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OUl MEN TRAINED DY RIFLE_EXPFRT SOLDIERS IN TRAINING CAMP TAUGHT HOW TO USE AND CARE FOR WEAPONS. BRITISH COMMUNAL KITCHEN They ProveSuccessful in Saving Foo and Fuel - State Councils of De t-nse Will Advise War Risk Clairr ants. (From Committee on Publito Inormatlon. Washington.,-The Nalttona arnia and many organizations of the Nation al Gul rd having been equ ipped witi the hUnied Sttes rifle, mtoclie oif 191'i th ntd.ttStte allo 11(mod ified Enfield), it beeonme neces vary to devise s(omeIC plan whereh troops could be etilcien tly tlrined in the use of this weapon in short time. A Statleent au1thorized by the ord nance (lepartment tells how explerts la shooting, maniiy of themi memberiwts 0 United Stlates teams whlich won inter national shooting mniutthes, were ('orll iiSoned tand stt to vaiou enmp villt to instret oIllicrs and inell in shout ing aml i the operation 111n(d 001re o the rifle. In One ('ninlp oflirers unitelr lost ru tioni from these iel gove 11 dnilon stration in disiniounting 1n111 a5St'nl hling this rife whiile- blind(fhlell'd, tlhe record tine being 7 uinuties for di mounii Ing and 22 IlmIluts for sse'nl) hi ng. 'l'here are cRt partS to ith rill. chatle's' ('linsses, the nuecChtI iiies 'eins; Ianl's' ('111550s , 11he H i m ies betln trained to minke repairs to rifles in tih field. F'requently they will have to do their work at night, whie they will not be Illowed to use I gbs, 1nn1d tlere fore they must be thoroughly trained in tatkig down the rifle 111(1 putting in new pa1rtS by sense of touch. Coimnunal kit (lhens are heing estah lished thiroughout (reat Itri tin ani1d are provintg successful in saving food and fuel, according to reports to0 tle (Ipartmni'l t otf ('orn)u1 erce. An articl e from i re'ent issue of an English newspaper is quoted '"The war has brought home to the public that the Communal or notional klitchen is at ne'eSSity and1( enn he made nt succe'SS. \\'lthin1 n comparat tively short period there will prohnhly be instalild o11m1 Iliri(I'e(1s of these establIshments throughout the coun try. 'i'The nlutnat kit ehen was origi nally interield to supply ploor people with nourishing and at traetIvely pre pared food at low prices, but there is consderlhie prospect-certainty, in fact-that the more prosperous will form a fair proportion of the custo mers. "As an example of the outfit of a people's kit('hen thltt at Hanmernsmth (London) may he taken as a model. This supplies nhout (,000 customers a week, whieh probably represents 12, 000 to 15,000 consumers, as a custo mer commonly purchases for his or her family." The council of notional defense has urged the stnte councils to prov'idr voluntary aid for dependents of metir In the service in collecting allotmentl of pay and family allowances, arreor. of pay, travel pay, extra pay, or othie' money (due estates of dleceased sol dhiers and sailors. Allotments and allowances uinde the war-risk insurance law are paih directly by the treasury departly5nt tF the personis entitled thereto ; e'lim for lusura'nce token out under the In' should he addlressed to bureau of wou risk insurance, treasury departmen Washington, n. C.; claims for arretir of pay, extra pay and travel pay ( dleceasedl soldiers and sailors and a other claims should he oddressed I auditor of the war department, WVasl ington, D). C. Consul General Thackara, at Part cables: "A decree of April 5, publishl( April 0, gives notiee that all imerehn dime prohibited from importat ion law of Many 6, 1910, will he seized nr mold for profit of the state unless regular import authuortzation he pr sented within five daiys aifter' amriv: For first 30 days after promulgatht of this dlecr'ee requests for derogaltioa fro'm its provision coo be addressed the mintster of finance, in etase par cular circumnstancesa justify aln exe tion." Two per cent of the etisted persc nel of the divisions and detached utni of the regular army, National Gulal and National army, excepting ti coast artillery and-various staff corn will be designated to attenid the four series of officers,'.. training schon' iyhich wvili open Mfay 15. Admissih - has also been granted to s011e m< who have had at least one year's ml tary training under army oficers educational~ institutions which ha earned government recognition. Night driving of motor-truck sutpp trains from thle WVest to thet. senhoal has been started