The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, October 18, 1900, Image 4

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The People's Journal. PICKENS S. C. THE NEEDS 01" 011T FAlRM EIls. t 'TM : NEORO IS TIIl-: ni';ST FAI C31 i AN) -- '. wAMF.S SYSTIO Dii Til E-: 13-:1 WAY TO M':31PILAY 11131. The following address was made )y v Mr. F. J. Merriam at lie summer 1 meeting of the Georgia State Agricul- h tural Society, and it is worth reading b by every farmer Im the South : Mr. Presidtetd fd 1"kt I/ole me P rs: p ti) well aware that this question , of farm help is one which agitates . your iminds for i considerable portion a of the year. It aqgilates m11y mind all the year rouid, sometimes with con- ii sideraible violecel, as we keep between W ten and twenty men employed all tlt time. This mattel is, however, onle of Very groat impot,'antc, for it meanis your success or failure inl n1any in Stances. 'an I get silicient help to work iy farm properly ? Will they be etticient ? Will they work for my in terest ? These are iust ions whieh hi are of costalit I(rceurrence', ald while o their successful solution depenads i) ah grent measure on the supply of, avail- e ablu lhellp, it also depends largely oi thie ability of the faitier himIelf, to m ninage this help: . . With us at the (itl the question ot I farn labor is essentially a <question of' negro labor. There are some aiiong1 you, I know, who woulhi like to -ve the ' negr0 eleaedlout of tite coitry ; but if Ie were, who would take his place'.' Probably you thiik you coull outltivaYte your farms yiourself, with what white k i help you could pick tip. And this is bi abouti what it would con1e to : You t would have to depend almli ost entirely \ on your Own effort, nutil the foleigni element came in to take tle plhee of I the blacks-a calamity I trust we' sla1d never be called upon to endui'. The South is toda alo Oilst - the only parit of our country which itly' A tuerican, and I hope we shall learn to keep it so. You go North, and in city anI In try you hear almost any languvnage on the globe spoken, except th lughshli3l. It is true that tw Notrtt shows a larger agriculutiral wealti blot the South; 1but this is not 1herausne itey hin white help, but because ofl the reater enterprise and editcationii of tile alid ow 1ts tell youl, 1 valli take muy lle grTOes and4 do as 111u11 01 Ilini or wIrk and dto it as well as with any1V lot if white ieni you call pick itil. You taie the black min aidi pay Ililm wagt's, '11 IXpect hin to tarn thei In lie will not disappoinit yolu. Th in-1 ne r, (1,(.n na1tural labtor of' the southl , 1 ) ith thet proper managemenil t, e l Ianli. inade to paiy., I have htil soint 114-nn1, in h perieninl.has not beIn iiiiron r. The first white 1ini1 I lun.id was dii s44ni, I belielve. W\'e gave hm :,0 vieit4 p'' day anLI hi., boai. lIe ta.i tile long.est waisted man.1i 1ver aw, andt the way li iOuild uid' Pr'ow isitlns was a ation, I- itie er ht had r'ceintl y r'''everd from'n an at tat'k tot 'hillls antI ever,. If you eve'r hi:o I thei chills y on know what ant appeo't ite' a inan hais when lie is ini the cionvailt's cen'lt state. WVell I hal uman ato' lunlii Thleni we hiad ,Jothni I 'liru n ain lIn hand, buit slow, a~l oi eni I ii 1o hiui'ry himii up oue ttay, lit tohtl me it I dhid not like the' way lit wo rked I coul.t give him his mtiner'. which I inmmedi at ely did. A fle t'in Is we wer'et iiI fou ate ini obtaining a briighit y'ounlg mn Iromi Norvthi ('ollna. Ihe waisa hutst.- a ler aiid kniew~ litow to get overi worik, and a v'ery ie fellow aill ar'otiil, the - i tly~ tioubile binlg that lit was soon off'ered a better joib withI a huigr al;t- b, arly thanii we toublt atllard to pay. a nee1c we novettlI ti eiria Ii ave hir'd niegroes e tutiively uitailI last" year', when a whtie nini canme to ourii tI plac~e fromi the c ivty lokinig for wirk. ~ He hadi beenl (out if i'mploiymienittt r a at Iong t i rpe, except tfor a triw ottbi jobils, anid was in a dleplorahhl <h-'stitmet cotl tditioni. I wasi1 inl netid itt hti at the hi tune antd thitoght it oinly fair that :i I white man who was wiliing ti wor k Ii shlouild have aii equtal shi~w with te Ii ntegr'oes. So I decidetd ti give in m a trial. 11ie and his two Ihoys wo rked " fthistrate tior the lit st moth i or i tw W t unltil they iecovered Iroini thleir hi' i ger, as you might say. andl be bought It a few new'l clothes antd some1 tfurniiturie. W'~ TIhien I foundit timit my unt oua bieen 1: drinking when I senit hitm to thlie city y with vegetales to sell. I eports, not lie best, of his chiaracteri had comie to hi me, anid ildeteiinietd to have a talk ni with hiim. I told hun of the rep~orts, n but also that so long as hie treated me t< straight I would give ti m a chance, I ly also told himn that 1 kiiew lie hiad bieeni h drinking, atnd wvhile I did not proptise to dictate to himn in any way, stil if hia drimkminjtci eteed with my busi- C ness lie must see that I shoul not be able to kcep huim. T.Lhinigs wenit along better aftet' this un ttil one day I heard that the fonily had been takinig vegetables withot pemhissioni. 