The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, July 27, 1899, Image 1
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL
VOL q.---NO. 27. PICKENS S. C., THURSDAY, IULY 27, 1899. ONE DOLLAR'A.YEAR.
COUNTRY SCHOOL4 PROBLEM.
ADDRESS OF SUP. J J. McMAIIAN
How the Public Hchool System Can
be Cianged and improved( in this
Siate.
The following Is the address of Su
perintendent of Elucation McMahan at
Harris Springs on the country school
problem:
The country school problem is the
most important problem of our civili
zation today.
1. It is the problem of our agricul
tural emancipation, of our industrial
prosperity. If the truth be told, we
are in a bad way agriculturally. The
country is being deserted, plantations
are being eaten up by mortgages,
dwellings and barns built before the
war are going to decay, anC if de
stroyed tomorrow could not be ro
placed. We are living on the accumu
lations of the past, and fast using up
the little capital of our possessions.
This is true of many neighborhoods. I
am thankful tham it is not true of all.
But men now farm witnout hope. The
way out must be through more inteili
gent methods, better education.
2. The country school problem is
the problem of good government. The
terms "ward politician" and "city
boss" have acquired a meaning that
tells of some of the evils of govern
ment in cities. Altnough " crossroads
politician" is a16o a term- of disrespect,
it has not suggestion of vicious purpose
or of venality. The crossroads politi
clan is charged with narrowness, mis
taken zeal. He is a patriot, and all he
needs is education. There is among
the people in the country an indepen
dence and an individuality that are a
safeguard to the State. It will be a
bad day for us when we no longer have
this sturdy constituency to appeal to.
We must, therefore, by education
solve the problem of how to make a
living in the country, and we must
provide adequately for the education
of children reared in the country.
3. The country s'hool problem is
the problem of diversified life, of all
roun: interest. Thus far, nearly all of
out city people have had relatives in
the country whom they at timtrs
visited. Hence all our people have some
experience of country life-there are
none but have been brought under the
influence of this cintact with nature.
This can no longer be so if the exodus
from the country continues, if we con
tinue to have po-)r country schools
that fail to lit bo3s und girls to live
prosperously and happily in the coun
try-such poor schools that parents
see no -hope for their children there
and go to town, to live from hand to
mouth, at uncertain employment, in
search of schools.
4. The country school problem is,
moreover, the problem of our national
vigor. The maj rity of the leading
business men of our cities were reared
on the plantations. So it is in each
generation. Tne city seims to require
a back country to draw upon for rein
forcements. When these can no longer
be supplied the end is at hand.
The country school problem is indeed
the problem of the preservation of our
Caucasian civilization and purity of
blood. If the country be abandoned to
the negroes, then that which makes a
people great will be theirs and not the
white man's. The bardihood, the in
dependence, the courage that country
life develops will be lost to the Cauca
slans, who will have gathered into
congested centres, where strength and
vigor of mind and body are at last
sapped. The country will supply the
men that dominate. Who shall these
be ?
But I am expected to point out what
may be done for the improvement of
the country school. The special lrob
lem of the schools in the country Is
due to tue sparsity of population and
the poverty of the p~eople. The chief
difficulty is the distance ap~art. The
school money is apportioned according
to enrollment, and each school is at
tended by so small a number that its
share of the public found sup1por'ts it
only pitifully. There are many needed
improvbments. What are they ?
would not, if I could, present to yeu
a finished theory of how to solve thiu
promblem of the country school. You
would distrust any theory. All im.
provement must be a growth. My the
ory might need to be modilled as con
ditions develop. In aspiring to th<
oilce which I now hold, I under-took
to solve this probiem, at learnt in
measure. Bunt it was not my choice ti
attempt to solve it here in words. Thi:
subject was aesigned me. I am glad
however, to give you some of mn'
thoughts, and I want you to think om
these questions with me that togethel
we may solve them yet.
The current opinion seems to be tha
the one thing needed for improvinj
the country schools is a longer term.
wish to say emphatically that in m;,
opinion the longer term is the las
thing needed. ItIs needed, but ther
are other things needed worse.
1. The first thing needed ia butte
teaching. more intelligent effort tc
ward the moulding of character.
have been trying to impress this. Th
summer schools are working towar
this end. This association has fo
years labored to improve the teacher
of the State, and has done much.
2. We need a better course of stud
in our schools. This is closely relate
to better teaching, and together the
would transform our schools. This in
provement is need in all the schoo
and in the colleges too. There is tc
much purposeless teaching. Subjoci
are taught as if they wore an end I
themselves. They are not made to ai
peal to a child's interests. There
no attempt to show thoir bearing upc
life. A boy is harrassed with detal
about p)olitical geography when tl
names of the nations are meaningle
to him. Years are wasted in drill
the rules of grammar, and the b<
goes out to the play ground and vi
lates every rule. He has never su
pected that those dry rules have an
thing to do with the speech that is
indispensable a part of life.
