Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL VOL ti.-NO. 11. PICKENS. S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 11, igor. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR CARNEGIE I8 DOING GOOD. Bill Arp Undorses the Great Steel King and Makes Suggestions. " Scale it, Mr. Fricks, scale these prollts down 5 per cent for the next fiscal year. The books show tiat we are getting too rich. Put down the price of steel rails and put up the price of labor. We are but trustees for our fellowmen and a million a year is enough for us." If Mr. Carnegie had said that ten years ago, he wouldn't be so perplexed now about giving away his money. Ile says it is a sin for a man to (lie rich, and as life is uncertain and death is sure, he seems to be in a hurry about getting rid of his millions. The flve millions he has settled upon his aged and indigent laborers is a benefaction that everybody commends. The twenty-five millions that he has given to the cities for public libraries is not especially commended by anybody ex cept those who receive it. It is about on a par with Rockefeller's twenty five millions to the great. universities. Neither gift reaches the masses of the people nor alleviates the condition of the poor. Geoige Peabudy's and Peter Cooper's charities were much more sensible and effectual. George Mullers' life work, who without a dollar of capital to begin with, established or phanages in London until he had over 2,000 in charge when he (lied, and from year to year maintained and edu cated them, was a much grander charity than giving inilions to colleges and libraries. George Peabody's mil lions built blocks of good comfortable tenement houses for the laboring poor of London, houses that were furnished and equipped with every comfort and every safeguard for the health of the tenants. Besides that, lie left a large fund for the promotion of education in the South. There are many charities far more needed by the people than giving them a chance to read free books. The poor do not have time to ready very much. A right hungry man can hardly get religion, much less enjoy a story book. But still we commend Mr. Carnegie for his good intentions, and if lie had given two or three thousand dollars to Cartersville, I would have said. " Mr. Carnegie, you are a big-hearted Scotchman, sir!" I hope they will elect him mayor of New York. The reason why the public praise Mr. Carnegie so is because the public is surprised. Such munificence is so uncommon that it is unexpected. The gift is really no act of generosity, for, as he says himself, ii is a sin to keep it, and die rich. He got all his millions from the '4bor of the people, and now he is trying to pour some of it back in the jug. That is right and honorable for the ore was God's and the labor was the toil of his men,. le ought to pour it back and give some to the toilers whose sweat earned the money. This is pure morality and common sense. Every man has a moral right, and it is his duty to make suflicient profit from his labor to m:intain him self and his family in comfort, and even in luxury, and also to lay up something for his children and for old age and for the accidents of life; but beyond that his rights under a Christian civilization (1o not go. le then becomes a trustee for his fellowmen who are in need. Not that he should p~arcel out and dis tribute to each one his share, for it. cannot be done, but lie should make some investment that would insure the greatest good to thme greatest number. Nevertheless, Mr. Carnegie is scatter ing his money. He is sowing wheat among the tares. Hie is giving largely to the waalthy cities who can providie their owni libraries, H~e is scattering his money; I mean the surplus, that has grown to b3 a burden, lie has just finished a million dollar mansion in New York and has another in Scot land, and a few millions in reserve for contingencies. We hope that these small holdings will not interfere with his intention to die poor. No, there is no0 peculiar grace in the gifts of Car negie or Rockefeller. They are a stur p rise, that's all, for not one in a hun dred of the millionaires (10 such things. Most of them hold on and pilo it up for their children to quarrel over. The Standard Oil Company has just de clared a (dividendi of twenty million for Rockefeller. He crushed out and ab sorbed all competing mills and still sells oil to the consumers at 15 cents per gallon. Cheap isn't it ? Buthe hundred per cent. It is the common people, the masses, the toilers andl the poor who buy the oil, and exery gallon '~ ~' takes a nickel from them that