Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE EOPE'S JO R VOLc'1.to. 6na .. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 7, o ONE DOLLAR A YEAR THE OUTGROWTH IiXAGGERATED STORIES 1 V 1at a Correspondent Has S; derson An Attempt to Revive Sec [Thii(e Philadelphia North Americ County for the evident purpose of ma cent exposures of unlawful conduct i of the correspondent has been faithfi following extracts from his account of there. A careful reading of this c leftly woven Witi sectional bias an sired effect in the North, and thes may know to what, extent this section *CoIA MII.A, S. C., Feb. 24.-Slavery eXists in) this State to-dlay (and in Jig barbarous a form as beffore the war The whole iniquitous system has beer re-established it certiain countiics everything excepting the slave market. But without, the market slaves are boight and sold amoi ig the planters, who place a p ice upon the slave Con. tract which holds the unfortunate ne. gro in bondage. To the credit of South Cazolina ht it said that the Governor of the Statt has raised his voice again this bar. barity. Ti'he .J udges lire against it, imiost of the Stale ollicials delplore it, and the beet citizens generally express their condemnation of the methods em. ployed by uaniy planters to nullify the thirteenth amend ment to the United States constitution and to tender void the Emancipation Proclamation. Aut, in spite of this senutiment against slavery negroes charged with no crime are Mhi't 'up in stockades, guarded by overseers Who frtquepily -resort to the lash, "ind when the unfortunates escape they.are run (own by bloodhounds and armad guards. Inl at leaSt one instance a free negro who.chad beeni shut up in one of these -t )cy(ades- was shot down by the.planter who owned the contract simply.because the 'eg'o desired to escape -from the bondage., Ttiere are rumors of many other sucb casos where neg.roes have been killed in attempting to run away. Those who are best acquainted with affairs in :-outh Carolina say that this slavery system is the outgrowth of the convict laior law of thi State. It is within the last five years that slavery has b'-en reintroduced. Planters secur ed convicts from the State penitentiary, and this gave them the privilege to build a stockade. 1avmg~ the stock ade they secured non-erinminal tree negroes and shut them up With the coin victs, working all alike in the cottoln tields. Other planters, envious of those who got cheap labor in this way,. built, stockades without. any ponvict, lease and tilled these prison yalds viti free negroes. - Gradually the system lihas spread over the State, although the Governor and other ollicials say that it exists only in Anderson County. The North Americtin 1-orrespon(eit is in formed that in the adjacent State of Georgia negroes are similarly con fie(l, amd worked under labor contracts. in other Southern States they have labor contracts, but are withliout the stock ades. Probably the planters have succeed ed in placing their netzro laborers in slavery because the negi:o. has been p~ract ically di1sf) anchisedI in this State. It is saidl that if the negroes could vote hey wouhld be able to cast 40,000 more ballots t(AJthe -whites in' South Caro lina. Blut by providing rigid educa tional and propecrty quiahticaf ionis for registration, the whites have practically obliterated the negro vote.- Only 3,500 colored t men are qualified voten mi South Carolina'this yeai-, Since the ulegro has .no longer any p)ohtical power and~ is not believed when a witness in the cotirts, lhe is un able under the lawis of the Starte to p~rotcct himself. Colored medi are as helpless in South Carolina now as they were in the old slavery (lays, but the force of pulblic sentiment may. be able to do something withotut the interposition of the general government. The grandl jury in An. derson t'ounity is now investi&(nting the labor and stockade system, and hais been chairgod by .Jud~ge W. C. lienet t~o find out, the .tal~e facts and bring in a return showing what planters in that county havecbeen hokting the negroes as slaves. *'The planlters themselves (do not seem applrelhensive, however, as they say the grand jury visited the stockades a year ago and did nothing. WVhile it is true that the planters aire not frightened and will not believe that the local authorities really ptrpose to do away with the new slavery system, they are notwithstanding much annoy ed by the investigation that has been begun. This ls because the negroes who have been held in the stockades and Jasheod bf-'the lirutal ituards are no0w looking forward t.o anotlher Emani cipation Day and running away from the planters, senking reftige in the towns. In Anderson County, alone in the inst week, more than 200 negroes h'ave tied fro4~1-:hQ Cotton fields and~ reC fused to Work longer und~er the con tracts. 