We should teach a man to know n
passively but actively ; to be not
more receptacle of Information, but
potent factor. We should teach mo
of science, and especially should the
be in all our teaching more of the si
entifle spirit. We should develop
the children a love of truth and a si
renliancen. Teach them to ,.nali-e t
universality and the immutability of
cause and effect. Then they will know
that a wrong done can never be
righted; that it cannot be undone.
Teach a man to recognize in all epheres
of activity the orderly processes of
nature, and so to feel his responsibility
to be in harmony with the Divine
will, to promote the good and not the
evil.
Education does not consist merely in
developing in us mental power. It
should also supply us with useful
knowledge of our environment. This
cannot be acquired in a day, and it is
folly to lose the years of our schooling
in exercise merely for the strengthen.
ing of our minds, as dumb-bells strength.
en the muscles, instead of strengtnen
ing our minds by acquainting us with
the great truths that are involved in
the life about us and with the problems
that will soon press upon. Life is too
short. Duties are too pressing. We
should learn what we need. In the
last half century there have come to
the front social and industrial problems
overshadowing all else. Some sage
has said, "The only good is knowledge;
the only evil is ignorance." In the
last analysis, 3very good goes back to
knowledge as its basis. Every evil
may be resolved into ignorance as its
cause. We must know the right in
order to do the right.
But education should do more than
fit one to grapple with thi problems of
life. The whole man should be devel
oped to the fullest. Our courde of study
and our teaching should cultivate the
artistle side of our nature, 'hat we may
be in full harmony with thw .ration.
Otherwise, these potential pleasures
remain unknown to us-there in An
irreparable loss to the sum-total o'
human happiness. We should teach
art and music in our schools. The ex
periment at the State summer school
has satisfied me that anybody can learn
to draw, and that anybody can learn to
sing.
The school should not aim to prepare
for college ; It should prepare for life.
The college should take the boy that
comes to it and prepare him still bet
ter for life. It should not make an ido:
out of what it calls a " college course,"
All education should prepare for life;
should help to give us a true attitude
towards life.
3. Better moral support from local
authorities is the next most important
need of our countrS schools.
The trustee and the parent, ai well
as the teacher, need to be educated as
to their duty. Their attitude may de
stroy all discipline. Above all they
should not change the teacher unless
there is a certainty of getting better
teaching. The good teacher should be
kept permanently. Thus may the
teacher learn the children's disposi
tions, win their hearts and train their
characters. Moreover, a new teacher
doesn't know where the children are
prepared to take up their studies. A
large part of the session is practically
lost while the teacher is experimenting
with the children.
4. Better supervision is another
need. The county superintendents are
usually paid too little to support thea
and permit them to devote themselves
to the work and study of supervision
as a profession. They must pursue
other occupations for a living. Some
perform no more than certain clerical
duties that might as well be performed
by the county auditor. All this should
be changed.
5. Better organization and division
of the school itself is a pressing need.
We should seek to cultivate our coun
try schools. Instead of four or five
poor schools scattered over a neigh
borhood we should have one strong
school, with two or more teachers.
The children could be graded and
taught better. The teachers would
stimulate each othe~r by association
and conference. The monthly salary
could be higher and the employment
longer. But how shall the children
get to the school ? Here is the prob
1cm. I insist that they can walk a
great deal farther than their too indul
gent parents are now usually willing
for them to walk. We now have many
neighborhoods in which it. is possible
to dispense with several schools and
patronize one without serious inconve
nience. I am glad to observe some
tendency to this.
In the Northeastern and Northwest
ern States they have resorted to the
practice of employing a driver and~
team to bring to school and carry homi
the children who live deyond a certaira
distance. I hope within the next yeai
to look into this system. It Is vora
possible that with the money saved b3
abolishing just one of our weak count
schools the~ more remote children ma
be hauied to the big school houes
which will be supported by the mans
of the three or four other schools sup
p llanted by it.
6. Lastly we need better financla
Support, longer terms, better equip)
mente, better aalaries. This must comi
t' by levying a special local tax. I pu
a this last because I believe that witl
ous present, resources we can do mucd
r on the lines above indicated to give ul
better schools. When these things arn
done and the p~eople see that th,
schools are not a humbug, they will hi
readlier to pay more money to supper
r them. But until there is evIdence o
a something being done, nobody is wil
ling to give more money. I believa
V that a good teacher will in the en'
d brIng overything else. We see it il
Y many localities.