ought not to be taken. God made the oil, and man gave the labor. Mr. Rocke feller hiad but little to do with it. Most of his millions really belong to God and the laborers, it is no sullicient, answer that lie has endowedl a college. The children of the laborers are not in it. It's too far away and too high up. These colossal fortunes are becomn 4ing alarming. They endanger good government, for it is still a fact " that riches and virtue are rarely found com bined." Laws grind the poor and rich men make the laws. A graduated in come tax would limit these groat for tunes, but alas, we will never get it. It is too late. The upportunity has S passed, for rich men make the laws. SMillionaires control the Unitedc States Senate and will resist any tax that limits or lessens their estates. T But it is wrong for us to envy the Srich. In the economy of life and the Spursuit of happiness it seems necessary to have rich men. They build ships, Srailroads, canals, telegraphs and tele ..phones, cotton and woo'en mills, reapers, mowers, flour mills and a thousand other plants that furnish us with food and clothing and add t the comfort of mankind. The work would make slow progress withoul them, but when they begin to unloa their vast profits mankind will criticiz the manner of it. Generally they un. load it on their children, who nevel earned a dollar of it. Some of then would carry it all to heaven with then if they could. Many of them give a part of it to some church or charity as a kind of passport to heaven. An old friend of mine who was pretty hard up borrowed $5 from me one morning to pay one of these darn little just debts, as he called them. Ile said his creditor was annoying him, but before he left my office a committee from the coun try called and asked us to help to build a country church. I gave them a dol lar, but my friend subscribed $5 and handed over the bill that I. had loaned him. After they had left I asked him why lie gave so much and he said: 4 Well, I always give that much to help build a church. I do not belong to any, for I have not yet felt good enough to join, but I have lived in flive counties and practiced my profession in fourteen and I have helped to build country churches in all of them. It may be that death will catch me un. awares before I do join the chuich and St. Peter will reiuse me admission into the heavenly gate. But I will have one credential, for I can say : 'St. Peter, I know I have no. been a good man and am not fit to mingle with the saints, but I have got a little stock in every country church from Rabun's Gap to Tallapoosa-and maybe lie will let me in-maybe so. Major, could you lend me another *5 without incon venience ?" Of course I did, for lie was one friend whom I never refused. le (lid join the church and I believe he is in heaven now. Charity is the greatest and most blessed of all virtues. As the poet says: "It is twice blessed. It blesseth him that gives and him that doth re ecive." But when a man with $100, 000 income gives away $1,000 of it to ease his conscience and secure a pass port to heaven, he makes a mistake. It will do neither. A man's standing in the community is determined more by his charity than anyting else. How much dues lie give to the church and how much to the poor is discussed by his neighbors and lie is rated ac cordingly. Not long ago I gave a problem to the young people. If a mai sells a sow aiid pigs for $18 and gets as much for one-tenth of the sow as he did for nine-tenths of a pig how many pigs did she have? 1 have received scores of answers--most of them making it nine pigs and soeic say ten pigs-one smart girl makes it seventy-two pigs and one smarter man proves that the sow had 1,791 pigs. Strange to say every answer is correct. Nine pigs gi% es $9 for the sow and I cach for the pigs; Seventy-two pigs gives $2 for the sow and 11 2-9 cents for a pig and it would take the seventy-two pigs to make the $16. Nine cents for the sow would give 1 cent for each pig, and therefore require 1,791 pigs to make ui) the $18. It is a see-saw sum. As the price of the sow goes down the number of the pigs goes up and any number ii correct. Now let me ask the school boys and girls to hold up a little on compositions and speeches. Please excuse ein for . I lave inot the timle. It would take eveiy hour in the day to compliy with all their requests. B3mLLr Aar. AN IMPORTANr &OEMENT. The First Public Appeal for Jus tice and Mercy to Animals. In the early pairt of the century just past, in tile year 1811, in the English House of Lords, a scene was enacted tihat, so far as known, was withlout a parallel