'This.:hg. enra'fged the up1-to) date slave.owners, who threaten ven geannee upon the men who, they say, have incitedl the negroes to leave. There are rumors of massacres to come, and any day thiere way b.c a wvholesalo attacfC upon0 the fugitive farm laborers in that county. T1he exposure of thle slavery system wvas brought about in a very p~eculiar way. Tlhere are in the towni of Ander son, the county scat of the county of that name, two trial magistrates. One of these got most, of the work conneeted with the dIrawing up andl acknowledte OF CONVIOT LEASE N A NORTHERN NEWSAPER Vd About the Stockades in A County. :ional Hatreds and Prejudic( '11 sent a correspondent to Anders king a sensational affair out of the , I the convict stockades, and the missi illy carried out., its will be seen by t the alleged slavery conditions existi Drrespondence will sho0w that lacts 1 I prejudice inl order to produce the I extracts are printed so that our readc is being maligned.] mont of the labor contracts, und which the negroes are held as slave the other magistrate recently went in the newspaper business, and being f miliar with the systen. in all its detail determined to put a stop to the enslav ment of the colored men, if possibl Ite published in his paper a careful worded editorial, which revealed tl facts in outlinie. One of the first men to build a stoci ade in Anderson County was W, I Neal, who was afterwards made Si perintendent of the State penitentiar fie got .his convicts from the Sti prison at Columbia, and confined thei in a stockade built on his farm, four live miles from Anderson. Your correspondent was unable I learn whether or not Mr. Neal place in his stockade with his convicts aii free negloes. At, any rate, his exper once with this kind of cheap labor mu. have been very satisfactory, for his e. -ample was promptly followed by othe planters. J. S. Fowler, who owns many farm in the county, and who now has b( tween four and live hundred negroe oil these plantations, hurried to Colu1n ba and got a leatse fiom the prison di rectors. Ile brought, back convictQ and soon improved the system by shut ting up in his stockade other negroc: who were not convicts. Mr. Powler is a moldel faim'er, an if lie had lived in South Carnlina be fore the var would have been gener ally admired as it humane and consid erate slave owner. lie treats the ne -roes well. If they are ill, they ar, given the best Of medical attention : I the' are well they get plenty of heart' food, so that every one of th-in ma' do a hard day's work. It is true tha they are shut. i) at night in a stockade or', at least, havu beeni, unuil the gram jurors began their invest igatmi. It i true that there are bloodhoun(s arount Mr. Fowler's stockade, and true also that his guards sleep with weapon within reach. But for all that , he is . careful and kind man to his negi la')orers. Mr. F'owler it was who originated with the aid of his lawyers, the con tract ut der which colored men are heic i slavery. I he alone had used tha contiact Iperhaps it would not hav been so hard upon the negroes. Bu other planters got the blanks, Induce< negroes to sign the agreement, conin ed them in the stockades, surroutide< them with gumlid- and bloodhound: and abused them shamefully in man other vays. When Mir. Neal secured the appoint ment as Super'intemldent of the Statt penitenitiar'y, his friends itn his hiom< counlty prepared to reCap a ich~ hiarves1 by get ttng their labot' for a mere noth, ing and redutcing their systemi of eni loym'nent to th~e pllan im vogue b~efor< the war'. AMr. Neal's nephew, A. 1' Newell, got a few convicts andt built a stockade six miles from A nderson. Mr. Neal's cousin, dJ. Beiton Watson, wam able1 to get a gr'oup of convicts nadt alst butilt a stockade, Others who benetitet by these convict leases wete W. Q Ilammnondt, Mr. Neal's bondsman ; I. It. A lien, and .Julius Millet'. Each o1 these men eret'ctd strong stockades placedI their' convicts tinder gtuardl, go other negroes andt placed them als< underci guard't. Ther'e is miuch secrecy conicerning~ the names of the metn who, 1not having convict, leases, butilt stockades and1( con finied negroes in slavery withmut ev'em the color of the law. Hut onie of thesi illegal stockades has been vi'.itedl h, the grand jury. It, is that of ihas AMa gee4 built, on his land in Andersoi County, neat' the Ge orgia line. 