'One thought more. Trhere are thes
a who condemn universal educatior
0 They think that eduoation belongs t
Il the select few and unfits the ordinar
nman for his station in life, makes hir'
' (discontented with his lot, threatens ec
Is cialism, I will only say thbat, as ion
nas there is room for improvement It I
Is a curse to keel) men's ind(1 contente(
iO To doubt that, it is good for all men I
' know, is to believe that darkness
n better than light-it, is to doubt that
i Is good for us to know the woindroi
~' truths in the midst, of which God hi
' placed us.
-Fritz Prnios, a farmer living nco
DO Baltimore, had no coffin in which
a bury his sister, so he disInterred tI
a body of his brother, lifted it from tI
re collin and wrapping it in a quilt, plaic
re it back in thbe grave and covered
si Then he took the old coflin to the bar
in repainted it and put the body of f
~l itr in it. 'thie cohin was then plac
MORGAN MAKISS STATEMINT
NOT PLOTTING AGAINST ItYAN.
TI'e Chicago Platform the Granlest
Presentation of Demooratic Prin
pies Ever Maide.
Senator Morgan, of Alabama, has
given.his views on politics to a repre
sentativo of the Atlanta Constitution,
explaining the circumstances of the al
leged interview with him not long ago
in Washington. ils statement is as
follows :
"That interview ?' Yes, I see they
are making a good deal out of it or try
ing to," said he, as I led the corversa
tion up to the matter that had taken
me to his presence. "Well, It is hard
ly necessary for me to say that I am
making war on nobody or that there is
no deep and dark plot back of anything
I have said or done. [ am not in the
habit of making war on Democrats
and if Mr. Bryan is nominated, I shall
be found supporting him with all the
enthusiasm at my command. As for
the delegation from this State, if the
Democrats-the majority of them
think Mr. Bryan the best man to nom
inate, I will throw up my hat as high
as the highest. I have said nothing
that can fairly be conbtruod as a fight
against the brilliant Nebraskan-nor
as a light for any other of the many
good Democrats who way or may not
havo presidential aspirations. The
ideas 1 have advanced are given solely
for the purpose of contributing toward
Democratic victory. I want the party
to win, if it can win without surrender
ing any of its principles. I would not
sacrillce principles in order to gain a
victory, for such a victory would be
hollow and would mean nothing in the
advancement of true Democracy ; but
I wo-.A,; like to see the party win, and
I think now ;: the time to carefully
consider what one of all the true and
loyal Democrats of the country will be
the best man to nominate. I have no
body to suggest, but the party is big
ger than any one man and surely it
will not hurt to consider calmly and
soberly what is best to do under all the
circumstances."
I asked Senator Morgan if the inter
view published in Washington was a
carefully prepared document given out
as an authorized statement or how it
came about.
"Oh, no, it was nothing of the sort.
I have said nothing about it, bect.use
I do not care to say anything that will
look like a reflection uuon a newspaper
friend with whom I did talk ; but it all
grew out of a cabual conversation on
the street one evening. That was on
the 5th of July. I had forgotten all
about it until the 11th, when it ap
peared in the papers. I do not now want
to be underetood as repudiating it, al
though printed it only partially rep
resents my views, and much of the lan
guage put in my mouth I never used.
Much that I did bay was omitted
some things that woul. have changed
the general trend of the interview be
ing forgotten by the man with whom I
talked, and instead of its being a care
fully prepared prununciamento, as some
of the newspapers have endeavored to
make out, I told my friend at the out
.et that L did not want the matter to
be used #s coming from me, but gave
it to him rather with the idea that he
elaborate it in his own way and us his
own matter. After we had talked he
beseeched me to let him use my name
ia connection with the suggestions I
had advanced, and as he had said it
would greatly add to the value of the
matter to him, I linally said he might
do so, as I am never afraid to father
any views which I hold. I did not
think he was going to put me in quota
tion marks or I would have seen to i1
that all I said was presented just as I
said it, but again let me say that I d.
not repudiate the young man who did
la a general way, get, down seome of my
views as I gave them."
"Wnat particularly was not pre
sented ?"'
"Well, for one thaing, what I had t
say about the Chicago p)latform. I am
as you know, a great believer in the
Chicago platform, word for word and
letter for letter. I have studied that
platform in the light of Democr-atic
history more than most men, and]
have always maintained that it is the
grandest presentation of the true prin
ciples of Democracy that, has ever beer
made. 1 believe in every plank in that
p~latform and have always advocated
it, not in a general way merely, but ir
every way looking to the enactmeni
Into law of any of its principlea. I so'
some of the gold organs say my tall
indicates a weakening on the platform
and they are proclaiming that the:
have caught me. Well, all I've got ti
say about that is they've eaught a tar
tar, that's all.
