The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, May 06, 1897, Image 4
THE DEDICATION Of GRANT'S TOMB.
DMPOSIN, CE Mt1MONIES AT Tl
ItIVulRS1DIC.' PAICK.
A Million of' Spectators Witness th,
Great Parai(c--A Sceneo of Wondet
n1 Splendor-PresiIent Mlc nlel y'
Triasuto to 8ls Illustrious Predc
cessor.
With military piomp and Splendo
nevt.rt before witnessed in this country
was dedicated on tho 27th of April thi
mugn ificent mIollument erected by th
people of the country to the miemor
(if Ulysss S. Grant. Tho ceromonic
took IP!Ic iII tihe )resCIICO of a grtea
iltu ititude of people. Six milts o
str t wr c lined with propie estilliat
ed to nu1tmbe' ever 1.000,000. It was I
tribu't e o' the pp0u1IllACo to the grea
Americani genra tiant haS no )alI-0lIt!
in \mrictiin history. As all 'urop
holored Napoleon's interment unde
the doniw of the Lnvalids, so did al
- lInwrict honor GIant. There Wa
ae- mbled on the h iih knoll of th
drive, oil the il nmerouis stands ueceti'
ab'out the tomb, such a gathering o
men of emi nence from far and near, a
was strange to even cosmopolitan Nov
York. Standing withia the v0r;
shadows of the ionuient itself werm
the Prcsident.t and Vico I 'esident. tht.
memb hers of his cahinot, ull the living
noted generals of the country, thi
(I'ploliatic corp1s, 'eprest'enting Grea
Brvitian, Gtermiany, Frantev, RuISsia
China and other nations, tembers o
Congre1, the Gover not's of scores 0
States, miiemibe'rs of ditferilt Igisit
ti v bodie-s throughout the country
Irollttlent Coltderlate sldiers wit
Winm Wirat, t L croSsd swodls in th
sixtuie. al01 hent upo honoring ti
meorv of Ame uiica's celebrate
tsoll ier.
Thle paralde froml Madis~onluae
then' toIh waS Ia tIIizzling SpeO'.ACl
I-'iftyV thoulsanld mlen mnarched it. soli
colum tu nmid thilt hiu irrabis of the mult
oe. In thie North iver over 2
erlafts of all descrit,ition joinod in ti
dilemonstiration. Tho warships of th
N orth Atlantic mtina( ron wer,() ass tI
ied in doubled indented colutn itn
tmeidiately opsllite the tmioniiment aI
back of tlte'n rodu, it anthior at fle
of foreoi.n warshi ips which gatiheri
hore in honor of the oc'cas'ion. IIn
IIltat( ly hvi nd the visiting ship
V as a tleet of United States revenu
cutters. and fturthiet' down the rive
weret anI immne; fleet, of mer-chanil
vesselIs.
iTh iCreiit's iegan with til
marllabing of t.i) soldie and civiliat
towat'd t he nobio temple w h1 iel
sh ltrs Grnts body%. It wats 1L)::,
wheni tir '~ Aliabai oidge gave ti
orlrfor, Ille t'rt coluin to Inlove
1"1011 11,1 hat 11ur un il eenilltr thjelai
wa tile wtith ImartIal music. Th
crwdilong the rou)Ite Wer-( un1pre
toidlenteid. llundrd tof statid, taoel
seat ng thouo-ands, hadl bieen erectet
i weire iy inl the day hie-sieged h
tlot:e who wire Willing to pity Itny
wihero froiim $'2 to $10 for a seat. Th
reattt cr'owds were at 'ark phlCi
l'FIfty-ni nth sWr'Cet and lifth atveniut
the 'ark circle, l'ifty-ninth street an
ilroadway, and in the Vicinity of t1
tomibu. The crush at the hlatter ptlait
was enormous and dangerous. Ti
stanMids abOiut the tomb aid along ti
dviveways were particilarly jamied
those jiut aboitt the tomb seatedi a
pr-oximately 50,0t0) aind tlt, 0th1
stiands Iisihly 2,il.tl0 more. As tl
marhintg columtns passd the 1uon
mntt (in the west sile, each colutn
gave a silent saluate, which was r
penatedl on thto ofpposito side oif the tonm
w here the men passedl in revilew of tI
Presild'n t. Thme w holo li ne of nut~
was~ hieauttifully decooratedf with li
and butin g. Thle re was sca rcelyv
1houste iilong the 't to w hich i nt
ila~~iy thbe na~tional coflors. l.'latgs lie
fromn housetops, while in mn'ny i:
s tances hbuiildinugs werte almonist smoiithe
the 'd he hinil proif use .iecoratio'ns. I'
lat'ger stands were dlecor'ated' wit
r'oyal purpt'Ile bunting andi Amnerica
tiagi.. TheIi speakor~n detsk, at whit
thne P'residlent pr'esidedI, was cover<
with the presidentiail oficial sag. (
otheor stands suspenideid from po0l
were( hung the 18 armty corpsI) E igs
the ar'my. Fromi the tombh Itself the
.wats no deCcoraLtion t3xcept, double v
tor'y palm Is bountd on the face of ean
collumun of the front. T1hey we
fastened on the columns with pii'
silk, which is the color used in t,
windows of the tomb to subdue t
light from without. On oIthort munin
pal stands were placed the flags of t,
foreign coutntries. In the conitro
the -main stand wor'ked ini naltiont
color~s was the mtotto: "Let us5 lil
pdeace."' Thliis insipilltioni was al
cat'ved ove' the facade of the tomb)
gold letters and was the fitrst thing
catch the eye at close quarters.