'Thi manli has no convicts, but. scores o slaves, ie gets his negroes -most c them imprisoned for debt-in Georgia taking them out, on bonid from vai'ou Geor'gia cour'ts andit carrying them int, another' State to work on his farms. Poisons who ought to be0 well tac <luamitld with such matter's inforn y'our coi'respondent that therteai' scoi'es of less extensive stockadesi Andersotn County. Tihe r'ec->rds of th that the only per'sons in t hat cout who are enititledl to gt State con vict under' lease are J. S. Fowler', W. (, Ilammitond , P. B. Allen, ,J. H. Watsoi andI A. TI. Newell. Only a few weeks ago W. S. Newvell briotheir of the man~t whol has thle conici lease with the State board of priso50 directms , wats arra'iignIed in Atndetrso1 County coui't for murd'er'. ie had she dlowtn one Will Ilull , who had been fc mionths con ltined ini his stockade by vir ttue of the terms of the remarkalbi labor contract origintated by Mr'. Foe ler. Ilull was not a cotvict and1( neve h~ad beeun. lie waus a free niegt'o. New oil soeui'ed his hold on) the man b huying tip a claitm foi' debt againast hit: and( 1101d him in thle stockade to wor out the money it is allegedl Iull ower( According to the negiro slaves o Newell's plantatioti, whot wvere itntei kt, J. T9 Boldip I.d \". 1.Pay. " ' .13. Allgoo iad liese JBwe I A e culsvillo TPownship, JOS01h L. t O J, J P.Plobinlsoil and \\. J. e yOung Lewell that he ws going to s leave. The negro slaves on the plai tation, convict :ind free, who witnessed oin the shooting say that Newell replied to re. this statement on the negro's part by lpromptly drawing a gun and shooting d [own the colored man. he There was a brief trial in the court rig that took two hours to get the jury, C5 hear all the evidence and reach a ver Ie- diet. Newell testified that the negro, Ilull, picked up a stone, was inl the act r8 of throwing it and at the sante time opening a knife with his teeth when lie was shot. Precisely similar t.esti , mny was given by the armed guard Gray. The jury was out ten minutes to and acquitted Newell on th. groun I that he shot In self-defense. s, This W. 8. Newell, who escapedi a 0- murder charge so easily, was seen and . questioned by the correspondent for Y The North American. le is a well spoken young man, and perfectly can did in talking about his slaves, both convict, and free. As might be sup. posed, Mr. Newell is of the opillion| that the negro ought to be a slave, and that lie is better so. C When Mr. Newell was asked if the shooting of the free negro had not moved the Judge to charge the grand jury and investigate the modern slave d system, and was not really responsible d for the public outcry and the excite Y mont among the planters, the farmer L- answered : " No ; I don't. think the shooting had anything to do with it. I don't mind r telling you what I think started all this fuss. I had here on my farm a nigger woman for a cook. She was a nice, likely young woman, and had a hus b hand and a boy about 8 years old. One day the husband and the boy were picked up by Quint Iammond and thrown into his stockade. Of course, I (on't know why Quint took them, 3 but I suppose lie I.iiAhft not have been feeling well that (lay, an1d perhaps was just a little mad about something. Anyway, llammoid locked up1) the man and the boy in his stockade, and kept them there. The woman was naturally a good dcal excited about it. She wante.d her boy. I would have liked to have got the family together, but she was thinking about the boy so much she really couldn't work well - so I thought I'd try and get the father and the boy from Ilamimond. I would hlave done it, too, but that I learned IHammond asked $100 for them. I wasn't, iea(ly to pay any such price. It was too much. So I just dropped the matter. "' When tlhe ' womnli found that, she couldn't get her boy, and that I wouldn't pay so imich for him, she began to take on at a ureat rate. I understald that she wrote to the GAov ernor. If she (lid I have no doubt that the Governor may have referred the letter to Judge Benet. This, I take it, is really what started the ex citement