Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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FARMER Ma The Need For Rural Credits or Cheaper Money , t , ?? i II A Ringing Message by ti, S. Mobley, President of the Arkansas Slate Farmer's Union, tout One of tte Clearest Thinkers Among Leaders of Organized Farmers. There is a difference between com- There is the exact point in it, and | merdai banking and agricultural that is the reason agriculture has to banking-a great difference. In Amer- pay the enormous interest that lt lea we do not recognize lt, but in the does, and that ls the reason the bank older countries of the world it ls re- er can not lend as he ought to do, or cognized, plainly recognised. It is maybe as a lot of them would like to written in their political and finan- do, to the man who ls farming. Then clal history, that agriculture can not this drives the man who ls farming live under the same system of finance to go to the merchant for his flnan that commerce and manufactures can clal resources, and In the South of the and I am going further and say to men who have raised cotton, almost ?rou that there has never been a time 80 per cent, of them have raised that n the history of agriculture when ag- cotton, not oq bank finances, but on riculture was forced to maintain it- the supply merchant's finances; not self under the same system of banking on th eenormous 10 to 12 per cent, in and finance as commerce and mann- terest, but on the yet more enormous factures that it has progressed. I 50 to 200 per cent, profit demanded by Hence other countries than ours the time merchant. That ls the condl have evolved and had in operation tor tlon our farmers are in today, and years many and varied different sys- that is the condition they will stay In terns of agricultural finance, separate until the statesmen of this. country entirely at practically all points from wake up and realize that these men their financial and from their manu- in the woods are not the greenhorns facturlng finances. They haye rural that thev^ are' supposed to be; that credits' abd then they have their com- they do know tho necessities of their merdai banks which carry commerce lives; that they do ?now these de and manufactures. They have their mends, and then look backward to the agricultural banks tthat carry the in- experience of the countries from vestments and the personal credits of which we come and acknowledge that the agricultural classes, and the ag- we are 200 to 800 years behind the ricultural classes have their equality times with regard to right dealing of integrity and opportunity to deal with agriculture, among themselves, and lt is so regu- And when you como to do that you lated that one man has but very lit- are going to give the United States of tie opportunity to take advantage of America a separate system of agricul- ! the other mon, and so men Of equal tural finance. Ton can call lt rural ability deal with each other and the credits, or whatever you please, but lt consequence is that fairnea sexists. will mean that you are giving the In America we have been compelled backing of the United States govern to try to carry on the great occupa- ment to Initiate and put Into opera tion of farming by dealing with com- tlon in the United Sutes a govern niercial banks co do that farming, ment rurel credit law that will let the Now lt is a known fact that In mod- man without commercial experience ern times agriculture will not pay and education deal with the banking over 5 per cent on the Investment, institution of which, he ia a living, ? oed yet in the South we are paying at vital part, and deal without all of the least 10 to 15 per cent for our finan- cards being stacked against him by clal assistance and we are getting but reason of the superior intelligence UttJe of thst assistance from the com- and ability of the man with whom he merdai banka We are paying any- deals. > where-now listen to me, for I am We had It proved to us in the meet telling you the truth-we are paying tn g with the secretary of the tress anywhere from 60 to 200 per cent for ury and the Federal reserve board, in commercial backing, on a business Washington, that the commercial sys that scientifically ls ssld and accepted tem can not finance the agricultural by the authorities ot the world will system without taking so great risks not pay over 5 per cent a? to create a panicky feeling that Can. you wonder that the farms are makes them hoard np their vast sums gully-washed? Can yon wonder that -ii believe the secretary said $360. the farm homes are dilapidated? Can 000,000-in their vaults. And a farm you wonder that the country schools er who came Into the First' .Natloeal ' are poor, uninviting and monstrosities Bank in Birmingham the other day of sadness, standing by the side of with five bales of cotton or a receipt the road, the most desolate places in for five bales of cotton from the bond- ' . the country outside of the .graveyard, ed warehouse, and asked for a loan, because tho wca'th of the ccmmunltr -...