Sutrroundled by his cabinet, his go
eralM, and his friends, Il'resident, MI
K inloy stood and reviewedl the gran
est ml iiti'y parado evet' seeni in tb
city. Thero were regular soldiet
regu lari siilot's, naitinal guaridsmn
of the sea and land forces, G rand~ Arni
veterani, Con federato veterans, at
the stripl ings who1( in the futurno ti
fighlt as gaillan tly as thueirt fathers i
When the cheering was lit its loudle
andi whben the wind had someiwhat dki
away, a touching scene was5 onncoe
-which was s'een by few. Silenitly Mr
Grant stole away from the l'resident
reviewing stand, whetro she had bee
watching the gallant, troops go b;
and, leatilng on the arm of her som
Col. Grant. madeo ber way toi the tom1t
fel lowed only by 1,he members of th
Grant famnily. The bronzo (loot's woL
opetned and the wIdow of the her
pasedl froum the outside world into tlt
quiet of the tombi. For' about te
rmnute's she stayed there, and thet
w lih ner face hidden in her hands, sh
left, thte sceno.
Soon after this. I 'resident McKinle
Went abotard the Doulphin amid th
0o01min g of gutns andl reviewed th
gr'eat warships that lay In the shade'
of the totmb. T1hie dense crowds sti
stay(.d in theoir' seats andl watched thl
end of tilbo land par'ado. Then who
tihe last cornp~any had pausseod out c
sight on the white roadbed, th
huttdt'eds of thousands of spectattor'
sought their homes. All traffic wa
congest.e and it was hou-as befor'e th
tide of t - vel fell to its normal condi
tion.
At 11:0ti o'clock President McKinlei
entered the spleaker's stanid and wa
followed by the others who were ti
participate In the ceremonIes. Thi
President,, wIth bared head, wVIs th
fir'st to enter the stand, lHe leaned 0i
the ar~m of Mayor Strong, who kep
his hat on. Tihe President was loudlm
cheered as was also ex-P'residont Glove
land, who appeared with ex-Secretar'
Tracy. Mr. Cleveland and Prmesiden'
McKinley shook hasnds wIth eaci
ether, as soon as they met. The twn
then conversed for a moment. Whill
waiting for the ceremonies on thi
stand to commence, ProsIdent Mc
Kinley, Vice President ilobart and ex
President Cleveland had thoir photo
graphs taken In a group.
President McKinley sat at the righ
of the speaker's platform, where hi
was joined by Speaker Thomas B
Iteed, who remained in animated con
versation with the chief mag strat
for seoino timo Ex-President Clevelut
and Mayor Strong conversed togethei
to their left. Tihe Orst row im.
mediately back of the platform wat
occupied by the Grant party, Colono
red Grant being on the end escorting
a his mother.
Mrs. U. S. Grant was wrapped In i
heavy seal cape and over hor lap wai
a heavy plaid shawl. She was dresset
r in a very heavy bauk cropon dresi.
Next to Mrs. Grant was seated hoi
3 dauehter, Mrs. Nellie Grant Sartoris
3 and the other membners of the family,
Immediately back of the Grant famiI3
was seated the members of the Presi
I dent's family, !neluding Mrs. McKin
ley, ir. and Mrs. Abner McKinley and
Miss Maudo McKinley.
The third row was occupied by the
ladies of the cabinuct, many miemnbere
I of the President's household and their
friends in general. The exercises coin
0menced with the singing of "Aimerica.'
I A solemn silenco then fell on the
crowd as Bishop John '. Newman in
voked the blossing of hoavon on the
corionios. lany of the peoplo joined
in the " Our Pather " which concluded
the bishop's prayer. As soon as th
prelate had taken his seat tho hyin o1
thanks, " Old Netherland Peolk Song,'
was sung by the chorus.
Another mighty chor arose as Pre
sident McKinley, after the singing o0
ithe hymn, moved to the rail in thC
speaker's stand to doliver his addross.
le was introduced by Mayor Strong.
"Follow Citizens: A great lifo, dedi
cated to the welfare of tihe nation. here
tinds its earthly c oroination. I'ven it
1 this day iacked tie inprossiveness of
(3 en re mony and was devoid of pageantry,
dI it wouhi h- sili memioraile, becauise it
ie anniversarry of the birth of ont
of the most famious and hest beloved of
A nerican solditrs.
d A rc IIi te'cture has pahld high tribute
to tite leaders of iankilind, ist never
0Was at Imem I'orial imore worthily bestowed
u or more Urtefilly necepled by a fretc
SpeopleLI than tlhe beautiftl strunturdt% he
fort' which wo aro gathered.
I- "In marking the sueces4nfl comile'
it tion of .is work we have as witnes-ses
t ,nd parI'tcip:ijants in this representatives
I of all branehes of our government, tie
resident olicials of foreign nations, tle
G Governiors of States and the sovereign
peolle from every section of our coin
mon counttry, who join in this august
tribute to tho scldiier, patriot and cit
izen.
"Almost twolvo years havi passeI
sinceo the heroic vigil onded atnd thi
brave spirit of Ulysses S. Grant fear
lessly took its flight. Lincoln ant
Stanton had proceded him, but of th
niighty capitains of th war Grant wat
the first to ho called. Sherman aiit
Sheridan survived him, but have sinet
joind iiim oil the otther shore.
''The groat heroes of the civil strif
oin land aad oa are for tile imost parl
now no moro. Thonias ani ilancook
Logan and ieiuliorson, Farragut, 1),i
pont and Porter and a host of other
have passed forever out from humai
sight. Thoiet rouainting grow deare
Li to us, and from them and tihe ineior'
0 of those who have departed goneratiors
Syt unbotn will draw tiule inspiratio
o and gather strength for ltr'iotie pu
eposes.
