Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE PEOPLES JOURNAL VOL ut-NO. 14. PICKENS, S. C., THURSDAY, MAY 2, 19. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR BI3j ARP RXVflXWS THU0 WAR Death of Gen "Tige" Anderson Causes a Backward Glance. General G. T. Anderson (Old Tige) and Colonel Tom Taylor have just passed over the river. They were near the same age and were close to gether during the civil war. General Anderson was our brigade commander and Colonel Taylor commanded one of his regiments, the First Kentucky. Since the war one of them was made chief of police of Atlanta and the other of Louisville, Ky. Taylor was next to the last of the surviving colonels of that brigade. It was General Bartow's old brigade, composed of the Seventh. Eighth, Ninth and Eleventh Georgia regiments and the First Kentucky and a Virginia battery. The regiments changed their colonels many times and of the old Eighth only one (Colonel Towera), who was its lifth colonel, now survives. None but the veterans know how numerous were these changes of commanding officers. The records show that but one of the Georgia regi-rents that. went, into 8cr vice in ]861 and 1802 brought back the same colonel it took out. The ofilcers of the companies were changed oftener than the colonels. Deaths, resigna tions and promotions were ever going on. Captain Twiggs's company of the First Georgia regulars had twelve dif ferent captains during the service. The peisonniel of the privates was also continually changing-" discharged ' or K. 1. B. (killed in battle)-is ap pented to more names than half the first muster rolls, and recruiting was constantly going on to till up the files. But I was ruminating about old Tige and Tom Taylor, for after General ]larto.v was killed I was transifeired to General Anderson's staff an.i followed his fortunes for nearly two years in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was every inch a soldie-. le never questioned the widom of an order, but Obeyed it. " Ours not to make reply; Ours not to reason why; Ours but to do and (tie,' was his motto. I do not believe he ever experienced the emotion of fear. We thotighit that sometimes lie was too daring. I remember that on one morning during the battles on the Chickahominy lie wished to make a personal reconnais~auce of the posi tion of the enemy oii its left flank, and asked Major Ayer and myself to ride with him. There vas a wide, open field between the armies, probably 1,000 acres, and our wmtg was covered by a forest of thick woods curving round the open space in form of a semi-circle. We kept covered by these woods until we had got far round and we- as near to the Federal batteries as we dared to go. The general said: "Well, there is no use in going back the long way that we came. Let us take the diameter of this circle and save a mile or two." " They will see us and open fire," said I. " Let them shoot," said he, " they can't hit us. We can outride their balls; come on; follow me." We did follow, but we dident want to and there was no neces sity for taking such a peril. I never will forget that ride. The Federal bat teries opened fire quickly as we flew along the plain. The six-pounders sent their balls over us and behind us and before us and some bounded along the ground1 quite near us, but the gen eral only waivedl his bat aind smiled. We were all wyell mounted and muade the trip safely, but I never made another econnaissaince with him. One evening our brigade was at rest oni the bank of the Rtappahiannock. We had made a long march and were waiting orders. Thme boys were sitting down or lying down upon the grass. The enemy were massed behind the moun tain range that skirted the opposite banks of the river. We could not see them, but we knew they were there, for their batteries amused themselves by firing over the mountains aiid dIropping their shot mand shell at random over us and beyond us. They exploded in the air and did but little harm. We were not alarmed and watched them as we would a p~yro technic display. General Anderson was str-etched at length upon the ground andl we were not far away. His flne horse was croppjing the grass and the gener-al held him with a long rein that was attached to the bridle. WVhile we were chatting quietly a shell ex ploded directly over us and a murderous. fragmemnt struck his horse on top of the head and killed him instantly. Our nearness to the dlanger stopped all con versation, but the loss of his horse arouised andl eited 01(1 Tige beyond measure. Looking at his horse that was (lying at his feet he usedl language accordling to his anger and indignation. His anathemas were fearful. " We will pay them for that," lie said. " I would have given mny right arm for that horse. But we will pay them back two for one. We have come here to fight, and 01(1 Bob will give uis a chance to get even. Bllast their in fernal batteriesi All they (dare to d:> is to hide behind a mnttain and~ shoot over it." We dhid get even, and Old Tige was comforted; for ini a few days the