Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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'T'HE PEOPLE'S JOURNA VOL o.---NO. 31- PICKENS S. C., THURSDAY, A.UGUST 24, 1899. C THU WHEAT GROWERS' CONVENTION. AN NX0ELLlANT MOVEIMENT. Mr. U. H. Jordan, of Georgia, Makes an Inutructive Speech-Good Advice from Practical Wheat Farmers. The wheat growers' convention at Greenwood was quite a success in the attendaawe of farmers and in the busi ness transacted. Fifteen or twenty counties were represented by intel ligent, progressle men, and their ex changes of experience in wheat grow ing was of special vaue to the conven tion, which was more of an informal conference than anything else. Three or four hundred farmers, mostly from the surrounding country, were assent bled in the court house when the con vention was opened. The meeting was called to order by Mr. S. H. .McGhee, editor of the Greenwood Index, who made an address of welcome, and the exercises were opened'with prayer by Rev. W. R. McLees. Mr. McGhee said it was a distin guished honor for him to call the first convention of wheat growers ever as sembled in South Carolina to order. He spoke of the recent decline in cot ton and said that the farmer yearly, at planting time expected better prices, but when harvest came it- was the same old tale of low prices and in creased debts. He said the citizens of Greenwood realized the impor ance of a diversity of production, and seeing an increased tendency on the part of many to plant wheat, and the consequ ent effect of the building up of n proved roller mil~s, and believing that the plantiug of wheat is an important step in the right direction, had called the meeting which he hoped would be a wheat convention in truth as well as In nane. He was no farmer, but it didn't take one skilled in the agricultural art to recognize the important place the farm er held among the people of the world, and it was evident to all that the farm er at this time needed something, and it was to the interest of all classes to see to it that he was given speedy belp. He spoke of the dependence of the city upon the farmer, though it was necessary for perfecs prosperlty for country and city to work together. The country needs the city to furnish implements for the farmers' use, as well as a market for his products, just as the city needs the diversified pro ducts of the country. What helps one helps the other. The country should raise the produce, and the city should manufacture all the farter needs. He hoped the time would soon come when every mortgage would be raised from the farmers' homes and every debt paid. The mission of the delegates was an important one. The eyes of the State are upon them, and if they did some thing to help the condition of the coun try they would confer a lasting begefit upon the State. Mayor DuPre, on behalf of the city, welcomed the delegates and assured them that they would find a hearty welcome in Greenwood. Congressman A. C. Latimer was asked to serve as temporary chairman, and. Mr. N. A. Craig was selected as secretary. Mr. Latimer, in taking charge of the convention, asked that the delegates confine their talk to the purposes of the convention, and that all of the speeches be short and to the point. He know that the convention could and would do much good, and thanked the members for selecting him as their chairman. The experience meeting began at once, and it was fruitful of good results. Mr. C. P'. Roberts, Qf Greenwood, had just sold two hundred bushels of wheat, and he was requested to give his views. Mr. Roberts believes in deep plough ing in preparing lands for planting wheat, and mixes fertilizers with his cotton seed on lands ; made a yield of 253 bushels on 17 or 18 acres ; prefers the blue stem wheat for this section for planting ; has never been troubled with rust ; always soaks seeds of wheat in bluestone prep~aration over night; thinks it dangerous not to sow as soon as he can after frost, and keeps it up until after Christmas. He sold his wheat last year for one dollar to one dollar and twenty-flye cents per bushel, and this year for one dollar. He plants cotton and wheat, and finds more money in wheat than in cotton. Mr. Eldred S. AMdison, of Ninety Six, said that Ahe had been studying small grain for twe~nty years, and was a great advocate of the crop. He thought that the time would come, and the sooner the better, when not, a pound of flour would be shipped into this State, and when, on the other hand, South Carolina would sh ip hlour outside of the State limits. He made wlheat very successfully on lands that had been given up as worthless and which had been run down to the heel ; be lieved in stable manure on wheat ; wheat stands all kinds of weather. i~e sowed ten bushels and made a crop of three hundred and eight bushels. Could not advise planting on cotton land, because the land could not well be prepared in time for the wheat crop; preferred planting after peas or on pasture land. The feature of the afternoon session was the address of Mr. C. H. Jordan. Mr. C. H. Jordan