I ; "A great life never dies. Great dee<
- are iiporishlable:- great nanes iito
r tal. Gene3ra Grant,'s services n
m character will t ontinuo uniimiaisit
- in inthiorco and advance in the estimi
mIt tion oIf mtau'kindl so long as libertyr
e- i maints the corner-sto~ne oef free goveor
mont and intLegrt~ity of life t1bo g uaratn
to of good ci tinzo~nsIp.l~
hi "aithlbful atnd fearless as a voluniiitod
os soldier. inttrepidl and invin cilio as cor
a mander-int-chiief oif tho arm ios of LI
it iUn ion, enilm andt contitden t as Il'resiiidol
wv oif a reunited and streng thontod tnatio
1-which htis genii us hatd lben i nstru me
t~al it achieving, hot itais our t htitma;
eo atnd that oif tihe world; btt brilliant,
it was his public characior, we love i
,n all tihe mor'o for ihis home lifo mt
it hometly1 virtues. In itis indiv idal ity,
'd ihis bear ig and speech. in his simpn
inl ways. ho( had a Ilavor of rare and uniqi
ss dIstinction, and his Americaniusm w
fso true an. utncomproising that I
r'e namte will stand for all time as the 01
ti- bodhntent oif liberty, loyalty and r1
hi tional unity.
roe "Y ictotrious in the work wih ich, uind
10 divine proevidence, he was calletd upl
to toi td, celethd withi almost liith
'1 power, h'e was yet one tof the peopkii
1- patienit, piatriotic and just. Sutcc<
Io d idi not td lsturb the b1(1alantco oif his mhti
of while fameo was powerless to swer
al1 imi fromi the path of tduty. Great
.1 he( was ini war, her loved peace atnd to
o the world that honorable arbitrati
n of di Iforoneos was the best 1hop)
o civilization.
"With Watshington and lincol
-Grant htas an exalted place in htisto
Li- aitnd thto alec~itin of the people. 7I
.1- day itis name is hold in equeal estoe
is by thtoso wvhotm he led to victory ai
s, biy those whon accepted his generti
in trms (If peace. The veteran leade
y oif the bilue anid the gray here meet n
donly to hotntr the name (of the departe
*y Gr-ant, butt to test~Ify to the living ret
.1. ity' of a fratertnal ntatinal spirit,, wh I
~t has Ittriphied over the dilferences
di the past, and transcended tiue limit
I, ions of sectional lines. Its cotmpi
3. tion, which we pray God to speedi, w
's he the ntiorn's greatest glory.
n "It is right then that General Gral
,, shouldl have a metmoriial commntsur'a
, wvitht his greatness andi~ that his hi
I, resting placee should be tihe city (of hi
e choice, to wvhich he was so attachodt:
e life, and whose tIes he was not forge
o ful~ of even in (loath. Fitting, too, it
e that the great soIldion should sleep b
n side tilt nlobil river on whose banks 1
, lirrst lear'ned the ai I oIf war', and<
o, whicht he becamoti muster and lead<i
without a rival.
y "Bhut let us tnot forget the gloriot
0 d istinction with wic lir thte mtropioi
e among tihe fair slsteorood of Amerien
v cities ha'i hontored his life andl mnemor
I LI ih all that richois and scul Ipttturo ca
a do to render the edilice worthy of th
Sman, upon11 a site unsurplassed for mtag.
f nifieonce, has this monument btee
a reared by New York as a per'pots
s re~cord of his illutrio'IS dceds, in th
certainty that as time passes aroutnd
will assemble, with gratitude and ret
eronce and veneration, mont of a
clilmlts, raice~s and nalltinaliti es.
''"New 'Yo(rk htolds In it~s koepitng lh
pr'eoous dust of tile silent soild 1or; bit
his achievements-what he and hi
brave comrades wrought for mankitnd
are In the keeping of seventy illion
of American oitizens, who will guari
the sacred heritage Ioroever and for
over more."
The vast crowd listened with kool
attention toe the P~resident's words ani
't' interval-, broke into cheers whoe
some incirdent in thte dead soldier's
> caireer was alluded to by the distin
gutished spieaker.
As the I'r'esident concluded lis ad
- ress Crol. lerd Grant adlv aneedi ani
shtook him warmly by theo hand. Ai
the two men stood in the foregr mund
of the wonderful plotutre 'ho -pocta'o '
appl~auded. "The Star Spangled B3a'
which General Horace Porter was in.
troduced by the Mayor. The orator of
the day was accorded a warm rece tion.
I More discreet than the President,
' General Porter kept hit; hat on while
- he was speaking. He read his address
I from typewritten manuscript.
I When General Porter began to speak
the biting wind forced many of the
presidential party to seek the shelter
, of the tomb. Among those were Mrs.
5 McKinley, who was lightly indisposed.
I General Porter was followed by Mayor
Strong, who formally accepted the
tomb.
The Grant tomb Is massive, yet well
relieved by pillare and other embellish
nents. The ground upon which It
rests Is 1-10 feet above the river and tho
structure lifts itself 175 feet in the air.
The exterior of the buiding is of Jight
granite and all of tWe i-terior is lin
ished in white marble. Tue porch is
approached by a flight of steps 70 feet
wide. At the southern exposuro is the
opening of the crypt. It is :0 feet
wide in the centre of the chamber.
Looking down Into the vault. the great
sarcophagus holding the remains of
General Grant is to be seen. This
sarcophiagus was mado from one pieco
of Wiconsin porphyry, which is said
to excol in beauty the l'inland por
phyry, from which the sircophgus of
Napoleon was chiselled. leidos this,
is a place for another. Here a dupli
cato will some day hold the remains of
Mrs. Graut. The sarcophagu is of a
dark red color and highly polished.
Tle capstono bears the inseription
"Ulysses S. Grant." Th sarcophagus
weighs 10 tons. It is 10 feet 4 inches
long, 5 feet (; inches wido and -1 feet 8
inches high. The branze doors of the
tomb weigh 7,OUO pounids.
THE FARMEIR AT TIlRC TABLE.
6TANlEY HlIIA WAY.
In considering the farmer in his vari
ous positions and under his many cir
emnstances, we find that there are
times and placos over which he is, or
may be, mastor of the situation, and
we further tind that if he is not, It is
the fault of no one but himself. The
farmior cannot govern the prico of
wheat or corn, nor can lie keep the
prico of hogs at a niekel. In tbe open
market he is not only subject i. the
law of supply and demand, but is also
subject to the will of the gamblers in
Chicago and other market centres.
