The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, June 11, 1914, Image 8
A PEN P
OF CLE
COLL
Works for We
W?
Picture a country estate of 1,500
acres, with stately buildings placed at 1
elevated points to form a great irregu- ?
lar circle of half a mile in diameter. 1
Inclose in this circle a beautiful grove of
native oaks, threaded by smooth 1
driveways and paths and cement side- 5
walks. Turn to the north and for a
background outline against the sky at 1
a distance of 20 miles, range after '
range of mountains, the home of the '
Highlands, of Caesar's Head, White- 1
sides and other lofty peaks of the Blue 1
Kidge. Think of these mountains as (
in summer clothed with verdure, *
standing out black against the hori- 1
zon, and in winter often white with J
snow. Take for the southern boun- '
dary a river of Indian lineage and
follow in its sweeping crookedness the
swift and turbulent Seneca as it twists
this way and that to mark the confines
of the estate. And to this setting add
broad expanses of river bottom lands
green with corn, steep hillsides sinuous
with level grassy terraces and cool
Dustures wit >i uMiifiincr Kfrt/vUc ? 1
,, .v.. niuuiiig Ul VUIV3 UIIU
graceful shade trees and you have a
picture of Clemson College, not colored
to suit the canvas of an artist,
but as seen every year by nearly a
thousand young South Carolinians ^
who seek amid these surroundings an
education that will prepare them for J
, self-respecting, self-supporting citizenship.
A Storied Spot. *
J
Clemson College is a unique blend- ^
ing of the old and the new, of the historic
with the now. Just across the (
road from the cadet dormitories, *
which every session house over 800
young men, and in sight of the new
electric power station that day or
night beats as the industrial heart of
the community, is the white columned
mansion of the illustrious John C. Calhoun.
One can almost picture the
great statesman, as with hands behind
him he paces the avenues of ;
cedar and oak, putting into form those !
matchless Ideals of patriotism whose ''
fulfilment he never lived to see. {
About 50 yards to the rear of the '
mansion is a queer little one-story
room structure with columned porch
to match the mansion. This was the j
"study" of the great statesman, and ,
here were written many of his great '
orations. Under this little study, ^
which is about 20 feet square, is dug |
a deep pit in which ice cut in winter ^
was stored for summer use. How the
seasons must have changed, for only
during one or two winters of the 20
which the writer has spent in the "up
country" lias ice formed in suflicient
thickness to justify such ample storage.
<
In the old mansion are many his- l
toric relics, Including a chair used by ]
Gen. George Washington, and a seven- <
foot mohair-covered lounge on the
back of which is carved the American
(
eagle. It is said that the engraving
on our coins was copied from this
curving. 1
1
The old mansion with its historic
memories, the peer of the Hermitage,
Mount Vernon and Monticello, is a
GROWING COWPEA
WONDERFUL L
By J. N. Harper, Director, S. C. Experiment
Station.
The cowpea is the best leguminous
crop for the South. It produces hay
fully equal to red clover. It resists
drouth and a stand is easily secured.
It is well adapted to nearly every type
of soil in tho South, and has few diseases
and insect pests, and is a wonderful
soil improver, as it not only
adds large amounts of nitrogen to
the soil, but also puts the soil in the
best physical condition. This crop
has been grown for a great number of
years in the South, but its full importance
to Southern agriculture has
not yet been fully realized.
BAA/1 AAA AHI U- *
j. iic ocuu tall CIIIICI UU HOW II UI'UUU*
cast or in rows. Jf wanted for seed,
they should bo planted in rows three
feet apart and cultivated. When
sown broadcast no cultivation is required.
However, more seed must be
used. The cowpea should not be
planted in the spring until the ground
is thoroughly warm and all danger
of frost is passed. While the cowpea
plant is well adapteu to all kinds of
soils, it is best suited to a warm,
sandy soil. Tho hay from cowpeas is
fully equal to that of red clover and
the best varieties for hay purposes
are the Unknown, Wonderful, Iron
Clay, Whippoorwill, Red Ripper, Rod
Crowder, Calico and the Now Era.