secondl battle of Manassas was fought and a great victory won. Forty eight thiousand troop~s undler Lee uit terty routed aind vanqjuished 80,000 under Pope. I never think of General Tern Taylor but what I think of the great battle of D)rainsville, in wich ho figured and a ..mile comes over my memory. The fun of that battle lasted our boys a long time, and Major Ayer at Rome Is not done laughinigat it yet. The valley of Dralneville was neutral ground and the harvest of hay was great. The two armies were in winter g iartera and wanted it. Job Stuart assured General Johnston that if he would fu nish the wagons and teams and a rc gimont of infantry he would go for th hay. Ile said that the owners wer mostly Southern men and wanted us t, have it. Old Joe was suspicious, bu consented. The Federals were neare to it and had a large force of cavalr in their camp. Tom Taylor was sen along with his regiment and Majo Ayer put in charge of 400 wagons wit! four-horse teams to each. It wai about fifteen miles to the valley over i pike road that was generally widt enough for teams to pass e ich other but was very narrow where cut througli the little hills. Many of these cuts, 1 hundred yards long, were not morc than ten feet wide. The (lay and the scheme was kept profoundly secret. One morning about the break of diy our boys were aroused by the unearth ly rumbling sound of 400 wagons roll ing over the pike, but that sound was nothing to the roaring of those wagons oi their return. That train of wagons was nearly four miles long and by the time the head of the column got fairly into the valley and the major began bossing the loading of the foremost teams Tom Taylor, withI his men. were resting in the suburbs and Jeb Stuart, with 2,000 cavalry, were paraded ou a hill overlooking the valley. Just then 6,000 Federal cavalry came charging down f rom some hiding place behind the woods and for an hour or more Stuart and Taylor had their hands full. '[he Federals had an artillery company to help create a panic and they were tter the wagon train in desperate determination. In the confusion that followed the surprise Stuart ordered the wagons that were loading hay to countermarch in double quick and they performed that maneuver with great alacrity until the head of the procession reached the pike and could get no fat ther, for the body and tail of the train blockaded the highway for two miles back. Then cane the great stamlpede. " Then rushed the steeds from battle driven." All along the line the alarm was given, whips were poppiig, team sters were bawling. " Turn men; turn and save your teams," exclaimed the major. " The Yankees are coming." And they did turn, but to this (lay no body knows how. Some of the wagon ers swore afterwards they flew over and some crawled under and some turned a four-horse team in an eight-foot cut. Colonel Taylor ordered h1b men to guuard the wagons, but they couldn't keep up with theni. Stuart's men were in a hand to hand fight with the enemies'cavalry and slashed thein with swords and shot them with small arms; but. they were outnumbered and had to light and fall back at every charge. It was about the middle of the after noon when the roaring of the stamped ing train reached our campground. Old Joe Johnston heard it, for the sound thereof was like the sound of many waters. le understood it at once and ordered a whole brigade and battery to double quick up the Drains ville pike. " I told Stuart," he ex claimed, "they would trick if lie didn't look out. Those rascals in that valley are nearly all Union men and they got word to the enemy. I'm afraid we have lost some of our wagons, and it will be a hard joke on Stuart." Later on we )erceived great clouds of dust gathering over the pike and the roaring came louder and louder and nearer and nearer, and~ by andi~ by, with the aid of a field glass, we could see Major Ayer rise over the telp of a distant hill and halt. lIe is a fine ridler and was astride a fine horse whose name was Schm, ie saw the brigade coiming to the rescue and slowed up, the long procession behind him. Man and beast were dIripping with streams of sweat that would have turned a saw mill. In the grand melee Colonel Taylor got cut off from his coimmanid, for the boys were trying to keep up with the wagons. Btit they all came uip in course of time and r'e ceivedi the platudits of their comradles. Stuart worried the enemy so bad that they left the valley with nary wagon andl Major Ayer left it with nary hay. But they got it later, for old1 Joe got his back up and swore lie would have it. Those 400 wagoners were for a long time the heroes of the campfires. One of them, Jim WVilkerson, our former marshal, lives here now and~ still (10 clares that lie turned1 his team in an eight-foot cut and paissedl two more in a ten-foot cuit and had liked to have beat the whole train to camp. IHis dIrivinig was like the driving of Jehu, for lhe drove furiously. The big battle of Drainsville never got into history, but it was camp talk at, Centerville all that