Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HEPEOPLES JOURNAL 1VOL .-NO. 13 PICKENS. S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 25 190 ONE DOLLAR A YEAR SINATOR M'LAURIN FIRIUS FIRST GUN. A Defence of His Political Course - His Conception of the South's Duty. The Manufacturer's Club of Char lotte, N. C., had an eventful day in its history when the Chinese minister, Mr. Wu Ting Fang, was the guest of honor, and next in rank among the prominent men present was Senator John L. McLaurin, of South Carolina, who read a declaration of his position in politics, and while the address was entitled '' Our Present Condition in t the South and Our Duty for the Fu ture," it was in reality the first gun in his campaign for re-election to the Senate. Hc indicates the lines along which he will fight. le has left the "ruts," he says, and for so doing (to fonds himself, and indicates the line in politics he thinks the South should fol low. Mr. McLaurin spoke as follows: t Mr. Toastmaker and Gentlemen: I desite to make a statement of somewhat a personal nature before e proceeding with this speech, which 1 e intend to deliver tonight. A certain 1 newspaper correspondent in the city t of Washington has persistently spread C the report that I was coming to Char lotte to make a speech which would I launch a new party in the South. The c report is absolutely false. If I had c any such intention good taste would t prevent me from taking advantage of 8 an opportunity of this kind. I am con- c tent to advocate within Democratic tl lines the policies which I believe to be a best for the South, and when 1 cain no f, longer do this I am rea(ly to retire to D private life. 8 In the South we are today realizing N some of the dreams of its far-reaching f statesmen and business men of lifty y years ago. With prophetic eye, they 11 saw the industrial and commercial po- ti sibilitics of our highly favored south- b land. a] With an adv:nce of thought that is tl really surprising, they suggested en terprises of wonderful magnitude for 1 its upbuilding and coinmurcial domi- ti nance. From 1838 to 1860, conven- P tions were held to voice the demands t) of a deepseated public sentiment for p industrial progress. The story of these n1 movements is chronicled in a South t1 Carolina publication, which, under the s name or Debow's Review, did for the S old South what the Alnufacturer's Rec- U ord is doing for the South today. The same spirit which enabled our 0 fathers to leave the field of defeat with b nothing but their courage and their s1 characters left, still lives in the South, ti and inspires you today in your great is undertakiig. The plans of the great Southern ii business men and statesmen of fifty 8< years ago are no longer idle dreams. h Postponed by a cruel war which de- ti stroyed our social and industrial sys- t< tem, and which for years reached co- 11 operation in national undertakings al most impossible, such men as I meet f< here toniglht are making these dreams 11 actual living realities. n Talk about the "New South," the il name is a misnomer. It is the same c, old spirit revived which sixty years ago t] niade the South the dominant power ni in this nation, a position of which is nothing but war could have robbed ri her. W~hat we need now to again at- e tain that p)roud eminence is the same i broad conception and the same comn- c4 prehensive grasp of the true situation. n The last twenty years have wrought an e industrial revolution in the South, d which must find( expreOssion in our so cial and political life. The time is past for the discussion t1 as to whether this government is to be ti one consolidated in its structure or a ti loose aggregation of (so-called) sever 1 eign States. The civil war settled is that. It is useless to dliscuss the ques- ta tion of whether this is to be a purely d theoretical Democratic goverisment or ti an expanding and giant Republic. TLhe o Spanish war seitled that. Why not 'j then accept conditions as they are and ti make the most of them'' The agitation of such issues only e -serves to eidetrack broad American doctrines and should not be made party a questions because they grow out, of I actual political and economic condi- 2 tions, which it is beyond the power of n either party to change. I care not of 1 what p~olitical faith the occupant, of the t White House might have been; for, if -c a true American, nundful of the honor a and dignilty of the nation, the results t of the Spanish war could not be0 widlely a different from what they are today. 