Hand containing the fungus which
causes wilt should be sown to the
Iron variety, which resists the root
knot and wilt disease. The best va
Si
ICTURE
5MSON
>EGE
Ifare in Many
LVS
~ J ~
priceless State and national asset, and
should be a perennial source of inipiration
to succeeding generations of
/oung South Carolinians who are
privileged to live for four years in the
shadow of its historic walls.
Many are wont to ask why the colege
does not boar the name of Caltioun
instead of the name of his sonn-law,
Thos. G. Cleinson. The answer
s that nowhere does it appear in the
records that Mr. Calhoun ever wished
ar planned tlie erection of an iiulusrial
and technical college on the old
lomestead. The complete story, of
Mr. Clemson's part in the founding of
ho college is too long to bo told here.
A Vast Plant.
The college tract contains over 1,500
teres. On the property, there are 2 3
principal public buildings, 70 dwellngs
and 64 minor buildings. The collego
lias in its employ 4 01 teachers,
afiicers and laborers, its inventoried
property is $1,327,728.57. The olllaers
of the college send out yearly
aver 35,000 letters and over 4 35,000
ather pieces of mail matter, most of
which give agricultural information.
In addition to the parent station,
lie college maintains two branch experiment
stations?one near Sunimer/ille
and the other at Florence. One
more to be situated in the sand hill
section of the State, just as soon as
[unas will permit, will complete a
system representing the principal soil
types of the State.
The enrollment has grown from 4 16
students in 1893 to 834. Originally
.here were but two courses of study?
low there are 12. In addition to
:hese regular degree courses, there is
i four weeks' course for farmers and
x one-session practical agricultural
course extending from October 1 to
June 1 for men over 18.
The college maintains 168 four^ear
scholarships and 51 one-yeai
scholarships, the cost of which,
amounting to nearly $22,0d0, is paid
put of the receipts from the fertilizer
Lag tax.
Public Service.
But the trustees of Clemson College
have not only organized an efficient i
system of fertilizer inspection and an- j
ilysis, by which the farmer gets value j
received from tho tax he pays, and
ouilt and maintained a great agricultural
and mechanical college, but they
have gone a step farther than Is required
by their compact with tho people
and have sought to return to those
who pay the tax in the shape of di
rect service, all that could bo spared
jver and above the cost of operation
md building. The public service has
grown as the fertilizer tax has grown,
now reaching an annual total of over
MOO,000.
Clemson College, with Its plant well
developed, its patronage assured and
overflowing, its lines of public service
popular and elllcient, has behind it a
creditable record of achievement, and
beforo it a future bright with the
promise of usefulness to South Carolina.
S THE SOUTH S
-EGUMINOUS CROP
rletles for seed are Whippoorwlll,
New Era, Red Hipper, Black Eye,
Red Crowder, Early Bullock, Black
Bunch, Calvin and Clay, Calico,
Conch, Sport, Taylor, Warren's New
Hybrid. This station lias obtained
10.6 bushels of seed per aero with the
Whippoorwlll. Probably the best all
round variety is Whippoorwlll. It is
erect In its growth, is medium early
ill mntiirlnn' liu "?'1
...v.vv<> () ?vo o* v,vi it mi it |in)ii[ii:
bearer.
The early varieties are New Era,
Warren's Extra Early, Red Crowder,
Whippoorwill, Extra Early Brown
Eye and Early Bullock.
Bate varieties are Taylor, Calico,
Clay, Unknown, Wonderful and lted
Hipper.
The best varieties for soil improvement
are Unknown, Iron Clay, Red
Hipper, Whippoorwill, Red Crowder
and New Era.
The following varieties are trailing
to recumbent in their growth: Calico,
Conch, New Era, lted Hipper and
Red Crowder. Cowpeas should always
be well fertilized with acid phosphate
and some potash. On the sandy
soils of the coastal plain, a large
amount of potash should be used. At
our Coast Experiment Station little
growth was made until the soil was
sweetened with marl.
As the cowpea Is a legume and collects
large amounts of nitrogen from
the atmosphere by means of the bacteria
growing In the nodules on its
Lipplement to THE HORRY HERA
roots, It requires little ammonia In the
fertilizer.