'Thlen tone tof t ho boys stoppedCt woirk mi the miiddle of thie forenoon atid lied to mue wh eni accubsed of it. So I turned him t off , when, to miy surtprise, the old iiani got nma' Imn!' askedt for his andl the other hoy's mioney. So off they wvent, antd have been living from hand to mouitth ever' since. WVe have one white man who is toler'ably respectable, but lit is a poor~i farm hand and cannot begin toi hiol his own with the negroes ton the place. lie is one of the mddlt kind who standl ar'ound~ aind seem~ to for'get. whlat they' are doing. But lie is honest , andl thi's covers a mnultittude or shorteomings. Since this mani hats beeni withI us hei has beeni br'inging in his relations one by one. Fir'st there catme in ai coutsin, a smart. younig man, who stayed with us about six months and then obtainied better wages thian we could paiy, and an opportunity to learni a trade itn the -city. Then he brought down his v:, brother, oiie of the gawky boys from the~ mountains who look at yout with their mouths open. We gave him a trial, but he would not do. lIe dIidt not even know how to work. We had otne all-r'oundi good white tF na, lit heI had the *uisforttire t lave a little money, and ho is now tr-Y lg to throw it away ill tle !roceI itsiness in Atlanta. It is the str.In'' at hing what makes a young Iai, W 0011 a8 he has Illatle a little iionev of lie farm, want. to rin to town to spem t instead of inlvesting it in the coun. ry, where it would be trafe and brin. ood interest. This yotiing mnan1 wisVi honest, a good Porker, quick and intelligent, and if I ould get eiouiglh like himii mI uighit b( 'illinig to part with Iny negroes. Bul ot otherwise. Even then I1 shouh aite to do it, for 1 am11 prouid o)*fin) ys---as I call them. They ate very mdy and willing to do aIuytliilg to ease me ; always celterrul anid un. >mlaining when asked to (10 little ctras or work over time. When Wt ;et in a tight"- -as the old farmeiti id---tlicy will rush like figh ting firt necessary to get thiigs il shape, it hout thinking about, their pay tilt castiring every little act, to fit tlt illars and cents they may think ther orth. When you get at white Inain (do this I waint to see him. Your black man lives in a cabin nat the house, where you cal alloo himn. When you wait your horse telled up Suday morin ii g you call it : I'lere. Mloses, vatch ipl 1113 >rse, % ill you," and shortly the horse illes .11o10 l1d well-groom ied ani slitty, ith Aloses hohing iim, hat in handil id smiling as you come out. You a4y give lh1n ai Cigar or toss him a :kel, yo llay not give lilm anything -it is all the same to him. The loss" wants his horse, anld that is Hiw dilfe re'it with our white iani. he is wh'lere y0ou canl gel it him, u say ' N 'r. .IohlinsoI, will you be tidl tnough 1to hitch the hlay till to the iggy ?" and Mr. .Johnsonl goes about e tskmodiy, mlutlering thait hu. i-it hired to wait on leoile. I it hn Ima iy day corlnes., he expects all vske littlie extras to be settled for. You m:y Iin off your negroes it you ill : 1but( Im lifrm , I will kte4pi mile for w4'4hil- vet. for I coisider the niegroes, I tile whole. very much ulllerior as 3r111 hlihorers to the class of white in you will bet able to hire. We have nivtleOPS ()In our place who lt dlo anythin.- in ur gardIel or farm, nichin. t senin. ut p antssu pru arnI'mt or nu arket, anoi 41 as I lda I woublii llt tnyel. Thl4'ey Ve Ill hon's 111 thhe and board n11u,11414lIs. I : h- t u mI y lil d ln l 1 1 r111 uied thau im t wife 'Ihouh tever runl at negroi boarding houlse, mr hie ne, it he ilor itIa t u1.T , I11i ha1\' nev r had r ll I' n t Ii thi k i Ie lru 1 1 lilt I . i i ll -'li b lt, 111 1)1 1) a s ay1 th1ern4 calish i Th I 'll1ike t 'avea ll I I i 4I, t I .etI ' as te I IhI I. Ill ) ' II c L Ilairs sl t 'cI : t I . 'i (-. 1r~ 11111- tltlt5 1i V4 .1 4 1,1 1 dit-v a t. 4"t ol nithis thil' (111l tha thle an-itel-l ll :eIn 1t11 i I1o thi air k 14441 -ve it W\ iIit Itr it 1 i4w v ;,, 'dI ;I s heity lt'11: he esier1-4rst (41 tpen afrth I1tie. i W 111, thlgi' i v4) lit-Iiyeb m 1e mevt. I ziegleet your .* di tll 14 yotisl fIll1 4ti1fIctory tlh n l sine rat.n , r iv hi rl am c ii he stor t- f wl-h 1u do ti thS e Ieilen a11 ;hire to fiel ha they e' baeing 1) chrI tooi111 mucht Thes 1 oar hIhlar iusin i l-allyh as iuh t1 4 a 1estio t eluyr tiattet 11uploy'elfhto the Soth' feeds b lc nl to rusein theig frm ;oui Ie it i Ik' a oth IuIc esru o .i u l ke t. .