Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HOV 'TO CHOOSE P1 DUCTION OF Ei Characteristics of Chickens Th General Purpose Breeds-' Plymouth Rock Mo, Breeds of poultry can be conveni ently divided into two classes: (1) the egg breeds, a.nd 2) the general purpose breeds. This division is like that of cattle into beef and dairy types, and of horses into light and heavy classes. In the egye broets of poultry the priniary requirement is the produc tion of a great au mbher of eggs of stniulard size. The fowis are not. ex pee'tedl to he prim- table specimens, but :ey must lay throughout the year. exc'ept when t:hey have to rest and re:et ipc.tite. 'hey do not sit and 1a:ch ictses and t hey lay white s:e,l t 1s. The more popular egg bet',is ire I ag hornis. \li no'cas, An. co:tts and t'anpineg.. The. most popu lar ir:e"ty of these breeds is the Sit ge ) Comb \hte I .ehorn. A111 lae t:: 1ar:i are stocked with White le tIiortn pullets and hens, be-anstse it is pe-rm-ile to obtain brteedintg ste inl this variety that has I:eed lines of heavy egg produc t.ion 1h:nd : l'iahets from a heavy laying :nain are hotter layers than pullet s of no special breeding. r. Ct : C"E Ed7,' 105-$!Ti'SEX, lie'~ can one detect heavy laying -hara-teriti in a mature pullet or hen? Notice the illustration of the egg type hen. Note how her body resem bles the wedge shape of the dairy cow. Narrow and trim at her neck and wide and deep at the rear, she has the greater part of her body be hind her leg,. A good layer has a large, soft, tiexible rear end, drop ping down between tier legs and so wide that the legs are set far apart to accorin inodate It. The rear end of the hen corresponds to the udder of the dairy cow and must he large and yield yJ ing, not small and hard. D[STROY CORN STUBBl.[ Farmers Can Reduce Damage from Corn Stalk Borer by Turning Under Stubble in Fall. Corn st tubbh- shouc no t h1le al lowedl to mindi in the 111ld al winiter undis tiue-d. The earnt statlk hoer is onie of the "rteason' for this. Ttlis Insect is one of? the inieM ct n o~tiu eorni posts oif th, S'outh aitd evidentce of its work can lhe seeni in pr~actic-ally any coin fielId at hiarv.at timne. It is the caus tioef thle holes that may occur In any lportion of a stalk. The (coln st alk boreri renmalins as a larmt, or worm, ini thea bae of corn Stubble benieathi the grouendl dtiring the witer. Farmners do thlis Insect a greaut favori, thiiero eore. whteni they3 let their corn st ubbl e st andi u nd istutrbeed in the tielId dur'ing fall and winter. Dest roy in g corii stuthbbl Ia not very easy, ex cept on mtodertnly etnuIpped farmna where thtere Is nutirientt horse power and1( thei sitibltle can be turit ed under4' thi ooughlIy. Th le-re Is, t here tore, sonie temptitat Ion to leave it un dbaturbedl. iBut the adv\antaiges of turn~ng stubble are .ich thliia a tilt er enmot well alord hi to do i ttrning it uinder helpes very munch in roducing the corn st alk borer for the inext seasqon. Where thorough turning cannot he 'pra~c.tic(d, 'there are other methiogln such as "buisting out" the stubble aind 'hauling It to the compost heap for rot ting. 'By anotheor method, after the corn Is gathered, stalks, atubble, and everything else may be "bus~ted out' taked into heaps aiid, after a few Weeka for drying, burned. In expe~ri. mtentali work a very large percentagi et corn 8talk borer larvae (wormis) was destroyed duing winter where the stubble was plowed out aitd left exposed to the weather. But whoa these methods are prat ticed 1by farmers only here and there dt will not htelp the situtation ver: mnuch, The control of the corn stall * borer depends upon the ooperativ, action of the farmers of a omnt The f'act must also be borne mind ,that it is an extMvagant yr (ice to let corn fields lie idle and e, posed during the winter months,n only on account of these insect post but aleo on account of the 1088 fro 'waahing and leaching of soils. A. F. CdNR.ADI, lrofesorof Enomology, GeV.Ariutm clee JULTRY FOR PRO I GO TABE FOLS at Make Them Good Laying or White Leghorn and Barred it Popular Varieties. A simple test of a good layer is to measure the distance from the two pelvic bones (one on each side of the vent) to the rear end of the breast bone. This distance should be as wide as four fingers when the hen is lay ing. When the hen has this depth and is also wide across her rear it proves that she has an abundance of room to manufacture eggs