over this thing, and what caused all the trouble to us planters.' THE ANDERSON SCANDAL. If Abuses Exist the Guilty Per sonls Will be Punished The Charleston News and Courier has interviewed Govern or M. H. Mc .aweeney in rcgard to the stockade scan dlal in Andlersonl County, and lie replied as follows " The matter was first brought to my113 attenition by an anonymous letter from And~erson County. The letter was v idlently written b~y seime igno Irant perisonl. It dletailed horrors among so-calledl slaves. I sent. the letter to Solicitor Boggs, with instiructions that he take the matter up at once and make a thorough investigation. This lie is doing. A few (lays after this the editorial in the Anderson. Mail appear ei e. Now I am not iln a p~ositian to say whether the editori al or the letter causedl the investigation. But a fur thier investigation is going to be made, and1( 1 believe tihe proper parties will be puniishied. 1 (do not know whether - the crimes said to exist, shouldl reall3 be charged against. the stockade Owners a of Anderson County. We must, re 1 member that there are always two sides 1' to a qluestion andl this undoubtedly has Stwo sidles. Our opinionis must now, 8 therefore, beC drawn from ex pite 3 statements. When the trial comes up~ those meni accused of imprisoning - negroes under warrants of false arrest Iwll employ the best attorneys in the e State, aind the complexion of the case may b~e entirely changed. I have every reason to believe that Solicitor Boggs v is going to (10 his duity, andl all the iother officers, for that matter. If the s innestigat ion, however, is not what it .should be I shall conduct an inivesti Sgaition myself, patying for it out of the contingent, fund. Th'le matter is a ,serious one andi~ canlnot bo cried flown. t I look uiponi it. pretty muctih as 1 (do i lynching. I have always used every 1 power to protect a muan fr ma a mob t and will continue to (10 tI.<s. Th'le r L egislatu re just closedh appropriated $3,000 for expenses incturred in pro e tcctling negroes from mobs1), or more politely, harm. I am ready to give r twice that amount to protect a man's -life. If the men in Anderson County y are guilty of dloing what is charged against them they should( be0 hnutedl k dlown andl pulnished. I beClieve that . jsome white men work negroes pretty mules or horses. In Amldeaomn thm egroes have been imprisoned and beat, not because they were Iegroes, but because they were ignorant. I be lievr that if the thing is not stopped white mien will also be iinprisoned. " No more convicts, however, will be leased to private parties after De. cemnber 31, 1901. in cases of this kind where a person would lease a convict or convicts a contract would be drawn up between the lesse an~l the State. The lessee would bind himself to treat the convict or convicts hu nanely. ilut I have known these con tracts to be broken. About two years ago Superintendent Neal, of the Pleni tentiary, reported to me that a colvict, who had been leased to 8omeone in the upper part of the State, had returned to Columbia on account of bad treat ment. The convict was badly bruised and maimed. "( I believe in exposing crime, but there is such a thing as giving too much publicity to matters of this kind. If the conditions are aired too much before the investigaiion begmns, pre Jludice may enter and the situation re. solve itself, in the eyes of many, to the view of a white man against a negro. Too often in such cases justice is not done." T1i1tLMAN IS IIAPTY.--The) Washinig lon L'ost says that Senator Tillman is happy. The pension bill in which lie was interested has been signed by the President. A few dlays ago Mr. Tilhnan swore before Almighty God that Ie would not let any pension bills pass the Senl ate until his own particuiar measure had been acted upon. lie hadt a con stituenit down in South Carolina, named Jii Thomas, who fought in the Mexican war. IHe was a brave manui, beyond a doubt, for lie climbed the hill of Chapultepec and helped to Jull1 down the Mexican colors and raise the American flag. In anotlher battle lie had his arm shot shot off. Ile got Iis pension, but, having in 186i1 given his aid and comfort to the Confederate cause, his allowance was cut off. The Senate agreed to re-pension him, huti the Ilouse held up the bill. That is, the holding Ip process lasted until Mr. Tillman (elivered his ultimatum, aind then the bill was passed. Now pen sion bills go through