winter. Dur ing the Revolution of 1770 ther~e was a great battle called the " battle of the kegs " that causedl infinite merriment to the contnmntal army and it was set to verse by a hiumorotis p~oet, Francis [Hopkinson, btt this is known to Vir ginia veteuans as the "batt~le of the A youth lately leaving his aunt's hotuse after a visit, when finding it be gani to raiin, caught up ain umbrelha that was snugly placedl in a corner and was proccoeling to open it, when the 01ld lady, who for the first, time Ohb servedl his movements, sprang towart hinm, exclainming: " No, no, that yoi never shall! I've had that umbrellh 23 years, and it has never been we yet, and .1 am sure it, shan't, be we now I" Mrs. Pettit-Whenever I express I desire for anything, my husband nieve objects. Mrs. Ig. Nerd-Same wtvlt me; I can express the (ksire as oftei as I please; It never disturbs him.. Philarieinhia Press. - NED OF MORU TOLERANCI1 3 Ex-Senator Butler Endorses Mc Laurin and Approves the Coursi of McKinley. Gen. M. C. Butler has been inter viewed by a correspondent of the Ne York Sunt, and his views are quiti favorable to the attitude of McLaurin as follows: " What, in your opinion will be thi effect in South Carolina of Senatoi McLaurin's attitude toward the De mocratic party?" was asked of Gen Butler. " Oh, well," lie replied, "4 you know what Gen. Wigfall used to say: 'I there is anything God Almighty doei not know it is what will be the out. come of a popular election or the ver dict of a petit jury.' There is n telling what twelve months will brin forth in the politics of this country. If I had been in the Senate I would have voted just as McLaurin did, with the exception, perhaps, of his vote for the ship subsidy bill. And yet there are plenty of precedents in Democratic history to justify a vote for that bill. South Carolina subsidized every rail road built in the State by subscribing to the capital stock of the companies up to the breaking out of the war. If I Pm not mistaken this course was pur sued in behalf of every railroad with out exception. " .t will be insisted, perhaps, that there is a (liflerence in principle be tween such action by a State and by the Federal Government. The Federal Government certainly subsidized to the extont of millions and hundreds of millions of dollars the Pacific railroads, undoubtedly by the votes and help of good Democrats. However that may be, it does not come very gracefully from some Democrats and some so called Democrats to question Mc Laurin's Democracy and undertake to read him out of the party for voting as lie did, when they, within two weeks thereafter, wheeled around and voted with apparent gusto for a railroad subsidy which was not wanted by the Puistmaster General, and was therefore said at the time by consisteut, Demo crats to be a simple gratuily from the treasury." " You do not, then, apprehend that 'imperialism' or 'militarism' will take the place of popular government if the policy of the present Administration is carried out ?'' " No, sir. 11 the President had done less than he has in dealing with the questions involved, in the absence of Congressional action, he would have mnade himself liable to impeachment and disgrace. iHe could not have done less and maintained the dignity, honor andggood faith of the government of which he was and is the Chief Execu tive. I That is my candid opinion, speak ing as a citizen. 'Imperialism' 1(and 'militaribm' do not grow out of e-uch questions, and cannot as long as the press is free and uncorrupted citizen ship is permitted to cast a ballot for the preservation of popular govern ment. We are in much more danger -popular constitutional government is-f rom domagogism, socialism, popu lism, anarchism and such heresies and fallacies. The supremacy and control of such doctrines in the affairs of gov ernment may necessitate the employ ment of force to preserve public order1, the rights of property and enforce ment, of law so that those who arec cryinig loudest against 'imperialism' may make it necessary and~ become its authors. P'olitical agitation which -heals with the intelligence and patriot ism of the p~eople is always heal~hful, b~ut no republic has survived or can survive the domination and control in its governnmental adlministration of reckless, time- serving demagogues. " What, the South need1s now more than ever in its history is broad, liberal statesmanship, which suggests some thing mmerc than mere obstruction and op~position, conformmng in all resipects to constitutional limitations, but get ing in line with the progress and deC velopmtent of the age. We are just emerging from the paralyzing effect of reconstruction, with all its horrors and crimes, and should turn our faces to the front andl contrib~ute to the Stateo and national strength and power on all legitimate lines. I believe McLaurin and many other young men of the South are in harmony with this thought and , therefore, Ius course has my ap p~roval. The D~emocracy, in may judg ment, made a fatal blunder when it permitted the Repubhicans to ap)pro priate to their own usei the prestige groiing out of the Spanish war. 