in any legislative assembly. For in that small chamber, in the very bomne of conventionality, surroundled b~y men whose names were synonyms for exclulsiveneSs and1( conservatism, Lord Enskine made the first p)ublic ap peal for justice and mercy for tile kower animals. The " noble lord,"ifor auch lhe was, stood up~ in hlis place and presented tile caseC of these creatures on whom tile passions of the callous or cruel had been ventedI without restaint from the beginning of timie, and~ the other noble lords brokce forth in (deris ion at the absurdity. " It is said that loud jeers, vulgar ejaculations, inle corous demeanor, and even whistling and cock-crowing were prautically the only reply givenl to the grand speech of this high-souled man.'' There was no oneC who took part ini tile astonishing scen~e in the House of Lo0rds who couldl have imagined that lie was assisting at an era ill the his tory of civilization, and that from it would (late the inception of one of tile imost important and far-reaching of all movemenits, tile movement known ne " Humane,'' which has for its object the elimination of cruelty from th4 world anmi tile inculcation of kindnesi to all living creatures. Yet here hav< always been humane heairts, and~ imuag inations sufilcien tly alive to comlprehien< suffering even inl the persons of being! below the hmuan level. About a hlundredl andl forty years before this time Sir Samuel Pepys pu into his diary one of his little sketchel that prob~ably gives us tile situation al clearly as anything. Being out fo pleasure with some friends, lhe says " I carried them to Kensington, to i Grotto, and there we sang to my grea content, only vexed In going In to se a son of Sir Heneage Finch's beatin of a poor' httle dog to death, letting lie in me much pain that made me ma to see it, till by and by the servants the house, chlding~their young maste1 one of them came With a string, ani killed the dog outright presently." I The bystander was not without feeling, but he could (o nothing till, when the I boy had tired of his sport, the servants Imight fIlnish it quickly. In spite of the brave words of Lord Erskine the law took no cognizance of the suffeiing of animals until 1822, when a statute was enacted in England " To prevent the cruel and improper treatment of cattle." Afterward other acts were obtained improving upon this, and in 1824 the first " Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals" was organized in London. This grew in grace until even Hank and Fashion, those twin gooddesses that can make or mar anything, smiled upon it, the Royal family gave it patronage and by command of the Queen it took the name of the " Royal Society." Then, in the year 1862, the United States sent to St. Petersburg, as secre tary of legation, a man by the name of Henry Bergh, who in Rtussia received an education that was awakened to a duty not contemplated in his oflcial instructions for there he saw and was enabled to interfere in cases of great cruelty because of his diplomatic posi tion, without which lie would have been exlposed to personal violence. - On his way home, three years later, he made the acquaintance of the Earl of Harrowly, President of the Royal Society, who gave him valuable inlor mation concerning the work of the society, primned with which he landed in his own country and immediately set about creating interest in a similar movement in New York. His first lecture arouned much sympathy ; the press took it up ; the lecture was pub lished in all the great cities in the coun try and the first American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was incorporated in New" York, April 10, 1866. Since that time many otlher such societies have been organized in different parts of the country. An important step has been the or ganizing in the United States of nearly all such societies into one great body known as the " American Humane Association," which meets every year in one of our cities, each local society being represented thereat by delegAtes, and of which the President is now Hon. James M. Brown, of Toledo, Ohio. To these meetings delegates bring their experiences and discuss the best methods of action, one of the ob jects being the amelioration of condi tions in the transportation of cattle. Another is the missionary work by which it seeks to extend the number of these organizations, with the hope that there may be eventually no city or village without a humane society. But what does till this mean ? Is the humane society imereiy an agency to prevent the abuse of animals or little children? Not so. Amiable and