"The whole idea of my talk," com
tinued Senator Morgan, "was that w
ought to all get together and elect
president if we can. I find a lotc
good Democrats-as good Democrat
as anybody, as loyal, as earnest and a
true-who do not believe it Is possibi
to win with Mr. Bryan as the nom
nee. Even those who are talking moi
enthusiastically for his nomination ar
inclined to take that view of it. Ii
deed, It is diflicult to find a Democra
familiar with the situation throughou
the country who believes Mr. Brya
has much of a chance for election.
"Now, some people may cry ou.
against this talk as heresy, but if It
true that there is scarcely a chance t
win with Mr. Bryan, I am sure it
,not heresy on the part of other Dem<
> crats to look around and see if there
, not some other man upon whom a
a Democratic elements might unite, an
. -on the Chicago platform -elect hin
I feel sure that if Mr. Bryan were sa
s lathed thbat any othber Denmocrat had
.better chance of election he would nm
o let personal ambition stand in the wa
s of party success. I do not say there
t any other man who does stand a bett<
s chance; but what I do say is that it
,, our privliege as Demnocrats, and indet
our duty to the p'arty, to look aroum
us and see whetner there is a got
chance of bettering our outlook 1
ir considering whether some other cand
oI (late would not be even more availabl
me If it, is thoughbt, after due consider
mo thorn, that Mr. Bryan is the best ma
ad ihis chances for success will not ha
Lt. Ibeen injured at, all b~y the fact of ot~h
nmen having been thought of; !uadec
is they will have been strengthened i
ad appears that he has been chosen aft
d ue cnsbdration and not. through t
influence of ioughtless enthusiasm
or ardent hero worship. I greatly ad
mire Mr. Bryan and have always paid
my tribute to the splendid campaign he
made in 1896; but what we have to
think of is not the campaign of 1896,
but the campaign of 1900, bringing, as
it must, new conditions. It Is no re
flection on Mr. Bryan that we should
look carefully over the field and con
oider other men : it is rather a reflec
tion upon ourselves if we jump into
this thing blindly, taking It for grant
ed that because ie was the nominee
throe years ago he must of necessity
be the nominee next year."
"The partof your Washington inter
view most criticised, Senator," I ven
tured to suggest, "was that in which
you were made to intimate that the
only thing that ought to be required of
a nominee that lie pledge himself not
to veto a silver coinage bill."
"That Is one respect in which the in
terview does not do me full juitico. It
is a sin of omission rather than of con
urission, however. The faliuro to pro
sent the context of our talk at this
point has the effect of clouding my
ideas on that subject. I was talking
particularly about Cleveland's repudia
tion of all the pledges which his party
had made, and in this connection, my
suggestion was that any man who was
nominated should pledge himself to
stand true to every plank in the plat
form. All the troublous times throug h
which the Domocratic party has been
called upon to pass were duo to Cleve
land's repudiation of the pledges made
the country by the convention which
nominated him. We want nothing
more of that kind. In talking, further,
of probable Issues and of the legislation
upon which a Democratic president
elected next year would have to pass, I
suggested that, with the Republicans
in control In the Senate, there is prac
tically no chance for the passage of an
unlimited coinage of silver bill; and if
a man could Ie found more available
than Mr. Bryan on the other great is
sues, It might be --gh to know that
he would obey the will of his party as
expressed in whatever silver legisia
tion it might be possible to get through
Congreus.
"I believe we will be able to got a
start toward silver rostoiation in the
legislation that is necessary for the
new possessions. It may be possible to
force through Congress At its next ses
sion such recognition of silver as will
prove a material beginning toward
complete silver restoration. If in fur
nishing currency for those countries
which have been largo silver users and
in which our money s sure to take the
place of the Spanish money, we open
the way for the coinage of live hundred
millions or a thousand millions of sil
vor, the demand for that metal would
surely raise the price to such a polui
that there would be a practical resto
ration of the commercial parity of the
two metals, and the bogie which hai
frightened the business world would bE
dispelled. 1 think we should do the
best we can toward that end. When
we can got an unlimited coinage bill
through Congress, we should do so:
until we can, we should do all In our
power to pave the wAy for the increased
use of silver, because it will lead to
the doired end of complete restora
tion. If we can do that, we will have
have done much. If sonic other Dem
crat than Mr. Bryan can bring about
the victory that must necessarily be
the forerunner of any such legislation,
it is our right and our duty to ITud sucli
a Democrat. I do not say that there le
a better man, but I do say that wC
should carefully consider whethe
there is or not.