is a man who is doing a great work for Georgia farm ers. He is himself, a Georgia farmer, and a member of the Legislature, being chairman of the committee on agriculture. He is agricultural editor of tho Atlanta Journal and is authority upon questions pertaining to farmnin ~ At present his time is fully occupied1 rn organizing the farmers of Georgia. He is holding institutes at the rate of four a week and is traveling from one end of the State to the other. He realizes the needs of the Southern farmers and hopes to convert them from cottontots to all-round farmers who can raise all they need at home and have something to sell besides cotton. In wheat growing, he sees a way out of the woods and because of his interest in the movement he found time in the midst of his pressing work to come over for a talk to South Caro lina farmers. A letter wtas read from Mr. I. R. Self, of Lincolnton, N. U., giving some excel lent views on wheat reasingas= applied to his section of the country. He be lieved in planting when the land was dry, between the let and 20th of Octo. bar, and in preparinir the soil between the 15th of July and 15th of August. Representative B. E. Verner, of Uco nee County, struck a decidedly respon. sive cord. He was called upon and de lighted the audience with the sense and vigor of what he said. He was a hog and hominy and flour making farmer. If the farmers raised what theyate there would be no need for so many political meetings. He wanted the whole State to do what Oconee was doing, raise plenty of wheat, and he believe- Oconee raised more wheat than any other county. He bad been raising wheat for twenty years and knew its benefits. Ie said that the first thing in raising wheat was work. It could not be raised by going to town or having some one else do it. He di not believe in too much new-fangled machinery, but wanted to see the wheat sown as of old, by hand. The only reason he knew why wheat could not be grown was that the farmer who could not raise it was too eternally lazy to make it. The farmer who is afraid [>f cold weather could not do anything with wheat. He often had to go out and break the ice from the top of the buckot to get at his seed, and go out to work when he would have rather re mained by the fire. If they would work they would not have to eat flour that had chalk and pea flour In it, but could remain at home and cat fine wheat biscuit, made up with lard made it home and hams cured on the planta tion. That was what he did, and others could do the same if they wero not afraid of work and bruised arms and legs and thins. le sowed his wheat in November. Ile cleared land thor oughly; it was very important to clean well. Cotton seed was the manure; bis plan was to mix stable manure with ::otton seed, mixing it up good and then using 25 or 30 bushels of the mixture to the acre. l'ulverize the ground well and go down at least two )r three inches. Bed soil was the best for wheat, but other would do. In twenty years he has not bought a pound of flour'or his place. According to his view it was cheaper to make good flour at live dollars a barrel than Lo waste time and everything else and ro to town and buy it on creditt at four lollars a barrel. Ils flour, the best Lhat could be made, cost him three to bhree fifty a barrel. le was - log ago satisfied that it was out of the question to legislate a living for the farmers or ror anyone else. The only way to make i living is to work for it, and it is time ,o stop thinking of people legislating S living for anyone. He always counted >n making fifteen bushels to the acre, ind for three years made twenty-one to twenty-three bushels. He tried the blue stem variety for twenty -two years and sent otf for some bearded beed, but for all his experienceo found the white wheat the best. le soaked his seed every year; used one pound of bluestone to about live buh els of wheat, using enough water to cover seed. Used from fifty to sixty pounds of seed to the acre. He was a great be liever in the disc harrow, and said that it could do more work with better re suits than anything on the farm. The field must be gotten in first-class shape before any wheat was planted. Citizen Josh Ashley had been mak ing a few remarks, and the audience called on him for his experiences. le got up and pretty soon showed that, while he might not be an Emersonian scholar, he certainly knew a thing or two about wheat, and living on the farm, and his droll, characteristic manner of telling about it added much to the interest of his views and ex periences. Citizen Ashley said : le had 150 bushels of oats left over from last year ; planted wheat after cotton, sowed wheat by hand, soaked seed for eight to twelve hours in bluestone wash, used half bushel to three pecks of seed to the acre. A fter planting he rolled the ground with a home-made roller, pulled by a yoke of oxen. Made six hundred bushels of wheat on his farm last year ; averaged 10 bushels, the highest 15 bushels. Wheat hias more value than flour. Bran is excel lent food and the straw is fine for ani male. Used 15 bushels of