necessary las is the work from this point of viwy, this is only one of its objects. This humane movement is one of the most important of all civi lizing agencies, and its advocates hold that in it : evolution i, cannot cease from the cat th until in the human race the predatory animal is extinct and his place is taken by a person of right rea son and all-embracing beneficience. PICKITT DID NOT DO IT ALL. Statement of Interest About the Fighting at Gettysburg. Editors Atlanta Jiournal: I have been much interested in the stories of the war betweemn the States writteni by meni who served ini the ranks andi lately appearing in your columnis. I served ini the infantiy from First Manassas to Appomattox. -At First Manassas I was a private in the Seventh South Carolina Volunteers and1( esp~ecially deiailed as orderly for General M. L. Blonham, who held Mitchell's Fordl or the center of our line. In 1862 1 was transferred from Kershaw's brigade and the Seventh South Carolina Volunteers to the First South Carolina Rifles of Gregg's' (af terwards McGowan's) brigade, which was und 3r .Jackson until his (death, and then under A. P. Hill until the surrendler. This statement will intro dhuce me to the Georgia survivors of the Armny of Northern Virginia. One of your correspondents from Wright's brigade, speaking of Pickett,'s charge at Gettysburg, says :" It cer tainly was a most hazardIous affair. They suffered heavily, and yet 1 have niever been conviniced the battle of the second~ day previous should stand in history as the bloodiest fought battle of the two." Another correspondent, a survivor of Semmes' brigade, says :"Th'le sub sequent sacrillce of Pickctt's gallant (division was simply murder." I believe ini giving honor to wvhom honor is dule. P'ickett's loss has beemi greatly exaggerated, and~ for nearly 38 years the fancy story of this " sacri fIce " has beemi written up in glowing wordls until many persons believe that P'ickett did all the fIghting at Getlys. burg, andl that Georgia, North Car. ohina and( the other States wvere " not I Let us see what the figures prove an to P'ickett's command at Gettysbury before the battle and after it. From July]1, 1862, to Junne 30, 1863 1 13 battles were foughit by parts or thu s whole of the Army of Northern Vir S gmnia. In these, Pickett's dlivision r consisting of Garnett's, Armistead' :and Kemper's brigades, lost ini kille< S andl wondi~ed 772 men,, while the brig t adles of Archer, Lane anid Scales los e in killed and~ wounded 3,610 men. g At Gettysburg Pickett's dlivisioni los it in killed, 232 men ; Hood's division d 843 ; Early's division, 156 ; Johnson' af division, 229 ; RodeB' division, 42J1 r, McLaws' divIsion, 318 ; Anderson' d (lVISIn, 47 ;hlohi'sdivsion 41 Pender's division, 212, and the cavalry lost 36. At Gettysburg tl:e loss in wounded by divisions was as follows : Pickett, 1,157 ; McLaws, 1,538 ; Ifood, 1,501 ; Early, 806 ; Johnson, 1,269 ; Rodes, 1,728 ; Anderson, 1,128 ; lleth, 1,905 Pender, 1,312, and the cavalry 140. In the captured or missinig the losses by divisions were : Pickett, 1,499 ; MqcLaws, 327 ; llood, 442 ; Early, 226; Rodes, 103 ; Anderson, 840 ; Ieth, 534 ; Pender, 116, and the cavalry 64. From the above it will be seen that Hood, Rodes, McLaws, Heth and Pen der each had more men killed than Pickett. Early, Anderson and Johnson each lost fewer men killed. In wounded, McLaws, 11ood, John son, Rodvs, Ileth and Pender each lost more than Pickett. Early and A nderson lost fewer mien. Pickett lost in captured 1,499, nearly three times as many as Ileth, whose men went as far in the charge and stayed as long as Pickett's did. Pickett's tiivision was coinposed of 15 regiments and his loss in killed averaged a little more than 15 men to the regiment. This certainly was inot much of a slaughter or sacrifice. Georgia lost in killed at Gettysburg 421, while Viiginia lost 388. This does not inelude the cavalry and artillery. North Carolina lost in killed 686 or 198 more than Virginia. This destruction wrought by the ar tillery at Gettysburg has been described as appalling, but the loss in killed of the Confederate arlillery was only 78. While the loss wias so small the moral effects were somewhat like at the can nonade at Valmy, where the invading army under the Duke of Brunswick was defeated by the French Republi cans in 1792. Most of these figures are taken from Ollicial Records of the War of the Rebellion," Series 1, volu-ne 27, part I1, page 338, etc. They are published so that justice may be done and that the present generation may know who bore the brunt of the battle at Gettys burg. On