Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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WSON AGAIN IS MADE PEIO 'I,' ADEPESIDENT Chief Executive Inducted Into Office With Due Ceremony. PATRIOTISM MARKS THE DAY Vice President Marshall First Takes the Oath-Imposing inaugural Pa. rade Is Largely Military in its Nature-Flags and illumination. By EDWARD B. CLARK. Wasiigton, Mir(h I. -Wo- Worow Wilson ha beini Inaugurated president of tin' United Stiates for tihe second tme., and Thonas it. Ma risiaill halis cone' into Iis own is vice president of the United Stites for the sc.ni tine iI conilalny with the chief execentive. For several Ilights prior to iti in nuguration, Wiashinasgton wIs it flooi of light. Thousands of Airieen ciizens came to Ithe ('11151tal of thei nI ationl from nil over Ie n Jted SI tos to wi t ins the cerenonies attenditg the it nuguration. 'I'le slintion of ti i(un try it reference to its frit'ign reiatiois sadded inore lan i oieih or serious ness f il a diistiil iti vor (of pit t riot isn to tile en iire procee rfirgs. Washiigton is $1 elty of flags lt IaIl thills, but it beetine (n11 iin es i itv of thtgs one dbay iefore tiae erinoiles sfl lilitugu ration. P'resident Vilson draove front h it- White hlouse to the cipliol with iis wife lat his Side. Tn the cariagev w ith him were two members of the conigress,.ionaii Coln mit tee which hd gemwir:a chiarge of the Ceremonies. and of which Senitor Overtan of Noirth Carlina is chair man. Vic' lreshiit a rshi. with Mrs. Marshall in tie wrIage witlh h11, was ('scored inl like nu nsner' to the (enCpitol. Big Crowds, Many Flags. From nlit early hour the sidewalks wuere crowded with persois waiting to See the president anid "thle Iit aidy of the land" pass niong the avenue to the plaice of the onth-tAicing. All the Windows commanding it view of Penn sylvanini avenue aliso were cri'owded With oilookers. 'Thse re(, wite and blue was everywhere in eviden(e. T11he only foreign flags to he seen in uWash Ington were those flying fronm tile flag poles of the foreign embilssies and legations which, even though they are located in the city of Washington, ire recognized as being foreign territory. Vice President Ma rshall wias resworn Into ollice before the inauguration of the president. The exercises took pince In the seiite chmibteir. 'he legisli. tive day of Miarch .1, so far sas tlia sen ate was concerned. had been continued by recesses until the hour of 12 noon of the calendar Niy Mirch 5. The president pro Iempore of the senate presided at file ceremionies pre ceding tie dt(iisIItlxtering of the ont h to the vice president-elect. 'Tie president of the United States, the imemiiers of the cabinet, ithe foreigin anbassadors and other nItal gu.st scied..... seats WodosWsn in th eaeenbr ttev ..'..ock.the..r...d..nt.pr....mp.r..ad Sttsweesor no lie.Te met4"h ,reat tain f h litenate -wila carry out therde of th 5' mi~snnterfor the 0iin (uat0ion(f ithpres-i dmentitiyaw the tsited tateo. The preshdentelectyMr Mecompanied the thnewl chejusticen ofas t the Unitede, the jicrnicommitei~i~e nsis irrang eets mtee aso"tue jurgstt ias of therm Court, ilcrr sa the foegn rbasderoftand ministe frpepotay the membinna o o iiPes Idtof the ntped se y.h" ve Tepresident-ectr scofates ente the ahoioe memberes of the husenof rfepsentve, precedled by the vfie cers of the house who have just relin quashed office by virtue of the expira tion. of .their terms, and other distin guished guests made their way to the nagrlstand. Ipauguration of the President. The processIon, headed by th'e prest Aioect, wound through the eat sen Ate loor, the iin corrilors of th sepnnte an(1 through ihe rotunda of tie enpitol to the plice set for the onth taking. On reaching f e inaugural stand, Woodrow Wilson took it place dire4tly in front fof Edwird D. White, the chief justiee of tle Unitud States, inil tie chief clerk of the Supreme court, Jaimes 1). Miher. The sergennt at-nrms of tle 8ennlite and the congrew ionial committee on arrangements werL immedintely oi the left of the presi dent. Thel( Vice presidtent, thle assoti lilt. Justliee of the Supreme Court and the(- members of the senate sat upon i1 right. When all were assembled Chief JuTs lice White, having in his right hand the open Bible upon which