* .sai_ to th* hs-nk: "Make your there, brought out of the ground by owr. terms for the loan, the amount of i the sweat' of those people, is diverted interest and take my receipt, and be-1 from them through this 60 to 200 per hind that my note for that loan." and cent of merchant's tax pieced on the answer in him was ; "We have not them, and this enormous 10 to 15 per any money to lend to farmers on cot cent tax of Interest put upon them ton." That was a bank that was ear by. the commercial banks? Th ts is rying, I think, as t remember 44 per true in the South cent of Its reserve, most of lt drawn The essence of the whole thing ls from the Aldrlch-Vreeland currency. Just this: A commercial banker on That is a bank of which one of *he demand has to Instantly find money members of the Federal reserve bot., d to pay his depositors; he agrees to do was the president before hs came to it When you give him a deposit - Washington, and the man who made there ls not a word said bot the the deal or attempted to make tbs, spirit and life asd law sf the insii- deal is tn thu room right now while I tution are that you can go back In speak. ' the next fire minutes sud draw it ont Borne people who do not study these again without a word being said. Tn things blame the merchant we will other words, it ls a demand payment say, and. some blame the banks, but the banker, receives from you as a de- those who study conditions deeply rec posit, unless you make a contract ognlxe, that it is the result of a cause, with him for a time deposit That be- and when you change the cause , you lng true, these banks can not in the relieve the body politic and the social very natura ot their lives, and in the community from the. evils to a large very nature of their law, and the very extent. And the cure is to take the j nature of their being, make long-time farmer out from under the comtner-l loans. i chu banking system, gut him under On the. other hand.- the history of an agricultural hanking system. Give, agriculture teaches Ibet it can not live him a fair, square deal and he wUI and progress under anything but long- solve the question. ^ Urns loans. There ls the point in it H. S. MOBLEY. - .i m - "T-i II i 1 Santa Claus is Pacing His Grip .apixtof lenutrs stu. io* ?ptix tofm& *? *?N 18 PlO The kiddies ore casting 'h?lx eyes at the chimney. The old folks are beginning to feel tee first touch ot the Christmas spirit. Now ls the t?o? to do yo? Christa.** shopping. Do not wait until the final ruBh. Shop now at your leisure when selections art? easiest to make and th? men t?t& women tn the stores can give you their best attention. The merchante of Anderson are giving you the best news of ""their husmas is ihs advir?iiii? columns o? Tho inieiiigencer. The* ur* off orin?; clotcest bargains st ioweet ^rtsee. 3?e- ad vert^menU in tbis paper from ttoW Until Christmas will be re plete with suggestions to Christmas shoppers. Reme\nber these taree things: 1 Shop early Shop bx aadsreon And tell tho nwrchs-rhr ?I Saw Towr Ad la The EatelUgoaear." 8A88HBK? The Ad Maa, ?' PAi ADVISABILITY OF ELEVATOR SYSTEM . fi.M, I - AN AUTHORITY ON SUBJECT DISCUSSED REQUIRE MENTS GRAIN NEEDED Expert Describe? Conditions of Success in Quantity Storage Rates. One ot the interesting features ot the grain campaign which has been started in this State is the address by A. Q. Smith to the farmers. Mr. Smith not only is an authority on farm management and is an agricul turits ot distinction, but he is also, a native of the corn belt, and having spent his youth and having been edu cated there, his views on the question are doubly valuable. In reply .to questions tn a number "of towns he has said that there is a profit in. corn, so proved by the success of the Il linois farmers. The farmer there gets sn average of 66 to 60 cents