cotton seed to the acre. Mr. Ashley never bought flour for his entire plantation, and ham been raising it for many years. He sends abroad for seed and prefers blue stem. To keep out the weavils p~ut about two gallons of unslacked lime tc 200 bushels of wheat. Did not like the toll system roller mills. He and Mr. Vorner had an amusing colloquy about roller mills charges. J. HI. Chappell, of Newberry, made a brief, but sensible talk. Newberry had four successful roller mills. llim smallest yield was I ) bushels, largest 231. CJol. Thos. W. dlolloway sowed three pceeks to the acre and used 15 buishle of cotton seed ; usedt harrow and got ground leavel. Wheat after corn was best. Showed his faith by requiring all his croppers to plant wheat. N. G. E'lIerbe said he put wheat fri paper bags to keel) out weavils, and put bags in rat-proof box. Capt. P. L. Birecden, of Marlboro, said he sought information, lie found wheat did netter after pens5 and corri in his section. They fertilized heavily, lie spoke of the flne lands and recordm in Marlboro. Mr. .Jordan, of Georgia, was asked for some suggestions, and ho spoke al length. lie insisted that if 20 bushech could be made It was a fine mone~y crop, but at all events it paid to rasn enough for home use. The averag< for us was 15 bushels, and if it paid it Georgia, why not here? lie novci fails tn put seed In solution hetort planting. The question of forming a permanen organization was taken up and it wa unanimously agreed to for m a portr a nent association. The temporary 0111 core were elected permanently and th< following committee on constitution wa appointed by congressional districts First, E. M. Beabrook, Charleston Second, L. JT. Williams, IEdgefield Third, S. HI. McGhee, Greenwood Fourth, J. H. Wharton, Laurens Fifth, T. J. Cunningham, Chester SIxth, J. F. Breeden, Marlboro ; ses enth, J. A. Peterkin, Orangeb'irg. This committee will select the tim and place for Lhe meeting next year. The convention was an undoubte success. Fifteen cnties had r.~..-, elected delegates and many otherE were present as indviduals. Tihe court house was crowded at each session and every one displayed the greatest interest. Mr. Latimer suggested toward the meeting's close that the tobacco grow era bo invited to meet with the wheat growers next year and that all work for a divorsllication of crops. This will probably be done. The committee on constitution and by-laws met and organized by the elec tion of J. A. L'oterkin, of Orangeburg, as chairman, and L. J. Williams, of P.dgelield, secretary. It was ordered that the organization be named "The Wheat Qrowers' Asso ciation of South Carolina;" that the naxt meeting be held at Greenwood on August 15th, 1000, at 2.30 o'clock p. in Resolved, That the ollicers of the as sociation be a president,' vico-preal dent, a secretary and an executive committec, consisting of the president of the association and oe memn ber from each congressional district, w hose duty it shall be to name the places and times of meetings. 1Rosolved, That the discussions of the association be strictly confined to wheat growing and diversitied farm inr. Tesolved, That ail persons interest ed in the buccess of the agricultural interests of the State he req usted to attend the meetings of the association and that each county he hereby re quested to appoint double as many delegates as they are entitled to rep resentation in both houses of the Gen eral Assembly. Resolved. That a meeting at each county seat in the State is hereby call ed for the ii'rst Monday in August, 1100, for the purp'ose of electing dele gates to the next annual meeting of the association, and that the members of this committee are authorized to arrange for same. Ordered, That Messrs. A. C. laatimer and S. 1H. McGee be appointed to ar range for the next meeting of the as sociation as relates to discussions, ote. Resolved, That the thanks of the as sociation be extended to the press of the State for bringing the association to a successful organization. AMKRICANS IN MANILA. How We Have Chanoged Filipino Trust ntao late. Dr. J. M. Mcllryde, formerly prest dent of the University of South Caro lina and for the last few years presi dent of the Virginia Polytechnic Insti tute, has given out a letter he has re colved from Col. ). C. Shanks, of the United States army, formerly in chat-ge of the military department of the Polytechnic, and lately on duty at Ma nila. The following is an extract. "There is no doubt of the fact that almost all of the cllicers that came out with the Ili-st expedition feel that we have not dealt squarely with these peo ple. The naval olicers share thiE opinion quite as freely as the army. By implication and fair inference, if not in direct words, these people wert given to understand that we were thoi allies In their sttuggle with Soain There is no doubt that several thous and r fles and a large quantity of an munition were issued to thetn from th( arsenal at Cavite. An oilicer told mm not long ago that he was at Cavit< when Dewey called on Aguitaldo a the quarters of the latter; that th< troops were turned out and made tc present arms to Aguinaldo, while th< band sounded a general offiee.