'*We should consider men in the ligh
of the Issues of the coming campaign
I trust the Chicago platform will b
reatfirmed In its entirety. If there I
any attempt to change the declaration
on any of the points covered in tha
document, I am sure It wonld only b
for the worse. I do not care to criticis
Mr. Bryan's utterances on the territti
rial question and I have certaInly ha
no Idea of misrepresentling his view
in any particular. The newspaper
may have done this, for some of pher
have certainly rep~orted me as alvocal
Ing the Immediate wIthdrawal of thi
troops from the Philippines, whic
seems to mean before peace and stabl
IIty are restored. I do not at all agre
with Mr. Bryan in his advocacy of
protectorate over thoae islands, fc
such alprotectorate an he has talkedc
would bring us a maximum of reuponsl
b ility for the acts of a governmen
over which we had no control, and that
it seemis to me, is the most dangerou
of all the plans that have been pr<
posed( for the. disposition of the l'hilii
pine question. However, 1 (10 not, car
3 to criticise Mr. Bryan or start, a cor
troversy over this question. It onl
srers to Illustrate that we cannot, b
too careful in the selection of the mas
0 who Is to be the party standard-heare
a in that camp~aign.
f "Governor Johnston says he Is goin
5 to make a light, for a Bryan delegatk
s to the convontion,'' I added.
e "if the D~emocrats of Alabama thi
Bryan thc right man to nominate, the
4 will find me joining them in shoutir
e for hIm. 1 have great confidence
- their wisdom; and for that very reas<
4 hoelieve that it should be left to them
t look carefully over the field and, u
n swayed by any consideration save ti
party good, decide who, in their opi
t, ion, Is the man to lead the party to vi
a tory, In all I have saId I have not bed
o talking for Mr. Morgan or Mr. An
a body else ; my one and only idlea is th
-the party should do what Is best fi
a itself."
d --It is related of on'ral Nathi
1- Bledford F'orrest that on one occasic
I,- a loquacious widow asked him why b~
a beard was still black while his ha
,was turning gray. General F~orce
y answered that he could give no e
Is planation unless that "hbe had use
ir his brain a little more than his jawi
is it was this very quality that, mai
d General lPorrest one of the greate
id soldiers of his time, the soldier
>d whom General Sherman said, " Aft
1ny all, I think IForrest was the most,
A- markamblo man our civil war produci
(3- on either side. In the fIrst place,
a- was uneducated, while Jackson al
n, Sheridan and other brilliant loade
ve nere soldiers by profession. Hie sceem
er always to know what I was dloing
d, intended to do, while I arn free to c(
it foss I coulC never tell or forma a
er satisfactory idea of what, he was tryl
SEULtETARY AIAERt 'IEIGNS.
lias Presence In the Cabinet Was Not
Desrable-lio Formeil an Alliance
with Pingree.
Gen. Russell A. Alger, the Seuro
tary of War, has resigned from the
cabinet, to take effect at the pleasure
of President McKinley.
'he rebignation of Secretary Alger
is believed to have been sought by the
President, as public opinion had al
most crystalized in a desire for the
Secretary's retiremont. The feeling
began with the first charges of Gen
oral Miles that the beef furnished the
army of invasion in Cuba had boon
chemically treated, or "embalmed."
It was at once apparent to many that
tha contracts ontered into between bho
war fiopartmont and packers wore
irregular, and so strong were the oriti
cisms that the President ordered a
board of investigation, which, after a
long and tedious hearing, dismissod
the matter by simply criticising some
of the acts of the war department, but
eronerating the Socretary or General
Magan, the chief comnmheary, of any ir
regularity in awarding the contracts.
In this matter the President stuck
eqluarely by his Secretary of War and
defended him whenever opportunity
offered. Tien the tremendous death
rate from sickness in the at my caus'ed
a general complaint extending from
ocean to ocean, and whatevor explana
tion was offered was quickly eclipsed
by the utartling figures showing that
disease thinned the ranks a dozen
times more than Spanish bullets. The
criticisms along this line were joined
in oven by army oflicers, who recogniz
ed and chargcd that the army was in
many instances olticered by men who
know nothing whatever of army rules
or methods, and that the disease wal
duo in many cases to incompetence on
tho part of the regimental command
ors and the surgeons, whose appoint
ments were made through politicol in
iluonees.
With one of these charges at the
door of the war department, a tromon
dous crusade a-ainst so-called " Al
gorism " began, and as the Secretary's
determination not to retire incroaeed,
public demand for his removal in
creased, until the most powerful of the
Eastern newspapers were almost uini
ted in a determination that he should
surrender his portfolio. Through all
of this the Secretary declared he would
not retiro under firo. But recently he
announced for the United States Senate
in Michigan against tho incumbent,
Senator McMillan. In doing this he
Upenly formed an alliance with Gover
nur Pingree, who is a declared anti
administration iopubilican. Senator
MeMillan is a strong McKinley adv
Cate.