March 1, 1.i;5, Pickett had 388 oflicers and 6,151 men effective and present for duty, but at Appomattox only 120 officers and 911 men were paroled. IUOnEwlr R. H EiI LL. Abbeville, S. C., March 22, 11101. VEST'S TRIBUTE TO THE DOG. The One Unselfish Friend That Man Can Have in this World. Years ago Senator Vest was attend ing court in a Missouri town and be came interested in a dog case. Volta inous evidence was introduced to show that the defendant had shot the (log in malice, while other evidence went to show that the dog had attacked defendant. Vest took no part in the trial and was not disposea to speak. The attorneyvs, however, urged him to make a speech, else their client would not.think lie had earned his fee. Being thus urged lie arose, scanned the face of each jurynman for a moment, and said : ", Gentlemen of the Jurv : The best friend a man has in th'e world may turn against him and beco:i:e his en emy. Ilis sou or daughter that he has reared with- loving care may prove un grateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. The money that a man has lie may lose. It flies away from him, perhiaps whieni he needs it most. A man 's reputation may be sacrificed in a mo ment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall oii their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice whein failure settles its cloud upon[ our heads. Theli one abso lutely unselfish friend that man caii have ini this selfish world, the one that never dlesertsa him, the one that never pro0ves ungrateful or treacherous, Is his dlog. A mian's (log stands by him in prsert and~ in poverty, in health and in sickness, lHe will sleep on the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow and the sno~v dIrives fiercely, if only he may lie necar his master's sidle. lie will kiss the hand that hasi 1no food to offer ; lie will lick the woundls and sores that come in encounter with the roughness of the world. lie guiardls thme sleep of his pauper master as if lie were a prince. When all other friends (desert lie remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pices5 lie is as constant, ini his love as the sun in its journeys through the Heavens. If fortune drives the master forth aii out cast in the world, friendless and home less, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard against danger, to fighit against his enemies. Andl when the last, scene of all comes, and dleathi takes the master in its embrace, amnd his| body is laid away in the cold groundl, no matter if all the other friends puir sue their way, there by the graveside will the noble (log be found, his bead between his paws, his~ eyes sad, but open in. alert wvatchfulness, faithful and true even' in death." The jury gave a verdhict for $500, al thaough the lhai,iff had atskedl for $250 only. TIhe uncertainty of what a jury will do or will not (10 was forcibly illustrat ed in the circuit court, in Iowa last woek in the trial of a couple of whiskey I cases. TIhe same witness was used in both eases andl testified to exactly the same facts in) each instance-that he bought and p~aid for and (drank the tliquor. The purchases were made ,under precisely the same circum, s stances, not varying an iota in an) ;particular. The jury fIned the dlefen s dant $50 and costs in the one earse anti ;acquitted1 him in the other. TO THIE AMIRICAN PISOPEIS. The British Conditions of Peace Offered the Boers-Why They Were Rejected. Mr. Chas. D. Pierce, consul gent cral of the Orange Pice State and treasurer Boor relief finid, writes as follows in an appeal to Americans: The offer of peace proposals by the British and their rejection by the Boers, opens upi a new period in the struggle in South Africa. In again appealing to the American people, therefore, to make their voice heard and exercise their utidoubted and ac. knowledged influence in the affairs of the English-speaking world, it is con sidered desirable to lay before them the intents adI purposes of the peace propositions which the loer leaders saw lit to reject, in order that they may judge impartially and give their verdict, on the sile of right and justice. To this end it will be necessary to con sider the propositions in detail as they were put forward by Lord Kitchener, commanding the British army, and Sir Alfred Milner, British higfi commis sioner, in South Africa. In the fIhst placo it is to be noticed that. the overtures for peace caie from the British through the intermediary of the wife of the Bloer commandant general, Louis Botha; this is a signi tIcant fact. It is also to be noted that, Gen. Ilot ha always spoke in