2 Whby should our people be time onlyr ones to close their eyes to what isi going on? Why should we mover along in the same old1 ruts and~ insist I that political policies and 01(1 traditions, long since dlead, are vital living issues, and depend upon them for the salva-] tion of the South. The triumphant re- election of Mr. McKinley in the last campaign is full of signifIcance. It is a stubborn fact confrontinig tihe D~emocratic party to. (lay, suggestive of rep~roachlful remem branices and fearful menaces. What a reflectioni that this now Democracy did not carry a State where the issues were discussed andl judgment passed by tire p)eople up)on themi on their< merits. ''f course with us it has been impossibe to decide elections uponi issues. It has boon simply a question of white supremacy. in the North1 andl the WVest, dhissolved into factions, tainted by the errors of Rtepublicanisin andl the follies of l'opu)h~lim, the party could not withstandl the 11(de of popu lar opposition excited1 by unreasonable war, and by the vicious and incendiary I apeals ma-le during the last month of c Lhe campaign to class hatred and pro- E judice. Fundamental. principles were lost i ight of, and in au insane effort to se- P ,ure party success at any cost, the at- I Lemipt was made to combine socialism, p )opulism aind sectionalism, with noth. c ng but thesentiment and traditions of a Democracy. .he real Democratic ti caders of the Senate for the past three t mars have been Allen, Teller, and a 'ettigrew, all of them able men, but ' ne a Populist, one a high-tariff Re- A lublican, and the other, I do not know a vhat. All of them opposed to State it )anks of issue with proper safeguards, d aud most other things we need in the outh. This was called the " New d )cmocracy '' in contradistinction from 0 lie old, and some of its leaders stated 8 hat its creeds were revolutionary and 0 vere so designed to be. n To sow discontent with industrial 1 onditions and distrust of the govern- i ig power; to array class against class, I it the hope of securing fancied social b rid industrial equality, is to my mind ft lie first step in revolution. The South a the American end of America. In tI -> section is there so small a foreign d lement, s)i much conservatism, and di o pure a patiotismu. What a political U aradox then it is for our people to be le lie allies of professed revolutionists G lsewhere. S it was not the pure type of Southern 0( )eiiocracy that the balance of the 01 ountry feared in the last Presidential I lection. They knew that properly in- h orpreted this was conservative and ti afe. It was well understood, how- sI ver, what influences dominated, and w liat, therefore, the South in national aL ifairs was still powerless. One doubt- fr al Northern State had then and has di ow more influence than the entire A outh combined. One party says, ci Vhy should I consult 3ou, I can hope 9( )r nothing. The other says, I've got 8: on any way, and I will do as I please; ci elp yourself if you can. What a posi- b on for a brave, high-spirited people 8l ound hand and foot, the miserable is aves of one party and a football for tc ie other. ci I, for one, do not believe that the 11 eople of the South are ready to trust is is government into the hands of any W, arty to begin the leveling process gC irough the exercise of the taxing in >wer; and yet this is exactly what this tr ow propaganda means, and outside of fo ie South it is proclaimed by the very Pc me class who preach and practice SC )cial equaility between the races. The th vo doginas are inseparably intur- th oven. Go into the West, attend one C: their campaign meetings, scratch P11 eneath the skin and you will find the as ne old social equality dogma, to the vC ne of which the soul of John Brown al still " marching on." cc '"axation for the purpose of equaliz- w ig or redistributing property is rank tr )cialism, not Democracy. Let it take de old in the South and with it will go er iose barriers which we have erected maintain the purity of cur race and to ic integrity of our civilization. fa Another thing-to my mind it is "l lly to oppose cxpansion under the g' ime of inperialisim. It deceives no d ian of intelligence. lie understands P1 iat there is no analogy between this to untry and the Roman Empire, and b iat those %N ht talk of inperialism do >t take into acecounit, that power which ce born of our free institutions, a fort- p~ .as in the hearts of our people strong- er r than any ever built of stone. As in ng as this is there they can never be- n1a >mue slaver; aiid when it is dead it, Si iatters not wt-ether