a bushel for hut corn, but he bas no fertiliser bill to speak of. However, ho has but the one crop a year, whereas the thrifty and industrious Southern far mer may produce two crops of dif ferent kinds, the one fertilising the Other, and and each makng a profit The Western farmer on his corn alone makes a profit When the price of corn occasionally runB too low for him to make a profit, he uses hogs as a aide crop, an., in this way Insures his profit, for the hogs fatten on the grain on which there would be no profit and there is good profit in hogs in that manner. . As to Elevators. When asked at several places about the advisability of an elevator system, Mr. Smith has stated that hie idea ts that an elevator for the handling of grain would be impracticable unless tv J farmers in the contiguous territory should agree to produce for the eleva tor 100,000 bushels over and above their own requirements. Very frankly. Mr. Smith stated that there is no de mand for elevators in every corner ot the State and some places will take a risk in building unir js there is s defi nite understanding 'among the farm ers to produce the grain. In some sec tions it was reported that the farm ers had said that they would plant If they had a market showing that there ls no understanding between them and the local. dealers. Until there JS some such understanding, said Mr. Smith, the proposition ia danger ous. Buginea" men who sro interested in the elevator and milling proposition, said Mr. Smth. should go about the matter just as Hens would with refer-1 once to establishing ' a pickle factory In some place where there might be a fool to start a pickle factory where there ls no raw material and whore ; there ls no pledge from the surround- j lng country to produce enough for the plant' to work upon. Unless there Is a definite understanding between the j farmers add the owners, there might | be elevators and no grain, it is just f the same thing as the starting of creameries, which have failed in some sections because the tannera had not pledged themselves to send their cream to the plants to be converted into butter. A gram elevator would hot be a good investment or a paying proposition unless the basis of supply was assured. . As to Financing. , The financing of the proposition should be done by tho farmers, or largely by them, for economic and other reasons. In his section of the country, said Mr. Smith, there are four o? those elevators within six miles of hi? home. And he has teamed that another one ls being put up by tho firm represented by Mr. Stratton, who has been making the grain cam paign with Commissioner Watson's party. The plan advised ls to f?rm a vSr poration with about $12,000 capita* stock. 120 shares , at $100 each. No j one ls permitted to own more thai five snare? sufi wheu a e&?r? ai ?iii time ie ordered for sale, transac tion is handled by the board ot direc tors BO that the property may not gravitate into tba hands ot the ele vator trust ^ trill get the^*r*l2g pfnp^S^te^hnced'm some way, ah-tan he done here, and lei the farmers pay for their stock in gran at the end ot the. first season. Coane of the farmers ot the West sro poi only making enough on their crops to pay for the land but are also paying for blocks of Stock ?h eleva tors and milling companies with the grab* trana their, farms. Some elevators have a uaai plan mr tffeMMmft dlvioenda or nptJ?NfPkV ekholdara a Hrrtdeiid .t -ste bf interest the re Jtti^irpfit le prorated farmers who brought in and this sdmfetimbs amounts to as mach as a dent or mero per bashel ss a bonus. .1 ...J - Tao Baipplag' itate? . At Sumter and at otter places Mr. Smith was asked about: the market? and if prices would be inarar?e?d. He replied that no fixed pTSee can bo guaranteed, as the market la subject (CCWTOrtJED Ut tAtm 8trTE*.> * ??