'i'he Demnocrats (did as much to bring about the war as thme Republicans and should have claimed their share of its results and comsequiences. For myself, I am re(joiced that the crust, of our national isolation has been broken andl that we can take our- proper place among the nations of the earth." " You favor retaining p)ossession of the Philippine [slands and~ other insular possessiomns ?" " I (do most assurely. We cam( into p~ossesioni of this niew territory in' the prosecution of a just wvar. We ex pendhed vast amounts of money an( many valuable lives in the Spanisl war, andl by all the rules govermni such questions we are entitled to in dlemmlty for the expenditures. TPhi indemnity is usually paid in money o territory. Inasmuch as Spain had ii monecy, we took Porto Rico in par payment, andI for the Philippines w paid cash. The title dleeds wer signed, sealed, delivered and recordted e Why sheuhi we give up land we hay ipaid for with the consent of its owner Spain?"' -- " Do you apprehend that the gos ernent of these islanlds Is going to b very embarrassing to our govern ment?" "Not necessarily, if common sect : and good judgment are employed ii. dealing with them. Of coutse, the problem is a seriosis one, but not in surmountable. I do not believe in a protectorate or colonial government. Tihere is no place in our system for such dependence. The new posses sions of the United States belong to all the people of the United States and governed by the supervision of Con. guess as our other territories are governed, giving to the inhabitants of them just as iichi power of self government and -mvereignity is they are capable of exercising. This has been the rule for Alaska for thirty odd years and may be as safely applied elsewhere. " I cannot see where there is such an over-powering difficulty in our way. No, sir; if the American people will put their heads together in a patriotic spirit we will solve the problem justly and satisfactorily. The possession of these islands will redound with especial and iimmeasurcable benefit to the cot ton States, furnishing, as they will, a most valuable market for her manu factured cotton goods, and give us a status in the Orient from which we can dely competition in that vast field for lucrative business. We should insist upon the 'door being kept opeu to China. We should hold on to the Islands and govern then, as we can, honestly, justly, fairly. When the in habitants iealize that the intallation of our constitutional form of govern. ient, with representative responsi bility, means for them freedom and enlightened progress, they ifll scoff at the jeremiads of those who have tried to convince them that we intend to destroy their liberties and rob tbem of their country." In regard to the appointment of Mr. Capers as United States district attorney for South Carolina, Gen. Butler Faid: '' What Is wanted in South Cfaro lina, above all things, is a greator tol eration for t0hose honestly differing from us in political opinion, greater political freedom of action. I find we have passed the point where the white people from niecessity were arrayed on one side to protect their civilization with the negro race on the other, and we can now afford to divide on the pai amount political issues, as in other States. If Mr. Capers chooses to ally himself with the Republiean party be cause lie conscientiously approves of its prifnciples, he hat; a perfct rIght LU (o so and should not be denounced on that account. Nothing could he of more advantage to our State, politically and commercially, than ihe organiza tion of an active, respectable opposi tion to the present pohitical organizaton of thbe State. It would insure better men for offlee and better administration of the laws." JOHN C. CATLHOUN'8 OL1D HOME A Northern Correspondent De scribes the Fort Hill Mansion at Clemson. " Gath," a correspondent of the Pittsburg Dispatch, writing from Fort IIill, S. C., April 14th, gives his im pressions about thme former home of John C. Calhoun, as follows: IHaving visited most of the homes of Amnerican publie men wrho exist in tr-adition, 1 felt the list incomplete till I had come nearer to John C. Calhoun. So I took the night tiain at Washing ton City on the Southern railway andl awoke at Charlotte, N. C., and then continuced on till noon, getting off at Central Station, five miles from Cal houni's home at the northwestern enud of South Carolina. Central is just half way between Charlotte andl Atlanta. At Central I hired a buggy and driver and rode to Calhoun's house, called formerly Fort Ihill. It, is now Clemson college. TIhere I dlismountedl at the place where Calhoun lived firom 1824, when Iirst elected vice president, before ,John Qulincy Adtams was elected picesidenit, a little later, as Adams was chosen by the States in Congress, the the second of the Presidents to be elected without a p~opulair choice. Cal houn had the electoral mnajority that