under republic or uireP43 they baicome an eosy plrey. It r epends upoii the p~eople, not the' vernmnent, whether they be slaves y rfreemen. It is the p~eop~le that make ie government, not the government ic people. With a bravo, stroog, in- C ~lligent people, with a free press and >pular edlucation, there cani be no meorialismn. Why should we he afraid - trust ourselves? The whole ten-u ency of the times and the spirit of L ie age is toward Democratic instead ci f imperialistic ideas of government. p; 'he throne of the "Great White Czar" ci ~embles today at the roar of the De- I' bocratic Lion, and the echoes resouind p von from the far off Orient. ti Our people understand that it is not U ctual territory or dominion over p)eo- tt le that we seek, but the expansion of t~i mierican thought, ideas of govern lent, commerce andl civilization. Ii 'olitical leaders might well learn that ti le law of progress will sweep) away as I haff those who would place barriers p gainst. this mighty tide which is des- d ined to spread the Demnocratic idea of A :overnmnent to the uttermost bounds b if the earth. My definition of Democ- fi acy is liberty for mail, formulated b uto a theory of governmlent. It tI iieans man's inalienable ownership of d imself, it means free thought and free tI Ineech, p In coincluding his remarks, Seniator c icLaurin said :il " The South must play anm important iu art in- our country'd ftuture. For a : liirdl of a century she has been haml- 11 leredl by a strulggle for mere existence, t :>rced to devote all her energy and I' itatesmanlship to the maintenance of white supremacy. Thank God, this is 1 lermlanent and assumred beyond per- I idventure of doubt. At last she has a miergedl from her forlorn andl prostrate< ~on:htlon ; freed from her enthlrallmnent,C he can put herself in totuch with the est thought of the age, and again ex ircise aln influemnce ini national life. 1 : -elleve the time will come when thei outh will be ti e hope and salvation f this nation. Jier marvelous growth - n manufacturi enterprises, her de- 1 velopmnent of ural resources and her: rapid advaile1. If progressive thought nd action, i.-4aking her again the4 eading section in this country. The enter of manufacturing in the United itates has been transferred from Fall tiver, Mass., to Columbia, S. C. But r we would make the most of our op. ortunities we must renounce sectional rejudices and support broad national olicies, looking to the creation of for= ign markets, the expansion of trade lid the upbuilding of a common coun y. We must demand and have for ic South a full share of the benefits D well as the burdens of national life. 'he South is vitally interested in the ,siatic markets. Her manufacturers re studying the needs of those people an intelligent effort to turn out pro ncts suited to the markets. 4 The administration is doing a great eal toward improving our commercial pportunities in the east by showing )mo regard for the inalienable rights r China, while protecting the legiti iate demands of foreign interests. ewey's victory first established Amer. an prestige along the Asiatic coast. was then that 800,000,000 yellow, rown and black people learned respect or the United states and saluted us a first class power. The attitude of ie United States since in the field of plomacy in China has given confl nee and increased that respect. The nited States from the first took the aid, and even the warlike emperor of ormany has had to yield to Uncle mi's friendly admonitions. We now cupy the vantage ground, because friendly terms with all the powers. make the assertion that the South s more to gain than any other sec n from the foreign policy now pur Led by the administration, particularly hen the isthmian vanal is constructed, it will be. I have read extracts >m1 the speech of my amiable and stinguished friend his excellency, mister Wu, recently made in Chi go. It is replete with wislom and )Odt sense. We cannot hope and we tould not wish to break down the vilization of China upon which is ksed a polity, society and religion the ow growth of 4,000 years. To do so to destroy the empire in the attempt suddenly thrust upon her| a western vilization for which her people are t prepared. All we can hope to do to vitalize this old civilization with -stern ideas, science and inventive nius, thus making it more potential material achievements. '1 his coun F has (one well to use every ef rt by the benign influence of its litical and commercial power to pre rve the identity of the empire and e integrity of its civilization. Under is policy, it