-im A Regule adjoining PBAC?ICAL ADVICE FOB THE ORI H ARD I ST Clemson Collef* Distributing Hew Bulletin en Pruning. EACH PHASE FULLY TBEATED ETery Farmer Wi.i> Has Fruit Trees Will Find Helpfnl Things le ?Practica! Pruning." CLEMSON COLLEGE, NOT. 26. -> [ "Pruning," says F. J. Crider, associate | hortlculturaliBt of Clemson. College, in the beginning of Bulletin No. 167. Practical Orachard Pruning, of the South Carolina Experiment Station, ls ono ' of the most important opera- 1 tiens in the successful handling of any orchard and lt is very essential where the best results are desired, from any fruit plant Unless pro- ! perly pruned, no fruit tree or vine of any sort will produce fruit of maximum size, color or Quality, nor attain a full and proportionate de velopment of Its wood parts. The number of unp.uned orchards all over our state furnish striking exam ples of these tacts. They fall to give profitable returns in many cases for no other reason than that they are allowed V remain from year to year without being pruned. "Tills condition is generally de plored by the owners and' exists not from an absence of good inten tions' on their part but on account of a lack of definite knowledge of how to prune and the benefits to be de rived from this practice. I believe lhere . is no person who makes any attempt ct growing fruit rho does not desire to produce the best It ls our purpose therefore, In this work to point out in a concise, practlctal way, the fundamental principles, of pruning and the methods of pruning th? leading fruits ot South Carolina that will best serve the needs of the fruit grower amt the gerenal farmer.' Prof. Crider's bulletin 1B one of the most thorough handbooks on prun ing ever lsBued by an agricultural ..ollege for free distribution. In for ty-seven pages, lt discusses every phase ol pruning as it affects the or chards ot South Carolina. It ls free to every farmer in the State who applies to Clemson College for it and it should be in the hands of ev ery one in the State who has even a few trees ?that he cares about In writing ask for Bulletin 167. The .first half of the bulletin con tains general subjects of vital inter est and Importance to every orchard 1st in the state, such as the individu ality of fruit trees, how and when to trune, making cuts, protecting wounds, forming the hesd, heading back, summer treatment of young tr ts, 'pruning the neglected tree, gi .ting amount of fruit a tree should m .ure, etc. ' Wext there is a detailed and sim ple description of the. pruning tools that a farmer should have, with an estimate of the approximate cost ot the necessary tools. This will be found a help to the Inexperienced. ' The remainder of the bulletin ls devout, 'iv tsnivldual discussions of pruning methods for esch of the common fruits of South Carolina and here Information ls presented that should leave no orchard owner un certain as to how to.prune any of his trees. Peach, plum,?'cherry, apple pear, quince, pecan,- persimmon, fig currant, gooseberry, bunch grape, muscadine grape, raspberry* black berry, dewberry- each ta given in? dividual treatment by Prof. Crider in his bulletin. Thirteen large plates graphically represent in the fnlinwifig !!!5Btr_ tlons the methods that are set forth in print In the bulletin. The season for pruning is approaching and farm ere nave more reason this year than over before to take care of their trees and have them produce next season SH that they can with profit and saf ety. All farmers who h?ve orchards, however small, Bhouid possess them selves of Bulletin No. 176. which will be supplied freo to all who apply for it as long ss the supply lasts!. SOUTH CAROLINA EGG MASH ?est Economical Poultry Feed For Use la This State. F. C. Hare, poultry husbandman of Clemson College, is receiving scores of letters each week that indicate a most unusual activity in poultry rais ing ia South Carolina at this season and a large number ?f 'he inquiries addressed to his omer concern poul try feeds and feeding methods. The ?pfc^-'wrr formol*, prepared hy 3fir. ferrel in ?ons?deved the most econom ical ead valuable egg-making ?oo? for this Stats: pounds' Cottonseed meal.100 meal.SO.. _nd oats. . ... .. 60 "heat bran..... ?0 Wheat shorts...60 Ground lime rock (fertiliser lime.. 16 Ground charcoal ....12 Salt.2 TC?ep this mash tn the house before the hens ali the time. Put it in a Stowed box with slats around it, or a hO??p?r\ SO hOSS Cia -Ot >M>S? ?Of watte the mest " Do mot mix lt with water *M HW en!? rm os a day. as lp this why heus will overfeed ead thea stand ahout und become chilled. Feed th? mash dry and let the hens consume lt gradually, tia nature in tended. The ground lime rock is ag ricultural lime, not the burnt lune used tor whitwuahing. The ?round charcoal may be eliminated if it can hot be readily procured, but alway add If Yon ttave Anything to Sett, ADVERTISE ! Nothing- Sell* Irgaat ir Weekly Feature : Counties. Contrito NOW Til TO PLANT SEVERAL VEGETABLES ENGLISH PEAS AND IRISH PO TATOES SHOULD Bb PUT IN GROUND HOW TO