the Senate as if th -y were greased. It sometimes pays, says Mr. Till man, to show your teeth. But the end is not yet, for the passage of the bill is virtually a repeal of the law which dis bars a Mexican veteran from receiv ing a pension because lie sympathized with the Confederate cause. And t here ire thousands of these oid veterans in Lhe South. AMS. NATION ON SOCIAL EQUA iAi V. -The Wichita ('exas) Eerald says: ' There is something real ironical i the career of' Mrs. Carrie Nation, who is just now playing a star engageient C in blessed Kansas. While fi Texas e during reconstruction days, she amd her husband published a paper in Rich 111011d, in which they alvo-:ated the pious New England doctrine of social and political equality. They were not destimed to see the fruition of tleir dear hopes for Texas, as the people of tichlmondl, whose minds were probably too dense and whose souls were lto narrow to see the real beauties of this adlvamnced doctrine, served sonic stiaiige n1otice on~ these apostles, and mthey folded their tents like thle Arabs and silently stole off' to Kanusas. Ihere Mrs. Nation is realizing the dream (of her younger (lays for the celiality of the whbites and the blacks. Since she began her role of saloon smashing, she has twice been prosecuted by a negro assistanit, county attorney anud once has been compelledl to accept a iiegro saloon keeper ats her bondsman, or remaini in Jail. WVell, it does seeml that one caii plretty near get what be wants in Kansas." PRIO(itE:SS OF S(CIENCE.--The rapid ridvance of one of our most useful sciences is brought vividly to miindl by the following item which is going the rounds of the necwspapers: wh Auus lrassart, a silversmiith. wh ade the plate on which Daguerre made the lirst successful photograph, is hiyimg mn St. Lomis at the age of eighty one." We are accustomed~ to regard da guerrco-types ais very atntiqjuatedl pro ducts, and yet only a little more than fifty years ago not a daguerreotype luhd ever been made. Omit of D aguerrc's imycntionl came miodern photography with its many and1( iincreasing wvonders. The advance of p~hotograp~hy has been so rapid in the last fewv years that the: old silversmith in St. Louis, who made I le late for the first daguierreotyp~e must feel that lhe has hiv'd long in. deed. In 1 879J D. Tlennyon, a Mars hmall Count, K ansas, farmer, built, a barn, and~ to add to its weighit so that it would not be blown away by a cyclone, as the 0old one was, lie storedl twenity tons of clover hay ini the loft,, where it remnainedl unt<.uchued uint il recenitly. lie is now feetding it. to his stock, aiid it is as bright aind wholesome as if it were out of this year's cropi. A welh kinown l iible reader savs the fifteenth P salm has been calledl the gentleman's P'salm , because it i an accurate description of what a gentle man is, i. e. , one who leatdeth an in corrupt life. speaketh truthI from his~ heart, doe1th no evil to his neighbor, is lowly ini his own eyes, keepeth his word eves 3 ugh it be to his own hinadrance. 'rhe South Carolina Press Associa tion will take a tripl to the P'ai-Ameri cani Exposition t hiis s,,n,,noi. 1 ,1144 ARP WRITES VERSES. His Troubles Began When lie Wrote Lines in a School Girl s Albuim. An album's pages tell of miiany a friend Lost t) file sight. but to Ile' memory dear." h'1ose lileies are the beginning of Some verses I wrote in at school girl's albuitm lifty-foutri years ago. The little book is near me nlow. It is old and war-worn and it iia kes ine sad to turn its leaves atid read the preity verses tlat adornii its pages. 'llo atiliors were her bet frietiIs m and all are (ea14 but otnet- tlhe one now writin this letter. 4 Friend after friend departs --who I .as not lost a tie n d ?''" 'I'lhis album was captured dur1ing ti. uncivil war and carried away to Ilabvloii and kept a prisoner in a strange land for twenty-onie years and Ile was retrin ed through the tnaiil. It takes con science a l g tton. to brin. r-eien talice to soie people. ''lhat school girl is my wife-...she is nlow sitting by ier window sewig, niiking a little dress fo r a grandlhibg,. Will -li never sttop i niaik tog little garmnetits ? I asked .Jessie last ni-i-h. how Ilan y ga i erits it took forti her little Caroline ill each and every year. and slt count edl them up -- eight little 1re'csses, ten petticoats, fouri1 pair la d a rlaweis , .two pair ntiglt drawers anld me loak- a y twenily-live( gainntlis tor' witer antd ats maniy more for suiimmter, ;11t4l she makes most of them hI e iself. A Iy wife . has done all this for ten rhildrei 1until they wete lifteen years ol. l-illy tinies ten makes.0, and 5010 u114s I lIinakus 7,.