the hands of mnany former presidelts have rested, Idvilced to Woodrow Wilson an1d adI ministered to him this oath, which is imposed by the (Ionstitution of tlie United States: "You () solenmilly swear that you will faithfully execute the otlice of I'residelit of the United States ind will to the beNst of your ahility, pre serve, protect And1(1 (efenid the Consti tution (if the United States." Woodrow Wilsn 8a(l in a firm voice. "I do,'" Iaid he beeinme for tile necoid t ime president of the United States of Amerien. Thin (he president deliver(d his In augural aiddress 11n1 onl I its conclusion he made his way with Mrs. Wilson to ...... ..... Thomas R. Marshall. his carriag. n.111d ws. driveni slm.owy t 4o tilt' W llte Honse it llt h'tia (f l11-. proevssion formneeili in onor of (lhee in liluguiral 4 111111 ni s. Luncheon Deferred for Parade. III yeatirs paSt thit Preshientiil prt.1 alwa.\s hos entered( thep Witeb Itllus for Iiclion Prior to tie review of th114 parlirde froiml the11 t1and in front of tlt extecutive in l (11anion. Tils luvin lly il thel4 )a1st e1n1sed suich i deln. thalt It was deelded tis year to d14 awvay wvit lh the luicheon feaiture. President Wilson wvith 'Mrs. Wi'lsoni the Vice President anad MrN. larsll,1, ani1d two itembers of his enhinitt wveIt immiiiediate('ly to the little inclosed strue ture, inuchIi l11i snltry box, whichl ha1d b1elen built In the iiiddle of tlt great grandstand in front of (lt' Wh'iite House an1d fron whlceb the chief ex-. cutive viewed the paraders. It was the gra'vity of the situation in connection with our foreign affairs which' gave to the inaugural ceremio nies t heir ser'ioun tone and1( Patriiotic fe'aturesn. The parade of the (lay was largely military in its nturiie, nllthougli there were ini the processioni many~i bodien which In a sense mighit he snil to repire'sent thie spirit of lindustrial~ prepai~r4dness of thle Uni tedl St aten for anyl e'venItuality which mlight (come. Make-up of the Procession. At the forefront of the parade~l4 asI it left the capitol we're, of (course(, the4 prsesidlent and1( the v'lee prienlttit of the United( Staites wvith thielr gutardls of hionior. Major General 1I~ighi L. Scott. '. S. army, wasi thlit girand~ sarshal o)f the ot'cnlsin. George IH. Linikisns was t' imn rnhal of the' civie orIganiza.etionsm wlehcl toitk part in the miaring cere laimediately preceding the ca;rriages oif the4 preshlnienthlit and4 i(( vleeresi den (in1 part ies nd 11(f ('ol. lloherI N. I 1nr-I li(r, innomn~iii t'ihniira, was the fa moitus Uited Staltes' oitine hand14.Th presieni't hiad s his guaird of honors Ite squiadroni of te S'condtl Uniteid Stten cavalry. The Vice P'residenit anid Mirs. Mart i nhal 11were' escted~ b'lhy thle inck I 1iorse trio~op oif (te (iver 11llii tary naem'iy. Iniana,11 ft'e stte of whlichl thle vlIee presilenit and14 his wift are naitivyen The' West Point cndets and14 te Ana napjolis endets4' too0(k pariit In thet proces 8sin. Tn addition tto theset younig nol dIers'01( anailoi' organizatIions tere was as largte a represenitat iont of It' foirt'es of the Unite'd State as11 properly 'ou~ild he spared fromi post andi gairrinon duty. In aidditioni there were troo0p2 fromii Delaiwa re. P'ennsylvanina, New .Tersey , Maryland. Virginia, andl nsme oter staites of the Union repr''eenting (lit Nationial Guard.' A patriotic and1( plcturesque' featurr of the ceremionies attesndinig the iniau gurationi was suipplied( by (lie rapidly thinining raniks of the Grand Army of the Itepublic. In years past the noV die'rs of the war between the state~s have made the entire lengthi of the line of mnarch, but this year the distanice whlich they -tramped was shiortenied. They added to the picture of (lie pa rad~o as they moved by the presidesitial reviewing stand wvith their 01(d flags above them. At night Washington was nsgiow with firteworks and with the combined effects of gas and electric light illumni nations. In addition searchlights show~ed the heavens here 'nd there, and one great shaft of light illumi nated the apex of the Washington monument while another lighted up and brought 1ato bold relief the dome of the capitol. - PRESIDENT 'HAS NO AUTHORITY TO ARM MERCHANT. SHIPS SUCCESSFUL FILIBUSTER BY STONE, LAFOLLETTE AND FEW OTHERS. ARMED NEUTRALITY BILL DEFEATED BY FILIBUSTER Dramatic Scenes Enacted in Senate Chamber at Closing Session Continu ing Throughout 26-Hour Session to Adjournment at Noon Sunday. Washington.