell, University of South, Carolina, Co.. lumbia, S. C. P84-49-50 S7-8-.9 WINTHROP COLLEGE SCHOLAR.. SHIP AND ENTRANCE EX.. AMINATION.. The examination for the award of vacant Scholarships in Winthrop Col--' leze and for admission of new stu dents will be held at the county court house on Friday, July 1, at 9 a. m:. Applicants must not be less than six.. teen years of age. When scholar.. ships are vacant after July 1 they will be awarded to those making the highest average at this examination, provided they meet the conditions governing the award. Applicants for scholarships should write to Presi-, dent Johnson before the examina tion for scholarship examination blanks. Scholarships are worth $100 and free tuition. The next session will open September 14th, 1921. For ,. further information and catalogue, addre.n. Pres. D. B. J.>hnson, Rock : i ! . S . C . MONEY TO LOAN. On Improved Farms in Pickens, Oconee and Greenville counties. City property, Greenville, Easley and Seneca. s R. E. BRUCE, Pickens, S. C. Office Over Keo wee Bank. KEEP OUR SHIPS ON THE SEVEN SEAS' American ships, flying " the Stars and Stripes will carry you and your goods anywherr Two and three generad'2ms + ago, the Stars and Stripes were all over the world. Then they almost vanished from the seven seas. But today they are hack again. Big splendid steamers, Anmeri can owned and operated,carrylng passengers and goods, are crowd ing their way into all foreign harbo)rs with theis Stars and Stripes prosudly fluttering from their moasts. A meric~an cxporters, importers, travelers --all cans help by ship ping and sasiling, under the Stars and Stripes. Operators of Passenger Services Adiral ine t/ t Stre'et, New Y irk.Y Matsont NavigatiLon Company, 26 So G .iy St ree, Ilomnor, Md. Mu .nmn Steam Ship Lmae. 82 Beauver Street. New Yo'-. N Y~ New York nnd ihsrro Rico S. S. Co., i I liro.,dwa ., ew Y. rk, N. Y. Pacific Mnil S S. Co., 4 Llrondway, New York, S. Y. U. S. Mail S. S. Co., 45 Brondway, wVard Lone, 'New Yo rk nnd Cubn Mail s. S. 0 ) i:,rt of Wail Street, New York, N. Y. -Free use of a Shipping Board films U ses of' Shipping Board msotsur. picture hiims, louer recls, frt.e (on request of any, mayor, pastor. postmasr-r, or organi zan on. A gpent edulclaonaI picture of ships nra' th i i en~c. Wrate for nfornm itio to0I I I. L .due, I )lrOtor informntioni Slaurenua. Room i l,. il) *9 "F" Street, N. w., Washangion, D). C. SHIPs POR SALE (Te A msrican eWmums euly) SIteel ,ateamera, both oil and coal burners. Also wood steamers, wood hulls and ocean-gOingj tas. Parther information obtained by request. Forsailingsofpassenger and freight ships to all parts of the world and al otherinfor mation, writs any of the above lines or U-S-SHIPPING BOARD WA iINGTON D.C. 4