This last act was the straw that
broke the camel's back so far as Me
Kiniey is concernod. In the storm of
criticism the President had stoo.1 by
him, but to hold a position In tibe 'ro
sident's offleial faminly In national poll
ties and be allied with the President'i
enemy in Stato polltics was a double
that, the fricnds of the President
openly resisted, and whilo McKinley,
himself, has acted with the utmost
diplomacy, it Is known that lie deter
mined then and there to make a
change. The announcemont. of the
Soerstary's retgnatior, therefore, Is in
ino with what correspondents have
prudieted for a imonth past.
There is much speculation as to who
will succeed Secretary Alger. General
liarrison U. Otis, Governor ltosevelt,
General Leonard Wood and others are
montioned for the place.
Secretary Alger was born in the
township of Lafayette, Medina county,
Ohio, ebruary 2', 1830. I1is parents,
Russell Alcr and Caroline Moulton,
were from New EInglaand stock, whost
8 ar~cestry were Scotch and English
Swas educated at the ltichifield academi
e in Itichfiold, Summit, county, Ohio, at
0 tending the autumn and winter terme
working on a farm by the month thi
d remainder of the year to enable him t,
a do so; taught school two winters
'a studied law with Wolcott & Uqpson it
a Akron, Ohio, during 1857 and 1858 an
in 1859 until admitted to the bar
e practiced law but a little time ; r<
h moved to Michigan January 1, 18610
Icommenced lumbering in a small wa
e on borrowed capital ; at the breakin
a, out, of thbe war he enlisted in tihe volum
r toer service September 2, 1861, an
~fmustered into service to date Octobc
- 2, 1861, as captain, Second M'chiga
t eavalry ; was promoted to be major
'a the same regiment to take effect fro:
5 April 17, 1802, lieutenant colonel (
Sthe Sixth Michigan cavalry Octobe
30, 18612, and colonel of the 1Fifth Mich.
0 gan cavalry .June ii, 1863 ; resigne
Septemnber 10, and was discharge
y September 20, 18614; was severel,
a WOudeld at, the battle of Boonsbior(
n Md., .July 8, 1803, and received th
r brevet commissions of brigadier gori
oral and major general of volunteer fo
g gallant and meritorious services dur
n ing the war ; returned to Michigan a
the close of the war, and with bot
k rowed capital re-engagod in the luna
~y bering business, which has stuadil
ig increased year by year in volume ; he
In extensive business interests of varlot
m kinds in other States thban Michigari
owas Governor of his State for the yeal
n- 1885 and 18861; was appointed Seer'
10 tary of War March 5, 1897, andl co
nl- firmed the same dlay.
mn -The Chicago TrIbune says :"IL
y- to the present time 83,000 dog licensi
at hay, been issued in 1899. Before tl
:>r season is over it is estimated that sev<
or eight thousand more will be tak<
out,. It is estimated by tbe kenn
in editor of the American ["ield lh
in about, one out, of every five dogs in it
is city is provided with a license. IFigu
ir ing on this b~asis the total canine pop
st lation of the city Is about 200,000.
x. fair estimate of the cost of keeping
id dog is twenty-five cents a week. Ta
." lng into account, not only the (logs 11
Je whIch licenses are taken out this woe
st give a total of $l0,000 a woek. it is al
of estimated thata childl can be supporti
er- in comfort, for as little as $3i a week.
e- ether words tmhe money spent week
ad in this city for the maintenance
rio dogs would keel) nearly 3,500 childri
ad for the same length of time."
ed it is a pleaisanater way to biuy a mtedlii
or thatd says ona its face: "I guranmtee to pgi
.you artisfaiction,." Very, vecry few mec
ri mesiC are sol t his waty A Allgigaor I
ny imenit has been solud amt guaranteed l
ng years andm~ no compilaimnt, onily praise.
nursn ni ii as t4Il nuerywlInace.
TIHC DEATH OF INGKIISOM,,
The Most Noteti infitlel and Agnios
tic of the Ninetoonth Century Has
Passed Away Suddonly,
Col. Robert G. Ingersoll died sudden
ly at his country home at Dobbs lorry,
N. Y., shortly after 12 o'clock on
Friday afternoon, July 21st.
Mr. Ingersoll went to his summer
home in Didda Perry two days before,
apparently in good health. Shortly
after his arrival there he complained
of a slight indisposition. ie spent the
morning in his room, and shortly be
fore he was stricken, his wifo olfored
to have a luncheon sent up to him so
that he would not have to walk down
stairs to the dining room below. l1
laughingly replied that while he did
not feel quite as young as he used to,
he guessed he was not yet an invalid,
and lie would -o with the oth.ra. As
he finished speaking and was about to
rise he fell back Into his chair. A
physician was i mmedilately summoned,
but whon he reached the house he
found that Mr. Ingersoll had died
almost istantly.
Tho physician did not give the 1ause
of doath, but the family bellove it was I
due to apoplexy. Mr. Ingersoll's wife,
and two daughti rs were with him c
when he died. t
Rtobert Green Ingersoll, lawyer, was
born in Dreodon, N. Y., August 11, 1833.