When intended for hay, cowpeas
should be planted broudcast with
some other forage crop. German
millet and sorghum are probably the
best crops for this purpose. This station
hus obtainod as much as seven
tons of well cured hay from sorghum
and peas, two and one-half tons from
peas and crab grass, and three and
one-quarter tons from peas and millet.
The most valuable part of the pea
plunt is the leaves, and the hay
should bo cured in such a manner
thut the largest amount of leaves possible
should bo retained with the hay.
For thut reason the pea should not
remain long in tho swath, but as soon
as the leaves are dry suillclently, the
hay should bo raked in windrows for
a day or so, then it should bo dried
out ill cocks. A splendid way to cure
cowpea hay is to take it from the
windrow and stack it on a polo about
six feet long, driven in tho ground
with crosaarnis nailed horizontally, |
mo lowest being about eight inches
from the ground.
The practical place of the cow pea
in rotution is after small grain. As
soon us oats or wheat arc cut, the
land should be disked and planted in
peas, sown broadcast, from four to
six pecks per acre. This crop of peas
will shade the ground and improve
the physical condition of the soil, will
add nitrogen to the soil and prepare
the land lor tile succeeding grain
crop.
As cow pea hay is a most valuable
food, it should always be cut for hay.
However, if the object is to improve
the land the pea vines can be turned
under. If the succeeding crop, however,
is to be a small grain, it is better
to cut the vines olf as the pea
vines will form a kind of mulch which
will make the soil very loose and prevent
the proper rise of capillary
moisture to the small grain. Small
grain prefers a compact soil rather
than a loose, porous soil.
It always pays to plant cowpeas in
corn at the last plowing, if an earl>
maturing variety is planted at this
time, such as the Whippoorwill, New
Era, or Taylor, the seed obtained will
tar offset the expense and trouble ol
planting, and the peas growing in the
corn, instead of hindering the growth
of corn, will increase the yield
slightly, and will put the land in better
condition for the succeeding grain
crop. Small one-horse drills now being
manufactured for the purpose of
drilling cowpeas in corn do the work
better than it can be done by hand,
it always pays to plant a patch ot
peas mixed with soy beans as a hog
gruzing crop. i\o machine has yel
been manuiacturcd that will satisfactorily
pick peas. The thrashing,
however, can be accomplished by a
pea huller, which ia lar less expensive
than thrashing out with Hall.
In the sandy soils oX 'the Coastal
i'lain, the wilt disease ajid root knot J
disease ia widely disseminated^ iNo
method lias yet been found for combating
these diseases, excepting the
rotation of crops and the planting of
wilt resistant cotton and the Iron
cowpea, which resists the wilt and
the root knot. Stored cowpeas should
always be treated with carbon bisulphide
to keep away weevils.
FIGHTING THE HOUSE 1JLY.
Use of Fly Trap, Screens anil Spray
Against Dangerous I'est.
By A. 1?\ Conradl, State Entomologist
and ilead of Entomological Division,
Clemson College.
The house lly breeds mainly in moist
horse and sow manure and nrivv
closets. Unlike the stable lly It cannot
bito. Before thunderstorms and
on sultry days the stable lly molests
man with its bites and this leads to
the erroneous conclusion that the
house lly bites.
The eggs of the house lly are laid on
the manure and hatch the same day.
In live days the muggot transforms to
the pupa or resting stage and in ten
days from the time the egg is laid the
full grown Insect appears. Its first
impulse is to find something to eat,
and with the fresh lllth of its putrefactive
breeding place covering every
part of Its body, It goes to the kitchen
where It samples the meat, bathes In
the milk, trails over the butter, licks
up the Jelly, crawls over the baby's
face and hands and then goes back to
the manure pile to lay eggs and return
to the house for more food.
Besides a general carrier of disease
and filth, the house lly Is known to
carry several of our most dangerous
diseases.
The campaign .against the lly should
begin at the breeding ground.
Use the lly trap judiciously about
the burns, privy closets, kitchen door,
hog pens and other breeding places.