--Presid en t Wilson in formed the country, in a statement. that he may be without power to arm merchant ships and take other steps to meet the German submarine me nace, in the absence of authority from Congress .An extra session of Congress, the President says. is required to clothe him with authority, but it is useless to call one while the Senate wori under the present rules which pirmit a small minority to keep an ovc r whelming majority from acting. The President proposed, therefore, that the special session of the Senate, which he called to meet Monday, re vise the rules "to supply the means of act ion and save the country from dis aster." "A little group of wilful men." says the President inl his statement. "rep resenting no opinion but their own. have rendered the gpreat Government of the Inited States helpless and con templible." The President's statement in full followVS: "The termination of the last session of tie Sixty-fouithi Congress by con stitutionai limitation discloses a sit nation unparalleled in the histo-y of tle country, perhaps unparalleled in the listor-y of any modern Govern ment. In the immediate presence of a crisis fraught with more subtle and far-reaching possibilities of National danger than 'any other the Govern ment has known within the whole history of its international relation3, the Congress has been unable to act either to safeguard the country or to cindiente the elementary rights of its citizens. '.'More than 500 of the 531 mem bers of the two houses were ready and anxious to act; the House of tepresenttives had acted by an over whelming majority, but the Senate was unable to act because a little group of eleven Senators had deter mined that it should not. "The Senate has no rles by which debate can be limitet or brought to an end, no rules by whicb dilatory tactics of any kind can be pirevented. IA single memnber- can stand in the way of action if he have but the phy sical endunrance. The result in this c-ase is a complete paralysis alike of the legislative and executive branches of the Government. "This inability of the Senate to a.ct has rendered sonme of the most nec essary legislation of the session im possible, at a time when the need for it was most pressing and most evi (lent. The hill, wvhich would~ have pe mitted such combinat ions of capital *andl of organization in the export and import trade of the (countr-y as the cir cumstant(es of international comnpeti tion have made imperative--a bill which the business judgment of the whole coun try approved and dtemand ed-- -hits railed. Other Measures Lost. Thelu. opposit ion of one or two Sen itors hits madet ( it. impsi bl5ihe to it1 crease the mnenmbership of the inter state (Commer-ce (onmmission or to give it thle alt ereid orgn iza tion nec essary foir its efficieniey. The conse vat ion bill, wvhich should havye r'eleas ed for tnmmei a te use thle inerctal ire sources which are -;till locked up in the public lands, now that their re lease is more imper-ativ-ely necessary thatn ever. and the bill which would have mad.' the tinused wvaterpower of the -ouintruy immediately available for ind~ustr-y have both failed, though they have beeitnuder -consideration throughout the sessions' of two Con gr-esses and hnve been twice passed byThe Huse of liepresentatives. "Teappr'opriiations for the Army have failedl, along wvith the appropria tions for the civil establhthment of the Government, the appr-opriations for the Military Academy at Weost Point, and the general dleficiency bill. -"It has proved impossible to extend the powers of the shipping board to meet the special needs of the new situ ation into which our commerce has been forced, or to increase the gold re serve of our national banking system to meet the unusual circumstances of the existing financial situation. ,"It would not cure the difficulty to call the Sixty-fifth Congress in extra ordinary session, The paralysis of the Senate would remain. The purpose and the spirit of action are not lack ing now. The Congress is more defi nitely united in though't and purpose at this nioment, I venture to say, than it has been