by the quarterma ter's depar'tment as a step toward fin training to fit nten for service Frane'e. According to the council of natin *iefense, the exper'ientce gained cross-country coinvoy wor'k hats mnilt the truck companies able to traivel e tir'ely independent of the countrysil Camps ore made at the regular boil no matter where the company is I cated, except that open country is gi en nreference ever cities. Optical glass eqitaut the proauct of European manUIufatourers. frot whom only it formerly could be ob tailned, Is now being produced for mili. 1 tnry use by the bureau of stan(lrds of the United States departitent of com moerce and several privately owned factories. One slil pimient from the glass factory in Pittsburgh, for use by the S navy department, containedl 78O pounds of high-grade optical glass---enough to prvid(le lenses for probably 750 binoculars. l)evelojment in glass mannufnctur ig in the United States has been sl aiir to that of dlye tling. Before the war mnunfacturers o opticnl goods in this country were contret to import f all their glass from Europe, them selves loling only (Ie grinli11ng, Plis - lug, ( and m1(ountin1g. Europe an gl:s fct orie's, n1111' of the Ilre ('hi rgest be ing loented in England, one in I"'rnce, 1(ndi one' in Germanay w ere closely gua:rtled1 to pro itect secr'ets of the trade ! som1etImeos a century old. It was e(In sidiered( impossible to pronil11(1 (lllelernt glass without fortmulas annl faetory processes developed by many years of experiment at Ion. One of thr problems facin-z thr hu-j ren'u of stand wheinII , wI"1 h 11 ini (.ial 41tupalne1ies 1in4 , Ann'Irt , it iIIarl II rIe place w ith locally e(1. t idle rotinetls 1he sulilly If I urop1en1I n pli hanI gl(iss ihiicl f18ha ben cutl oil by ther war, wais to pro\(1d' suitabh. pots for meltliir. III oea irocess of its manuig fneture t' ;:In' s te hicst hne k('tat l'te In-ratures ats hi1ght as :'.()() eleg"re s 1-'., when it wil li tilrl' 1''lly (Ilylve I e oln 1ner inrle of iron. steerl.,or (Ithe.r met:1!. ('ots i ow her:: uisel i whi h sntisfe - forily withsttneC d Ii' h :-tt :111 1 ie nie il ' (tioIns (If mollen.t ;;lass are made of ctay futhtd in the i'nited States. 1n Ab4liti11n to ih factory (eraotet by fhe burt au of stalturds at Pitts sutr;h, sveta ptrivat ely I ' qu11e11 511nie's 41r1' 0ow 0 furnishing optienl gfiss fr milita1y use in telesoi's, ino(u tors, h-d glasses, peris(' opes, a lth or technical and sgegntile Instruments. Thle (qua)rtermasster cor"ps, (harged1 wjith the rsponsibility of feeding nd1,( clothing the soldiers, is rigidly inspect ing the footd purchasedl for the troops to Fee that only purr article's are supl ihd. As an intlietion of tlie 11amo'tmt of food that m st be obtainod -1c , says - statement nuthorize(d hy the quarter master general 1,500.00t0 men con sume dailfy 1,500,000 pounds of beef. "25.000 potunds of hacon, 210,0(0 p'11mps. of ham. 135.00(0 (n11) of ton-l nes, ant 225,000 Ints of jam-with other articles aggregatlg r,7o0,000i 1Mounds. hiefose tnantits of foodstuffs are subjected to splireugh inspection. whch begin at Ie source amd byin Ipnue until the fod is netually con sume(1. 1Each depot of the quarte'r master corps is a central subsistence business of its Own, supplying the camps, nntonment, atIon fields. and other posts In its territory. The subsistence ofiers are held responsi ble for the quality of the goods they receive. Before the supplies rench the depots, however, they are passed upon by in spectors in the packing houses, can neries, and other sources of origin. The records at Washington show the capabilities, character, and standard of every establishment furnishing food for the army. The speciaetions whtc other postmetr c latives eandct. d fsvea o he inspemctnanchav mainisc wuroen fore fud unel'ableldiers names unrelile inrodcts rqurngted tli mnton be setlers'ir whoaving beni Rlatives andb fr1ends tof eneral lr thersoi ary cxapsltave ben tvc wte soir funds bune (slaerd nam monly hae 11nt by1o siecualing Iden fIIteton, or ofmllt general11111 de~llrver ('d to his) ('ompalny. The following is a typical telegrant "sent to the father of a soldier in I (1southern ctup: "I iave been dlischal~rgedl. Comnl; 'homle. Gloinig to Atlanta through coun try tonight. Piease wire me $60 a 41Atl1ant1a so T mnliy pay for uniform ani1 1t4)n1 as I am11 not knowna in Atlantri in WVi'e ('n15h quick so) 1 can get It to 