-'s flourial in his honor. A great many think therefore, that these people iad goot grounds for believing that our objeci was not to replace Spain as their mas tera, lut was to use them as our alliem in the war with Spain and in return tc give them their ft-eedom. "At any rate, there is no gainsaiylag the fact that they now regard us In il niuch more unfriendly light than they ever regarded Spain. I have no doumbi that they would vastly pro-fer to see the Spanish retur'n rather than thal the Americans should remain. Thc individual relations of the AmerieaE soldilers and the natives have not beer such as to imp~ress the latter with out purity of motive or our honesty ais a p~eople. "At first, when the American troop were regarded as allies. the native trusted them implicity. An ohlice told me thau this confidence was muel abused in Manila, where the nativ merchants, being unaccustomed to th different varieties of American pape money, were swindled by having con siderable quantities of Confederat money palmed off on them. It is sal that the Astor Battery, taking advan~ tage of their name, went hotme leavin1 in the handa of native merchant thousands of dollars of wor thless ot'der on -Johr. Jacob, who was ropt-esented a able and willing to foot all hills of th organization. So great was their coni ldence in the Americans that a sol dier's uniform was everywhere saut1 cient to obtain considerable credit. "When the regiments were orderoci from Manila to this place some of tim native tradesmen and saloon keepera being unable to collect their hills, in terviewed the comptany commander to implore their assistatnce. Ono cal: tain told me that one saloon keepe came to him with a list showing tha Henry Ward Beechor, William Mc Kinloy and George Washington ha, baen liberal patrons of his establish muent. ..Another, a tailor, begged hi assistance in collecting a bill fo clothes made for and delivered to Orn ver Cleveland. The latter was mnuc mnoro fortunate than some of the othterm As luck would have It, one ptivatt named O'Blrien, happened to be pas1 ing at the time and was promnpti identifled as the pseudo Grover. Sue . tricka have made the natives wary .any further decalings in 'benevolecr assimilation. " : -liv. W. L. Meese, of Auburn, lnd ;who has performed the marriage con~ ;mony for 1,200 couples that he has r< ;cord of, besides quite a number in at ;dition, w ill h ave a matrimonial reun ie ;August 17 and 18, to which will be it -vited all the couples he has untitc< There will be a bratss band in the cit 3 park, where the atfair will be hoh and all sorts of entertainment, inm. 3 lng merry-go-round - v the children a-' T[LIAIAN IN I1S OWN DEFiCNSE Ite Makes an Cxplanation of IllI Sumter Speech ant Defines PeaCI and Unity. The Anderson People's Advocat makQs the folloying report of Sonatoi Tillian's speech at the Carswell Insti tute reunion In that county, which wa the annual meeting of 'the survivors o Co. F". 24th S. C. V., and of the. old stu dents of the Institute: After the dinner the crowd of somil 2.500 or more people gathered closel around the stand to hear Congressanl Latimer and Senator Tillman. liofort the speaking began a four-pronget )itch-fork wrapped in tinsel with I gold bug itplated on two of its'tine's was susponded over t.he stand. Mr Latimer bogan his speech by a joculat reference to the pitchfork, Oxpressinl his fear of it, and entreating the crowc nlot to let an i0dgeilild mlin coime ui here and pitchfork an Anderson man, 11e alluded to the fact that the farmer are so generally warned to avoid poli tici in all their meetings, and claimt that it w'as their right and duty to (1; cuss politics, for politics was nothitn but the "tience of government," and] farmors were a very largo part of the government and its alfairs concerned them, Ile warned them against being lilled to slee) by this cry of avoidin polities, an it was intendea to side, track and disorganize them. lHe re minded them of what they had accomn plished by organization in the Allianet against the jut', trust, and aillrted hit belief that tihe farmers could breani any trust by organizing against it. W( have not space to reproduce more o his speecli, whilch was along this line and also attacking the P'hilippin policy of the Administration. A ftet some music by the orchestra which, h the way, had been interspersed al through the proceedings, Sendoi Tillman was introduced, and the crowe drew closer. Ile began by referring pleasantly to the presence of so many ladies, a fca ture which was noticeably absent dur ing his campaign speeches. le said he took a special interest in 1his re, union because his brother coanmmande( Co. I of the same regiment. [ie ther paid his respects to the expansiot policy of the liepublican administra. tion. He 2andemned in unneasures, terma the grabbing of Hawaii and thc denying of the right of self-govern ment to the l'iliinos, and that it wal a proud thought for every old Con federate soldier that he had