year, and was rec-elected for the first term of A ndrew Jackson, and fully expected that Jackson Would ret ire at, the enid of one term and leave him caliph, or successor. From 1824 to his dleath inm 1850 Fort, Hill was Calhoun's legal residence and part of tbc time his real residence. It is about, the only lhace in South Caro lina where any residence of Calhoun can now be identified, his former homes at, Abbeville, Bath, etc., being now gone or uncertain. Foi-t II ill is like Marshalflield foir Webster, Ash. land for Clay, Lindenwald for Vaii Buren or the Ihermitage for .Jacksoii, the place of Calhoun's interval or pri vate life. The11 road to Calhoun's wound over the railroad track and the clay and sand hill tops5 thbrough the p~lowed] ground for cotton, without any fences, sonme four or five old hmutu or houses and two or thbree wooden churches on thu way, the woods thin pine or petty oaks One o11ld o-se mill gin and compresi was p'assedi before we reached1 Cleni son, amidst which, like am 01d whiti relic, is Calhoun's home. Much of thil time lie was in Washinigton, Charles t ton or Columbia. , The architectural quality of tw, a " porches"' gave the impression of ad . ditions to a mere plain " house " o a .country cottage, with outside chimney ,that were carriedI up in two dhmninisi I ng fireplaces to a plain uliaft, draw -back from touching the gable. N e dormers wyora in this hilnnk rof, hi only gable openings. The portico came almost or quite to the ground with a strip of grass lawn before, and then two or three steps down to a " walk," or path. Still farther down was a modern latticed round summer house, covering an old stone spring, which laid no overflow. Despite its eight columns and re lieved vertical chimneys, the dwelling looked low, the skylines outstretching the columazua intention. It wits lly view that at the present day, with such materials, I could dupliinte the house for $2,500, at the Iost $3,500. What gaveit the statesman or proprietary ef fect were the tall old trees on tile pro montory lawn, four or live branching oaks, rising seveial times the height of the housie, some old cedars, locusts, firs aid pines, i beech tree near the sprintg aid close to it an enormous tree all naked at, the top, but near the ground full of holly, like evergreen. Ill the rear of the house, some 50 paces 1from it, was a little one atory olice with a window ill the side and a door under a wooden classical portico, the whole, say, 12 feet by 16. This Was tile solitanry manilll's library and study. I understood that. his book had been transferred to the college. Knlocking at the kiockerless door with my knuckles, it was opened by ala ble young lady, whio said tilt hier1 aunt, or 11other, irs. Calhoull, would Show mne the 'I relic room," anid opened a dooi from a vestibule leanling to lie short one-roomied left wing. it had a ceiling of white boards, ill striip of live or six Iches, a careful ly h1us banded carpet oin tile lloor an1d - a woodlen black mantel inl the end, with a brick fireplace for wood fire below. Among faimily 111(i domestic thinlgm on the wall were engravings of' G .ii erails Lee and .ckson, aid, I thmik, ,Jeferson Davis. The room was very tranquil, neat and old timeish, Was I low in tile ceiling Ilnd wasl perhiaps 22x18 feet. It appeared to ho tile living or sitiing room ; perhaps m11 sick. ness or extreme heat, tile chief bed 0Joi0. 8oon a lady of tile Iquiet period came in, with curling white hair, a gentle manniieri anid accollmodating -.\N1 rs. COl floun. She Iiay have beeni alhve when Cal1101111 died, nearly at the seasonk I was present-indeed, only five days bct fore tile cate of Ils demise, Alarch .'i, 51 years ago. lIe was also horn inl March, 1782, nine monthi before his tralquil Coil) let itor, I'residlent Vail l u*en, and ten years after William II. Crawford, who struck Calioun down with his one uniparilyzed ar This house at once de,t roys tle ideai thatli he was a very rich man. lie had so little money of his own t at. his brother worked his farm near A bbe ville, to let 111111 go to college. lie married his Isecond cousin, Floile Calhoun, a-id Ahe, it is always stated, possessed this l'ort H ill place aid the slaves. Calloull and h11ii wife led out as so. cal forces at Washiiigton. 'art of tile tin. lie lived in the large Lin th1icum i mllansioll oil Georgetown ellights. and his wife was quoted as a wollal of decision. If Webster, witli his great fees, and Clay, witih tile manutillifactur cis behiild him, had to borrow iloney, wily was Calioul, who lad no Irictice and was not very mtimate with any body, above the thought of money ? THIE CONS3UMFRS' IAGUIE. flY MRS8 MAnY' c'A'vEnT, Si'AnT'ANniUIo. 