constantly and par ticularly the egg shells, which are formed in this part of her body. Such a hen will lay well when properly cared for. liens with a small distance between the pelvic bones and rear of breast bone and tight or unyielding rear body are not good layers. Put hands on the lees of your layers and note how many consecutive days they lay without resting. That will show how long each hen can maintain her egg flow an dthe better layers are those which can continue laying for longer periods. &M'ER AL PURF1A 77PE. 1 e s B c&s srrt~~rt~r The general purpose breeds have bern selected primarily for the pro luction of table poultry. They are a~so g:ood layers of brown-shelled eggs. l'hey hatch their chicks and are the nost satisfactory for those who want >ne flock of purebred chickens for )oth meat and egg purposes. The nore popular of the general purpose >reeds are Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Isl tnd Reds, Wyandottes and Orpingtons rho most popular variety is the Bar ed Plymouth Rock. This is recog ilzed as the best chicken for market is it is large and well-meated and fat ens profitably when confined in >rates. FRANK C. HARE, Extension Poultry Husbandman, Clemson Agricultural College. 10 NOT N[GL[CT TOOLS Farmers Suffer Large Losses by Fail ure to Care for Implements That Are Not in Use. The farmer who puts away his farm machiinery without oiling andl clean init is certi in to lose in the dote riora'tioin of the machinery many times what the t ime to (are for It wvould havo been worth. Failure to take care of farm nmachinery Is a source of large loss to the American farmor annually. .\ost farmers realizec that they would save mnoney by taking goodl care of their' machi ines, but ntegi ect to (10 so. either through carelessness or In di fference. The most importan.t step towardl having efficlent machinery is keepinig it in good repair. In spare time, each machine should ho care oilly ins peed ( andl all iIssinag, broken or overwornt parts noted. WrIte the n amtes a n nmbers of iiissinag parts oni tags and~ fasten thlese tags to the tchm e. .\ll machines shiould have a general maphertiom at least once a year. A rainy day In late fall Is very good for Exposure to wveather Injures both woodlen andl metal parts of maclilnes and a machinery shed should 'by all means he0 part of the farm equip ment. IEvery machine should be clean ed, oiled, and housed after It h'ae been used. *PaintIng aids grea-t-ly In Improving the appearance and prolonging the lifo of mnachines. It protects bo0th wood and metal from the weathier. Paint should be used freely when needed, One of the hest paints for all farni Implements is made with red lead and linseed oil. IThe use of good farm implements i Increasing rapidly in Houth Carolim and farmers owe It to themselves (4 h le more careful of their tools. In th4 .year that haa gone, they have learnel a somne important -lessons in economy 5. but there is probably no more rat4 t- cat Way in which a farmer catn econc ye mize'than by takIng the proper car e, of his farm impiemiets--repairin m them, oiling them, houeing them, an1 painting them. 9iDNEiY B. RITTI~nwuERG, iAo0##ra4 Publicist, 'SOUTH CAROUNA CAN RAISE MULES Unnecessary for State to Sent Away Large Sums for This Product Annually. BIG DRAIN ON RESOURC[S Money Now Spent For Mules Would Purchase Good Draft Mares Fron Which to Obtain Mules-Points on Care of Mare and Colt-Home Raised Mules as Good as Any. The tronendous outlay for mnueIC power on the farm can be eliminated to a large extent in South Carolina. Already a considerable number of far mers in the state are raising their mules at home and if this policy is adopted by all the state's farmers, the large annual (train on the state's re sources for this product will be stopped. Invested in brood mares, the amount usually spent for mules would purchase large, well-bred draft mares of the right type for producing mules. The cost of raising mule colts on the farm to an age at which they can be put to work is about $90 each, when even every item in the process is charged against him. This amount sounds large, but the fact is that most of it is charged against things that are not missed on the average farm, since the colt can be developed large ly on pastures and products of the farm that would probably not be mar keted in any other way. Mares selected for mule raising should be of draft type, with quality, and should weigh