His father was a Congregational clor
gyman, with such broad viows as fre
quontly to cause dissention between
hinsolf and his parish.
The son's boyhood was spent in Wis
consin and Illinois, where the family
removed in 1843. After studying law
ho opened an ofmee in Shawnectown,
Ill., with his brother, leben, who was
subsequently a nember of Congress.
Both engaged in politics, but the bur
roundiugs wore uncongenial, and in
185 they removed to Peoria.
In 180 ltobert was a Damocratic
candidate for Congress, but was de
foated. In 1,863 he became colonel of
the Elevonth Illinois cavalry, and a
ear and a half later united with the
Itpublican party. In 1866t; he was ap
pointed attorney general of Illinois.
At the national Hopublican conven
tion In 1876 he proposed the name of
James G. Blaine for the presidential
nomination in a speech that attract d
much attention. From that Line his
servierw as a campaign orator have
boon in demand tbroughout the couin
try.
In 1877 he refused the post of minis
ter to Gerwnany. He has taken part in
numerous noted law suits and was con n
oel for the socalled star route con
spirators. whose trial ended in acquit
tal in 1883.
ie is well known by his books,
Impleil1ts and sIpeecios directed
against the ChristMan religion. lie
has publishied " Theo Gods," (Was~hing
tin, 1878); " GU hosts," (118'.79); ",U im
M istake. of Mos',." (187); " iectures
Complete," (I883); ' ioso l'oeis and
Seletions," (I ); a large numnbcr of
minor works, and introductory chap
ters for two hooks, entitie,l "Modern
Thinkers," compiled by Van luron
Deslow, (Chicago, 1881): and "The
Brain and tho Bible," by Fdgar C.
lh all, (0Olncinnati, 1882.)
l'A UL. JiONPS' (A V E -Whel,her the
bpnes of 'aul Jones, the greatest naval
hero of the revolution, rest in an hon
ored svot or ie in the obscurity of tho
potter s 1ield Is a question in disputo.
The Prennch nation, which buried the
dead horo with tbo higliest honors a
littlo over a hundrod years ago, i4 to
day unable to point out the last resting
place of the American commander.
Paul Jones died in Paris in 1782,
and was buried by the iPrench govern
miont. The secretary of state recently
addressed a letter to Mr. Heonry Vig
naud, of the Uniteod States embassy, in
P'aris, asking whether the grave of
John I'aul Jones in Paris is known
and marked. ieo has recoived a reply
fromi M r. V ignaud saying that althoug h
hne has mia.le earnest, and frequent, in
Squirles of t~ne cIty authorities in nregard
to the maatter, he has been unable to
discover the whereabouts of thne grave.
Ono thing establisned by his inqluir-ies
however, lie says, is thnat John Paul
Jones was not buried in the cemetery
~where the remains of Lali'ayotto lav,
as has been supposed by sonne peSople
la another quarter it is intimatet
that owing to a custom prevailing ii
r Paris the remains of John Paul Jone
were deposited in a rented grave for
term of years, and that upon the ox
ilration of the lease, a great mnan;
ryears ago, the i)ones of this distin
rguishiedAmnerican patriot were thrown
into the potter's fielId.
A iDS TO l"EMININJ0 BhaA UY.-Elder
flower water is famous for its coolingi
Sproperties, as Is also lavender wateor.
. Avoid tight lacing and any form oi
r dressing which compresses any orgar
. of thbe body.
tNevor go out In blustry n eather with
.out a vell unless you wish a tanned
. skIn or fro-jkles.
Dj not wear tight shoes if you do
a sire a graceful carriage ; no womar
a can walk comfortably or well in shoen
.that are too emall for her feet. D). no'
wear too small gloves.
~. D)o not, forget, when drying the fsem
.- after washing to rub upward towart
the nose. T1his will prevent wrinkles
and will help to smooth out to a grea
extent the crease alongside the nose.
UsIe neither hot nor cold water cx
eclusivoly for bathing. A good rule ta
ifollow Is a hot bath at night and a cob
one in themrng but bo e to tak<
a bath daily If you wish to keep you
Sskin In good condition.
SA good cure for sunburn is made b;
r- slicing and soaking a curumber for
a. few hours in milk, bathing the fac
A two or thareo times a day with It,. Dr
a the face carefully afterward, using
~. soft towe.-L~adies Home Journal.
d( --Mary 11. Kemnpor, of Butte, M.,nt
~O sixteen years old, was In swimmin
ad at Nantasket Beach, when her young<
n sister went beyond her doepth and wi
Ly seen to sink. Mary (luteckly went
Of the rescue, and with dificulty brougi
ar. her sister in close to the shore. Theb
Mary suddenly fell prostrate In tl
water, and was dead whcu assistan
o arrived. While many believe she w
edrowned as the result of exhaustion
n. saving her sister's life, some thir
or that she died of heart failure befo
it dropping in the water. The body w
4AI& & ARNOLD'S
Shoe Store.