the name of his government, while the liritish colonial secretary, Mi . Joseph Cham berlain, ondeavored toldraw him into a false position by making the question at issue a personal one between lie British and the Doer general. Lord Kitchener, at the meeting with (eni. lotha, declinedl to consider lie riuestion of the indepenemice of the Republics. Ttiis was quite natural, as the war has proved to be one waged solely for their destruction. Mr. Arthur Balfour's speech at the out. break of the war, in which lie spoke of ('the insolent Republics," and Lord Salisbury's refusal .o allow "1 a shred of independence," cannot be forgotten. The military ad miniistration is, after the war, to be replaced by that of a Crown colony, that, is to say, taxation without representation. After an in definite period, this aigain to be sue ceede( by representative government. AmneEty to be given inl the Trans vaal an( Orange Free State for all bona-fide acts of war (luring the hosti lities. In so f-ir as this is not, non sense, it is suggestive of bad faith. When the war broke out the Orange Free State was politically and legally Constitltcd and recognized free and in dependent State, and it ws the only State in whose relations with the South African Republic the British govern ment expressly and unequivocally (is el.aimied the right or power to interfere. 13y the coLNveItion of 18841 the then British govet nment reserved no other ight, over the South African Republic except that of revision of its treaties with foreign governments (always ex eepting the Orange Free State) during tihe six months following their con elusion. The belligerent rights of the two republics were recognized by the British government when it communi catled its being in a state of war with them to foreign governments; these rights eannot now be withdrawn by such a subterfuge, unless Gen. Bothia had acceptedl this aniesty conditioni. T1hue offer to respect land, church p~ropert3 , trust, funds,. and orphlaii funds, was supe~rfluous. Tio have done otherwise would have beeni naked p~iracy. The permission to have the Dutch andI Fnglish languages taught in the schools and employed in time law courts was offemed simply as a piece of political expedliency. The offer to give assistance to farm ers to rebuild and restock their build ings andl farms was subject to limita tions making it of little value. The commission to inqluire into the circunm stances of the (testructioni of buildings and~ stock, appointed as it would have b~y men ini whom the Boers can have 1n0 confIdence, woubt have been open to suspicion from the beginning, andI would have repelled high-minded men from seeking relief at its hands. The 8sum1 offered, also, was dlerisory-$'5, (000,000. The condlition piermitting arms to lbe retained under license I or defence against natives andt wild beasts, re qjuires no comment,. T1hie recognition of the legal dlebts of the two repubbies also needs no comment, It is only following the ctustomu of civilized gov ernments. Th'Ie next andl last cond(itions were the really serious ones. The giving of the franchise to the Katllrs after the establishmtent of representative governmtent, is a proposition bearing all the marks of the sinister influencet of Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, It lind niever been even broachedl in the (dis. eussions that preceded the war, anc could only have been put forward foi the purpose of humiliating the Boors andl swamping the D~utch clement b2 means of " loyal " natives, trounedl ii the English langu age. .It would als< have served another purpose. Thb certainty that represenmtasivye govern ument would bring with it the nativi vote, would lead many D~utchi to pr fer the continuance of Crown colon governmenit--thle very thing Mr. Chamr berlaio and the presenit British govern ment is aiming at. In that, way thei disfranchisememnt would lbe indeflnitels prolongedl. Tihe refusal of the British to anmnest; the Coloniial D~utch who had mad< coimmon cause with the republics was of itself alone, calculated to secure thi rejection of all the rest of the Britisi conditions. Ha the republicnn lead era delivered over to the British gov ernent, the men who stood by thea in the dlangers of th war, withou conditions and guarantees of their safety, they would have deserved the reprobation of the American and all other liberty-loving peoples. It would have been dastardly and dishonorable beyond expression. It would also have well served the purpose of the British government whose motto every where is to " divide in order to rule," by creating a gulf of mistrust