Circular 23 of Clcmson College gives
directions for making traps and one
tran in in iiirt hoii/ia ' ?i- ? " -
? ... ...v ikviivio ui fjicii ot mi1
county demonstration agents where
it can bo examined.
Avoid tilth or any other fly-attracting
material about the premises, such
as garbage or slops. Garbage and
kitchen refuse should be kept in
tightly covered vessels. Never throw
it on the ground. It is sure to attract
flies.
Screen privy closets. Havo every
closet provided with a keg or barrel
of air slaked lime and uso froely to
dry up the closet material.
Screen the house.
Manure is valuable. If removed
from stalls at a time when it cannot
be immediately spread on the flehl it
should be stored in a definite place,
preferably in a compost shed or pit.
To havo manure scattered or placed at
LD, Conway, S. C., June 11, 1914.
numerouji places about the barn Is i
wasteful and It makes it very difficult 1
to maintain sanitary conditions. i
The spray for treating manure to ]
kill maggots is described in Circular '
No. 23, of tho Experiment Station. '
? ? *
THE COTTON RED SPIDER. *
1
1
i
Methods Recommended for Control
of Tliis Insect Post.
1
By A. P. Conradi, State Entomologist
and Head of Entomologist Division, J
Clemson College.
During this dry weather one will
notice reddish ureus on leaves of cer- |
tain plants. It is especially noticea- j
ble on violets. The leavs soon turn j
brown and become dry and brittle, j
I A!nnv ii 11 "
rvvj/.u van 11 1U81, OIK 1? one
stops to examine into tho matter
closely ho will lind little reddish colored
mites on the under surfaces of
tho leaves. Tho characteristic web
can also bo easily noticed. This is
the red spider. It is a dry weather
insect, and if not stopped, it often
does serious damage.
The cotton red spider is one of our
most important cotton pests during
June, July and August. This, so far,
appears to be a favorable year, and
farmers should watch their cotton for
the lirst appearance of this pest. The
damage occurs in spots in tho lield.
l'oke weed and violet plants should
not be allowed in and about plantations,
while underbrush should be
kept down as far as practicable.
As soon as the lirst infested plants
are discovered they should bo carefully
removed and burned, lilood red
spots will show on the upper surface
of leaves attacked. If this is not
done then the insects will spread from
plant to plant and in a short time
cause the ruination of a large area of
cotton. This migration has to take
j place on foot, as the insects have 110
wings. This makes it at onoe apparj
ent ihat to a great extent at least it is
I everybody's own problem, regardless
I of his neighbors.
Whenever the infestation spreads
and the infested spots become larger,
one of several sprays may be given.
The most satisfactory of these is potassium
sullide, recommended by Mr.
111. A. McGregor, of tho Bureau of
Entomology. This material costs
about 20 cents per pound, and the
spray consists of three pounds of potassium
sullide in lou gallons of
water. In spraying, the under sides
of the leaves should be thoroughly
'in.;.. : "
j ma is accomplished by
means of an elbow of 4u degrees. A
short one-quarter inch pipe makes a
good extension rod, and in the absence
of an elbow the end of this pipe
may be bent.
? '
1IOG CHOIjKUA AM)
HOW TO CO A TltO Li IT.
By Dr. M. Bay Powers, State Veterinarian
and Head of Veterinary
Division. Clemson College.
There are two principal methods of
preventing hog cholera; one by the
use of serum, and the other by taking
care to avoid the methods of spreading
the disease, which are here outlined
briefly.
Hog cholera is spread by failure
properly to dispose of the carcases of
dead hogs. Buzzards, dogs and other
animals feeding upon these carcasses
can carry infection to other premises.
All carcasses should be burned or
burled immediately, and buzzards
should be destroyed in communities
where they are not protected by law.
In communities where these scavengers
are thus protected, the law
should bo repealed and the birds destroyed.
Another very common method of
spreading hog cholera is walking
through yards or liclds where sick
hogs are kept and carrying the infection
on shoes and clothing to other
premises where healthy hogs are conlined.