within the memory of any man now in its memebership. There is not only the most united patriotic purnose, but the objects members have In view are perfectly clear and ~ definite. "But the Senate cannot act unless its leaders can obtain unanimous consent. "Its majority is powerless, helpless. Crisis of Peril. "In the midst of a crisis of extra ordinary peril, when only definite and decided action can make the nation safe or shield it from war itself by the aggression of others, action is im possible. "Although, as a matter of fact, the' Nation and the representatives of the Nation stand back of the Executive with unprecedented unanimity and spirit, the impression made abroad will, of course, be that it is not so, and that other Governments may act as they please without fear that this Government can (1o anything at all. "We cannot explain. The explana tion is incredible. "The Senate of the United States is the only legislative body in the world which cannot act when its majority is ready for action. "A little group of wilful men, rep resenting no opinion but their own, have rendered the great Government of the t'nited States helpless and cou temiptible. "The remedy? That is but on-3 remedy. The only remedy is that the rules of the Senate shall be so altered that it can act. The country can be relied upon to draw the moral. I be lieve that the Senate can be relied on to supply the nicans of action and save the country from disaster." Power Nullified. At the same tIime the President authorized the further statement that what reneedered tle situation even more grave tha n it had beeni supposed (lat it was. was tihe discovery that. while tihe President under his general Constitutional powers could (10 much of what'he had asked tile Congress to empower hit to do. it had been found that there were certain old statutes as yet ulrepealed which may raise in superable practical obstacles and may nullify his power. The old law referred to by the President was adopted by Congress in 1819. and referred to the resistance of American merchantmen against the attacks of privateers and pirates, but excluded from vessels which might be so attacked "a public armed vessel of a nation in amity with the United States." Technically, Germany is not at war with the United States and submarines are "public arned vessels" of Gar many. TWELVE SENATORS DEFEAT VOTE ON NEUTRALITY BILL PRESIDENT WILSON INFORMS COUNTRY IN A STRONG STATEMENT. "In the Midst of Crisis of Extraordin. ary Peril" Few Members of Senate Hold Up Action on Legislation so Needed and Desired by President. Washington.--Twelve Senators, led t by Senator LaIollette and encouraged c by Senator Stone, Democratic chair- s man or the Foreign Relations Comm1i. I tee, in a filibuster denounced by Pres. dl idlent Wilson's spokesmen as the most rep~rehensible in the history of any C civilized nation, defied the will of an I overwhelming majority in Congress I up to the last minute, and denied t the President a law authorizing him to arm American merchant ships to 1 meet the German submar'ine menace. f I'nyielding throughout the 26 hours i1 of 'onltinumous session to appeals that h t heir defianc'e of the President woul I a be humiliating to the country; uncom- c pr'omising inl a crisis described to them n ats thme most ser'ious to the nation o simnce (lhe Wam' Betwveen the States, La-.1 Pollette andl his group of supporters a refused a majority of their colleagues b an opportunity to vote on the armed r, Ieut rality bill. and it (lied with the Sixty-fouthl Congress. To fix respou- a sihility before the country, 76 Sen ators. 30o Repumblicans and 46 Demo. ('rats'. signedl a manifesto proclaiming to the w~old~ that they favored pas- r sage of the measure. This dleclaration, embodied in the record of the Senate, referred to the fact that the 1-ouse Thursday night had passed a similar biU by a vote I of 403 to 13. and also recited that the Senate rule permiting unlimited de bate gave a small minority oppor tunity to throttle' the will of the ma. jority. Text of Manifesto. The text of the manifesto is na follows:t2 "The majority of United States Senators favored the passage ofth, Senate bill authorizing the Presi (lent of the Untited States to arm American merchant vessels, a similar bill having already passed