They bull tibe market and the prieu oi
corn goes up ; so do the spirits of the
farmor when be hears of it. Tuoen
tho bears bring in extensive reports of
enorllous crops and visible surplus,
and juip onto the market witli both
feet and tear it down, little by little,
soimetinies even tearing the v try foun
dation from uinder the lowest antiel
pated prices, then do the spirits of the
farmer drop accordingly. But there
is a placo wbore tie iarkets of tho
world need not worry him, nor cause
any uneasiness on aceint of the visible
sirpluIs. and that paI&Ct, Is Iis o.vi
household ; at hlis own table. 1'ie
I far'mer w ho plans a little, and carries
r out his plans, may have his table sip
plied the year 'round with a variety,
both of vbegutales and meats, and fruit
1he may gather fresh from the garden
live months in the year. Now soni
will say " Ilow can this be ?" In thi:
Is way : The farunir should set out frui
r Ilaits and treen that Will cover the
ifull time of ripening from tihe last ol
d May, when ho begins picking straw
a- berries, until in Uctober, when i
e- picks hiIs winter LIppiles and pear:
1. corut, is wholesome, and tbere are les
persC~ons5 w ho do not enjoiy eating fres
berries or biL fruit, from the hand, an
tho canning and preserving of fruit
carries the seasomn from one yea' e en
to the other, lieginning w ithi th
astraw berry in the early Spring, wv
have cue of the most delicious of a
Sfruits, and oneui mm ce very farme
Smay be well supplied with if he i
SOnly take a little care. There need h
mino e1 xpeni.,. A f--w p'unts oeb
d( btrawberry, rasp~berry and liackborra
n if properly cared--for, will in twvo yeai
e ive an abundance 01 fruit, aind plenlt
eof planlts with which to e xi,end th
afruit-bed if so de-i r*' . A na .0 it
Iswith the currai~tb andi gooeusar' y---a
n.are brought ito eariy and abundai
a- hearing with but little expense
trouble. Hefore thbe blackberries ai
or gonei we ar-c using our cherries, Suni
'ncmr apples and1( pears, and one in
w hiin peaches. I n tis local ity cin
_need not expe~ict perachues as a regi I
crop, but if lie will set out two o" tire~
d, trees and give them some attent ion h
will be amply rewar-ded for the tim
ashe bestows upon them, for a nec
Idcrop once ini thrmee or four iyeaurs i
on pay3 good rent for thbe ground eccu pie
of by the tree. TIhe l all and \Vinlt(
fruit may be made to extend throng
n the season unil beiries come augai
ry App;les are easily lkept six monti
. alteor pileking, and can be kept, te
m~ months by keeping in a low aind eve
idtemperature and excluding theccircuh*
as8 tion of the air.
re Now turning to tho vegetables, wv
at find that the early out-dloor garde
id gives us aspatragus, lpieplant, lettuet
-on ions, radlishies-and sin uach about, ti,
:h lirst of May, aind are soon fobowved b,
of beets, p)eas, heans, po~taitoes, etc.,
a- which we may have a continuous sui
c. ply uiitil the November fr-osts cut dow
Iall out-door growth. Whelin froi
cormes or Is expeted, we gathior an
istore the remaining vegetables int
othe cellar or pidta, and thius coiitinmiu
t the supp~lly of p)otaitos, parsips~ , cari
Srots, beets, cabbage, and a few otlber:
n utilI the SApr-ing gar-den againi come
.to our relief. T1herc nr.' many kind
a of veget~ables whIiich arr niot eoiiiioiil
~. found in the farmer's garden, bu
o which he cani grow with little trouble
~f andl itli much pilileasure to hiis fanily1
3m.r~ Squashes are cashily growni and vei
productive, and iiay be keplt all \Vin
Stor along with pumpiilkins in a dr
is place, safe from freezing. 1E'g plant
.n must not be put in i~bo garden umnti
settled warm weather, but arie theci
n' rank growers, productive aiid hard;
Suntil killed by frost. Caul Illowers ari
,as easily grown ais cabbages, aim
n celery may be growvn equal to any fmron
iMichigan or elsewvhe, if it only ire
Sceivos tho fertility aind plenty of watoer
SThus we muight, extend the farmer'
. list, of vegetables, cyoni to the limiit, o
the city markets ; but, it takes somfl
extra time to care for so great a variet.a
e in the garden.
S Along with thce vegetables ant
a friiti, the farmer can prounc all thi
.meat reqluired for his own table, be
e sidoe that which he prepares for nmar
j kmet. Sugar cured ham Is Included ir
.his daily bill of fare ; ho also has all
the other hog prodlucts iIthin hh i
a reach-lard, sausage and bacon- thai
j lhe knows to be from good, thrifty,
a healthy lhoge.
But his meat suppllies should not be
. limited to the one Item of pork.
Many farmers keep sheepJ amid can
. have fresh mutton or Iamb oeecas
slonally.
A farmer cannot alonio use a whio'o
mutton, veal, or beef, but by c-omblia
lng, as ls dono in many neighbor
hoods, they can kill and dlivide thbe
rsaroaan at one. thereby furnishing
fresh meat at frecuent-intervals, and
at the actual cost of rlicing the ani
mals.
The fowls of tho barnyard, espeoially
the chicken, though much smaller
,tock, play a very important part on
the table of every household, whethet
it be that of the Nisrmor, the m3robant,
or the banker; all delight in the do
lickoue, rich, juicy mentof the chicken.
Like many of the vegetables, the
chicken Is of quick grow b, and to give
satisfaction, must be used while in a
thrifty, growing condition.
CombinIng the above montioned suc
culent, toothsome edibles, together
with milk, butter and oggs found on
'IVry fatrlr ,.nd we find the farmer's
ardo- iiled to overfl-wing, and not a
whit behiird 'that olbthe millionilre,
who with Jis caai, cin only buy such
as the grower puts upon the mxaroet.
There s 'li another point that
must be looked after, and th0., , t -t
proparation of these provisiot4 'y- liih
taAlo.
We ic.:i to have old fasilotned things,
ike he-niiny and grecni,
We ised to " ave jut.? cuorinoti soup. .naide
out( of pork and beanls;
lBut now it's bonlillon, consommtie, and
thiigs made froin a book,
A l(] post au feu and jttlienne, since lily
datughter's learned to cook.