made th, lart and greatest stand for constitu tional liberty, that the world had eve seen. He objected to their annexatioi because they were an alien race, an we have had trouble enough with th alien race we have here. That we ha quit buying negroes in 1865, and hi did not want to buy any more col ored people. Ie then referrod t( the article of C. C. Featherstone, pub 1l10h- i, all the dailies simultaneously taking him to task for what ho did no say at Sumter. Ile reminded the poo pie that since he began the light h1 1890. all the daily papers and most a the country weklies had been agains him, and had garbled his utterance and misrepresented him. lie said tha Mr. F'eatherstone was quick to rus1 into print before he knew the exac truth about the matter, and it was Bip n!!leant that he furnshod vopies to a the dailies at th same tno in orde to advertise himself, and that if he Lith been disposed to treat him with trL gentlemanly courtesy and be perfect fair, he would have written to him 1 know if he had said that "all prohii tionists were cowards and hypocrites Ie denied emphatically that ho sa any such thing, but what he did si was that if a prohibiti!I law we, enacted it would make a lot of the pe plo liar and hypocrites, for they wou feign sickness to get whiskey, ar would get a doctor's certificate on false protense to get it. [.1o believe the prmeachers were sincere, and thou ands of other good people who believt with them, but that many of the pra hibition leaders were hypocrites, ar in proof of it cited the people to ti fact that a strange and unnatural all ance' had been formed between th genuine p)rohibltionists and the whi. key men, many of whom 1l.1 the ligi for prohibition simpjly to break dow the dilspensar'y, hoping to secure a rt turn of thme baarrooms by disgusting th people with the farce of proh ibitor lie said that Mr. l''eatherstone ha shown his hypocrisy by going ove the State last summer and making pre a nouanced prohibition sp)eechos and po: 3 ing as their leader, and then goin rdown to 2Dolumbia last winter andI de -libearately proposing to forum a coal tion with the high license men order to diefeat the dlispiensary, at that by that act he prop)osed to hetra Sand sell out his friends. the prohit tionists. By this act he adlvertisti hiamself as a rank hypocrite. ''But," said the Senator, "some, them say: "'he State is a partner the business.' "A nd," said he, "she just as muach a partner in the busine when she issues a license to any ma to sell liuor. By that act she gives mionopoly of the business to the fe men who pay for a license and1 tI towns and cities got the revenue. U der the dispenaary the whole people the towns, the counties and the sta share in the profits. if it is mioral r wr'ong for the State to sell liquor, it Smorally wrong for her to license an body else to sell, and there was no e cape from that logie." in reference to peace and unity, 1 a said thtat at Sumter Mr. I'. D). Smit r got up after dliner and said that h *prop~osed to rake so~me of the huatter 1 that Dr,. Abbott htad sp~read on hir -andI proceeded to berate Clemsen Cc ,loge. Winthrop, the dlisp~ensatry at 'every other thing that the iteforme Y had dione, anti that ho could not be e ' peeted to sit still and a cept that kir 'f of "peace and unity." Th'Iat if he wa t expectedi to get downm on his knees at cringe and crawl and lick the dust ai acknowledge that all he and the it ., formocrs had done was wrong, and th She wvas a rascal and a scoundrel, thi -lhe was not that kindi of a "peace at I- unity" man, but that the peace ai n unity he believed in was the right a- the majority to rule, and when til l. people had spoken it was the duty y every good citizen to submit. I. He warned th- ' . lution they hr.d secured the right t name their pIblie oillcers at a primar3 but that now there was an effort bein made to do away with the primar3 and citod the recent case of Horr County where a vacancy in the Senat had been created by the promotion C Senator Scarborough to be Licut. Gov ornor, aid instead of having a primar to lot all the peoplo choose a Honator a little coterie got toirother and nomi natedi a candidate. The plea was tha it was too much trouble to have a pri mary, and the peoile were too busy, o any other protext to avoid a primary and if the people (lid not watch ver, soon they would be back into the ol; rut of holding county convontions fo county ollicer and Ntato convention for State ollicers. This Is an imperfect synopsis of th Senator's speech. which was listenec to with the most intense earnestnes by the great throng of people present and as the crowd broko away we heart the expression frequently, "that's th, same old lion.'" 1.4 IT BRLYAN AND SCHLEmY? iEx CongrenIstinal Lewis 1ia a item, or lie--Silver IN S1r aong inl III W(sHt. The Washington correspondent o th1 Atlanta Journal relates tlie follow il! . James llamilton lawis, the Congrem sional dude of the last House, is i Washington, having arrived here il the most forlorn and bedraggled conli tion. ills whiskers were untrimmed and his shirt, was