- I .'a t d i hi el ars winidapr uhh- ood 1n401z~ ; 1n1. Ihedtronblendow hnere ~'i wehav. id-lt litill ya eali ltti iiv tld~t ldril S iti the Ir iie. ieWs is il en awshavcom' heriellt prepi-l hi urhe farmins id who aro justa le of woking them 1(4ld lit'cssfull when ild atvay e incaph alets ot'lnaie 'oild inis l'essarly th a t wa(geslt) liei fhis hl uy tof11 the inteen >thern iln~d awngifto so kinana hilwI trllasi~ meui oldlt(tS llike 1411 le fo4' I' imset, but441 tolfurn''sil h oimtab(1lea 1ymen for',i the laorftst Ilag'lity tuay be04 eint tt it~l o ah frot'1 >reh ead.ing yourl impe whle you~ii4)i, 'tes managie h tt folafpr thesele hui >u)11 ')1 n sle toe41our y ro oprl na tot' nelthb o wheni you doi.S i Wh4 ilek am on g the subjectay f llik rdl o employer litwa to ay alt ifew 3osto 11 tofe peophlhie who1ire elp oo everg tmve nyroublI anwtith mr)I haoni t I t soa~, ho1e faut illt kourw 3or1 the and ? Onile tol thies aiilce a to el ing fromt yhaom wantt dloneo, anti how you wtlt it (one. - 11llnds have Uo respect for ti employel who hesitates Whent giving hi.4 comIl 11114asand isi twcertaini how he wants them carried otit.. e cheerful and I pleasan10 t with yo ur e1n1,1 without bieingr too fanilliar, and above aill (o niot. fret, follr this ruins your ow) disposiotinli a well 11 y11tr 1n111141. It )uts the lie gro in a sullen state inl which condi. tion little or nothitniig tan hie gotten out, of him. If1 thinga go wrong ex plain is clearly as' possible exactly what you want dn1e. If the offense is repeated correct your. 111111 sharply, but without s1h4wing temper, and let him unldertstand that if you have to speak low him againii about the matter, 3o4u will have it) lispense with lis sWr vices. 1 lie wants to stay with y41u1, there will lie very little trouble. I have(. een Inen hill) we contili ally discharg-ing. then harnds al hirinerg 11IV o4e.is. They w.IL on I1he theory 11111 a - new broii aIlVayq sweeps ch-an1," andl for them a1 111n seldom worked w ll Ior 1111re tha l a imionth at, a tinic. I have always t rhougt.t that there inIist he soielhinl I.;4 i(c:tIly wri:.i Wili ti'se Ntp ly r, aII that thle t w I-, IIh t elitirely w ith the IlaIll. M wn '4II CXI)'iell(e hts been vpry h4Ifre'lt frn lliis. Thet! ho4)tger We to pl ; uI ,411 tile better littid he be 4ome)-. 1Tim is, iti el re is anyihma ait Ill inl him. 1 If not we drop himi pretly quick. I Ilave li1tni 'who have been.1 w-ilh Ime ovI' six yeara38, it they are the lie hain(s fill tilo plarv .nd(1 etl tilie Iil st1. it t1 . This t- as it shohti14l lo-. Alter' a hail has lieii with 'filIl f Vw yt'ars he lev3 Iis ytpur by11s. 1T'en .(Ill U tlil-t'rbSald etachi titer andj Ii''w jlSt What 1ip 'xp c'et, I au r mind Iere oi nIIIther ad. vamale the neroI'44 has overt' the white i a4 il ll d. i. '., le is satislied wl[ 4443.. teniteid with his po'sititln, aild h for this le;tiI4 I tti ;ire a lie 1 1 4 t 4 ) l '-ep II4 II. The t Mi 't I)11 Whit(l 4 il l, 04 ii 1 |iil [li veX cept(icill tol thet ruI, 1iyti, i gleyer satisliedl With anlything". I think Iw- F4.:roract. is eVinnin' tlt understal it- pois f itin fr th11, pres '11t at IIast, is essnltially anll illustrial Ijsiti'll. al'd viat till- wilite itnll is 'n li bl ti ioi I i c Weg e erlie i lih.I olli his iIt4ret4 , I 11-t tilt-w ng'rk4 P4ri ft hiiself as ai and131 bit, 4ou. - 'it 141) 414bih up hi- I tI:4io11, 1441 Inake I is I l t I;l . I v l i I II)i r I 4ItI th I It - l I I I t .tni, i h-I ay c a h;ew wvIds to line ofl wo rk, whet her y-ou be a car'pien - Ier, a brickayer or. hiat a hand, study yomu n\ mrk. I )o not be contenlt %\ ith sIlllllu l I IIIII.1 ill tinme and tiaii il you lity, |-very hahort'l shloulbd Ie eivek s1e:inething ' outsile f Ik wa-s, 1trough his itae-rease-d kni lebdie of his leisille-ss :hult t4 (4 th s h u his idill till the11. tor) '11111 1i t 11114CI try ill 3141111 \3 itt. e 34T1 ll \\" 11 is &11 1111, Ile( li1 ili ai w444k4 alli 413:st 3l(t4' work 1long, vvery line, lii lis u iii o paY for it. It I'Ihere s at young, white tuanl inl tbis audtience n-41iced tlo th e nce ily of "lartna as 14:51 f 13t 'II i, l hi/ArM i it't lespai r of likin'as'. plct: fo'rt1 hi3uself ill the t"y, siiV in. 1!11 A'nprov. I );_ _i . li se I for344 ionting botter.t 1'1 Ie fti ill notlo- in tvint Ile wh'o.e ih S iTl'tli ' I'etNi l i V iNtl y-'.:t, t. . e 14 . i I :4Nit4 I. t i~p~t l'I)t is always .tt144e w h wpend the les for4 34 eti lier who SI fertile i O stCii wllreo slbli lti l' 1114, 'ev , i orpe as:1J para(1they 011o esh1 uttly, ae jth inholec mucOil so heoeliec. )thohe ha nt i l no thet' i a who (pen moti t s It,' fori~31 fertilies annual who(e4 fertlize 4icon4oIl1tnc a etilizing is ethe most1(4 scientite ('lofertilii'4g and ye4,et, a t t saet' tjimef rt311w~e it is, toc h simeste anti~ mos1t ttCounon' sesilettplantI ta 3Ionomical( :18 fert.lizt'lo hatu whani tu til hand a hand -at.re1 i nrale an heeti i one Iu hardfly I~ be put i prae ate wit ot.th theri.to;teat 5i0roni410calft