the Hloure by a vote of 403 to 13.1 "Under the rules of the Senate al lowing dlebate, it appears to be im possible to obtain a vote previous to 1 noon March 4, 1917, when this session 1 of Congress expires. We desire the 4 statement entered on the record to establish the fact that the Senate fav- I oredl the legislation, and would pass it if a vote could be obtained." Thirteen Senators declined to sign the declaration, but one Senator, Pen rose, Republican, of Pennsylvania, an. nlounced that he wou'd have voted for the bill had opportunity been of fered him. The 12 who went on record with the 13 members of the House 1 agaat granng to Pre.ide.t Wisn.. L.EADER OF SUCCESS FILIBUSTER. IN SENATE. C1i X Ch tol tei jth ____________________ra ROBERT M. LAFOLLETTE. of he authority in the crisis were: Republicans -- Clapp. Minnesota P'umnmuins. Iowa: Cronna, North D-u kota;', enyn, Iowa; ILaollet t. Wi - I r-onsin; Norris. Nebraska; WVorksl., :ulifornl-ia-7. )emovrats-irby. Arkansas; Lane, tc Oregon. O'Gorman. New York: Stone, eI Missouri; Vardanma n, Mississippi---5. n 79 Senators Sign Manifesto. The 761 Se'nators who signed the tU manifesto were: al Democrats - Ashurst, lankhead. al Beckham, Uroussard. rlryan, Cham )erlain, Chilton, Pletcher, Hardwick. pi iitchcock, Hollis, Hughes, Husting, Faimes. Johnson, South Dakota; Kern, t)1 ,ea. Lee, Lewis, Martin, Virginia; hi Jartine. New Jersey; Myers, New- p, ands, Overman, Owen, Phelan. Pit!. )o nan. Pomerene, Ransdell, Reed. Iob- m nson. Saulsbury. Shafroth, Sheppard. shields. Simmons, Smith. Georgia; ;mitlh. Maryland; Smith, South Caro ia; Swanson. Thomas, Thompson, er Pillman, Underwood, Walsh and Wil- ga iams. a Republicans-Borah, Brady, Dran- dc legee, Catron, Clark, Colt, Curtis. illingham, Dupont. Fall, Fernald, pi Elardkni Jones. Lodge, McCumber, lcLean. Nelson, Oliver, Page. Poin. lexter. Sherman, Smith, Michigan; E, Smoot, Sterling, Sutherland, Town ,end, Wadsworth, Warren, Watson ind Weeks. Of the seven Senators not record- a id. three, Gallinger and Goff, Repub- B ians, and Gore, Democrat, were , ibsent on account of sickness. Sen ttors Lippitt, Republican, and John 'on, of Maine, and Smith of Arizona, ho )emocrats, were absent from the city. 5enator Culberson, Democrat, did not W -each the Senate in time to be record d. gr Dramatic Close. 47 Hours before the end, Senators who ought throughout the night to break own the filibuster conceived a way thi a thwart LaFollette's plans to oc- c upy the center of the legislative th tage at the dtimax of the bitter fight, to ts execution brought the session to a ph, ramatic end, with LaFollette fight- to ig for a chance to deliver a speech pi4 n which he had worked many days, le saw friends of the doomed legis ition Inflict the death blow he plan-.l ed. Instead of LaFohlette, Senator fitchcock, leader of the majority in ) mvor of the bill, talked out the wan- Ch ig hours of the session, He timed in is opportunity to the minute Sen- mnE tor LaFollette entered the Senate to bamber shortly after 9 o'clock in the pr< orning, prepared to take the center mt the stage for the last act of the Pri agedhy. When the moment he had ly iosen arrived, he addressed the chair, coi ut Senator Hitchcock prevented his of 3cognition- the The forensic struggle which en- I Lied seldom if ever had been eqtualled in the history of the Senate. Voices int 'ere strained to shrieking, and pa ireatening fists were shaken at the Pr residing officer while the crbwded oor and galleries looked on breath- thi masly. But the incident soon passed hr rithout violence. The chair recog. Pr ized Senator Hitchcock and LaFol. en ette's opportunity was snatched away. 1c3 Tense Moments. The closing moments of the session M vere tense and impressive. Ten minu es before the end, Senator Hitchcock ad made his last appeal for unani nous consent for a vote on the bill. laFollette objected, The Nebraska by 3enator, prefacing his closing remarks10 rith a portion of President Wilson'a t Ilddress to Congress asking for the ai mnthority aboumt to be decnied, solemnl laid: -l 11 "It is unfortunate and deplorable ~ hat 12 men in the Senate of the an Jnited States have it in their power to 1k lefeat the will of 75 or 80 mn mbers >y one of the most reprehensible fill- Al >uaters ever recorded