is reasonable to expect ina to become the constantly ex tding market for our products and gradually her interior is fully de loped by a network of railroads and of her cities opened uil to foreign mmerce, the opportunities are almost thout limit. The South now con -Is most of this trade, and with such velopment in the near future it ould increase tenfold. ' We are no longer a purely agricul ral section, but mining, and manu. turing and kindred interests have rung into prominence and demand vernmental policies to protect and velop them. A statesmanship so :risan in its character as to adlhere old political doctrines, either settled the arbitrament of the sword or mly fixed as governmental policies, mot solve the political and economic oblems now confronting the South ii people. Such a statesmanship can t prop~erly interpret present econo c movements, nor providIe by aggres 'e arid plrogressive thought for the (lically changed condhitions now con outing us." TACK IS TO BE MADE WHITE apers a Missionary to South Carolina --He ie Backed by Mc I~aurin. "'he Washington correspondlent, of a News and Courier says that advo of a white man's Republican irty\ in the South have received a umb of encouragement from the esidlent. Among the Federal amp intments formally promulgated at e White Honse is the name of John Capers, of South Carolina, to be at iney of the United States for the d1is ict of South Carolina. Under ordinary circumstances but utle or no significance would be at ched to an ap~pointment of this kind. owever there is said to be a new litical principle underlying the Presi 3nt's action. Siince the election of cKinley for a second term there have en frequent statements emanaling >m Cabinet olhlcers and other memii ~ra of the Admimstration to the effect, mat it was the intention of the Presi cut to assist as far as he was able in 10 rehabilitation of the Republican artyv in the South. As at present )nstitutedi the Republican organization the South is composed largely of -,groes and carpet-baggers, and except hlen a national convention is at, hand ut little interest or pride is taken in ie Southern contingent by the Re ublican bosses at the North. During the campaigns of 1896 and~ 000 a number of prominent Gold )cmocrats in the South refused to upport Mr. Bryan andl giadually rif ted away from tihe old line D)emo ratic moorings. Added to this ele. lent is a younger generation, with ew ideas and new ambitions in olitics, who have, to a certain extent,, eted, or become indirectly associated., vith the Republican Administration. 4r. Capers claims to be a representa vye of the latter class of Southern Do= nocrats. Mr. Capers is at present an sistant attorney to tihe Attorney eneral in the department of justice and is engaged in the settlement of Southern war claims in the Court of Claims. le was appointed to the pre sent position during the last Cleveland Administration, while Mr. Olney was Attorney General. When Mr. Mc Kinley assumed control Attorney Gen eral Miller was impressed by the legal ability and experience of Mr. Capers and accordingly retained him in the public service. In the meantime Mr. Capers had re nounced Bryanism and declined to fol low the leadership of the free silver wing of the Democratic party. In the last campaign lie practically broke away from the Democratic party and went on the stunip for McKinley in West Virginia and other doubtful States. For sonie time past lie has been in frequent conferences with Senator Pritchard, of North Carolina; Senator McLaurin, of South Carolina, and other well known Southern men, who profess to be interested in the formation of a vyhite man's Republican party. One of the most active and in fluential supporters of Mr. Capers is Senator McLaurin, who recently de clined to co-operate with his former Democratic associates in the Senate and has since been classed among the independents or a new convert to Re publican principles. It has been known for some time that Senator McLaurin has been industriously at work in be half of the appointment of Mr. Capers as district attorney in South Carolina. After a careful survey of the politi cal field the President apparently con cluded that Mr. Capers is well qualified to become an administration mis sionary to lead the new crusade in the Palmetto State. Mr. Capers is young, ambitious, has had some expeience in politics, belongs to a distinguished South Carolina family, and is the second son of the well known Bishop Capers, of South Carolina. It is contended that the appointment of Mr. Capers may attract to the Iepublican