1 lhe foliowing paperF was readi at thie ani niu al coniiyon 1 of the 8ont ii'a rofjina Fedc(erationi of wom)CIen' cubs) hielI in Grceenvbile last, week.! Ten years ago the Womenl's Working Society of Ne w York inaugurated a movo-e ment in the itcest of thei WOmen~i arnd childrecnlmployed inl Ithe ret dll stores of that city. Thleir investigation proved that thle working hlours wore excessive, that overtime was not panid for, lines were exorbitaint, wages were low and1( children under fourteen were emlloyedl, conltrary to law, and~ all saniitiary anld phlysicaI conditions were unn~oticed. Such surp~risinig conditions were found to exist that a public aippeal wvas made, wichl resultedl In The Consumers' League of New York city. Sonic time after ward, a State Leagule wals organized, and so confident aind persistenlt hlave thle workers in the movemenlt b~een thlat now tihere are Leagues In twelve States, al11 uniited uinder "' Thle National Consumers' League." Tae word '"consumer " here, for want of a more specific ternm, is usedl as symlo nlomfous withl the word ''buyer." A con nmers' league, or a league of buyers, is an aissociationl of persoiis who plurplose to (10 thleir buying in such ways as will better thle.condiiitions of th1ose who make and those0 who distribute the thinlgs bought. In the tenl minlutes limit al lowed, I can merely out ine, fIrst, the teachings and1( principles iof tile League, Vand sec.>ndly, its practical alms as ap pliedl to Individual nleeds. TIhe genleral principles as stated in tile constitution are: I. That the interest of the coimmunity demands thlat all workers should receive fair living wages. II. That the responsibility for some of the worst evils fi om which wage earners suffer rests with the consumners who per sist in buying in tile cheapest marko t, regardless of how that cheapness h broughlt about. III. Trhat it is therefore the duty ol consumers to find out under what con ditions the articles which they buy art iproduced, arid to insist that these coni ditions shall be dlecent an~d conistenl with a respectar0le existence on the pari of the workers. ) The immediate aim of the0 League i. . first to extend among all classes or me1r r cantilo houses the commendable coniJ iosnow existing in th1e bost ; ain second, to abolish the sweating systemil - this last being the special task of thi iNational League. Thle League p)racti 0 cally applies those princIples by tile Ust it of the standard of a Fair H~ouse and f White List by the use of a Consumer League label, and by promoting mot humane labor laws. rhe advisory boar and various committees work contint ously with the factory inspectors, an by patient insistence succeed in som1 measure in having the labor laws or forced. ' heir standard of a Fair House ri gulates the wages, working hours, tinc bolidays, vacations and physical cond tions of all employees The White Lii is a published list of all retail housl which conform most closely to the sti dard of a Fair House. The Consumers' League label is the! trade mark, as it were, and Is used t enable the purchaser to distinguish gal ments made in factories approved by th League, from those made under othe conditione The National League, leaving th local organizations to adopt such line of special work as seem most needed Ib its locality, has confined itself to an in vestigation of the conditions of th4 manufacture of white muslin underwear to the promotion of the use of the label and most largely to the education o purchasers by means of lectures, litera Lure and organizatlion. Twenty-twe factories have adopted the use of the label, and a glance at their names is con vincing proof that the very best goods ire imade by them. The wor k of creating a steady demand for labeled goods devolves upon the State leagues aid upon the effort of in dividual members. 'This work is being uost thoroughly accomipl isled in New England, Massachusetts and Rhode Island being far in advance of other .itates. Inl Pennsylvania, the State aicague is miaking constant effort to in Iuce mnerchants to use label bearing Foods, anld is doing much educational Aot k aimiongr tle sioppers. I Illinois t lhe State League has direct. ,d its best eifort to the discussion of the >owur and duty of the purchaser. I has igioiously supported the cifort of the umin titilor8 to secure from their em >loyers, the ierchlait tailors, the coni 'ession1 of comifortable workrooms, thus iiliing most effectively in this revolt iganilist teniemnmit house ianuufac.ure. In Kentucky, tie League is atteipting, n addition to time usual wol k of the or Imilnization, to quietly 1inmd at just solution ,f that problem wiicl is just 1.)w con rlmting Bo inaniy of our Southern 8ttes, Ie Ohild labar tiuestion. Suci inl brief is nil outlinie of the Con imcier Lutague. Is it exists today, an mtieli of its work, its aimus and respon ibihties. 'Tie League 11 lioW shIOWn US tIat here is urgent mineed of reform and help 1nd 1symnipatihy for these " white slaves, is the Giovermor of Canada calls thee oilers, and time luest ion imises hi)w t ii ve as individuals hielp t hem ? Do)es o Ir )rdina1ry13' buyimg of tihings carry with it mny moral respons-ibility- ? Do we by uViniroduts smamde in inlwholesomie surr ounildiig, hlp perpet inte these evil condiitiol? Cain We bmy 10 ais to ilcrease the world's good niik Lntl lessen0 its bad work ? Within time last few years social eco ltmists have Ievoted miucii ti li the inestion of " coin iiptio ' 'lhey ei >lasize Weliithi-ising as filly Ias they do vealth mainIilig, and the text books nilow elcli inl niatIral sin(j ence, >roduction )istribution id Exchang. They lay mPhaimtic 811tress both oii tle iiihtionce of Onisull ption upon production, and of Ie imioral duties involved upon society ld Lie individual. 