and enmity between the Colonial Dutch and republicanburghers for all time. In refusing to accept the British conditions, the republican leaders have shown great pOlitical sagacity, and the same wisdom that marked their conduct during the negotiations preceding the war. While they have to (10 with men who have shown them selves so unscrupulous in all their dealings as have Air. Joseph Chamber lain and Sir Alfred Milicr, the safest manner of negotiating is at the iuuzzlee of their trusty rifles. While they coni duct their negotiations in tihis way they know at least with whom they are doahing-with a cruel and implacable foe. Lord Roberts (listinguishe( him self ill South Africa by the same fero city that in the Afghan war called down on him the condemnation of even such truculCt exponents of British sentiient, the London Timies and Standard. The ghoulish exploit of Lord Kitchener at Owdurman, andl the terrible savagery of the British in their fighting against the Egyptians and Soudlanese are too fresh ini the re collection of the American people to need dwelling on here. Looking at, the claims of the British to be a Christian and civilized people, the (toings of their armiy in South Africa are little to be distinguished from those of the Turks in Bulgaria and Armenia. It is indeed a pitiful Spect4acle that is presented al this dawn of the twentieth century, of a people whose name both the free anid op pressed of all nations had hitherto re garded as synonymous with honor aid justice-the hritish--delivering them selves over to do a work of unrighteous ness and greed. In the interest of humanity at large, the Amet ican people are asked to raise their voice in no uncertain manner and demIand the cessation of the fra tricidal strife in South Africa, and the restoration to the two republics of the independence and liberty they have so nobly and heroically defeided at the sacrifice of all that brave men cherish and revere. As the greatest and freest of the English-speaking nations the American people cnil appeal to the British in a way no other people can. We therefore appeal to thei to briig their mediation Il faivor of peace and reconciliation. The Britih condiuons left the burghers of tihe republics no choice but to continue the struggle for freedom, as did the Americans of the Revolution, even when all was dark around them. Is the struggle to go on until the republics are utterly wiped out or tho iR itish Emnpire destroyed ? Or is it to be arrested that both may be saved ? It lies now in the power of the Americm people at this supre me hour to decide. New York, March 29, 1901. The S'outhern tailway Company will c:.:pend $27 ,000 in track construction and freight and passenger stations on the grounds of the South Carolina In terstate and West Indian Exposition, which openis ait Charleston, S. C. ,D cember 1, necxt. T1hme Exposition ground w115 ill cover ain area of 250i acres along the Ashley Rtiver. One of tho features will be the Pinehurst Tea Estate, the only pla1ce in the Western llemisphere where ten is grown for commerce. Practical illustrations of its growth, culture andl preparation for market will be exhibited at the Char Icstoni Exposition. The Midhway at tractions will cover 22 acres, the main attraction being " TIhe Streets of Mex ico,"' which will occuplyI 125i,000 square feet of space. Theli Directorate of the Exposition have devotedl $5,000) for the purpose of making an exhaustive exhibit, devoted exclusively to showiing the induistrial and intellectual advance ment of the colored race during the past qIuarter of a century. Success in farming is often caused by attention to (details; failure is just as frequently due to neglect of details. Not every farmer applreciates the signm ficance of ia rotation of crops by which deep)-rooting are alternated with shial low-rooting plants, for instance, and yet it appears that there are consider able posibilities in a practice to this effect. Thus it is held that there cani be secured a "greatly increased lenmgth and1( development of potato roots when the potato crop) is precedled by a crop of long-rooted luipimnes, and the con sequient increase in growth of vines, freedom of thme vines from dlisease, and yield of tubers. These results are espec. ially noticeable ini dry years, and are Ithought to be dlue to the greater suipply of water brotight within the reach of the plants by the longer roots.'' It ma held that dheep wvoiking of the soil wvill prodluce thle same sort, of results. 