camp many white men who have reluctantly lingered in the J.)mocrat column be cause they could not consent to ahiliate with a pa ty or organization which was composed largely of negroes. The appointurent of Mr. Capers will surely create a sinsation among South ern Republicans, and especially the Republican bosses in his own State. Mr. Lathrop, the present district at toiney, a reputable white man an ac ceptable prosecuting attoiney, was ap poimted by President McKinley upon the recommendation of E. A. Webster, collector of internal revenue and the political referee of the South Carolina t Republican organization. Mr. Web- i bter, a typical carpet-bagger, has been the Republican dictator in South C.aro- s hua for a number of years. His prm- v cipal lieutenants and scouts are not 1 the kind of men that representatives < of the old respectable families would I care to tie to. In fact it is alleged that many of the negro politicians of the i State are prepared to repudiate Mr. 1 Webster's leadership if members of the cld families will come to the front. An active politician from South Caro lina, while in Washington a short time ago, was interviewed concerning the proposed organizatiou of a white man'st Republican party in the South. He remarked with the peculiar dialect of the South Carolina negro: " I hope it is true that some of the gentlemnen of the State will come forward and lead us. We are tired of carp~et-baggers andI we won't tolerate p)or white trash.'" TIhe ofllcial announcement of Mr. Capers at this time occasionedl genieral surprise among South Carolinians, owing to the fact that District, Attorney L~athsrep's term of ofilce doees not, expire until the latter part, of next July. At the department of justice and the White House there is not, a line or a suggestion to indicate that, Mr. Lathrop is inefilcient or that, any charges have been brought against] him. The incjuiry at the White H ouse, however, brought out, the fact, noted, in the ofIicial hulleti, that Mr. Capers's, apphointment (does not take effect until the expiration of Mr. Lathrop's termi. 1 The records of the White House I show that Mr. Capers' commnission i readls as follows: " John G. Capers, i of South Carolina, to be attorney of the United States for the di-trict of South Carolina, commencing July 24, 1901." There will undloubtedly be consider ab:e opposition to the confirmation of Mr. Capers's ap~pointmenit. It is a wvell known fact, that, the Republican organization in South Carolinia is united in urgimg the ap~pointmcnt, of Mr. Lathrop. Not <mly hams lhe satisfied the membiers of his owni party, but it, is said that the legal profession through out the State, without, regard to party, has ondlorsed him for reappointment.. Ini aidditionl, it, is said that Senator~ Tillmani would rather see Mr. Laithmop apipoinited than any one whom Senator McLaurin might name. It is, there fore prob~able that when the nomina tion of Mr. Capers conmes before the Senate for conf'rmationi there may be a battle royal between the rival Sena tors from South Carolina. Senator M..Laurin is said to be prep~ared to stand by his present, convictins in any emergency, aiid haviing cast his lot in favor of Mr. Capers and a new dispensation in South Carolina politics, he proposes to fight to the bitter endl to sustain the position lhe a~ssumed in the Senate last wiinter, when lhe dis regadedthme caucus dictation of the Democratic piarty and supported the Republican Administration oin all of the great issues of the day. A further enudenice that the Presi denat is fairly under way in his crusade in behalf of a white Republican party in the South is to b)e found in the ap pntet of W. (A. Chaffee, post, mnastr at Aiken, S. C., The latter's appointment, just announced, was maade upon t riccommendations of Senator McLaurim and Mr. Capers, contrary to the request of 6 Boss " Webter, who strongly urged a colored man namedl Dickinson. Chalitfee was a Gold Democrat who had recently en tered the Republican fold. lIe was appointed with the understanding that he will select Miss Carson, formner postmnaster (luring the Hlarrison Ad. ministration, 8a his assistant. The turning (own of " ]oss " Webster in these two instances imdicates a strong determination on the part of the Ad nuistration to get rid of him. It is freely pre(lictel here that Mr. Web ster will not be reappointed collector of internal revenue when his term ex pires. It is also said that he will have a hard roal to travel to retain his member.ship of the committee when the next campaign opens. THE NEGRO IN COTTON