'T'liec <tuestions as to individual re on1isibility cIin be luost clearly answer d by the econmitiiists thielisel ves. Prof. attell, time mnost learied authority oil t liuimi lnption ill America, ays : l"i The )rinciple upon whiich tle Coisumiers' eague is IIse is soulnd. I haive great 'ilh inl educatiig le co mer, an1 in he soc1iail chanimges whIiich ai hiighor typie will briniig. Tme pirodu icer is mier'ely iii igenit of time conIsumiier, andl if Lime latter is persistent in (deimanmd ing bemtemrtmi higs nd ciiondlitIin, socitty wVill 1)e mit lenigthi remiodeled andi tran2lisformiedi." Presidenmt liadley', of Yamle, smays :'"As yearis go onm, I ami muore mind moitre im-. prt5ese withi lime idea that econmllic re form is likely t, cime throtughi the ugenmcy of the conslumner, rallier tibanl from liny othier source " From a Gernmmnm schiool we remad: "Th'ie produlcmg mn is essentimally the servant it the conisuiimbmg im, and the final di rectionm oif indtustry lies with the con. mimers " Amid again, "' Thle Industrial world Is our servant, manid like amny good lervanit, is oniiy forestallinig our wishes." Buch conicluioni~is from such authiori ties prove that the consumner is the :arcator. Thue aristic boiot maker, who idmiires time niormial fiot, hates to make the p~oint ed, high- heeled boot,, but his clustomers demiandl 2 hiem and hIs duty is It) serve themn. If the p~ublic did not read time yellow journals, their publica lion would soon001 cemase. The Andlubori society is lemachinmg women thme cruel foil1 of weariing birds on their hats, and at the preservaltioni of birds is accom p Ished. iThie stores are very sensitive to thi demands of the buyers. They keep 11 stock what you ask for. If, then, th muerchanimt is so kconily alive to the whim of every class of buyers, would lhe nc lie more so to the insistent inteligem demands of ani educaited public ? Am so the League pulrposes to educate th p~ublic, these every day comnsumners, 1 meetings, by lectures, by leaflots, and t systematic Investigation. It must 1 made plain that the consumers 1h1)p) I move on, very slowly at first, from swe shop)1 condiitions to) suich factory indui tries as exist uindem the humanme laws somec Northern Stales. It must also' 1 made pilain to mall cimasses thamt fatoiit made products are not1 miore eixpcitis than sweat 8111)1 goodis. Thme Leaguei not a mfovememit aga ist chemapnoulSsi cheap~ness. 'The mioderm factory, wit labor savinig app1)1iances, can1 producm cheaper articles, conm withi higher wagK and shorter hours, than came from tLe mfenit inidustrieis. A great variety 0 good~is can he traiced directly to the lie piiil workers Wtiiild nott 811ch priOc as hiemstitichedi handkrhiefs for 5 centm fi nishmed knmec pants for 25 cents anm triimimed coriset ctovers for 8 cents sati1f cyei time miost peiuistenit bmargain secke in townm ? Tme next quiesti-m~ is do we neeod thi beagmue in South Uamrolina. Are we road foir such an organiiz'ition, or can ti work he carried on with our Club wor s It Is ini othier lalice ? Lii this State we dio nt finid such extremose of wealt anid poverty as wo see ini other Statei 'There are *no sweat shops). Our moi chants, as a general rule, all live uip I s' the standard of a Fair House. It seems e to me that primarily, in this State, the d movement which I have attempted to describe must take the form of a co d operative educational movement. e Two years ago, when Markham's won derful poem1 "The Man with the Hoe," was first published, I heard it most of fectively recited in a sormon to teachers by Mr. Kershaw, of Charleston. His sympathetic rendition brought out all t the points of the poem, and the patience, 4 the pathos, the hopelessness of it all nade me very uncomfortable. My sum mer vacation was not all rest, and so r I went to a very wise friend, who can at l) ways help me, and said, " I wish Mr. -. Kershaw had left that poem alone. I e can't forget it and yet, what is there r that I can do?" flu answered, " Pay your cook more money. That's about 3 the only point at which the problem a touches you." And this is the essence of the spirit of the League. It is the Golden Rule as applied to social econom. ics. In this education we must teach our selves to " want " right things, rightly made. We must learn when and how to buy, so that the "Song of the Shirt " wiIl become a more memory of a sad picture of by gone days. We must learn (a very hard lesson for us women of fru gal niluds) to avoid the bargain table, which is, as we all know, a more adver tising scheme, and is filled generally with sweat-shop goods made specially for this clearance sale. While