-)0 garments aill sli still keeps working on. But she is tot n-om t 11o tili not palm ' I 11W nr is het eye ditiimed wenlt she has ot lii sohl-llollnd glasses. )h. these go,>d Ald mothers. Mine did the stin'e iti-g For her flock and my wife's nothetr ilie mmne for hers and so <do th .y aull- ex :ept some. I le~ved my muother' dearlh, m1t. it grieves mile sollietities t1hiat I didl iot love Ier btter, for I did n141t re ize how much she did for mle and tow her very soul was wrapped lp i er chil1ren. Stop yoting ianii, Stop itd think, wilien vou are far alay fritti ome rollicking ati(d trolickinii wlithI our gay com n ),%iinl -s!Itp sotle iit mus top alid think o your goodtlnther lnd write to hier a loving letter. Iope-. il and sad she waits for every mail tnd never despairs. But about albumis. A friend Ihas eLft his with me foir perstial -one if hese o11 tine mental photograph ic Ibitns witi about twenty qute Iin lls to )e answa.red. I have seen t hem I (tre 11111 Was atmse(l at thi' ants welis, t this one intetested tie for its pa ge ont aini ani au tobiographiy of imuny l)le ai iitotable nit'i. It ell Is a coni - lensed story of' tleir eiloiolla! amI tiental ellaracter. When a inatn of liought is asked to write ai answer to luestion lie is both cautious aid sin ere. Ile knows that lie is making an xhibit of hiiS inner life to every One vho reads it. Thiis album legi'is with Alex Sleph -u ill 1874 atid lien lfollows "itl obert, 'ootibs, IIeracliel V, . olh.nstoin( ;enieral Kirby Siitli, .1amtes 1R. INt all1, iihard AMalcohn .jolmsonl, L,. Q. . lunar, itichIard II. Clark, 1.lohn 1B. or1donl, Thmas At. Norwood, Riev. . M. l'almer, lieury S. Foote, I gan .leckley, jober .l. lI'urdlette, Panu * . Iaynie , .1. el (Chatnller'I a rris,* Wal ace I'. lIctd, Al rs. Oct avi a Walt on~ 1,e eri , .1 udge ll ook , iia rdI A. I 'r~c toir, he gtreat aistroniomerci, antd otheris. Sver'y name is tioble anid no t abl)e , and hietir iswers are inde~lxes to thir ch la CIeci s. Stephl en's f av.orite b ooiks arte st iltoni, P opein and1 Shakespiear'e, Itis lerot ie ie Ibecca itn "'1vani (te. h tis in., li(1 farmittg; his best trji jit titan s truth and in womni ntidesty. TJootmbIs' laites'iIt~i areSli l tha elear ay ; his chiaiacter-s int iltiont ltitenzt ni h ist-.>ry S cira tes ; hiis fav~ortte toc mipationt haibdling air' castles: best trait ii mani justice, ini womtan eb(1aitLy : thlte um of lhuiman hilapinies~s is to mnake itheors haippy. G;oveirnior .1 lthnson Ii kes IPope, )l il otn and 14~ roni andt Swedletibor'g, knows oth ing of romiantce ; hiis best (in1tratterts Vashin gton and 1(Je ffer'soni; hiis accupj a ion reading anid wr ii ting; thie hiighiest r'aits trul t hiand benevolen'e ; his wvatchi 1'ord( duty. ,Kitrby Smliih likes Grtay'. Yountg and1( enn iyson, Scott,* Irtvinhg antd ihacaui ey ; his fatvorite charailcters Sit' Gailla mad atnd St. Paul;' his fatvorite occupa in " miakintg love t) tmy witf;"' his est traits ill miatn aire trth and totnesty, lie Sumti oh hainiiless conitenittiet. .lamhes lI. lIanidal li kes s"halkespearet' uid Bytroni, Bitlwetr, Thackaera'.y a.nd dactaulay : his favorite chiatractetr in omianice ts Wtaringtoniii ni "Petdentnis,'" n hiistory l.'enteloit; Occuphat m ion reaig 1( ndrig; thle Ihighiest, trait int muai levotion to prtintciples, in~ womani tnodesty ; lie sumti of'li humani happinIiess 5 rign~tat ion. H. M. .1 litisoti liked lByr'on, Scott, ( ats atnd M mrs. IIelaans, Maceauil e icetr Au rel iius; occupationi scribline uim of happiness consc(iousniess of ~od's favor. -~ (I- C. Lamar' liked best I yr'on i burus, Macautlay, Jhulweir and 'utarchi; b est cliaracters Grteathei art ii ' P ilg'rirui 'a P rogress," in 1hitory iashinigton anid Ibmnien ; his favo 'ite OCCupaitioni teachin tg in cotlege ; the umI~ (of humtiatn happiness it5Ihe love of H1ev. B. M. Palmoer prefetrred Shakes >eatre, Milton and~ WVordswvor'th, bacotn Ilulwer', Scott, aml Gobismttith - best haracter's William, prince of (Oriange, Waghngton and Leeo; Itis favorite oc Ilupat ion prteacbintg the gospel; best tra it troth ; soum of hu mat h IappmeissC a good 'onseinee li. .1. lhur'dette likel Airs. Ilrowin<i Carlye, Thackeray; his favorite chI, acters Colonel Newcome