1h'fore' bein~g comp11lIed wvith, any re qluest for1 mioney' to be sent undicer suel Pcondl~itionls should he4 ver'ifledl by a let te'r o)r tele4gr'ama to the commlianding of flemr (of the4 (enm11 in whle(h the mnai wI ~ hose name is signed to the r'oe 'test t: Is .stationied. ie Th'le United5 States governmenlt II 1a, lookinlg for meni who can take chargi thl of bra nch oflices (of t he buriIeaul of for' a, eignand11( dlomestie commlnerce, diepart mn mtent of ('ommierce, aind men't to act av m) assistanits in these offices. Tiranche I- are loentedl in the princIplal cominer it elal cities. The sailaries rage froi re $1,800 to $3.000 for mainnagers anm from $1,200 to $1,800 for assistants. A n11(onompetit ive exatniination wil ly lhe held( May 16 in variouis Parts of th 'd ('ounltry. Applicants will be examine 5- ini 'xport-tradel techntiue, promotto1(1 ai of commerce, andl econotnic geograph3 ill and1 credit will be given for' knowledg of foreign laniguafges. TheI' XI nxaimi 11 tions5 will bie undl~er the direct ion c n 1114 ('ivi'l service. Ie -- r- Tlhe miinister of agricultuire of Braz e. has beenu author'ized to estalish 1mo0 r, e'I'n expeimuental farms and( agricu n- tural colonies, especially for the edt r- entionl of orphans and abandoned chi rern. 1N 1-French skirmish party in the at Zeebrugge which were reported d Panaretoff, Bulgarian minister to the ationi of wvar against his country. NEWS REVIEW OF THE PAST WEEK Naval Forces of Allies Make Dashing Raid to Bottle Up Hun U-Boat Bases. GREAT BATTLE IS RENEWED Germans Gain Little by Heavy Attacks -Holland Being Pushed to War's Brink-John D. Ryan Made Director of Aircraft Pro duction. By EDWARD W. PICKARD. Last week brought forth one of the most spectacular and dashing opera tions of the war--the raid of British and French naval forces on the aer man U-boat Bases at Zeebrugge and Ostend. Five obsolete cruisers andl two old submarines were sacrificed. The former, laden with concrete, were to Be sunk in the channel mouths, and the latter full of explosives, were driv en against the moles. These vessels, escorted by destroyers and all making a dense smoke screen, approached the Belgian coast in the night ut wei'e dliscoveredl and dleluged with shells from the shore batteries and from Ger man dlestroyers. The chief fight took place at Zeebrugge. There the cruiser Vindictive ran inside the harhor under heavy fire,'and landed her crew on the mole after a great gap hal bieen blown in it by a sumlarine. The men cleared the mole, destroyed all its guns and sank a destroyer and were able to get away again, though their losses were severe. Meanwhile three of the block ships were sunk at the entrAnce of the canal or in the harbor, and one of the old submarines was believed to have destroyed the lock gates, letting the water run out of the Bruges canal, At Ostend the operation was simpler and at least one of the block ships has been observedl from airplanes block Ing the greater part of the channel. At this time it Is not known just how successful the operation was ini bottling up the U-boat bases, but prob. abmly it was no more so than was Hoh son's attempt to bottle up the Spanish teet in Santiago harbor. However, it was a gallant enterprise, fearlessly carried out, and Ameriean navy men hope it will be followed up by addi tional naval exploits. There was compamrative quiet alonp the hattle front in France and Flander.< during t he first halIf of the week, andi both thme allies and the Germans tool adlvant age tf the opportumni ty tc strengthen their positions. In thm( minor operations the former had rathem the best of it usually and the Hlum were pushed back in various sectort by bothm the BritIsh and the French Meanwhile the Germans were bringing up their heavier artiller-y, a difhleull thing because of the nature of the ter rain andi were evidently making prep arat Ions for a re~sumption of the attack This camme on Wedlnesday, when after an intense bombardlment, the en emy attacked wIth v'ery considerabbt forces the allied positions south of tht Somme, andl along thme Avre, in thi regions of H:an'.ard, iHles and Sene cat wood. For the time being thes< assaults were successfully repulsed ex cept at Hlangard, which village agair fell into the hands of the Germans The reports from Paris said thal American troops wvere fighting witi the French on this line and that theti -vsiatence to the attacks of the Hunt was dlespierate. About eleven milem Idirectly east of Amiens, the Germar objective in thIs region, the British Iwithdr-ew from the village of Villers Bretonneux, but elsewhere they stoot firm. At the same time the Huns launchei -attacks against the British In Flandern and there was fierce fighting on the lIne between Bailleul and Merville ani near Bethune. Next (lay by a smashing counter-at tack thme British retook Villers, takini -some 700 German prisoner-s and find lag the enemy dead heaped up abou the village. The. Huns also attacke< stongly on the south slnoe of Mann ;., , S )pen1, som.iewhere in the Metuse sector. 