we are learning those things ourselves we must teach our merchants the objects of the League. Teach them what a Fair House Is, teach them the use of the label, and call persistently for laboled goods. Pa' ronize those houses which pay the highest wages and which think that work well done by a woman is worth just as much as if done by a man. Support them In the early closing movement, and urge the observance of all holidays. You will find in those shops the best service and the best " cheapness." And next I come to a class of which I know not how to speak. It Is by far the largest class of toilers in this State that needs our help. I refer to the chil dren of the cotton mills. I know It is not a popular subject. We scarcely dare allude to it in our club, there are so many mill presidents in Spartanbur: and they have so many relatives I realize that there are many sides to the question, and the answers cannot be l'und in a day I know the evils of la bor laws. In fact, I have not very much faith in legislatuires coinl,osed of more men when it comes to socialistic ques tions. liut the children are in the mills worki'ig eleven hours a day. These childrein are growing into men and wo nont jli.I as our children arc, and they cannot write their names. In a jury of twelve men, drawn from one of our city niills last month, nine of the jurors had to make their mark. These are Amer c(' Citizens, grown up under this won derfl civilization, which, having ac complished such wonderful things for its own, is ceeking to enlighten the ut. lermost part.% of the earth. In a few years they will coaso to be citizens, for the time is rapidly approaching when the ballot b->x will be denied all illitor ates low cain The Consumers' League touch this class ? The same answer is given. By education. Commence at the top, and educate the mill presidents. If all presidents were like your own Ellison Sinyth, James L. Orr, Lewis Parker and Mrs. M. P. Gridley, the task were not so dillicult. They have made a fine beginn ing In establishing froo kindergartens and line schools, and In many ways showing themselves the children's fhiend. The compromise offected by the mill presidents and the Logislature of North Carolina was a step in the right dlirection. Let the presidents of South CarolIna mills unite with them in a Presidents' League, if you will, and let them dlecide that they will not emp~loy a child undler fourteen, they will not em p)loy a child that cannot read and write, and that furthermore they will, with what help they can get from the State, maintain good schools, the question will for a time at least be kept from the politicians. Above all things keep the question from our legislators--until you educate them. You may not be able to educate all the presidents at once, I rather think it will require time, but in the meanwhile you are moulding public opinion, which afteor all ist the p~rimnary condition of all effec tivo social legislation. And the last lesson for us is patience. All social re forms develop slowly, because new habits of tho ught must be patiently tended, and we must learn to await those slower results which are the mark of lasting good. Y our duty is, while you are waiting an opportunity to join the South Carolina League, to be just, be kind, be watc hful, be patient, and always keep clear your own little corner of creation. Wily BUcIIANAN NEvER MAuRn. " Mr. Buchanan, who was the first 1 bachelor electel to the Presidency, was o sixty-five years of ago whoen elected, and s had deliberately given himself to a life tof celibacy," writes William Porrlno, In t the Ladies' louomo Journal. " In the d (lays when ho was a young lawyer of a Lancaster, P'ennsylvamnia lhe had loved y Miss Coleman, a beautiful daughter of a *y citizen of that town. Thuey had been >c engaged to, be married wheni one day he ,o was sulrprisodl to receive from her a re it qu(est to reloso her from the promise. 5 Acordling to Mr. George Ticknor i unrtis. the separation originated in a te misuinderstandinlug on the part of the y lady, who was unusually sensitive, over eo somel sma I mautter exaggerated by giddy s and indiscreet tongues. Soon after the e estragilot sihe was sont tJ Philadel 'a phia,~ and there dliedl suddenly. Through e ont the rest o)f his life, or for nearly S hlfi a century, Mr. Buchanan is not known to have revealed to anybody the f circumustanlces of thiau romantic tragedy. t ie would only say that it had changed s his hopes and plans5, anid had led him ,more deeply than ever into politics as a I distraction from Is grief. In his old 'age, long after he had retired perma r noently to privato life, he called atten tionI to a package containing, he said, e the papers and relics whIch would ex y plain the causes of his youthful sorrow, s and which he preserved evidently-with k the Idea of revealing them before his , death. But when he died, and his will ii was road, it was found that he had directed that the package should be burned without being opened, and his t) injunction was obeyed.o