Ve ised to have a piece of beef---just ordi
nary initeat,
And pirkled pig's feet, spareribs, too, and
other thingis to cat
While now it's fillet aid ragout, and leg of
inuttoii braised,
Anil imaiaroni itau gratin, aind sheep)'s head
Iiollalidised.
I:sealpl)os 'a Ia Versailles---a la this and a
Ia that,
And sweethread a I Dielpoise---it's
enoigh to kill a cat !
But while I suiffer deepilv, I invariably
look
As if I were delighted 'cause my daughter's
learned to cvooIk.
WYe have a lot (if salad things. witih dress
ing ii ayionnaise.
II liace ot . vysier, blue )oiits, fricassed a
dozen ways.
A nd oraige roy oley. float, and peach
meotgule, alas
Einouligh to wrec a stomach that is iade
of plated biass!
The good ol t hi gs lave Iassed away, in
silent, s;i o IretraI ;
We've Iots of IiglfaInutin' things, but
ithing iriuch to eat.
A.id w\-tiile i never say a word alnd always
poleasat, I1 sik,
You het. IVe halt (iNvSlIepSia sice illy
daughters lea red et a n m
---(Good liouisekeepinig.
1il8rORY OP P0-,TAL STAMPS.
Tihe Progress of the Cheap Postage
Systt in il Six t Years.
In IN-;37. Mr. Iwtild 1111 i st pro
jozed ca liraji :ort age. AltLer two years'
liartd stiiggle wi th thbe gvernmeni
anild with iparl ialnnt, heo succeeded ill
grtt'ng tnihe penniiy postia syst-rm ear
riCu into the sttI,te book in 1839 1 n
I) einb er, in that year, a u nifo rm
enarire of eight cents for every ha f
On con1vsved in tL. tna is was in-ti
tIut -d. (1o .J aniatiy 10, 18-10, a unifor',
rate of two cen s ptr ialf-iunee peI rina
n'ntly cntne into opieration. In IS 17,
ti is postal reform was itlopted by ttitn
Unit d S~ittes, and evei-y civilized
country h1- 1,'weI su t. Ther are
no v h zusandz of po141l stamps in va
ioIis parls of the worid.
Me- 11 ill its rewarded by ai fe pen
siol of $10 000 a year, ia parliaienltary
grant of $100 000, and about the same
[111moun11t by L Leneial subscriptilo
- throughout the British Islunds.
3 Itis purI'poso from the first wias to re
form the general poti lii .1e system an
v' m tanageinent, andl also to institute ii
u .ni form and Iliw rate of poistat'e, with
I lirepaflymient' an ud mioderat-Ce h arge bty
a weight. TheIi prepa)Iymfent was to bec
. i it~ber by stampt led en velop)os, or by adI
to hestvie st atipt.
u Th is was by no mneans an original
I ereat~ion, thu,. reahi.ing tbo truth of
r the <ii i alatw that. "There is nothiing
lnew undir thbe s'un." Aft ar M-- ildl
(3 htt suipue-ti'u thle y reat posicliee re
f frwm , to be etfetslei by a low andi~ tini
, form chargnie fior the transmiissioni of
a l'tters andit in-wshitpers toaugh t ii
y mitlsu, but tbfor',uthe lpojvct had p~a-sed
c tuto aL law, it was~ C~imeitd, in at pamn
a phlet, w rittn' by one of the otlers of
Il the piostal d'patmeint in l 'aris, that
t, thte propiose Ilpay mietnt, biy meantfs of
'r Penn fly estaml lii'd toI p)osttl&atter',
uwias a meore me pr-iue tion , ini(5f eset. a
-pojints. of aL Iian which hadtu been adopt
aed anid aLcted upon,1 in l''ratnce, in the
c reign of l oui, I v.
r At that timiie and pliace, M. lDe Vec
elayer, who had friends in the roval
e h louiselhod , was permtitted tso esta~bl sh
e aL penny~ pet., thr'otugh w [ ieb envelopes,
b | ttainiable for one rent eacth, were de
li , liee, according t) thei r add resses,
S|ini towni or counittry, if "postpid :
r I pin ted sIlips were tied or fatstened
Ib aroundt t.hem.
i. Thtese I l ps were ott sale at- the k I ng's.
apalIace, ai the tuirnt-tatbles 0of the pri n
nclii atonve'ra s, and by the poirters of
a chee prciewas to dron allI lett rs
thus frankedt intoi locked boxes. 1)1aced
at, the corners of the pirincip~ai streets
ini Paris.
Thie postalsBtreeLtpillars, which wore
not, adh-ptedt untilI 1&5, woulId appear
t L I have tieen, wh tethecr designed 1'liPo
nottt, a reproducttiont of whati was in uise
in I'aris twio centuries ear'lir.
n i1l. I E V tlyer atlso initroduticed a
e speies of letter ptapter, fotr the use of
personts in bustiness, pairtly prinitedi w ith
ia blanks for- the inusertiona of ligur-es, to
La show the day's prices, with a blanik
- space betlow for ord Inary corirespond
enee.
s In tito general postoilico, in I 'aris,
sonte of thetse bi'''Ets, so) Iill til by h'e
l i Sson - l''onttan . ' ., '' ; ' w;* -.. -, ,
St re'ssced to \l:Iv,,ioaee manert), Li.
romitanc is t, hal -ibeen carefoily prt'ei--r
. cit, antd is somitimLiiis~ sitown.,13'~P by ei alI
favoir, to car. cuts I illiuirers. Tihis i..
.presu med ly t he oldest of all cxiti n
pennyt3-pjost letters andti pre patid enve'l
S\V itih IDo e Vlayer's death his posta!
a srvien eoded. Neat ly IL cetury later
ttin, re-cs tahiiishedi it, seI ing twV(oinenlt
stamps, much resenlling those oti he
presentI, daiy, for the firce delivery, ini
- L'airis, of letters untder two ounces in
weight.
Tt, was in the r'eigit of 1'yuis N V,
w hose miin i* ter of Ii nantce, regartun
such an estnli shm ent nts a Soure of
pubilic irevenuie, bought, it, tup b~y grant
inig aL c~ons idera~ble penilon to its pr'o
lit the han~ldsl of the governmint,
htowever, letter-stamps 15soon felt into
disuse.