iliti'bone 1emnd thel~ ra:4isige ines ownll needed truly of ht isn~itp v byiens by the legunnn~gohs rpasclove",cow-peaei s, etc.,0(11113 of hli atehome.No onl (10 m11and even ton he aing a eyllC (nnecesaryd all01pend itreo monet an altso cs tat, hau4'ling.r134 AtI '34tthsae tworg -atheat o can,1by (4tl riing1 of gIninou eropsi , r aisel shouhl113 btecotinuall1141 y bon mi m4V~ in d tha1.i Ittogen i rea l and tatl ll othatli ies 123 actual ly gained, by' 113 th laies'ig of loineis.e i Not oldol thy fato fur-' whtienever1111: ths io atter are n)4'botlmei that 'm~i is, ltterlyo i'apaihtae for04' the1 we mayl i t'i o'afelv 4 hle fanyt ther enpli.. vtedI 01 crp. nnio n~l:lo'~~3~ t'Phis ct fo th ieso hat 1'1so ay o ourbrothat. farIemyrs stw coerte or11phat. towpeas -wot making ~e80111 any appuintI5ion o , eith' phtIgofhtes orepotash and wiut - thei lebIst ppincrasedio bt possiby a hun t dred4 potar cetterey, at4 ihe n-n f andm thuei eholdo ethait 101 welt Oe enuh to tit ell iensutghcien ne, ~)tsand - tdion of ipolsimtg mliply oisun It 114is 11hel no'eessar Into ad that1 'm i)ever i'nsj)tancl e te 31ind1 ouxeir yi Bie(oicl mttethod of fonterciftilizain -u zIr, and if' we can maintain ouar needel SUPPly of' nitroge ,(I edlo e ven incrve.tm it wiich can recilily he donle it' We so detei'nliue by iealns of' clover, cow pea or other leguimmious ci*ops, or by baru yard or staible manure or cottoni see< aid purchase such phosphates and pot ash as haay he4 nieeded, we will havt accoruplished a great saving and wil have inauuguratedi a systelit of econo tlcal fertilization that Cannot pos. sibly be excelled oil tlie score of eco lonly. The sowilving (pi plantiting of legtuinii. Otis crops, while at the samile Ii 1ime oimiit tig tlie application of* phosphates an1 potash , is a species of oniie siled fertili z/ation arn i III) systeiml of fe itilizatiot: that is one sided I call possibly lbe ml1at14 permanient ly profitale. Whdie on thie subject of one Side< fertilization, we wih to call attentioi to a system of tiltiI.izatioll that has be. coMie altogether too populari, we sip Pose on account of its cheapnliess. WI refer to te use of phosphates aloiie a1111( ind iserii i inately, lor' ill clops, an14 on all soils. 1h i,1 not ani economincal system, but 4)1n the ciontrar'y, Ole very re3Verse of it, for th w retasoln that if Ipi 4isted il, It eventtinilY alIls to ha rien ness and absolute sterility. Now let us examine iito this a little and see if we cannot fiiid out how tlig sterility is brought aboi t. I losphates contain but one plant t food, 'viz. phos phioric acid, now if tlie application of phosphates alon iniicre-i se the yield Ill, a crop say :25 pr ceit. ilore jotal'i aid phosphlorw' acid aid niti'ogenl than if I lfertili-zing agent had I 1 been alpplitea, hence it ha actuially imover ished the soil to the extent of aIlollIntj of potash aid introgen taken from the soil by said crop. It does more T haI hiis, ceid phos. phate consists inpI ly of' Iinievy ground lime-phosphatev rock treatdwt about n eilua weigh4ta of strong sul. pilliric acid. ThiS lic aid om bines the lime-moakin- ie-upht gypslumtlu1 oir aliil plaster', s that il fom1s micar-ly (.ne half I of the total weight, of th4, :id phosplate. Ihal without its applintionl %l wouhI hav'e Iv mlalined inls( '! le; hience, acidl ph1o phate supplit phosphol('ie aCid diret lV and PIotiaIh uiiirectly ma l henct agail phosphOrie 1c acid get.s ce d it. to ite increased ivhi whel it. is often times not inIutIled to it, ani a greal 41eal of it wa., -wviiually dIe to ile pot ah so lileawl. Anyhow the soil i depileted Ill thev extenit of'aon NIotash So iihur.avie. Now no( possible objePction oul broughtim m:;mmnst it ori its use 1no laattel how iuch hint 1ood it might set f'ree it only ihlie iiwer, inexhauistilile ston'e of' said plant11 aood 4)1 driIaw 1im, but miimfori'iiat..lv ill the Souith ait least this is no ithe caie, and IilorIeepec ally inl tlie sanditr po'tions of it. We :it well awae olt the tact tha there are soils. s4'attered habout her ;u'4.1i thner vr the colint'y thal ari Illeii 'iit, spie pIsphoric acid, someI 41 il Iotash ;ia simie in litr'og'ni, and sonm ill va'cll aii all of these t eluially v'al abhl, t-i llly implor-tant, andill facLt ejItlly misihenlsabe feililizing' sub stances. Now it staids to in.astioni that h~emit eIconmiical system, that coliuh4 po)51~ssilie purlstld ini Iertilizing thlesi wnki1.ly dIissiilarki soils would be 1 t'li's to supply , correc.r ma'iiuke goodl anuy am all known deliciecies in thie so il itself' a1114 secondi suipyly each anid every eroj such1 qutillities as shall insure' nuixi ing or' ('ontro'llinig fatilors are favor alie. inl facet the moiust ec'onouimical systeml o) at .least, im thle presen il tate. ot' agrFiu1 tunral science. 