about 1,400 pounds, though smaller mares are used with good results for producing mules of light weight. If mares are bred to foal in fall, when work on the farm is usually lighter and fall pastures are good, they need lose very little time during the year from their work in the field. Light work is beneficial to a brood n.are even up to the time of foaling, and the resultant colt is stronger and more thrifty because of it, provided the mare has been proper ly nourished with succulent feed for a few weeks before foaling. The average period of gestation, or time between service and foaling, Is about 340 days or 11 months, although this varies somewhat in both direc tions. With this information, a farm er can have his mare foal at about the proper time. The pregnant mare's grain ration should be proportioned to the amount of work she does. About three weeks before foaling, wheat bran should be added to her feed, the proportion of this being graxlually increased and other grain proportions decreased as foaling time approaches. Her food should be altogether free of moldy grain or woody fodaer or straw. An essential point is to give the mare in foal a large, roomy box stall, A fte~r foaling, mares should rest for about two weeks before being put back at work. Give the mare and her colt as much pasturage as possible. with the addi tion of bran and grain wvhile the colt is young. Care and attention are es sential to mature the colt to proper size and grain should beC given to It regularly with its pasturage or clean hay. Do not let a colt follow its mother on the road or in the field. Do not let a colt suck while the mare is overheat (ed. Always let the mare cool off firsnt. Tihat nmls ca~n be raised profit ably- in South Carolina has been dem onstrated by several farmer~s in the state, who save the expenditure usual. by madel for mule power and claim for the honme-raised mule many advan taxes over its imported competitor. Write to0 Sidney S. Rilttenberg, (Cem sonm College, for ain itemized statement of a comparison of mare and mule. JOHIN 0. WILLIAMS, Liv estock Denmonstrathi~n Agent, C'lemson Agricultural College, LETTERS TO CLEMSON, In seeking information or help fron1 Clemison College, farmers should ad dress the expert or oflcer in whosi line the point in question is, when ever possible. This will avoid delays which are sometimes costly, This ii especially true of such matters as in sect Pests, plant diseases and anima diseases, which can spread so rapidly In outbreaks of hog cholera, farmeri should either communicate immnediate ly with the county demonstratiot agent or with the veterinary divisiom of Clemson College, Merely addres, ing the college will get a letter to it goal eventually, but sometimes delay which are dangerous come about. I Iis a good plan for a farmer to kee one of the experiment station bulletin always at hand, as in the front c each of these bulletins will be foun the experiment station staff, whic ,will serve as a directory to any on -wishing to write to the college for ii - formation. Thesumer of 1915 wan the moe succeAssful for silo-building that Sout Carolina has ever had, Trhere is mut yet to be done in this line, howeve and it is to be hoped that this year .raeord will ha fa. -rm e.... nC SINWfNATONAL SUNDAYSCIoOL LESSON - (By 10. 0. SELERS, Acting Director ol the Sunday School Course, the Moody Biblo Institute, Chicago.) LESSON FOR OCTOBER 24 ELISHA'S HEAVENLY DEFENDERS. LESSON TEXT--II Kings 6:8-23. GOL1DEN TEXT--The angel of Jehovah encampeth round about them that fear hint, and delivereth then.-Ps. 34:7. A map Is useful in teaching this lesson. The events occurred during the revolution which resulted in the extermination of Jezebel and her brood. Dothan, a small walled town, was about ten miles north and slight ly east of Samaria, the capital of Israel, and in history is connected with Joseph (Gen. 37). Damascus was the capital of Syria. I. Danger, vv. 8-13. Jehoram, king of Israel, cleaved to the sins of Jero boam and of Ahab, his father. In Judah, Jehoram, the son of Jehosha. ghat, married Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. General Jehu, famous for his driving, was soon to become king of Israel. The king of Assyria, being otherwise engaged, al lowed Syria, the constant enemy of Israel, to make a fresh attack unhin4 dered (v. 8). Elisha, the patriot, the "man of God," proves to be Israel's real safety. Elisha has not left us