MILLS A Sensible View of the Condition of Things In the South. Tle following article was recently contributed to T/u ldepenldent by Col. Jamues L. Orr, of (Greenville, and the editor introluces the article by say ing that "1 Mr. Orr is president of mnc of the largest cotton manufactur mIg plants inl tle world, aId well known throughout, the South as one >f the best authoritieson negro labor." liis contribution of Col. Orr will be 'ecognized as the common sense view Af Southerners generally, but which icems to strike our Northern friends Ls new an( original I cannot say detinitely, perhaps, vhy the negro will never make a suc essful operative in the cotton mills, 'oir I have Seen iiiost excellent band v':avers, laundresses, seanstresses niong the women of that race, and 'arpente'8, bricklayers, blacksmiths Imidl mechanics among the men, both I luring slavery and atter ; but in order o get work out of the negro it is neces mary for them to be oii the alert, doing toillnetig which requires action, for f they are allowed to be quiet they vill go to sleep actually or metaphort .ally in a very few mintites after they ire allowed to stol), hence they have ever been worked to aniy advantage D the cotton mills. It is not a lack of apaeity, nor is it lziness ; it is the acuity of concentrating their atten ion while quitict that they (10 not lossess. Before emanciatiol I knew of mall yarn mills being run entirely by egroes oi the plantations. The ex- t eriment was tried more or less suc- I esssully near Columbia, S. C., on a I mrge scale, an([ since emancipation a ;00( many of them have beeni ltsl in he facto ies in the Soutlh for (oing the envier and unskilled work. In some t laces the machinery, including the t ickers, has been run entirely by no roes, but wherever it has been trie(d aIure has quickly followed. A cotton nill Im Concord, N. C., one in Colum sia, S. C., are ones that I recall in olnectioln with the Vesta Atill in 'har!estion. This enterprise has been tbandoned in the city mentioiied anod noved to Gainesville, Ga., with the letermination to discoi Iue negro abor in thu mill, as it, is a failure. P'here will never ho a better oppor ,unity to teat negro ability under more 'avorable circumstanico. A pilanlt woi th 1500,000 was bought for $100,000, lo :atedl in Charleston, where they hadl i large number of the most intelligent eogroes in the South. With plenity of -apital behind it, as completent a selling gent as thei e is ini New York hand ing their goods and the best maniufac urer in the South in charge of the ictual operation, still after a year's >attient labor xt has proved a failure inot because the niegro could not (do the vork properly, but simply because lie voubt not work regularly. T1hne nec poes31 had no am bition, were satisfied o make half wages, if they were al owedl to only haltf work, were not, wili nig to comeC regularly, but misasedl from wo to three days out of every week, ,vent off to every burial, excursion, >icnlic, and( never could b)e aroused to ,ake any interest in the work. T1he relative value of the mixed glood lhas given me a great, deal of thought, and1( 1 have observed it for years. As a general rule, I would say hat the mulatto is more intelligent and ess reliable, and1( the black negro less nitelligent, and more trustworthy. Tihe iest class of negroes, however, that I ruave ever seen for reliablenmess and in Lelhigence combined are the copp~er col red negroes. I am changing my mind~ very much as to the value of educating thu negro, itarting out with the belief that an edlucatedl man or woman is far superior to one with equal cap~acity uineduicated ; I have about concluded, so far as the negro is concernedl that a ladly ex presmsed the true philosophy ini speak ing oif edlucating the negro when she said that every one of them that you educate beyond the point, of being able to read their Bibles and1( to write their accounts you utterly unfit for their mission in this world, and change a satisfied and hielpful citizen into a wom thless and frequently criminal en cumbrance. The most serious want. that the Sou th will fuel in the next. ten or fifteeni years, if cotton manufacturing incrcases the world over as it, is doing at,. the present time, will be hands to cultivato the crops. In the last, ten yeais the cot ton crop has increased probably 50 pier cent., and we are making 12W an aver age of about tea million bales per year, an~d the world Is consuming fully that much cotton. Our non)ulation has not reased in that period more than 2( per cent. We are now Cltivating at the land