2 stroyed in the allied naval raid on the C United States, who many Americans th Kemmnel, southwest of Ypres, but the French deft nding that sector drove them hack with severe losses. So, at the time of writing, the German gains in the renewed ol'fensive are almost nil. The terrific slaughter of Germans since their offensive opened. due to their custom of advancing in mass formation across open ground, has been more than they could stand. and Ludendorff has put a stop to that method of attack. The Buns now dash forward in smaller and separate par ties and take shelter when the chance offers. In the assault on Villers-IBretonneaux the German'tanks made their first ap pearance, leading the infantry, and a spectacular battle with British tanks ensued. Several of the heavy Hun ma chines engaged two light British tanks and disabled one of them. A big Brit ish tank rolled up to the rescue and after a sharp fight put one of the Ger man monsters out of action and drove the others from the field. General Doyen's fine brigade of American marines, it appears, has been in the thick of the battle in France and the casualty list sent over proves the "soldiers of the sea" have main tained their best traditions, for the list shows 34 killed, 244 wounded and not one taken prisoner. The heaviest loss sustained by the marines was In the forest of Apremont, in Lorraine, where two hot attacks by the Germans were repulsed by the Americans. The Americans in the Toni sector have not been seriously attacked since the battle of Seicheprey. Belated de tails of that conflict tell of the heroic conduct of our boys while they were being driven back from that village and were retaking it and re-establish ing the lines. Though their casumties were about 200. General Persitg e. ported thley killed at least 300 Ger mans. Otlicers anid men alike dilstin guished themselves by their brav-ery, indlvidlual deeds of hlerolsnm in tile face of great odds being nutmerotus. There was great activity amlong the air fighters on the wvest fr-oat last week, and thle outstandinrg event was the killing of Baron von tlehthlofen, 011e of tile foremost Gernman aviators and leader of the famous "circuls." lHe was engaged in a fight withl two r-it 151h planes and flew low over the Bit lih lines, whiere a bullet pIerced is hleart. WVith chlaracterlstle chivalry the IEngilih gave him a fine funeral payinlg trib~ute to the memory of a gal lant and1( brave foe. Several American aIrmen reached tile coveted distinction of tbeing num h~eredi amlong the "aces"-those wh'lo hlave diownedl at least five enemIly flyers. And some of our aviators also met dleath. Little news camne out. of Russia, hut it is evidlent tile Germans are still pursuing thleir plans of annexation. In~deed, tile kaiser is being openly urng ed to assumne tile kingshIp of Livonia and1( Ist honia', and it is -announaced thlat a valuabile part of Poland wvill be add ed to Prussia. German forces have reached Simferopol in the Crimea, cut tingK tile railroad conlnection of tile fort ress of Sebastoptol wvith tile mainland. 'lThe governments of the Crimea, Minsk and( Homel( have askedi to he incor porated In the U~kraine. All attempts to Opent peace negotIations between Uk rattle and1( Rtussia have faIled, In Fin lanld tile Ger-man forces co-operating wIth the Whilte guards have made fur tiher pt-ogress and tile F'innishl hoishe vIki govermnlent has evacuated Viborg. There was considlerable severe fighlt iIg on thle Italian front last week, but without dlefhItlte resulit, and In Mace donia the allies made considelrale~ ad vances, capturing several townsl. Poor little Holland seemls on the polit of beIng dlraggedl Into the-great Iconflict, dlespite her earnest efforts to ma1itin hei11r neutrality. Berllin Is re Ported to have malde dlemainds which Imay wvell result in adding tile Dutch to the list of Glermaniy's acetive enemies and that probably would mean Hiol land would become anoth ler BelgIum, - ovetrr~l un ad ravaged, for the allIes ('ould( not wvell help her except from tile sea. Thue (lerman dlemlands have to do wIth the treaty permitting I the I transportation of sand and( gravel' throughl Hollandi for the repair of -'rhe lock gates of the Bruges canal rmanlii U-boat bases. 