and CromweL 1)e1 1rait sintcerity: 81111 of IluI)ItlpeS a 1hom1e full of frietias. IelltIy S. Foote liked Shakespear at] Byron, AMacaulay atl Tacitus; Ii fivorite characters ol Mortality anm Washitgtont; the sum of happines: C01jugal felicity. L. E. ileckley chose Slakespearte Blyron anl 'Teniyson, ll[amilton , mil and Pascal; his favorite claracters 1)0 Quixote uld Mateus Au reliuls. John 1. GrON1011 IreferrlCd Slthkes petllwe, MAlaeuhiy tld Carlyle; his favo rite characters Washiigtoni aid Cato his favorite occupation raising flm stock ; beat trait in man, itntegility, it woman telelrness. T. M. Norwood, Shakespeare avid lYiron; best trait il inman hotnor. Wallace 1'. Revi likes Shakespeare atl ,Macaulay; best chaacter is Napo 'on; best trail, jttstice; s1u of all happiness is a lutIpy Iyhome. .1)(l Chailler Ilarris prefers Shakes peare, Scitt ald Itacker:ay; best char. aefe rin til INcol; favorite (cclpation louking after my roses; best Iraitt im:l t 3s hIs ntlesty, ill woian Slimlesty: sum (f litilliati Inppitn'st to ble at homei. All oIf these itien ntne tih swectcs Worsl in our h.i''ut aint also the sallest. Amn' the ltst are host forever lost it might. have bvee, frientless loptless -frlor mt tt a smost of theni be-gin with thel Ilth'r I), as ilisappoiniztt113t1 ii'tnav, el'strii Siont, ileslpair, (h-Ilts. hiins, i-aith, ll itationi aid the litvil. Thewe are t her writr inl tls al huii, bit spIce forhifs. 'T'llSei are i nouIghl for a young ni'm ii Ii cit4'4 frornt. P'rom Ihese It m call lvake utp a goool library, Io' there is not -, oll's tionlable booki amon)Ig iftemi. e. peare ar NicAluley are inl thet Iell hter aithiloirs amd Washilgtonl for character, Srut h for the best, trat int 111an aial iesty in w(lia. A boutlt 11li t- se itieni likedl the carly 111torn1 amit ill. ither half the wiligit, except, htv Lve, , ). '. Iamar, whio says his favNolite hourt is I o'clock at nlight (0 niever. knew bef'otr thlat. hc ph1a) 4.4 poker.) Of these sixteen notable men just, haltf art elc. Teir reconil is tnale up1) ml31 the book is. cloise. 'I'Tiir utliluenice u1onl the presenit gvin rationl auinot hQ estimnitl nor tver-est inat eil. No great or golitl ma i ( itw '4tatan aits anl adefluate en141v 4of what it- it t' br11h is w'iuth to manlkitdl. I,ast ahhatht we htearl a very graui <iscollse ilpl enlvumnlent from Re-v. Mr. Mumfilorri, wht has establisltel tha-t itllistrial 5chio)l iear. lacin for the rI eitctii ciiren1.. of the State, those( who are uinler the banl at1 %Vllwo noboily wanlts ai nioboly cares for the childrei of liuikenl or Elisrpultable plrents atl wv hoima n0 orphatnage will receive. The oltloqueit aild carnest. preache' <luclareti inl words that bunt (: "1 Men :ti1d women ar' not born, they are .nade! Made by their enl viroinent1s, their parents or their early associates." Ilie is goilg over the S(ate galtheritig up t.ht friendless anid pleaditg with fihe gooil ptt-ple to give these chilrelnt a cia lice. 11 (;Ive every frierniless child a cbalice,"I he eatliestly exclailed. Hlis text, Was "Becar ye one anlother's httrlels anid so fillill the law of 1'1s ,' I is a : 1 a-<lllenthe r who can listeni to It1n11 arni not ..v. somt.e t hing. T'letre shotuld he :IlltelI cities Aitnl I w~ottth iannyer, ".wsllishnet4ss.' Amteritcant mu111ton1, says:: Grea:t liitin, itt whtose brteets tere are' hteavy, lisby atitd excessively fat Iincoltt, the teitnier 1~eicestter, the .olti Shtropshire'1 am3l :1he htight ilavotretl in the NorthIt; but in the Soth it will be1 someiLtine before the slab-silu-l ra1 zor-[licek will Ibe (ute~i(l fromt its lirst posit ion by anty sheep~ wiitsoevert."' South is faineris alttInot alfor4t' to keepi oft thle everi pre1set <hug. 'I4Ttntesstee enni gr'ow as5 11in a <juaility I, shteep ats was tever reared'c m 31-',tn.dhuttl, bothI for 1nu1tiott antd wool. I ~raeltlieal mien kntow this to lbe a faict, bitt at fact, which wllt eI0 :veitat o1 lon bg as the dog is atmste t. -~ Ais/h illie iu riuna. OnI e htundalred antd sixty mi les atn Itu is13 1 the~ speed aimined at, by a n ew electric ra Ilway comnpany mn Oermang untder the di rect, patron~tag~e of' then lrmper'or. Caris with alcconnnodations f'or fifty pet sons eacht are ntow beinet hitit aind will be trid otn a thitI kilomt,. r track, I1, ts intendelid to utst etectri city 1)n3ly for the express pas senger' serIvice, as totr freight tand ilota t ratlie steam is expete d to remttatin tIth power tfor a