It should be remembered that
discharges from hogs infected with
cholera are very infectious, and the
owners should not go or allow any ol
their help to go 011 premises where
there aro sick hogs. Neither should
they allow neighbors to go among
their hogs when cholera exists in the
community. Healthy hogs should be
cared for by persons who have not
been where the disease exists, and 110
one else should be allowed near the
healthy drove.
Cholera may be spread by streams
receiving drainage from infected
premises, by buying hogs from prom
ises wnere tno disease exists, or from 1
public stock yards, or by failure to *
isolate newly purchased hogs until <
their freedom from disease has been 1
ascertained. These three matters de- 1
serve careful attention. (
When cholera exists In a neighbor- j
hood every hog owner should estab- 1
lish a strict quarantine on his in- ?
dividual premises. When the disease
exists on adjoining farms hogs should '
be protected by injection with anti- 1
hog cholera serum. *
The sudden death of one or two j
hogs should lead the owner to suspect
cholera. If upon examination of the J
carcasses cholera lesions are found,
'all healthy hogs should be moved at 1
once to new lots or pens until they 1
can bo injected with serum. 1
A farmer finding cholera among his
hogs should at once apply to the
Veterinary Division, Clemson College,
for serum, which i,s to be had at actual
cost of manufacture, and should
secure the services of his county farm 1
demonstration agent, who has been
instructed in the use of serum.
It is the duty of all citizens to see
that the State law relative to prompt J
disposal of carcasses is strictly enforced.
? ? ?
FREEING THE STATE
OF TIIE CATTLE TICK.
By Dr. M. Hay Bowers, State Veterinarian
nnil TT/m/1 n#
V,.. v* A?VIVV4 V/J. ^ I.V 1 1 1 1 it I y
Division, Clemson College. *'
In July, 1907, the Veterinary Dlvi- 1
sion of Clemson (College, in co-oper- '
atior with the U. s. Bureau of Animal 1
Indus: ry, commenced tick eradication 1
work in Oconee, Dickens, Orcenville 1
and Anderson Counties. Since that i
date tills work has been gradually and
systematically extended until fourteen 1
counties are now free from ticks and 1
released from Federal Quarantine. 1
Systematic work has also been in '
progress in six other counties for the i
past year, and these should be in con- I
ditlon for release this fall. <
Prior to 1914 the expense of tick i
eradication work was borne by Clem- i
son College and the U. S. Bureau of <
Animal Industry. With the exception I
of about $f>00 (received from citizens I
of these counties) no funds were avail-1 <
able from other sources. At the last
meeting: of the ?eneral Assembly,
130,000 was appropriated for co-operiting
with the U. S. Bureau of Animal
Industry In the work of tick eradication
in South Carolina, this sum to
t)e expended through Clemson College.
Shortly after this appropriation
was received, arrangements were
made to place tick eradication under
in inspector who could devote his entire
time to this work. Tick eradication
is now being rapidly pushed into
ill tick infested counties of this State.
? ? ?
BERMUDA THE BEST
SOUTHERN GRASS.
liy J. N. Harper, Director S. C. Experiment
Station, Clemson College.
Bermuda grass is the most valuable
grass the South possesses and is
ho best for pasturage and lawn purposes.
Its true valuo Is not yet appreciated
by its most ardent mlvo
:ates. There are several varieties or
.ypes of this grass grown in the South
differing from eaeli othor mainly in
.he size of stems and spieulets and in
hardiness. Some of tho smaller,
tiardy types arc from two to three
.veeks earlier in making their growth
n the early spring than are the
:oarser varieties. There are other
jpecies of grasses, such as wire grass
ind Kgyptian grass, often mistaken
>y farmers for Bermuda, and for this
eason Bermuda grass is sometimes
lenounced as being worthless by
.armors who have growing on their
'anna the other species which are of
ittle value.
Bermuda grass, when grown on
.veil improved land and properly
reated, will afford during six months'
)f the year as much grass as the averigo
bluo grass pasture of Kentucky.