1It wouhl lbe .just as re4.asoabl at i iut. a pair oif gr'een g ggles on 4a1 hors<11 441 ('0ow and iinnllertake toI fatte then 14'i on pi ne slhavin..gs , utlier t11hel et'e tha youii were furnIllishinig the wica ithI al ahnnd1ui~ance o f e xcellenlt forage, asi wvou ld lbe to1 und4 ertake to1 make a gooi crop)l of any d escripti on whlen iied 01 phiosphat'es aloine, ori potashi alone, o oin nitriogeni alone. All threeii. sut 1 stances ai'e needed in the mnakings. of goo 1 c1r'IOp, all thrmee aret etiuallyv impjol tanit, all, thre ie are as abhsol ut ely iitaIis pienlabile, the one as the i othler I'; aln the' ani m al cani lie nmad e 1(4 thiv e o pUine sha vinigs j ust as eas ily as thI phlates, w~hien used to the exclulsioni a imai'ket , and14 ire bein.. Ii hwkedl abou the streets as C.alif'orniia fr'uit. As imattei' of fact, hlowev'er, it is al togethle toI early for' Califor'n ia or'anges- most 41 those whiich are now bing sipped to I'hiihldelphia come from .lamlaica an<( Mex'ic'o. The latter' countr'y is raptjid ; growving' m irnportanice as a producei' I thiis f'ruiit. An authority in thle trail says that withiin thriee y'ears thme great er' par't of our or'anges will comeli froti Me&xico, as the many new~ trees whIic'! havel' bieen planited there will 1beginl t, hear by 190:;. Most farmers ini shllI ing.. ears of se44 corniI, throw out the kernels frlom b ol! etnds. Th'le apex ind oubhted ly produice imilperfect kerneols, but a mnumber' o go4vermenmt, 'x pelrimnts show t hatI th lower' kernmmels, whiill' theuy imay lie i. i shiapen , have hiigh vital ity and Icoi stituteI godl sceed. Thr'l ioughi thlie medhu o111(f the Stait IFair all branehies oIf imilust r'y, inehlidn live stock, haive been Iral imnprove( '1'hme State Fair wvillI pay thle freighit o all Ietxhibits rallised orii prodhuced ini thI S-tate shiipped by railriowl , r'eleased.I Ariranige your1 plans e'ai'ly to at tein thie :d Ainnl Sla'te l-'aiir at ( 'oluilmbiz tOct. 0th t.o NOV. 2d, inc4luisive4. The map whlo milks good cows is al to take better care of cows anal miil thanu lie wh mn uilks poorli cows. helaparipnece andl observIation ar :me 1)1 blest. teacher's, hence the imuportlance< 'lsitinig the State Fair. K~eep plenty of cleain purie wat e where the fowls can easily get it whl ever they want it. Liberal railroad r'ates fori theo gt(ei State Fair will be made for Fair' WVe T'idMAN ON THK RDl'AGI. Tho Moiatr 11on Ilim Pitchiork h lilinois --lo Makes (Chaages o'Cov Aupi on Against McKiniley anst The St. Louis (hobo- Democrat printE the following special froumi Carrollton III , giving some C oice extracts froa Senator Ti I I man's , peeh ii that city "A vitchfork is a mighty handy thing to have around. t 6a good to handli hay witi; it Is good for straw and grain it Is absolutely necessary to handle-(i pause)-manure. I don't com1e here ti abuse Reiublicans or the Republicai party am a body, but in talking abou "olmu of the actions of their l'residen i shall he compelled to use a pitchfork because I don't like to use my linger in it." Thus ioejanin it. Tiliman. of Souti Carolina, made his opening im pressioi uponl tibe grand Democratic mass meet ing at Carrollton. L1e was ch oeret vigtOrously. This is one of the Democratic strongy holds of Illinois. The attendance wat large. The Senator said: "This is tin nos4t homelike audience I havo ad dressed since I have been among th Northern people." lie went on to ex plain that his former speecties hat been naade in cities and towns whern he hadn't that home-like feeling that lie had when lie talked to farmers. " am a farmer pure and simple ' the Sen ator said. "That is the reason the word pitchfork is atached to m."111 Am then the Senator sprung his manurt joke. The reception of it sc'ned to In crease his home-like feeling, for he le himself out as he had not done previous ly in any of hie sper Ches in the N irtlh One of the statements with whii the Sana or opened wide the eyes of the Democratic farmers of Illinois was hi bald assertion that N a-k H anna hat raised $2,000.000 or $3 000,000 (from thc ariorplate makers and was using i in the campaign. "I was on the nava committee with William l.' Chand ler, the Senator -aid. "and I know some thing of the armorplate business Tnere are two concerns in the countr3 w hich make this arniorplate-Carnegli and the tIethlehem. We lid a con tract on which we haI been holdin1 them live years. We had been Reep ing them down to $300i a ton. This year on the last day of the session of Co.i gress, Mark ianna took charge of it Lie wenut in and ordered his henchmci to give, authority to. the Secretary o the Navy to make ait contract for armor plate at what lie saw tit. Twelv R epublican Senator., who had stool with i. blefore fell down and voted ti give Carnegie and ilethlehem this coil tralct for $17,000.0110 I'T sweari that Mlark Hlanna, to the be-st, of my helle and krowledge, hau