PLANT, roUtoes Should Be Cot and Roll ed rn A?r-?acJced lime. Pleat Deep. . Now ls the season for the planting ' Of several varieties ot vegetables, es-. peeially English peas and Irish pota toes, according to Forman Smith, the well known Beedsman. Thrifty gard ners are doubtless aware ot this fact, but those who are not so well versed In matters ot thins kind Will find the suggestion of value if they Intend planting their own gardens. English peas planted now or in early December will furnish the plant er thereof rith food of this type in the forepart of the spring. As for Irish potatoes, Mr. Smith says that the best information obtainable on the subject advises cutting the seed potatoes and rolling them in air slacked lime abd planting deep. The Hmo, lt la stated, will prevent the po tato rotting and the dep planting will protect lt from freesing. Cotton seed meal only should oe used to fertil ise Irish potatres now. Mr. Smith sayB that >*:? trish Cobbler is the best variety of potato for planting at this time of the year, though the Bliss la well adapted to thia aection. NOt only ls it time for planting peas and potatoes, says Mr. Smith, bot lt is the proper time for putting out cabbsgo and lettuce plants. Sc*d Wheat Scarce. Continuing his talk on the subject of seeds, Mr. Smith stated that wheat can be planted in this section until the latter part of December. Seed wheat in this and adjoining counties ls particularly scarce. Recently he spent four days touring Oconee, Pick ens and Anderson counties in search of seed wheat and was able to pur* chase only 12 bushels. He says that the demand for seed wheat ls heavy In all parts of the country and espe cially ute lower part of this state. He declares that there are not more then ten farmers in the county who plant wheat Every 'year Booth Carolina sends ont ot the state some twenty millions of doliera for flour and yet South Carolina /raised wheat is a better food product than the western wheat he soys. Mr. Smith has been receiving seed wheat from Christian county, Kentucky. Mr. Smith siso states thst a con- ; sidera'ole quantity Of soghum cass ?u going to be planted in Anderson county this ysar. Judging from the number of inquiries he has received i about cane seed. There are two var ieties well adapted for this section, he states, the sugar drip and the Jap anese ribbon. ? It Takes Time and Intelligent Effort et Readjust a Cropping System. A reorganization or rearrangement 1 ment of Southern cropping is a a?v?r - sitv. hat ainne because of the low price of cotton, but also because it is ? impracticable to maintain or increase -I soil fertility when so Urge a pro- f portion of the lsod la planted to one crop. The greatest hardship results . from the necessity for a sudden change. If during the past five years some force could have gradually brought about the changes which are now he? ?1 lng suddenly attempted, nothing but good would have resulted. But it is impossible for soy faming section to make such changea aa -are now de- 1 mandad without , great loss and much hardship. The changes now being made are practically all desirable and if they could be made gradually , during a period of> three or four years ' they w?n'd prove profitable; but there is so milch Involved in tho res range- , ment of a system ot farming that fait i ares are Inevitable and these failures will drive many back into the old . one-crop system of farming, even though the price of cotton should re- [ main so ussr the hare cost of produc-1 tion. I ~? in i*o traalt task ter a- P*o?l* toT learn to grow new crops, and this ls ' especially true under our conditions of short time tenantry and ignorant labor. Moreover, when the successfuli grower of a nsw crop has been learn- [ ed, less than half the difficulties have ' been overcome. We'must also est?n- '? Uah marketing facilities and markets and leam how to prepare the pre- \ duets for sale. The thia** which so many nra now trying tn do are simply what The Progrese*?* Farmer has btssn adrocatibg all these years. They . could nave bean introduced wita , M-ch ?sss threu?s? ?a? e*p?u?m aaa we started a few years back, hut lt ls homsh to do little more than we sr? vxnnpeiied w do by stree* ot con ditions, We cannot iee "a Messing (n dis.! guise." ss some seam, in the gras- * ?nt conditions, hut unqsestionsbly . moue good will come from (hu greater < pToduct.on of food end {Md crop? wn^j^W tta?r?wl?Bk ?ntb?d to 1 le tm how te produce. This goad will be psrehased at too great a price. b\ cause of our refusal to adopt a ra tional system ot agriculture while w* could have done so under roete fav- F Mable conditions. *!." <; .