great revelations like Isaiah and other prophets, but he knew from day to day God's will, and he has power with him so that he could warn his people of impending danger. He had what the king and the people both lacked, a vision of God. He saw the needs and dangers, but also the re sources at his command. Thus he de livered Isreal many times (v. 10). We, too, are thus frequently delivered, let us praise God. The underying reason for Israel's danger was its neglect of the word of God, and the same can be said as explaining the defeat of the Syrians. True patriotism combines vision and warning. The king of Syria, like countless other despots, knew not friend from foe, but evident ly he had one retainer who told him the truth (v. 12). Some have sug gested that this was Naaman; per haps it was a captive Israelite. In either case it suggests God's knowl edge of us. (See Ps 139:1-10.) II. Defense, vv. 14-18. It was not a mere guerrilla detachment sent to Do. than to capture Elisha before making the main attack upon Samaria, but a I well-officered army. Elisha meant more to them than did the king of Israel. The servant of Elisha had risen early and saw only the hills surrounding Dothan, upon which was "a host with horses and chariots round about the city" (v. 15), and in consternation he exclaims: "Alas, my master, how shall we do?" Again we are impressed with the vision of Elisha and the lack of it on the serv ant's part. Elisha saw what the serv ant could not see; walking by faith ho was not affrighited (JIohn 14.1; Phil. 4: 6, 7; Isa. 12:2; Ps. 56.3). In re sponse to Elisha's prayer the servant's eyes were opened, yet lhe was not one whit more safe than before (v. 17). It is a striking contrast here with the Elisha of chapter 2:10. It is a sug gestion of the Christian anointed by the Holy Spirit andl that of the saved sinner before that experience. Our Ieyes need to b)e opened to see that "they that be with us are more than they that be with them" (v. 16). Iii. Deliverance, vv. 19-23. In the first section we are taught the danger of a lack of vision, in the second see ti on the emphasis is upon the need of a visioni, whereas in this there is presentedl the use of a vision. To crystallize vision into exp~erience is a difmcult task for pis all. Elisha prayed Jehovah, for whom he was acting, to smite the Syrians with blindness. This was not for vengeance, but (a) to teach the Syrians who the true God is (b), to lead Jehor'am, the king, to go to Jehovah for help, and (c) to de liver the people from the raids of the Syrians, This word "blindness" (v. i8) conveys the idea of dazzling, visual bewildlerment. hallucination and not of total loss of sight, thuns making teayfor Elisha to lead them as he willd(.19). Mentally bewildered asa ieslt of their physical ailment they failed to recognize the prophet. Hie did not deceive them, for they at last "found him" when he led them into Samaria and once more they could see. Within the walls of Samaria Elisha's prayer is again answered, their sight restored (v. 20) and they find themselves at the mercy of Is rael's king. The older and wiser man -Elisha, forbids the younger, the king, 'to use his advantage (vv. 21 22), but rather to heap coals of fire upon their -heads by setting,. before them food (Rom, 12: 20, 21): within his Power, ' such acts could not be attributed to t fear. 2 There are hero presented three prn-. a cipal ifessons, '(1) The foolishness pf Reeking to ii circumvent Glod or of thwarting his hi Purposes. 0(2) The protecting care God is con *' Stantly exercising over those who put their trust in him, and in liis bound less resources. it (3) Trhe lesson of making the right h use of prayer and the answers Which h we receive, and to be Anagnanitnous r, to our enemies, 's God hlonored Ellisba's prayer beocge r' ElieIa acted according to God's Word AMA4 KATAPTNtC ~d*ft GDEEN MYSTERY impinges upon mystery from the very first installment of this re markable story * By the author of "The Leavenworth Case" With a mysterious house secluded behind a high !*fence and a tangle of shrubbery, with a mysterious old recluse occupying It, with many mysterious iipeople coming and going, with a mysterious mur der occurring early in its course, and with the hunt for the murderer soon in full 'Cry, the reader is treated to a series of unusual sensations, with a climax that is startling and unexpected. 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