an agreement witi thm-- two tirts to tgive him $2 000,0m or .,00,011U for the l'residenti. cam paign. So you see you send me.. t oi, gi ess to vote for contracts whic' irni--h the mioney to buy our vo:.e w!th ." Skinle (ofS na r ii '. de ay tions about briwry aid corruptlo wer1e rekies-' even heyond his iiua fri. euOlmn of speech. "Ilre are aent lauy miloInIs of goi ..pub Sans," sitid Senator Tilimani. t. ily trOUlC With them is thbey ar wrong III here." Tle Senator tapp_ nis for-eheal. "I can say .u Jlally," h continlucd, "th itsmiie of our l). imocrat are wrong up here." Tht.e Senator til ped h1 is dome again. Tlbc( , rowd I aug ed, and wait-d for the apolication. " wish to say of the 1: t000,000 voters wh will march to tL polls in Novelmibe IIi .000,ti00t are so narrow and iarticat Ucicy wouId .see you in hiade.-, biefor thbey woulId vote for' the par(t lthe iwnteone they belong~ to. They ar' lI :pubI~icans andi Demiocrats liec tu they were horn si. 'The re are 7,0001 00i - uchi Ite publicanis. TIhere ar~e 7,000,00 of such IDemolcrats5. Tlhere fore. I ar makithng my appeals to the i ndependen, voters, to those wi'.h sullicientL intellIi gence to vote for what thcy believet be for the best iinterests of the couLntr3 I want to make an appeal to the indei Spenldent voter, because his vot-e, eve if he votes for a dollacr a dlay, counit for just as miuch a: the vote of .1ohn1 i: -Ilhekefe! Ier; that is if John I). I tackt fel ler's millions can't Ii nd some in(ert al scoundrels among these dollar-a-da "No a.reamn can rise hiigher than it source," the SenDator' went Oil oracular ly after' his a:-toiuishing left-hundIe lick at the dollar-a day man, and be gan to talk of corruption in Congress "I wish you could see those fellow who sell themselves in Congress as have seen them. I have not seen th -money actually plassed, but if I ha been on a juiry and had had the evidene before me as I saw it I would hav found them guilty. S:,nator Tillman111 q uoted from l'I Ident Al~nley's letter of acceptanc Ithe paage declarinig the d ut.ylmpo: ed by honor toward the I'haiippIne:. "ThIliat meansfl,"' said the senator, "th I 'resident will rely u non Mark [Iannat mroney to buy enmu&'i votes to enslav you and your child ren forover.'' Th i was the Sena or's starter oni the sul ject of impe)rial ism. lie prioceedet: "Duglas and Lincoln went up an do un thliis State. D~ouglas co)ntendle tl at w een we said government derive itb jub', po0wers from the consen~it of th governed it, was intemded to leave ou the niggers. Lincoln said it was th o ther way. 'The North arose en mass )in 18ti0 and sided with Lincoln's view: And now you's got I10,000,000 n i ger ,down South to projiek on, to exercis -your ingenuity on. [Jut you are turi lag them over to us to shoot. end kil I low will you old s'Ilirs, wvho nmarchI ed throughl South Co olina, and didn' leave anything but the chllimneys stanu ing, answer the Confederates you kille w hen you meet them up yonder, an they ask you, WVell .Johnny, how ar things ? You',I have to say tune liepul lican party nlow say's D~ouglas was righ and Lincoln was wrong. You've gt to go to God pretty soon1 anti answe 'for your votes. "T 'ihe most damiiabie pice( of dil hon 'ur," a'd the S nato'', in sp 'cking r.IO Jlotl(st trc orI go to D~r. ~ ~ great reptiltatl satisfactory re Bloo0d Poison t~r sv o a the hair o'r eyebrlaows '. decay of the Hfls I bon'es. 111o ltltliy andlt foreve'r eradi tall the1 sy'stein ini au pure, stronig anid helt'~~ fiil statt. (Ir enilargeid veIns, whhii - liC0ia tI' 'r a i ti o aI yl ro ulorl GI leet.* Strh'i lire and all i'rivate ande \llnerl DiseassadWanss.o e ue tile Philippine pOlicy, "Is that we have bet'ayd them. We have disgraced our. -ag the til republic. Now, we call -tile l"illpilios rebelsit ~ aywtir I carrying Christiany to say we are God have mercy upon the Christian who hopes to miss hall by such doctrino as that. What IS liberty?"h Sontor Tillmanl asked. "My ideaof liberty Is to let me run my husindes to lt illy. ielf, and to keep your mout.h rd hand out of it. Why 18 every S'atu In the South oipposed to this Iniquity ? he asked. "lecauso you shot It Into us and now we want to tell you if you propose to vote it out of Us, we'll see you In hell first. Mr. Mcinle~y rfused to receive the o r envoys eepIt as private Citte zoe because ho was afraid of oinaditi his friend John Bull," the B3nator am sorted. " And yet they tell u- tht, the Germans and the Dutch are going to vote for this d-d cowardly .3aoublican party.h e Senator Tiliman's homelike feeling stayed right with him for over an hour. .1 ust before he concluded he said to the Illinois Democratic farmers : " I've told you nothing but God's honest truth. if any man comes along and says it ain't so, tell him 1. say he lies, and I can prove it." Tile S nator concluded amid mild