SHOES AND THINGS THAT
LOOK LIKE SHOES.
Everyone will admit that there is
i great difference )ctween shoes and
ihoes. That there are Inferior Shoes
Ind Superior Sloes , anl in every grade,
style and kind there are firits, seconds
%i(( thirds and so on. This is true in
-very branch of trade--hence you have
0 depend oil the experieie, ability
md reliability of your local dealers for
rood shoes at the right prices. Now,
he next, question is, who or where can
find the best for the money ? There
re mnan1y convincing reasons why you
mni buy the best for the money, and
lie same for less money from us than
Isewhere, but we will only
qAMlC A FEW REASONS WIY.
First. The senior Inemlber of this
irm ais been in the wholesale shoe
meiness for the past thirteen years,
retting experience that is invaluable
mii' eniables us to know where and how
o buy the correct gools at the lowest
ires. So much for good shoes.
Second. We can afyord and do
4ell shoes at less prolit than exclusive
ihoe dealers; for the reason we
do not have to rent extra room or etu
ploy extra salesmen. It is all done
under the same roof along with our
dry goods business, hence the expense
of doing our shoe business is at least
601 per cent less than the expense of
an exclusive dealer.
Thir(l. We have the advant:ige
of buying in large quantities, as we
sell both whylesale and retail---enabling
us to hey at closer figures than a mero
retailer. So its as )lain as A, B, C,
the )(sition we occlpy to save you
.ioney. We have received more than
a car joad a tho last thirty days. We
lianllle the best mia: A- q il Drew,
Selby & Co.'s line of Ladies' 1iie
Ahoes. We vanit. to
MOUiL) INTO YOUlt MiEMORY
''hie adlvIntage of hilying fromt us.
We carry no .ol LiO's or Tn ASnY
Sit. You cati't atford to put your
mni~ey into rotten shoes; they don't
improve with age. Our st ock is brand
new1 -we only opened ip) March 1 5th.
MAHON &-ARNOLD,
NO. 2zu UPPIER MAIN STRUXT.
J. If. AIlomAN & lito.'8 OLD STAND.
Agents for M~icCall lazar Patterns.
WEIEK[Y CROP IULIiETIN.
COLUMBIA, S. 0., July 18th, 1899.
At tho beginning of the week ending
July 17th, the temperature was lower
than usual, but with steadily increas
ing heat up to Saturday (15) on which
date it rose to from 96i to 105 degrees
excep~t on the immediate coast. Trhe
extreme maximum of l05 is the hig h
ost ever recorded at, Columbia. The
tropic heat, continued to the close of
the week.
With the exception of guito general,
but lIght showvrs throughout the
State on the 8th, and in a few liaces
tn the 10th, there hais beeni no rain of
any conseqjuence in two woeks, and
over the greater portion of the State
the need of moisture ls urgent to main
tain the condition of the various crops;
indleed, over the central and western
counties, crops are fast failing under
the combined inflionce of prolonged
torrid heat and extreme dryness.
b Water courses are very low, and stock
- water Is becoming scarce. Desiccating
winds, too, aided in drying the soil and
vegetat~Ion, but made the heat more
endurable for animals.
F~or the first time this season, the
majority of the reports are unfavorable
on cotton, relating that growth has
pr actically stopped, that the plants
are losing theIr previous healthy
color, and are shedding leaves and
sqluares, and are blooming to the very
top). Generally, they are well fruited
with bolls. In Marion, Marlboro, and
Cherokee counties the crop Is unim
paired. Sea-island cotton continues to
do well, but in places is blighting.
Old corn is suffering severely from
dryness, and much is injured beyond
recuperation oven should it rain soon.
At a few poInts only, Is corn up) to an
average condition. Young corn has
not reached its critical stage of growth
and generally maintains its color, but
is not making seasonable growth.
Tobacco has Improved. Gathering
and curing has made rapid progress.
The crop Is yielding well, and some
fields excellently.
Nearly all but the very latest plant
ings of rice have been laid by, and as
ciaterpillars are no longer troublesome,
the crop is In fine shape. Upland rIce
is, however, suffering for rain.
Melon vines are failing. Peas dying,
and acreage reduced. Pastures and
gardens are burning up. Pears, apples,
grapes and figs are lelntlful in Uhar
leston County, but the commercial
crop of fruit throughout the State is
small. Grapes are ripening over the
geastern counties.
iCASTOR IA
eFor Infants and Children.
SThe Kind You Have Always Bought
k Be*ars (ho
e signiature of