in cotton that the South ha labor for, and altho we have sutilcien] area to produce one hundred millio1 bales of cotton, we cannot (10 it inti we get more labor that is willing t work hard and live very economicall) You can 800, therefore, why it is uo to the interest of the South, or an other people depending on the South' cotton, for the negro to be taken fron the cotton fields and put into the mills Another reasont why I do not thiul the negro should be put in the mills h that this inlustry furnishes almost th only refuge for the laboring white peo )le of the South from the strong com. petition of cheap negro labor ; on the farms, in the cotton gins and oil 1ml1 the negro fills practically every place except the boss's. Tle poor white man in the South with a family (e)endent on him i1nds it very h(ard to pay rent on land an1d buy sippies oil credit and compete witli the negro in raising cot ton. That was one of the greatest hardships during slavery, for the white man either owned or controlh di negro slaves, or camte in direct competition with theni in labor. Oe can readily understan(l, therefore, that ti class of people have fouinid great relief by going into the cotton mills, where the) not only receive better w:iges than they could make on the farms, but se. cure better school and church facili. ties, andi are freed from (tie hateful ompetition. There il a very strong itipathy between this class ami the iegro, which is natural, and tho it nay be only a prejudice it is uncon Iuerable. A man may be poor enough ,o be forced to work his family inl the ielhs alongside of the negro, but iioth ng but dire necessity makes iiii do it.; m(d lie would resent most bitterly any itrusion of the negro in the cottoi n ill vork, which he now regards as his )wn. It is all righit -I ei e men a lone Vork, inl tihe mines, at masonry i and dl kinds of hard labor, to iix tle 'aces, but it is wrong to work negroes .n1 associationi with wihite woienm and hIldreu. SENATOR TILLMAN IN BUF FAIO. His Talk on the Dispensary Was Heard With Interest and Curios ity. Special 10 tho N..-..n'Courier. .IIUFFA Io, N. Y., April 12--ite. 3ently Senator lien Tillman, of South .'arolilia, (elivered an a(d ress on the lispensary law of his State before the ndependent Club of .liuffalo. Th1eito iccasion was one of rare brilliance, as he club hias in its meinbership re )resenlatives from the cultivated busI less and professional classes of the city. Lhe great (lining room, in Ellicott quare, was filled with handsomely lressed guests. Vithm Wine glasses on heir tables i and cigars in their mouths lie festive company were ready for dr. Tillman. Mir. Tillman gave an historical iketch of the law. lie descrited 'ie uituation of politics in South Carolina wheii the law was enacted, stiting that lie question of liquor or no liquor had been voted upon by the people, with a considerablo showing in favor of the latter. lie went on to say that when the Lecgislture of the State met it was not possible for the law-makers to ignore thie issue. Something miust be (lone, Hie said that lie got together the laws of States like Maine and Iowa and Kansa,., and carefully looked over the matter of prohibitioni. After giv ing the subject much careful thought, he was thoroughly con vinced that pro.. liibition wouIld not wvor k in South Caro lia-the 1pe01)1 were not ready for it. With the dispenlsa ry law in Sweden b~efore huim he sketched a bare skeleton f the dlispensary law, which pirovedl to je the thing that struck the Lecgisla tuire with favor. It was, indeed, in teresting to hear Mr. TJillmnii set this aw forth as a thing of his own) crea ion while Governor of the State, as we commonly associate the execut ion af the laws wvith the Governor, rather hlan their makinig. Still this was not loiie as an a,. ocrat might have (lone t. Mr. Tijllmalfn had nothing but good words for the law. Its results are fully justifying its passage. Drunken ness has been reduced ini South Caro lina from 40 to 50 per cent. T1hie op~en saloon is not to be seen. T1heo Stalt( controls its liquor stores, pays mei salaries for taking care of them, thum removing tihe temptation of such mer to dlefraud1 the State. The buisiness ib p~ut upon an entirely new basis ir South Carolina. TLreating and1( nighi drinking have about disapipeared, a ."e dispensary Btores are not the seem of s' rinkmng, closing at sunset. Ilt (11( not regard the law as remov inlg am other d riniking places friom the State. There are a goodl many secret places whero liquor is sold1 in Souith Caroli'ia. Mr. Tillman went on to