solled and in generm he resembled the airy, dainty Coz gres nmn of the last session about a muchi as the mddy road to Arlingto resembles the beautifull , kept asphal t of 'ennsylvania avenue. Ills Inanne was unchanged and his bow as exqui site as over. " Pray excuse me nu having a glove on my loft hand." h said with exaggerated hauteur. H lave had a race for a life," h continiued. " There is a Swede out I Washington Stato who, seven year ago, was condemned to be hung. LFo ou reason or another this diagrecantl and uncolmlfortable act was postponue i-e was sentenced to hang tomorronm The Swiss coloniy out in my State ihi terested their home governmutnt in hi caso andi the government wired th . ministe' here to do what he cOLIld I his behalf. "A little over a week ago I was eU ployed in the case. I knew I woul have to come to Washington as it r Imoans to save him in Washingt( I State had faile~f. To find so importia ab person as Justice McKenna, who pr 3 sides over the circuit, I thought wou I be an easy thing. I reached her with no thno to spare, to find th; Justloe McKenna had gone to Yo Harbor. Jumping into a hack I mat th l'ennsyvannia limited without grl or ti unk. On reaching York Harb, 1 found to my dismay that the justi( had left there and had gone to Narni gansett Pier to visit Justice WhilI IWittbout, taking time to buy a new co lar I started for Narragansett. reached there last night, saw Justic t McKenna, secured a writ, of error, al rived here this mo -ning, have been 1 the supreme court, where I had to order enter ed, and telegraphed to Ii; governor, rnd now my dear Cheistim r friend, I am on my way to be intri i duced to a clean shirt and once moi o to (ion the habliitnent which gave 1i Y more notoriety thian fame in that po tical meleo called the House of iRpr sentatlves." In response to an inquiry if the t port that the silver sestiment in t 6 West was on the wane, as returni 'U ollicials in the treasury and interi O' departments had stated was the ca ld Mi' r.1sw is said: d '' These men who come hack fre btheir Western tours only see mecn w dthink as they do, or rather as tLhi chiefs do. Still if they travel at all the Wcstcrn country they should able to see tbhat froe silver is not mec dly a passing opin ion thero, but a (3 0viction. I am inclined to think, hc oever, that they fully understand t esituation which prevails in the We Sbut that on their return hero t~h Smerely 'Change the tale that thr n might follow fawning.' Is" I do not, think that, at present, the iany dutabout the Doemocra b heing for liryan). .I think, too, that r will be0 nominated. Admiral Schi .* seems to be0 the choice for the vice pr .slidoney. Tlhe persecutilon of the nab d (epartment, has mxade him pop1ul throughout the country and brought ~. the attenation of a juost peopile the bra n qjualities whichm have always made hi 1ur mosiat conspicuous naival ilhicer, am inclined to think that man y of LI j.delegations will be instructed for hii d lie would arouse greabt, enthusiasm any part of the country, and I belie fthe l'ast fuels thme samie way about hij n There is nothing which the A mere; is people arou so (julck to resent, abs se justice Hut, when I begin to talk in this subject I get malid andI say thbin a abbiou, pe~ople thabt had betteor bo it w unsaidl. I do not, th in k the attempt o~ side-track Mir. lHryan will succeed, a a. my prediction is that, the next, ticek n willi be ' Hryan abnd Schley.' y GOOD) ILOAD IUli1aDINA. is P A Samni anth Clay Comliposite Mak1(es s' Durableo anti EetconomicaI lloa b The supJervlsor of lechlans:! Couun e gives In The State the following IT count of the methods used In worki a, the roads in that county: I. The road to be worked with sand a ~d clay composite should b)0 lined olf t i's desired width, which is usually 22 h ~. from ditch to ditch, then deep (ditch d should be cut to catch the sand a as water, arnd also to comrpel vehicles .d keepi in the road abnd thus prevent tho d freon bireaklag on' the edige of the cli e. Tho the dirt to the centre of t it roadt, leave the clay in the bottom m the ditches (I! thore Is any there) id the top) of tne road. Tlhen grade ad clay hills, covering with sand for abt of 8 or 12 inches, do not throw the sar'd io the road, for the deeper the sand uni of the clay the quicker it will absorb a draw water frore the top suriace. 