in the history if any civilized country," Senator Hitchcock paused while uin words echoed through the chamn uer. LaFollette stolidly glared to. Ai yard the Nebraskan, who presently Fh dded that perhaps he should apol- Ge >gize for the violence of his words. Ce] 'i'You are perfectly safe," La~ol- en' otte returned without rising from his sai hair. "No one can answer you' ba< No one did, for the hour of noon gr4 ad struck, and the Sixty-fourth Con- dol Teas was ended. ed 1II.SON TAKES OATH OF OFFICE FOR SECOND TIME. .AFFIRM PLEDGE TO UPHOLD DONSTITUTION OF THE UNIT. ED STATES. :REMONY AMID MUCH WORK. lef Justice Clark Administered Oath.. -After Which President Kissed Bible and Was Warmly Greeted By Dabinet Members. Washington. - President Wilson >k the oath of office for his second ni at noon Sunday in his room - ('apitol. aid wias formally inaug. Id lontday with public cerenion lecting at great national expres. Anericanii. lefore a desk piled with I'xecutivo siiess laid before him in the clos K hours of ('ongress. and surrounded ieimbers of his official family. thw sident reaffirimed with iplift-i ld and grave features his promise uphold the Constitution in whateve'r isis may confront the nation in the oimentous four years before it. After ho had repeated the oath ken first by Washington a centurv id a quarter ago, he kissed the Bible the passage reading: "The Lord is our refuge; an ever esent help in time of trouble." Chief Justice White administered e oath and was the first to extend s . congratlulations. Wringing t li esident.'s hand. the Chief Jusiice )ked fervently into his face a mo nt. and said brokenly: "Mr. President. I am very, very ppy." Members of the Cabinent thi. Dwded up with expressions of r rd. Mr. Wilson received them w' smile, and then turned back to h sk to complete his interrupted tas. - tESIDENT URGES VOTES FOR TENNESSEE WOMEN thorts Tennessee Legislature to R' consider.-Cites Party Pledge. Washington.-President Wilson Iel. raphed the president of the Tennes e senate expressing an earnest hope at the vote by which that body kill a woman suffrage bill a few days :v would be reconsidered. The measure already had passed the wver house of the legislature and the esident said lie felt the upper house is shirking a moral responsibility ten it refused to accept it. The tele am follows: [on. W. R. Crabtree, "President of the Tennessee Senate: 'May I not express my earnest hope t the senate of Tennessee will re nsidler the- vote which it rejected legislation extending the suffrage women? Our party Is so dlistincetly dged to its passage that It seems me the moral obligation is comn te. "Woodrow Wilson." IINESE CABINET VOTES BREAK WITH GERMANY. 3ekng.-The Cabinet decidedl that ina should join the United States breaking off relations with Ger- 4 .y. This decision was submitted the President, who refused to ap ive the Cabinet's action, saying .ch power rested entirely with him. 3mier Tutan Clhi Jul Tsin immedate-. resignedl and left for Tien Trsin, ac npanied by several other members the Cabinet. The resignation of I entire Cabinetn is expected. ~arliament is virtually unanimous favor of the the opinion of the C'ab t. The leadlers of ali the politic'al 'ties are adversely critic'ising t he asident's position. ~n official statement issued from President's office says that the ak between the President and the amier we adue to personal differ en rather than to the foreign pol- 4 )ON RESOLUTION IS SIGNED BY PRESIDENT. Washington. --- President Wilson ;ned the Moon resolution adopted Senate and House, which post nos~ until July 1 the effectiveness of lIquor amendments to the postal proprliationi bill. Tfhese amendments shibit the shipping of ah-oholic unors into states which preCvent their mnufacture and sale and c'los'e the lited States mails to neOwspIpers or y publications or cards carrying tier advertisements. dIBASSADOR FLETCHER CONFERS WITH FIRST CHIEF. 2uadalajara.--The newly appointed serican ambassadlor, Henry P. steher, presented is credenttas to n. Carranza and after the formal -emony hadl a long personal confer 30 with the first chief. The ambas lor was escorted to the palace and ak by a troop of cavalry. He wras toted with a ruffle of drums and Bi irish of trumpets and the band play. "The Star Spangled Banner.'