3 Some very promhinent and influien - tial religionists claim to discover a fulfillnment of D~amel 's prophecies with - regard to the milhennial period. They assert, with a good deal of earnestness, - that we have already entered that era, - and that the time is rapidly apphroalch r ing whien we wili reach the meridian 'of peace and Chlristiani development. TIhmey surely read the omens of the y times in a brighter light than we en 3 joy. The iiewspapers teem daily with ,reports of sinl, wickedness, crime, war, yand all manner of wrong-doing. Tfhe .world may be growing better, as many assert; but cortainly there is still room for improvement before the promise( i era of peace andc holiness blesses the t aeth. To produce the best results in fruit, vegetable or grain, the fertilizer used must contain enough Potash. For partic ulars see our pamphlets. We send them free. GERMAN KALI WORK.S 93 Nassau St.. New York. rEST&TIE SUMMER SCHOO4 Official Announcement of the Faculty and L4eading Features. It is still two months and a half be. fore the opening of the third session f the State summer school for teach Drs, but the lines of work to be offered liave been definitely determined and iost of the proposed instructors have )cen engaged. Already the teachers >f the State are making their plans for rttending the school, and nany boards )f trustees are taking action looking to niding their teachers to attend. Super utendent McMahan regards the pro pect s of the school as most sat isfactory md furnishes the following informa .ion, which will be given in greater letail in the announcement of the !ourses of instruction soon to be issued mnd di.tributed to the teachers . Free hand drawing will again be aught by Prof. Jas. William Pattison, Af the Chicago institute, with four lady assist ants. A course in South Carolina history and one in general history will be given by Prof. R. Means Davis, of the South Carolina college. That in South Carolina history will be particularly " live," stressing the personal eletient in Our politics of the past. A course of conversational personal reminiscences on South Carolina his tory will be given by Dr. James It. Carlisle. Dr..1. 1. McCain,of Erakine college, will teach English grammar, with sp ial reference to Buehler's grammar -ecently adopted by the State board or use in the public schools. Courses n English literature will be given by L'rof. St. .James Cummings, of the Cit (del. The efort to introduce into the pub lie schools the teaching of sight sing ing will be continued by continuing to offer the teachers the opportunity to he themselves instructed in this art. The instructor this year will be Dr. 11. 11. Peters, of Converse college. As heretofore, the musical director will organize a chorus, whose entertain ments will prove the means of amuse ment as well as culture. The grand organ in the new auditoriumi will con tribute to make these choruses mag nifIcent. Prof. W. C. A. Hlammel, of the Maryland State normal school, will continue the course so admirably be guin last year in school physic. andl in manual training. T1he latter wvork (to which a large number of teachers were necessarily refused ad mission last year) he will be able to phmt~ on a larger scale, as lie will bring with him an assistant trained in his methods. Prof. J. V. Lewis, of Clemson col lege, will teach phIysical geography, using Tarr's book, which has been presciibed for the public schools by the State board. Frye's geography will be taught by7 Superintendent Frank Evans, of the Spartanburg city schools ; and Superintendent E. L. Hughes, of the Greenville city schools, will give a course in school geography, globe making, etc., along the liues which proved so practical and popular than last year. TIhis course will be f uler last year and1 will include certain facts of history related to the geography study. Prof. Marshall D). Earle, of Furman Urniversity, will teach mathematics, and1( Prof. A. (l Remnbert, of Wofford, will have charge of Latin and Greek. JKindergarten principlel andl primary methods will be0 tatught by Miss Min m11 Macfeat, of Winthrop college, and Miss Sarah Withiers, of the Chester gradedl schools. Miss Sarah Chandler, of the Spartanburg city schools, will illustrate primary methods with a class of small children. Nature study will be0 in charge of Miss Sarah C. Thurs ton, of the Columbia schools. Courses in pedagogics and school suplervision will be given by Prof. Wardlaw, of South Carolina college, and~ Sup1erintendent W. H. Hand, of the Chester graded schools. Mr. James L. Hughes, inspector of schools of Toronto, Canada, will probably give a week's course of lectures. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought US n ur. ef