3-Stephen nk should be sent home by a declar Helgian ron ds. The Netherlands gov ernment refuses to permit Germany to -ita Tke tloc ate il th rughs Dnutch The Guntemala tioal Ssemnly Ia doclared that Guatemala occupies Bhe same position towNrd the European melligereuts as does the United States, which in diplomatic circles is consid ered a declaration of war on Germany and her allies. The rapidity with which American troops are being sent across the Atlan tic is heartening the allies and dem onstrating the intention of our govern ment to put in the field the greatest possible force in the shortest possible time. Many of the men nre going by way of England, and the fact that they are being transported across the Eng lish channel in safety has aroused the Germans to such an extent that their naval authorities have had to apolo gize for the inaction of their fleet. It is not permitted to tell how many men the administration proposes to send to France before the end of the year, but it is so great that when Di rector Generial Schwnb and the ship ping board were told by General Goe thals the amount of shipping he would require they were staggered. Mr. Schwab, however, believed the esti mate could be fulfilled if certain steps could be taken to hasten the deliveries of ships, these steps including the re duction of some of the requirements of the navy so that the steel can be diverted to the uses of the transport fleet. In Washington it is understood that as rapidly as ships can be provided the soldiers will be sent across, whether they are fully trained or not. It is re ported the draft will be accelerated by calling 400,000 men to training next month, a number far in excess of previ ous estimates. In line with the pr-esent policy of speeding up and making eficient all war prepar-ations is the appointment of John D. Rlyan, the copper magnate, as director 'of aircraft product ion for the army and the re-organization of the avintion section of the signal corps. General Squier hereafter wvill dlevote his attention to the administration of signals, and Brig. Gen. William I. Ken ly is made director of a new division of military neronautics. Howard Cof fin retires fronm chairmanship of the nircraft boar-d but remains a member of the ndlvlsory commission of the conneil of national dlefense. Thie reports on the airpilanie situa tion made to the president b~y the Marshall committee and by assistant secretaries of war we-e not made pub lie, but it is admitted that they sub sttiaiited the report of the senate commit tee that the program had coh lapsed., Hoth houses of congress have passed the joint resolution to register for mil itar-y service all males becoming twen ty-one years old since June 5, 1917, The lower house adoptedl an amend ment putting the newly registered mn at the foot of their respective classes and sustained the military committee in refusing to exempt those wvho have entered medhical or (divinity schools since June 5. The Chamberlain 1b111 to turn sedi tionists over to ilitar-y tribunals for trial by court martial met its fate wh'len President Wilson declared his firm oppositiim to it and ether au thorities saidl It was uinconstitutional. It was, of cor-se, introduced because of charges that the department of jus tice hais been lax in combating enemy piropaganda, but these charges are re futed by the department, which ,re lporns it has secured at least 3,900 con victions in the last year, dlespite the lnadhequacy of federal laws against sabotage and disloyal utterances. The numb~er of acquittals has been relative ly small, The senate devoted much time last wveek to (dehating the Overman bill for the co-ordinat ion of govei-nment activ ities andl it gainedl suppoi-ters daily, Senator Clhaimberlain bieing among those who dieclaired lie would v-ote for it, JM opposiing the bill1 Senator SheIs mari of' Illiols fouind opportunity- to make a bitter attack on various mem hers of the cabinet andl~ on George Creel, A JUARTER MiLLION CALLED THIS MONTK EVERY EXISTING CANTONMENT IN THE COUNTRY IS TO BE GREATLY ENLARGED. FIFTEEN BILLION FOR ARMY Over Eight Thousand Men Called, From North Carolina Go to Camp Jackson. Washington.