lontg timet. Sellintg grainut andl hay fromt thte Itar' ~in hul1k r'edutces thle proit int Iwo watys It. is expensive to handle ail haul, antd it takes a1way veemeonts of fcrt iity thaI shouldl bei saved ii returned(1 to thei soiil. I-ceed hog, shetep an3d1 (:t tIe, ands so imarket your prodne131t ini thet mo)(st cond)entsed formti and4 it i the eaieit way, on the htuotf, atol4 keep1i up th land while yout are cr3inl~g li. virtually fias countrotl of the fertilizer situtiontju in th Sioutt. It ha~ts bouiight the 2,700 acrles ofi hoi~ belonginlL tot the Co. ilThis hu13ul is sid to4 be the finest Pahns)1 nevert: live more than 250m y'ears, I vy has beeni kntown' to live -lan, chtesttut sot, oak I 6t00 anid ye' 2 M~IJ years. r- A X, S C I' I'N No v ~crop can be grown without Potash. Supply enzough Pot ".0 0, ash and your P profits will b~e airge--; without Potash your crop will )e "scrubbv." Saolit "unpositiol' of fertilize-rs lAN K A.1i ) 1 K, 4- . New York. THE TER MS STATED BY CUBA. The Conditions on Which Relations Are to be Had With United stateo. Tlte constitltionil convention at I nvana has completed the work of (rawi'g up the (calases in the constitul tIon Ieferring to the relations betwcen 'h andll~1(1 tie lited States. The fot lowtig rulation1s were adopted: -1. Tle governmeit of Cuba will nlot tlllke at treaty or agreement witli ally foreigli power. whlich may com prolmise or litiit the ildepemendee of ('1ha1, or wlicll may permit or atutlorize ally power to obtil, by llealls of c(iolnization1, or for miltitairy or naval Jill I'poses, or ill ally ofiler niller, foot l|old or autliority or right over -my port ion of Cubha, "2. The vrovernmenti will not permit its territory to be used ts a base of oplrations1t f0mor war a1gItitist, the (IlitedI States, or igainst any 14 oreig i nation. ".1". Thevermn Of Cut accepts in its entirelyiv the treaty of Paris, In w hi3 are' a (ied the rights of Cuta, to th., extntll of the obligationis which are- exphecilly indientedl inl the3e, and cspectally thlose whchvh ititernia tiond lIa w imoposes for the pratection IIf lke .111i projiity. 3i3l sibtit tites itse11f fI' tle lt'nitd States inl the Oveie whichI theky ts'sulined ill thlat IN se acet mding- to articles 12 and( 162 of, the Ireatyv (4 Parns. "-I. Cub'a ) r-ogn'izts a1 legally va&lid all acts If t int ilitary tovernmente 111(1it thet-, period o )f oetllipatioli, allo thIerights arisin- out, of them, ill cOn. forii with tile joilt r 1Soluion 1111 OhwFrae amedntaal the exist inl- laws ofII Ith counti. "o Tie governments of' ilI teinited (heir cominlercial ielations by means of ia treaty biaedl o reciroeity, alll with tendencies towar-! fre-e tradle inl naturllal ane manufaetured pr'I oducts, multially aumn111 Iiig. - tr le special aivan1tages iln their espective marlielts." The Schileie of r1 ebtions was IIi. li,!yl approvedt b~y dte conlvenltionl. Two horst-8 previouls tn tlt'x 0he ' p Iub oeeting aII exeiutive sessiowasel w ieento draw 111 a preotnbite al revie the0t report cf the pe al committe .0A othiero wasi then tkevng n the pretbr fnro t'ielie fored1111 ii te adoption of the Wcem of11 lI relactine l'recmmndedbyr rthe lunix ted 8~et ttate Sente comitvee. 11411r (liCi'Sneos~tl opposed~ f the onethe rina to ha Cuba41011 thase dpedet iand relios with the Unbiete oftato.eri fot ti e re~t'llltcen of the13, 11( ettertro ltle O utlining h hueshs f.h Wasluntoi n ietiel'' ieardingutur rea4o1. tO1, assertsl th1at te o~nen Iatiens w1bpit the objec of0. preserving thet' 1m.penden0c1V fC." a adt~a Ihe sugl'1getiea totii navaltionis as gt'mti~ fo tose l'is. l(eonene "ucht as inil itlf, the preamllhe jioe s on3..31 to liy, "wou ' fmilycveragins lthe dependenceot ,which bopties llegarding5 1( th othericndits i ons sug-Cl III'u31h11as rtais loans, the prntt~eamble - poit out1)that t~he arc fll covredl by th e conitut3I lion, a l~ whi documet1 its ti oiiIn o ( theonei, futupry al 4lws asi to th( 1rights 11 of er t(ad1indivilual-' rihts.lveiioiCol 501e1 artdig the11011 1saitary qexst ifn the p freamble, dlareslI1l Illat the fute)gov rnmentii shoub'I make lifa cntryar Angeme1Ntsih t hOeLnie tate to Th c onveto Cearly impies that. e if actin( wocbt ln of hndthe itre tovnme hisnor sCtthe lopat of tV permatfbleae.s: Teecn gven con riersd ta reios mgteis ftl (lh isitih g adv iibl." Es aiu t. N CCIIIn311I lefe('t-nr lomn an.Itrt makeY WANTErDig TO LEASE.ty A lN. II D UOTEL& i 0nt M us. E G. P.oRlid i, N. .