-..j.:-ii-j*i?v_.M_i. .,_",j, . $fltjRV fATiTsifftgyjaMayg Bra IBSSffl ff^-iWTrT "JstnauiBu itions for this page gladly received. BIG MEETING ON MONDAY DEC. 7th ..?.JTTil paid tn, the helene? of the debt being OF FARMERS AND BUSINESS secured by grain. It la proposed to narai TO rnhicinPR r*R AIN have tho elevator managed by a board MEN TO CONSIDbK GRAIN or director? consisting largely ot ELEVATOR MATTER rt ^ ^ tte , Chamber of Commerce, early In the M mm mm nK^.nyvntmiAft> week, the erection of a grain eleva T H E PROPOSITION, tor here would or?ate a market for _ . grain; purchase grain from the farm j era at standard market prices and pay Will Be Explained in Detail and them cash for the same; clean and _^ _ grade the grain and put it in com Efforts Made to Raise merdai shape. Facilities for storing c , grain will, of course, be included in SHOCK. the lay out and farmers not wishing . _ to sell their grain Just at the tune It . is brought to the elevator can store Persona coming In from the rural it Jost as they now atore and hold districts report that farmers generally their cotton. are much interested in the gathering Fair weather prevailing on Decem to be held here in the court houae ber 7, there ie every reason to believe next Monday week for the purpose ot that the court house will harbor for thoroughly understanding sud "Putt- this grain elevator rally one ot the lng across" the proposition ot erecting largest gatherings ot Anderson Conn* In Anderson a grain elevator. ty farmers and business men oh rec* The general coutmittee which was ord. appointed for the purpose of working - . up Interest in the gathering has not _ _ . _ mmmmmmt _ __?y. , been idle. The members have spoken M AD HliT DHP?IHT to their friends and acquaintances on lYIXlaVlVu I AIM VI* I the subject and requested them to turn out for the meeting to he held , 11 in tho court house on December sales- LlVC SlOCK " day, which will be tte 7th. Thia gen- . eral committee consists of well known CHICAGO, Nov. St?.-Hogs higher. business men of the city and promi- Bulk a7.4o07.6O; light $7.0507.60; nent planters. Consequently the poo- mlxed |7.25?>7.70r. hea?T 17.2007.75; pie in tho rural districts are hearing "ugh l'?X about the proposed guttering aa Weill Cattle mt9tAf. f?tUT ?teere a'J. 6 ?vlnK n,.? EL\R; v . $5.85010.60; western steers $6.490 The sub-committee which was ap- 9M cow ^ betfera $3.6009.20; pointed for tte purpose of arranging calve8 $g 26alto0 a. program for tte gatterint' will con- Sheep higher. Sheep $6.600645; fer early next week and get every- yearling $6.6008.00; lambe $6.760 thing In readiness for the meeting, Q GO It ls understood that they will get __?4 two or three good speakers for the, ? _? r^~*.i.^~* occasion, and after tte proposition j Liverpool V>OttOn bas been thoroughly explained to ! 1 - ? those .present will make a strenuous LIVERPOOL?, Nov. 26.-Cotton, spot, effort to raise enought stock suborn- . in fair demand; prices firm; Amer!** tiona on-the spot to warrant steps be- can middling fair 6.48; good middling tag taken toward erecting tte eleva- 4.80; middling 4.48; low middling 3.97 tor. good ordinary 8.23; ordinary 2.78. , The general plan, as discussed at Sales 8,000 bales, including 6,500 tte gathering ot farmers at the Cham- American and 800 for speculation and ber of Commerce last Tuesday, ls to export. Receipts 12,240 halos, includ establlah here a $10,000 elevator. It lng 11,783 American, is proposed to organise a ?tock com- Futures closed quiet. May and., pany and-sell shares of stock for $60 June 4.18; July and August 4.241-2; each It is understood that It is poe- ; October and November 4.24; Novena albie to erect tte elevator when 20 her and December-; January an* per cent ot tte capitol stock has been February 4.40. Il.BfjggHPsasmag, . ,.,. Talki ?out Shoes Tomorrow we ere starting a taie that - ll- ?tc. ._ e_x_ .. ??r_t some two or three hundred pair and marked them for cash from 98c to $1.9&. ; They told for $1.50 to $5.00. FOR LADIES AND MEN Sjja*S)S^^ i ! Quite a good range of sizes and er?, and we are sure you'll fee si at Ilse rea! goodness of these {Minces named? -Of course if you come early failli ht more aipt to get your stee MOORE-WILSON ?0.