-Simultaneously with the announcement that 232,000 men from 45 states had been called to Join the colors in May, Secretry Baker indicated the scope of the govern ment's plans for increasing its fighting strength by stating that Congress had been asked to appropriate approxi mately $15,000,000,000 for the army for the next fiscal year. That amount is. exclusive of funds provided in the for tifications bill which not only covers 0 coast defenses, but as a rule provides. the bulk of heavy field ordnance. The call for a quarter of a million. men (luring May, goes to all states ex cept California, Oregon and Nevada, which with the District of Columbia already have supplied so large a part of their quota that it was decided not to include them this time. The move ment in most states will begin May 25. and will be completed in five days. By this order the war department abai dons its plan of assembling men in even monthly increments of approxi mately 100,000. Under the original program it was intended to call out not to exceed 860,000 men during 1918. The call for 110,000 in April and 233, 000 this month will bring out in two. months half of the number originally contempfated for the year. Officials made it clear that it is now the pur pose to mobilize all the mon for whom equipment and training facilities can. be provided. Need All Camps. In preparation for this tremendous increase in the army, the hna: mill tary committee was tolu ouay that every existing cantonment in the country will be enlarged and every national guard camp utilized to its full capacity . It is regarded as prob able that some new cantonments must be built, but in the interests of speed and economy of effort and material, pressure will be placed upon expand ingg existing facilities. Ground has already been obtained in the vicinity of several cantonments for the expan sion and details of the new construc tion are being worked out by the gen eral staff. The men called out this mnnt)' vi r be mobilized generally at Ine canton ments to which the men from the -, same states have previously been sent. In many cases they will find the divisions originally c'reatel at those camps gone. Some of the camps will have been converted into renlacemient. divisions, and the new men will be redistributed in accordance with their qualifications. To Fill DIvisIons at Home. It Is regarded as likely that the April and May drafts wvill be used largely to fill up divisions at home while the seasoned personnel from those divisions is sent overseas to fill Eno gaps. Since the number of di Visions on the other side is rapidlyI and steadily increasing, the flow of replacement troops must increase pro portionately. The apportionment among the states of the men called today includle: Alabama, 6,820 to Camp Sevier, * S. C. North Carolina, 8,114 to Camp Jackson, S. C. Pennsylvania, 7,700 to Camp Mead, Md., 4,000 Camp) Lee, Va.; 3,000 Camp H-umphreys, Va.; 2,923 Camp Green leaf, S. C. - South Carolina, 1,900 Camp Jack son, S. C.; 288 Camp Wadsworth, B. C. Tennessee, 4.130 Camp PIke, Ark. Virginia, 6,135 Camp Lee, Va. West Virginia 4,797 Camp Lee, Va. New York, 6,800 Camp Dlx, N. J.; 6,850 Camp Hancock, Ga.; 7.600 Camp Upton, N. Y.; 9,700 Camp Wadsworth, S. C.; 1,380 Camp S3evier, S. C. NEW GERMAN PEACE OFFENSIVE IS EXPECTED Lndon.--In the personal opinion of Lord Robert Cecil, minister of block ade, that failure of Germany's "knock out offensive" on the western front will result in a tig peace offensive, directed mainly against Great Britain and possibly made in an attractive .form, but which will not afford any terms the allies can look at. In this opinion made in a statement, Lord Robert expressed the further belief that the low peace offensive would be largely for German consumption. GERMANS USED UP 44 DIVISIONS IN NORTH London --A representative of Gen oral Radcliffe, director of re try operations at the wrir office - ns up the military situation on ( wet ern front as follows: "Ini the north while the failedl in their main objecti madeo their right flank secure i'y ' capture of. Kemmel, but we nt' gardl the operation from the vion 'ti of economy of men and they usedl u . five divisions from the general eerve