L have known one aero to furnish all
ho food during the summer months
!or six calves. Three acres of this j
frass on improved land will pasture |
ifteen brood sows with their litters,
hey requiring no other food than
hat afforded by live acres of forage !
;rops. When grown 011 rich bottom
anda and kept free from weods and
uoperly fertilized, Bermuda grass aforda
a splendid meadow, as it can bo
mt twice during tho season, yielding
Tom three to four tons of excellent
lay. Bermuda hay is rich in carbo1ydrates
and makes as goood hay as
Jmothy. it is well suited for work
hock, but is not so good for dairy
:altle.
Fortunately, wo have discovered
hat Bermuda grass is not a serious
veed enemy, for us it uoeu not mature
jeed to any extent in this country and
.pleads only by underground and
nerground steins it can be eusily kept
n check. As it is a tropical plant and
equires plenty of sunlight it can be
;asily eradicated in two or three years
jy shading it out by growing winter
egumes. such n? vpinil ...441.
, . t/luiilCU >Y I 11J
>ats, followed by a sunnacr legume,
iucIi us cowpeas or velvet beans, Bernuda
does not damage cotton anyhing
like us much us does crub grass,
md a good crop of corn can be made
n the held badly infested with Bernuda
if properly cultivated. Bermudu
;rass is of great benefit to the soil in
hut it prevents it from washing, adds
lumus to the soil and lills the soil
vith innumerable fibrous roots which
iroduce the best form of humus. It
s an annual with perennial, under;round
steins. If Bermuda Is planted
a the fall it can be grown with oats
md vetch, or with bur clover. It is
i splendid plant for terrace banks and
s also valuable to grow on railroad
md pond banks to prevent them from i
:aving in and washing away.
As it requires plenty of sunlight, it
vill not grow well in shaded places,
t can bo propagated by sowing the
eed at the rate of two pounds to the
icre or by planting pieces of sod. A
food way to obtain a Bermuda sod is
0 break the land with a turning plow
>r disk plow and in every furrow drop
1 small piece of sod every twelve
nches, the next furrow covering it
rom two to three inches deep. It
:uii be sodded almost any time durng
the year, but the best time is in
he early spring, it should be planted
ifter some winter legume, such as
mr clover, crimson clover, or vetch,
f planted in the spring; and if
slanted in the fall, should follow cowjcus,
soybeans, velvet beans or begjarweed.
After the land lias been
ilowed and the plants dropped, the
and should be thoroughly harrowed
o make the nastnre snmma un<?
Cattle should be turned into the
mature us soon as possible. The best
Jermuda pasture can bo ruined by
illowing' weeds and other grasses to
now. Bur clover can be sown in the
all in a Bermuda pasture. Bermuda
jrass is usually ready tor good pasure
by June 1st. After the pasture
las remained in Bermuda grass four
>r live years, it should be plowed up
n the early spring and planted in
;owpeas. The cowpeas will improve
he physical condition of the soil and
,vill add nitrogen, which is most beneicial
to tho Bermuda. If a Bermuda
[mature is allowed to run too long it
jecomes sod-bound and a poor quality
it grass is produced, it is a heavy]
feeder on nitrogen and should be fer.lli/.ed
with an application of nitrate
)f soda about the middle of every
\.pril, using from GO to 100 pounds
per acre. Acid phosphate shoald be
tpplied every four years at the rate of
loo or 100 pounds per acre. A good
line to apply this is at the time the
and is broken in the spring preparaory
for a crop of peas. One thousand
pounds of lime is also very beneficial,
i'his can be applied once every live or j
dx years. If Bermuda is planted with
Pexas blue grass, white clover and
common vetch a pasture can bo oh.
mined that will afford good grazing
line or ten months in the year.
Riosui/rs or top-dressing.
Best Times to Apply Nitrate of Soda
to Corn and Cotton.
By T. E. Keltt, Chemist, S. C. Experiment
Station, Clemson College.