appIause. EiXPOSlION D AY AT THE FAllt Th1c state Is AskeI to Co-0Operx.Ate inl tl Most Colpilete and Altractive E'xlibit ',ver lokl Iln the South. The -oultih Carolina luter-State and West irdian Kixposition will be held in the city of OnarIeston next year. The calitail stock of the Expositioni i Company has been fixed at, $250,000, and the resources of the Company are estimated at $1,000,000. It it proposed that this i'xposition shall ba.,fully rep rebentative of the material resources aId manufacturing and commercial in terests of South Carolina and the Southern St.tes particularly, and of tee whole United States and their new possesbions in the 9Vest Indies and the Uni1ippines. The most encouraging pliedgCS of assistance and co-operation - have been received from the authori ties ait WIi asiangton and froin the Gov ernor and Commissionera if Agricul ture of neeriy every State it, the Union. The k*4ldinx! commercial ora inizations f of the principai cities iln the United - Statet' have promised their active co operation, and it is expected that the l'Ixposit.on, in all its varied featuras, will be the most complete and attrae Live that has ever been held in the L South. The subscriptions to the capi t al stork of the I.'xpoitionx Company made in te city of Charleston aggre gate nearly $200,000, and as the IEx )ositionl is to be of dircet ouneil to every county of the StatO, it is hoped that there will he a libel a1 subscrip L ion Made by the nanufacuarers and merelhants and bus'ness men of the w io:e State. S Arangembents have been made for i an " 1 xpiositioan DAY "' at the aannual It ar of the South Carolinta State Agri -i ultuiral Rad iiehian icail S.c iety to bei j hlId in the City of Coluhiaiil durinu Lhmoat tao of ( )Otober, and tie oppor- E ., Lxn ity will It thati time be presented a to th people of the State to subscribe to the [tll extent of theIr ability and , iispositLiOn to the capital stock of tane I Spoition CJomanxTy. The shares of I lCy position Comxipany have been plaeod at $.0) each, payable iln in:talnents rt upon ab cal Iof the Boaad of Ihrectors, 1 and, as every inidustry in the State ant LI the peop:e of every countII 1y are inter-est, ar ed in the attraction of capiiaal to South Li Carolia for' investment anid of intelli (a gent and progressive p~eople in search 0 of homes, it, is thought that, there wilt 0 be a liberal subs.:ription mazde, dutring El th. St at l''a ar. tn the stock (af ,i. e l~x. t, position Comipany. Millioans of dollars - are going out, West, everay year' for in 1) v atmenat. and hundreds of thousands i- 1)ofJopl itn search of homes are arriv-t ing in this c'ountr'y every year. Th'ere. n i:- no ra'; on why tmuch of this capital s anid maay of these settlers cannot, te - brougaxi, to Soutn Carol ina and the Soutla a Ihe p~eopl'e who are interested -in the iunprtovement of ouar oppor'tuni-. y' ties wix make thie most, of the advant ags hi,"h will he. ahforded by t~e 1l.5. a pottion at, Charleston tfor t,e full de. - veloin~t1 of their' resoures. :1 )uring, thbe State "i~ir at Columbi~a San impj ertant iconferencet will be holu .by tihe aepressentatiaves of the IExposi. L ion C am paIny witn the cotton mill men I of the Staite, maearly all of whom have e~ signifiaed their wise and disp) sition to I aid-In making the textile featurts of c C tehe ICi ,ositioni comnplete in every do LI tail. Sat~ Carolina, which is today the largest, cotton manufacturing State -In the South, and thu sou'nnd lar'ges. a SmaniauLkutrinag S tate tn the Un ion, ough lx t prest nt a study ini progress at ,the l'sp;ositiona w hich will impress the y isite:s to the I'x pxositionx and resualt In s the e.% ansiont of outr co nercial r'ela LI tions wiath the counta'i a of South Am 5 crica and the West, l adies, l)uxo.; the month of October', the :Noth Carohana Stata lPair ill be held I at I~teigh in that Staite, and the Geor .1 gla Sz,.te 'i ar will be hold in Attanta. I A rrangemnent aI- be:1int g tmaal fit' the afull presentati -a. of tihe 1. J2rposes of the t great enterprise at CJharleston to the LI cottoan mil I mcen of Noxrth Carolina, a which rantks econd to this State In . cot0tn miiI decvclopmnt, amnd imnprove, anont, and of G ;eorg ha, wvh ich is a gooa LI thiard in the raae foar manufactur-ing -suapreacLy. Ana opp'ortuitly will lbe ,pr'esentecd thae manuaceturer-s of these t wo States to join the te xtile x - t bibit at Chadacown ; anad with thbe. -tharec-with the Caarolinas anid Georg ia I working together up)on a definite ana well-consIdered plan, the great Ts xtile LI I3uilding at, Chxarleston will .cointaia the rilchext, treasury of mtanufact~urtci 'I t cotln goods that, has ever' been proe' t seanted.' r Gen. N. W. Moise, of Sumator, has been appxointed the State Comanission Caer for South Caraollna of the IExpositiona I C )any-sn, tan-] will miake ta tihorough FOR YOu atmenit and a speedy cure write J. Newton Ha~thaway wh'1ose on is a sulffic'ienlt guarantee of suts onulaio y",';;;; Iee. '; Kidney and Urinary na, aT;~ ,j emilt, To I-'requienta, IBloorly or taaciy lt-rine, ,, all f'xalloal cht-:ses iof thea lxvart, I,mtngs.. ,f iera :andu Stoa 11a ls txi Cattarmah, Rupature. 