1 o the quantity of the clay. Kaolin o , chalk will not do, for we have exper monted with it and find that it will no' , pack hard, and it absorbs water. y Where there are no clay hills on the D road-and that is the case in some see. f tions of our county-wo haul clay from - the nearest mounds on the roadside, I and It gives mo real pleasure to state that the land owners in such sections worked by us have readily and goner L ously allowed us to haul the clay from thoir lands free of all charge and I have no doubt they would do ilkewiso in any part of the State. We have tried sand on clay roads I and met with as much success as we havo in working clay into sand roads, 3 and whenever clay gets boggy we pro 1)00 to suspend claying sand and will 3 sand the clay, which is an expenso I that should be avoided whenever pos 5 sible. ' Now a word as to the cost. The esti 3 mate given you sometimo ago, viz: $80 1)or mile, is approximately correct, but it is proper for me to say that in esti mating the cost we do not include the cost of our chain gang plant, for that we regard as in the naturo of a perma neut investmont. WO mcrely estimatO the actual cost, for the maintenatnce of tihe convicts, feed of the mules, and the wear and tea' of road tools. With an f averago force of 50 convic,, we mako four miles of composito road per montih. True, we have not thbus far done so for the roason that thue chain I gang has had to ho occalionally Om I ployed at einergency work in other di rections, but if employed oxulusively in makinug composite roads 50 conv iets can I make four milies per month at a cost as abovo estimated. * We destre it to be understood that we do not claim, and have never claimed, that sand and clay composite will make as durablle a road as a prop - erly constructod macadam, and it is 'proper to say also that ou"s has yet to stand tho test, of a continuous rainy sea son, though it has been tusted by soi . heavy summer rains and stood the t( st admirably. All that we do claim for our sand and clay com 0posito is that r where, as is the casO generally throughout South Carolina. financial f' uditions do not admit of macadam road building, the next best thing is the sand and clay composite, for it 8 makes a smooth, hard road-bod and U costs ess thai the repairs alone of the macadam would cost. Whenever the people become thoroughly alive to the I i- necessity of good roads and are willing d to tax themsnlves to build them, then 11 our roads, 'aspeclaily those a'tjaent to in cities and towns, could be macada it mized, and it socms to ic that such a 13- law as that recently Jassed in the State d of New York would then he an advan , tageous one for us here in South Ca-o t, lina. That law rcquires the State to k pay 50 per cent. the county 35 per cent. o and the land owners on each side of the 1) road that is to be improved 7j por I cent,. of the road improvement. 0 1 started out merely to answer in qumries as to the mannor of building - and the cost of construction of tho sand and clay composite road, but hav ing drifted somewhat beyond that e point, let me go on a little further and ' say that in my opinion you are wisely 0 agitating the reduction of State farm 1 ing and the increaso of convict labor V in works of public utlity suchi as this "of road m1in;1g. As is known of all ) men, tl-.e free labor system of working m roads is a miserable farce and a dead failure. Let the counties have all the I- convicts they need on the roads and 0- then we can build them scientifically We can then repair and build bridges, c- keop the roads in thorough repair, do 10 needed sanitary work near the cities, ig drain off fever breeding swamps and or put a stop to the constant drain upon se, county revenues which has grown up under our present makeshift systemn. 'im Let us abolish the free labor system ho0 entirely, make the road tax compul 3ir sory and apply such tax to the pay' in moents for iron bridges, which would be be plermanent structures, obviating 're- the needl of wooden ones which have ti mn- he constantly recpair'ed to the groat ex w- pense of the taxpayers. he og UPHOLDiNG THlE D)ISPENSALtY. lit, Tlao Oity and COunty L~flicials Ar, re Ur'got to Puta D~own tiae Iliaci ta linor Trafllc. 10 Governor McSwoenoy has written th< 33y following letter to each sheriff anc 0- magistrato in the State, asking for co 'Y operation in the enforcement of the ir dispensary law. Hie has sent a similar )letter to the mayors of tow ns and cities fe asking them to use their efforts to have im the local poli1co enforce the dispensary I law. le has also asked each of them lo to express a candid opinion of his views nI. 'in r'egard to the enforcement of the in law. Gov. McSweeney recently reduced le3 the number of constables employed b3y n- thet State to aid in the enforcement 01 an the dispensary law. The results have n- appareiintly proved satisfaotory, for the mO chief executive is looking around for <5 means to enable the number of consta ft bles to be still further redluced. lihi to ietter to the sherlifes and magistrate: id is as follows: et Dear Sir : it shoukd not be nces eary to call the attention of oflicors to tihe imnportance of en forcing any law, itL shoul 1(ob the purp~ose of over3y law ollicer to do his duty. it is the plain a andl sworn duty of every oflicor comn .l missioued by the State to uphold tht constitution and the laws of the State it is no more the duty of the governoi ty than it is of every other ollicer of thi re- State to see that tihe law is properj rig enforced and administered. In the per formance of this duty the law oflicer rid should have the sup~port, encourage he mont, endorsement and aid of ever, et ,good andl law abliding citizen. es Those oflicers, whose duty it is to en nd force and administer the law, have a to business to