'1The ntext country to issute postal
stu ittps was Syn'nr. l''ro'nt 1716t to I slt
they were uised L.s - voly, howevei-,
upon1 ('li hit I letters. In the king domi
of Sartia~i , staimpI~d postal patper amno
envelopes were in uIso from 1818 ta
I~3ti.
I or a fewv months, what were known
as "thte M titreadly cunvelopes" b3cautse
thesiri somhewhat pictorial design haid
been dr-awn by Mr. W. Mu! lready, an
e11ment artist, had to be generally3
used by the Biritish publie; but as
tthey' were expensively gotten tip, on
llieo paper, for which a sligt extra
charge hard tn be mae, ther.e wa..
good deal of grumbling-the complaint
boing that, from this fractional addi
tion to the price, this was not "th
penny postage" that had boon promised
to the public. So the pictorial envel
opo was soon supersedcd by the smal:
adhesive stamps, still in uso.
It was said, when this envelope wa
issued, that Qecon Victoria had horsel
made the drawlng, which Mr. Mul
ready, a royal acadomician of grew
ability and high reputation, had work
ed up. This may or may not have beer
offored by tho .oritish government for
the best design .was awarded to Mr
Mulready. Its object was to represen1
Britannia distributing letters to 11Y
parts of the world by means of the pen
ny post.
In the summer of 1840 a two penn3
stanp. for letters undor one ounce it
weight, wab first isisued. Since then
nuneruns varieties of the adhesive
stamps hav been introduced, as wel
as sttiped olank covors for the trans
mission of newspapers and periodical
through the mail.
In 1870, postal cards were first adopt
(ld into uso by Englt.nd. At presitit.,
under theextensive Union Postale Uni,
verselle, now generally adopted by the
nations, postal cards, at two con td each,
are current among all civilized nat
tions
It must be well remembered that as
rec-ntly as tho year 1810, when pot I il
reform was first adopted, and oven
later, the postage on a tingle lettel
across the Allintic was atin 'nglkil
shilling, alinost (piual to 25 cents. 01
late years this has been reduced to Iivc
cents, and, last of all, there is the 2
cent postalI card, under Un ion Postale
Universel Ie. This may be regard d at
aluost next door t no postal charge at
all.
It nay be here ob-erved that envol.
opes, now so general, wero little used
in correspondence by letter until they
wtro adopted urder 1iowlarod Hill',
postal relorm. Up to that period the3
were nainly used in the governnt
ollices, wholse Cli orreSponldence passeL
fro(, by franks, through the post
[llice.
As the old rule was tha. a letter, in
closed in an envelope, was sbtje!ct t(
d.>uble p1)ae t'mo public ab largzo
111ay b said I nit to have recognized tht
en v.lope. Melm btrs of both hot,"Is o
parl'amnt, who had the frank int
pirivile-ge almiost exelusively, employ
1.d th'. NoIv, and for tm any year:
p t., the ianufactore of envelopes ha
b cu an imiortiant branch of prodtie
Live indtit-y among 1lIe naitions. '['I(
Much itcireased Consumptioin of carth
is another branch of trade that ha
bOeen tmIcI augteFItel by till IOSta
consio (I otion.
When the adhbesive stamps wer<
abtout being iztuiled, to Suplrsetdo tilt
31ulreatly ernve4lpes, the po-toflice aut1
Ilrit.iis were 1iprpt-xkld at first, by a
dillinilty connec'ted with ihe gummin,
of iin. It was found that guinm ara
bie, thl- hos.t merhum,111 In tlli,- case foi
adh' --i%'0en[ess InId cileanlit(es, wias vei
t.lL, a th ol the fines, qu:lity coul
b)e ned~i. iti this instiance, Lie gov'~ern
ml'nt Ili red a bandsoie r wurti to th,
tiirt"Onl %V lit coould go I t hem out of tin
A youngr ctrk in th l aldOln stmiLI
llici. tremmbeild ad itte no .v hi
itothor, in Irtelnd, hid bel)nctaccustomo
di to tt mplo~y for domeistic usi. .-. tt
'inglish ctarebi ne' : from.r wheat, h)u
which yields tile purest and larges
-upply, Carolina rice ranking next L
it ill thiis particu at'.
From this Iish starch, thus intrC
Iduced into pIisttl etIIploy menit, a gu1
15stiado, by3 tmaniputtationt with waite
antd heat, wh ichi, beinog good as well a
cheapp, wais pvnmounced to be the bus
vehi'le for' giving thie requiredl adbt
alhe ijuali.ty to the postal sltmp.
I htaveo reatCisoni to believe that an
substitute for thbis has been adoptedi
It mtay 1)0 a ked -were [How lan
lihi 's sin giinoe ex poetattions fronm pi
tld refottm fiti' led y" The antswer' ust.
he bi ef :In 1 839, be fore thle ponn11
potstige wVa. instIitted , tile not annua o
sont reali zid for the Bri tish re vonu
wa $12.000l,00i0. Tis prtoportion 0
'le itationtal income had11 teinebed $31,~
itt0,i000 in the year 1 879. TIho atot
of! this gr eat chlange dlied at the ad
vanced age of 81.
IIOWY. TO LIVI]Ci l'EAP.
Graini, NuatH, I~rai ts nat Veget able
is the l~iet-Tlhe, Cosi. is Two Ueat
'a lhay.
i What do) you think of living on les
itan half dollar a week andl livin
!well ? '.u'h universal answete will b)
that this is an itmpossibility'. A
evangelist, known as Miles Grant r'e
cntly btoutgh t ridicule upon h imse1l
by stating thait 1he cold live oni eitrhty
bteven and a half cents a week, If Mt
Gtrant t.has done tnoth ing else hte ha
broughlt to light a more fruogal tma
than hlimsIelf, and that is somethina
Mr. A. Ii. i''rank is the froual mna
who yicldecd to thle tempItation to die
closa his identity and ihis manrt o'
life when he reado of Mr. Grant's state
men t.