'ar linti~axaxisrn, t/iles, I ituala aaad tall JIhood ,t arii Skian )jisxa,,e zandaltl I-Iamle I lsaxse's t I treatd acEordlian to thae latest axai bta x. aneitahods kntow t inexdical 'scaenai. Home Treatment E~a 'f-ensful. W rli for fret'hooxk jus.('publishedu ')d F S, tpnain blanak af youa annot Vtall. il J NEWTONHAT HAWAY, M. D. y D. axthawiay & Od. 2%NthBroad Streeot. A tlanta, Ga. MKNTaION aiml ai 'APRai wtIKN'wiirrto The Whole Truth There's nothing so bad for a cough as coughing. There's nothing so good for a cough as Aycr's Cherry Pectoral. The 25 cent size is just tight for an ordinary, everyday cold, The 50 cent size is better for the cough of bronchitis, croup, grip, and. hoarseness. The dollar size is the best for chronic coughs. as in consumption, chronic bron chitis, asthma, etc. afnvass of this State in the interest of he enterprise. Ile will be prepared o receive subscriptions to the capital tock of the Company, and to answer. uestions as to the scope of the My,, >osition and its incalculable bene.ts, o the people of South Carolina. The irogress of this State during the past wo decadeh has been without a paralle4 n the history of any country, and the 'ixposition at Charleston will serve to. impha4ize this marvellous growth, and to Impress upon capitalists and, mm11e seckers the chances for future. levelopment in a State w hose undeve oped wealth has, with all our growth nd prosperity, scarcely yet been, ouched. -Orange growers in Flor'ida now over their trees with tents soQarranged, 5 to ad mit the sunlight on one~ side and eepJ out frosty winds on the other. In achi tent is an oil lamp, which is light,~ d on cold nights to keep the trees varm. The growers are warned of the .poroach of un favorable weather in a, inique way. As tihe mails iLraven tww.. y in somne of the thinly populatedi di. ricts, the Government requires thbe ngineers of express traiue to bleva heir whistles six timew~ in every thre niles when a "cold wave." is known~ t ie coming. - In thirty-seven Status of this union, married woman has no right to her wn child ren i in sixteen no right to her wo earnings; in eight no right to. own, lroperty after marriage: in seven there s. no law compelling a man to support, us wife; in all except, four women* 4 [Iscriminated against In the mMtar oh mpl.oy ment and co -ap.-rQaten is onl. our States can she. ex..-rein the tight ' franchise. And yet we talk nabo,. -. -hina. .-Mexico is om, of th~ e ost bemintifuli itles in the worn.l its broad, opog 'lazta, adorened by line trees and nl ow-'rs, is the fashionable resort.ia the vesmnogs, when the milItary iga playsg nd the elite inuulge in a promenade0 round the plaza. Thi thatning gardena nl the lake are world renownd. -l'eopde of St. L[luis have ref-son to hink the millenum is in hailing die ance. A citizen of lhat, town has oluntarily added $146i,000 of proport~ e hs tax returns, whizh wans overlookr. .d by the assossors. Tihe Liand o.' tlo Siry louni ainus ih \s chm t to the bill head' 1 on high ,akes whore thne stars see themselves in the sky; iil vall1evs of beauty aind love, \'here eartfn seems so close to lihe lieaven,~ 'on can hear thne faiunt echoes c. serapihim- - feet A nd( t he musical beat, )f ltne hearts of the angeis-the. songs they repent in their vnadencees sweet! a ik world of mountains that dri ft in to dreams 'he rip pie of rils and tihe dasing og streams lhat sing to thle sea ! A ndl thne beams and the gleams 'hat Inure you to (saidens of bneautiful dreams' If beaut~if~U lirams that hnave lifted your soul To thne thmnader's high roill Vhnero you slip from life's care, tgnditjj enrse andC control, Withn tine joy in your soul. r ld1 (rowinedl with old1 glory these mnoists taints; lie iplantedi lie sk v-reachning hilis in these valleys eni chlanted: hosue streams in tihe hollows by flhystety Ihaui n tedI hlese oaks that still wave their green ban niors iundauntned,. nnd dlare line storm's uinier! . . . and pnaeans of praise. Mounntains-riv'ers, still raise o line Heaven above them, wihle rose sceintedl ways Wienthne theo beauntiful (lays! lan( if all beautly.--lovedi hapdi of the Vihere I,ovei breallhes " (-oodi mnorning,'" and~ nievenr " goodbny F 'here song% on each wild( windl in melody roves itd timesnu thne bright steps of thne gods of thne groves! herose of tine morninog Is white on tiny bireast. Thnou art crown-uedi - Ihou art blest romi' line seas ton tine east anid tine seas to 'the wvest With the rose-wreathn of rest! liat tery I'ark, Asihevile, N. r,