question the wisdom of th im law making power in placing any lav sy. upon the statute books. Their busines he Is to see that. the law is enforced, si of long as it remains on the statute books or Ase governor it shall be my constan ho purpose to see that the law is ad minis ut tored and enforced wisely and judi' in ciously and in this p~urpose I seek the or aid of every ollicor and of every citizon nd of the State. So far as I am able there 'ut shall, be no discrimination in favor of ' iwever, to have pro Adloption *hat Newk AND Boston. Iloth Messrs. Mahon and Arnold are now in the Northern markets and will on their return, present to the people of (ireenville and surrounding country, one of the largest anct best assorted stocks of )ry (oods, Notions and Shoes ever shown In tie state of South Carolina, anJ buying r%4 we do, for soveral of the largest stores imu:il)er Carolina we have been plIeCed i) [!Ii tIle J )obbers' Lists, and with the special cliscotint we receive, we are enabled to sell 0oods to our customers at prices which some of these fellows who try to compete with us pay for them. It is our aim That whenu we have it.., :11 your iitlst the length of time soMie Of r wtuild-Ie competitors have, that thLe old brick i(ld iortar of our iresent store, which is niow one of the largest in the ftate, will be giving away to larger and more mnodern quarters for the over pro. Kressivo firm of Mahoni & Arnol, for the true A merican 's motto is "progress," push forward, not stand in tihe same old tracks an1(I siig tlie same little song year in and year out.. We have the Gonfidence in our Ability To say to the people that cre we have been in you r ii(st It Ihe period of ou0r coilpetitors you will give ns credit for haimig done more goo for the people in k niockinhg ou t hi ghi prices, and placing first class merchat ise in the reach of all, than any firm tIhat i as ever done business ill your midist. Watch this Space For the arrival of our fall stock. iemeiber that we were not in busintess last fall and that. we have no old stock, shop-worni 4)r- moth eateni styles. We show you every thing clean and new. MAHON & ARNOLD, NO. 2xx UPPE1R MAINLSTRHJET J. If. AMROAN & 1 RO.'s OLD 6TAND. Agents for McCall i.xazar Patterns. It was an exception, and inasmuch as cortalin State constables have he n pro vided for with a view to its better en forcement, therefore, other law officers were not charged with the apprehen sIon and prosecution of violations of this law. This is a mistaken view, as I understand it, and I shall expect ev ery magistrate and constable and sherilT and cve!ry other otlicer to aid in the on forcement of the dispensary law just as he would the statute against burglary or murder. And not only so but I call upon every good citizen to frown down the violation of the dispensary law just as he would the violation of the law against stealing or murder and to aid the oilcers in heinging to justico those who violate it. Them constables are simply to aid in its enforcement. We may difftr as to the wisdom of the law, but that should make no difference when it conmes to the prosecution of violators of it. I feel that li properly enforced it, is the best solution of the lIquor (lueation that has yet been de vised, and I desire to have the aid of all otlicors and citIzens In an honest and earnest effort to enforce it wisely and judiciously. I have reduced the constabulary force and hopo to be able to redluce it still further, but this reduotion can only be made and remain permanent by the co-operation and aid of the law oillcer8 of the State in enforcing the dispensary law as other laws aro enforced. This communication Is addressed es pecially to magIstrates andl constables and shoritTs upon whom I (call to aid me in the enforcement of the law. If I have evidence that any magistrate or constable Is winking at the vilolation of the dispensary law aiid Is not making ptroper elorts to bring to justice those who vIolate it I shall at once ask for his resignation. I hope this will not be necessary. I firmnly believe that i the law is wisely and judiciously administered andI violators of it are promptly appro hendedl and punished through the prtoperl legal channels provided for the trial of criminals that a heal thy public sentiment will prevail in its favor, and violators of the law will be looked upon as other criminals, and there will be no more reason to have special otlcers to enforce it than it is to have special oficers to enforce the law against steal ing. However, let it be remembered that this law must be onforcedl, and those who violate it must be brought to trial and punished. If this cannot .be done through the established and ordinary legal channels, tbca extra . ordinary means must be be used. As far as my p)ower and ability go It shall be my purposo to see that all laws are .wisely, judticlously and rIgidly en forced. To this end let every olllcer SandI every good citizen of South Care lina lend his encouragement and aid. M. 13. MCSWEENEY, Governor. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bers the