3Iir. 1"tranik is a Iinte look ingi o'd gena
tlemtan, wiVth thot ug htIful eyes, a 'oft:
fore headl, 11 I wing grtay hair* and lutII
iant p~L aticha bared. Ile Ihas a1 indI
I y face and a subhstantLi al IIiture. lie i
near'ly seventty-fouir years old, and Is
mianuifacturer of woodit-worklig tma
chme11ry' in iltalo, N. Y.
"'Itn regard to my diet, ' 1he wrte~s
"I wvill say that miy food consists jt
thte main of grtairi:, fru IL di nit..
o it a few vegetaibles, such as ltita'on
b ets caibbages, trnlips, etc. Tihe ntos
oif vege.~tales Is about i three tiles m;
-... as the grains. I consider t hi
grain s pre'uferahi e.
"'I eat, fruiit lartgely. Nuits I &lrim
andi use .ho0 tmeal as ai soubst itot fo;
butte t'. Nu ItIs are tmuich chteaper tthar
butter and( moreI' health fui. it r~e
(jl'tis a pteeul iar tly constructed mill1t<
erm d nt~l s, ow in g I > Lbh atttount of ot
t oy eontai r . I constructed one foi
tmy iown ii-.i. I have reguilar Ltites fot
eating, and do nlot eat a not (it iat
appile otr tither kined of fruits betweer
til;-tI.i
"Corn b~y Lthe bushel is worti
twenty-s ix cents, or half a cent I
p'O.md1. Wheat Is woirth a third of a
cetnt ia pound, and rye two-thlirdls of ii
cent.
"A (uarlt'r of a nound of any oneO o1
these grains is suflhlient nutriment fot
1110 avetrago inedividual for one meal.
A lita i frit, is usually eaten w'ith
it. I generally eat, aipples at this time
of yeatr.
" A tmeal of apples and corn prce
pitted in dlifferent ways cost I breo
eighths oif a cot,. A tmeal of untleavenl
0(1 gr'ahamtt bread anid groundl pieanults
eosts 0one cent. When I eat two ounces
of cortni atnd the satme amount of gra
ham tillour tile cost, of theO melal is three
qiarter's of a cent.
"I first grInd the cotrn aind then
make johnny cake, ntin lg but water
and meal, or' eltiimake a porridge.
Phlo sweet cornt I par~tch in a COrnf
popper01 and1( thlen gtand atnd cat, dry
wviith alpples ort othlee' fruit.
"The vegetar'iatn (iot is very con
venient for one who is tmra.ign
wishes oto be saving of ex pense. I
have made ten trips to San Francieco
and as many as twolve to Florida,
where I have sevoral small groves of
oranues and other fruito. On Iiy last
trip I was threo days On tho road and
had eight ineals on tho way. They
cott inc In all six cents. My food was
one pound of rolled oats and a pound
and a half of grahan Ilour, made into
unleavened gems.
" in traveling, twelvo Or fifteen
yeal's aLo, food to last me1 from Buffalc
to San Prancisco usually cost mc a dol
lar. Now, with my present way of
living ton or twenty cents would bi
suflicient for iny rations if I prepared
then before I left home."
Is Juoum Sumom'oN CONVICRT'.
--Tho Uhurleston corro.spondent ill ti
CoInlunbiL Registr' says that JUdgu
Simonton is evidently a tho)ough con
vert to the clai;s of the j)ipensary.
systen Ps it moral institu'ion---or al
least to the muoral features of tho systen
t'ikon by themselves. In his chaigeL to
the jury yesterday in tihe Beckroge
Caso his Hlonor said :
The groat feature or the I)ispen.
sary law, the destruction of tlt
saloons and the plitieal inDiuences o
saloon,, preven ting (rinIciig I lioi' ill
places wheve l iquor is sold, reqiini
the liquor estaol ishinerts to 1_e kep1
open during certain hours, the destriec
tion of the habit of tr'eating and hit
pri(.t'ct'on cast around inom's ait
habitital d runkards, ther;(, .'fetu i
will not be injtired or protecte d by ani
verdict you May I'ender. No) politica
question enteris this case at all.
"3it in addition t> tise gv -w
features of the )ispensary law, and
want to say here tant if tihey were Lt..
questions involved, If your ver-diel
would settle or unsettle tiose pine,
ples of the Dispensary law, ther'e is n'
court in the State who would be mor
prmoilpt to declare that the o..ovision,
to whicl I have referred yoiu are', no
only lawfil, but the wisest' xercise o
tLhe, police powerlms of this Sat."
Suehl a t -ihit. to Bun Ti, n's l - i -
teimi for regut uti liqo ' teaii.
:r,1n Judm ge Simionton, is wor'thy O
note.
COUNrity'Miegtr
Shouil-I know tn.tt tlero is nothii:
that sells so wIt w t an articlet that yoi
can guarantee to trive satisfact.ion to
youtr elstoi-'s. Such anm article i.
-t RICE 'S GOOSi1- G1,AI LN i
.MllFN'. It cures all aetnes :an1d palin,
in man or' bea-t-S ratches. li nghone
I Swinney. and all aimenits '..- dingi
'irst-Class Lninent. NO CURIE, N(
PA Y, is tie imotto of tihe Goose GCea:
peoil. Don't forr t Vo Iro whiolesal.
a'"nts for GOOsit GiR:.xsi.: LANi.rN'
Try PI al metto 1 V'ir ILi titor.
BRCC& DosTICRz.
GreeMvill. S (.