say that he alttr'ibuted mulhch of the~ success of theO dlispeinsary law to tile fact that South Carolin ha1 i's its p~opulationl mainly ini rural sectionls rather thian inl large cities. It is tile great city that is hard to handle ini the liquor btisiness. It was claimed that prohhibition would have railed in Sou h Carolina just as inl some oilher parts of the country. M~en will have liquor, lhe statedl, and if they cannot get it lawfully they wil get it s(ome1 other way. Mr. T1illmaun claims that so long ai mien hiave appe~tites they will seek t< gratify thlem. " Men are not atngels.' If thme dlispensary law holds on in Soutl Carolina a new generation practicalla free from a vitiated appetite may make au better law; but till that times comel the dispensary law is as good as thi Every Cotton planter should write foroirval uable illustrated pamlIet, " Cotton Culture." It is Sent free. U.\ IA N K \! \ m. ,au St.. N. Y State cani atand. Ie said that some people objectud to the State's drawing an income from the business; to the State's goin' into the business. l{e replied to this by saying the State was already in the lusilness when the law was passed, and wan it not better for the State to get the unscrupulous bar keeper out of the way; give the people pure liquor, and get all the money the business yielded when properly and economically managed? The Senator referred, in passing, to the hard time the State constabulary had inl Charleston when the law went into force, and rather felt that Charles ton wanted to be a sort of btate by itself. Various questions were asked the speaker. One that caused greatest laughter in the reply it got was : "Do you think file dispensary law could be Worked here inl New York ?" "No-' Mr. Tillman replied, " 1 do not thiik you have civic virtue and patriotic spirit enough to adopt the law In New York." In the course of his ret .rks Mr. Tillman said: " We have in South Carolina about 10 dispen ries. (I do not know that, I quite give the numn Del) and they supply the whole State. ere in Buffalo you have a city of 350,0 0, with about 2,00 unio0ns." The contrast was telling, indeed; for Buffalo has one saloon to every 195 persons in the city. Mr. Tillnan made two mistakes, which lie conld ill afford to make in his address, holding as he does the high position of trust from South Caro hia. lie spoke disparagingly of the Christian ministers in South Carolina. lie fell that their attitude toward the dispensary law, which is working un told beneflt for the State, was open to reprimand. lie appeared to speak In a alut ring way of the preachers in gen eral. I think Mr. Tillman erred at this point; for my observation of Northern people is that, while they may not all recognize the claims of re ligion, they seldom speak disparaging ly of preachers in public addresses. --houhl Mr. Tillman see this article I trust it may put him on his guard against the repetition of his mistake. Aniother mistake of Senator Tillman's was his uitnnecessary acknowledgment that lhe is himself a moderate drinker. That dlid harm. He sid: '' When I I want a drinik of liquor I go straight in to a salooni and get~ it, ; that has al ways been liy way." But, only a few miri1utes before he had been rnnning the saloon-keeper djowni, in his (dirt~y business, and1( speaking of the open saloon as a menace. Now for him as a Senator of the Umited States to say in the presence oIf a great gathering of men, many of them young men, that lie visited bar rooms and drank liquor was a nistake. Better keep that a secret if lie must do such a thing. Every possible courtesy was accorded Senator Tillman, and munch admiration was expressed for him as a man of great force of character andl a "flghter." BUFFALONIAN. Booker T. Washmngton says that, the colored giaduates of Tuskoegee, Ala., have raised over 250 bushels of sweet plotatoes from an acre of ground in the same locality where the un edlucated colored man raises less than 50O bushels to the acre. Mr. Washiingtoni attributes the great d (ifferenc i in the crops to the know Iledge of the chennstry (f the soil which the educated negro has acquired. H le says that the white farmers in the neighborhood respect the colored gra duItates, because of their superior know ledge anid skill, amid that the come to them for progressive ideas in regard to fa; mamg, buildinig and all sorts of thmngs. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought 3..a. the Bignature of MONEY TVOLOAN On farmtr g lands. Easy payments. No commissions charged. 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