% P~uhk E
L I M ITED
DOUBLE DALY
To AVtlan'.a, h a 'lot tv, . AtI
en) , Wilmington, NI.v '.lan. a
Nw York, Boston, Rliond. Was'
ingtoit, Norfolk, Port.smouth.--Sched
ule hma iel '?eb. 7, 1M897.
v New 00,i............*
PH cm unk..1i.............i I'~ I k~u
LI hr in > e . ...... .....
m iii. 10 1 I
- N r.,il vi S A. I, IllY -I 'm.ut i
ldon ................= I *i 2i i >>
I endersoni.............. l a;u *I:;y
\ 'r h0 u n \~ in S .\ I.. . : Im ii'i0pn
f v ''rlain ... +5 : ' m 1 .ii i ii nm
ahi-ah via si I i,.... . , t60 'ii
- soI i'ii! ............ ii ;a I) a;
d n..............,-i,,a 5. pin
lanrile...................) inm 'i;p
............ r.. ............... ia iii 2 lO In
.\lo 'rne ....... ....... G i -: m i lo
..'h... er..v.a....A..,.......1 oiian 0 Is lint
A~ ~....}im 'i :;i i
Mi -ii miI lNa.
i 1:1 ie Pi. . . . .1 ;1 D in I I lan
'CCI wti..........2 '9:pm Ii ia
.i'............ ...s.-- . ...i ....n ....
;\ I i~t'' N I via or NnI.5 I~i
N .I-No
I~ ieS........in2p ;g.
-G oodoo. .. .,.. .:u 1
A lexander.......3 :am6lih
GREENmi ' \&I .....' VI]p
Monroe S A I........... 0 05an 9 40pm
hiamlet ................. 8 15am 11 23pim
At' Wiliiigton..... ...1230pti 5 30am
so 'ines ................. ) 20ti l a 1511n
IIaleigli....,.....*1 :15ttm*, 135am
Ar liuritan via8 A ] .- 101pmi: 7 :;2.ii
y'l erlain .... ....... i i in 3: m
W eclftoli .6 A -,..... ...... .*3 n -1;;> d
1lic-11 ).O1d .... .......... 6 50pmn 8 lam
n aslun::. lgi , l eni i itI~ I I l 3pn 1. 3pin
lJUIlininoreo...............12.18ain *t 1.ip
' >Illan .- -........ I Fa m :i)50pin
New Co ............... 5m i 2:Iom
Nori - -. . 6 0.pm) , .50aM
i . t ilY Ex. Su(it(1y. 1 )ily Ix,
Mo i)(av.
Nos8. V mnd .(1-1 "T Atmiiis ec)1,1
80oiid Vestibulo TIc 'Ina , witla Alinhta t80eelal.'z
11rad ihty Coales b1etween lett and
Atalnta. Also PIE nhin 1u ihgmio t.nd
Poris(n110t (nd ,hb... eVCls betwmulen
NoT. 13. Aid ;L. 'I'h 84
iii (I III' 11 "'cio I , "d )r~~ Day Saou l I
hetizee'iorte 1nout h and AIthatti ly wChoes.
For cl'ckot.. SJl0poops and 1t 3i' 1Rn
t.iori apply to ticket OPets, or to
11. A. N.:wLANI), Gue'al eAgut
I Dst. DX,., 6 Kimball House, A tlanta,
G..
Gi-:o. Mul"c. BA3 TE, Trav Pass. Ag.,
Charlott', N. C.
i. STi'. .N, Vie&Precid3enL nd
G *i'l 1 -
V. E. McIrimc Generatl ".' -
dent.
1- - W . 11. G ovi.:,, Tit -alic -lan er.
- J. AJNIh'ON, Giil'[1S- .
(G "li'Pr i oilkbs: Ior'tm11 hl, \h .
SOUTI-IRN RAILWAY.
PIEI)MONr AliR LINE.
Cendensed Soliedule of I'1aoingor Traus.
In Efroot Jia. 13. 1m97.
Northbouind. -14 No. :1 Ex.
Lv. Alnlitn, C. 12 00 In I 50 3) T.4 -)
" A :lantntE. T. I u U 1 a n h 3 -a p
" Noreroms.....a 911 ("
" hford.. .... .0 3 1 "1
" IIninosvile .. 7
Idta..........2 48 2 41 it 11 ) 8 U1
Ar. Cornelia......!l 1,1
.i. Airy ..... .....3.8....
"..Tc.a.........8 p 843 a tIM
Westiister.........2 W
" .. 4 27 it1241 .
" Centr1a) 4 .. . .
" (reenville... r ho 6 4 ') a 231
" Spartnuburg. 0 18 6 42 a .47 I K
" ,'I 1%,tine .4..... .... 2 a 4z
" Ineks'durg.. 708 p 740 A 4 47
" in 'a Nit.... . . . . 1- % 8 :
" Onaforda.............
L . Ch lotto .... 8 I
Ar.Davllo ..D.. 1 1 p3
Ar. Iichmond ... 00
Ar.Wahtington.. 6 420
" Boln'a PiH.t) 8 It 11. 1 8 ()
" Phundolphia. 10 5.i 3 o t - 5 1
New . ._ 3r 2 2.1
Nouthhv. i' l N . :7i V.1' 3..
DIaily. Ih Sun,
elli 00 p,. i n 85 a 535
S... . . 1 1. I : : I ' p
....... ... 1 00. : 7 3d
5 29) 21 '1 1 115 2 70.p
4 12p48!1)y 24 a ,11 : 8 p
Lv.A #t* ICw* M.......... .. .... I t! I
it . ... ........ 4. 11 3
8 85 p 2 48 a 1 1 .7.......
.. .. ... ........ ......
4 : n8 p 4, 2711 158,....
.. 1 6 42 a, 81 . b ' .30
c A . ... .... 82(15 a f 1:1 3 h
. .. .... 8 Jui : 1i : .a . I'
A hg). 1 41 ) 200~ ( na 31 8 pol Il:: -n V. 'i1on'
i~nI z a. 1 . 6 42': a 9r l1 .'d ....a . . . .a
II) .%~l X fl~ii~~t81 mi~ 'lld 31. p ... . ) 1 s a.
P111..Iew 11 Y or . . hl v~. .& .
"n. Ina & N .z.k jnt.. ;:
Ar 1)4 n' , e mu~.i1lu a 13 a:
L. A'n:t antIa~a . itW .lu.~m~1 .ltI)
N lz a1.- P h iln ' t (0yn .. ..X4h t e
" 11llz. Aiy...
Ar._A_ hintn.1_ T.ni a (
Q) J XC ..IAN .. jt
J.w... 1W5Jp
1,LE, S.4 "