Results obtained at tho South Carolina
Experiment Station show that a
Lop-dressing with nitrate of soda gives
?ood results on cotton, corn and small
{rains. The increase is most marked
luring a wet year, because this nitrogen
is already in an immediately
ivailable form, while the rotting of
he organic sources does not proceed
is rapidly as usual on aortonnfl r\t th.
ixceHH of moisture in the soil. The j
amount to apply per acre varies with
the fertility of the soil and the pre- 1
/ious fertilization, but we would suggest
from fifty pounds per acre on
taoor land up, according to the fertility
of the soil. j
Early applications are coming into
Cavor. We recommend that the soda
bo applied to corn when it is between
knee and waist high, to cotton Just as
the shapes begin to form, and to
small grain in March. Care should
be taken not to sow nitrate of soda
:>n wet plants, because it is likely to
scald them. It is best to apply it Just!
ifter a rain, when the moisture has
Iried oft of the leaves of the plants.,
then cultivate with a mulch forming'
implement as soon ar the ground is
Iry enough to plow, I
I
%
GASOIilNE ENGINES ^
ON THE MODERN FARM.
Some Practical and Helpful Details in
Operating This Aid to Fanning.
By Styles Howard, Assistant Professor
Machine Shop. Clemson College.
Of the various power-produolng
machines in use on the farm, probably
the most used and the moSL \
adaptable to all sorts of conditions Is
the single-cylinder gasoline engine of
the four-stroke cycle type. This machine
Is made In two forms, vertical
and horizontal, and with either air or
water-cooled cylinder.
While machines of different makers
vary as to detail, they all have the
same essential parts; namely, cylinder
with inlet and exhaust valves,
piston, connecting rod, crank shaft;**
crank shaft bearings with supports,
lly wheels, exhaust valve opener, govHl'IKir
lo-nltlnn nnr\nit..4iin ...... I
V* >*VA I rt IUO, *JU1 UUI CWUI I j
cooling apparatus and oiling system.
These engines may be purchased in
sizes from one-half horse power up- 1
ward.
Unlike the steam engine, with J
whose pulling powers we are familiar, ^ .
the gasoline engine will not carry
much overload; hence it is advisable lb
to buy a machine large enough to do*, u|
the maximum work required of ifmj :
without overloading. It the engine isRJ
to be used for pumping only, sma^l JL
special pumping machines that glve(F
excellent servloe may bo bought at a
reasonable price. If the farmer owns
but one engine, it is probably advisable
in all cases to procure a larger
machine than the small sizes, a machine
that will drive the wood saw,
the corn sheller, the feed grinder,
and so on. These machines give a
relatively high efficiency at light
loads, and it is, therefore, not ob-> *
Jeetionai to run them light.
The farmer, for a small outlay of
money, can provide a room in which
he can set his engine and such machines
as he desires to run with it,
and his wood saw may occupy an open
shed at the side of the room. A rod
of cold-rolled steel, mounted in hangers
attached to the overhead woodwork,
makes an excellent line shaft
at low cost. This shaft should r m
lengthwise the lull length of the room
to provide for as many machines as
the room will hold. The feed grinder,
corn sheller, etc., may be put together
in a part of the room separated from
the balance of tho room 'by a partition,
and beyond this partition may be S
installed tho washing machine, tho
cream separator, tho churn, the electric
plant, etc. These machines are
driven by the line shaft by meanskof
belts. V"
Jn a limited space it Is not possible
to discuss the many uses to which a
gasoline engiiio mav ho nui ?n >ha
farm, but the writer wishes to lm- M
press on the farmer the fact that it IB
is well worth the farmer's time to D
acquaint himself with the poasibili- la
tics of tile gasoline engine with reference
io his own particular case. Manufacturers
ami dealers are ready^o
supply full and free information $
A.
request.
A great many people are under the
impression that the gasoline engine is J
a very unreliable and dangerous thing.
This erroneous impression is duo to I
the fact that the machine is not un- 1
derstood by these people. As a matter
of fact, the gasoline engine is one <
of the simplest of prime movers, and <
if kept in good order and in proprhr
adjustment, it is a most dependab\%
source of power. When the farmer 1 j
forms the habit of rubbing down his
engine frequently and looking it ovor , n
for loose nuts and slipped adjust- j
ments, at the same time looking carefully
to tho quality of lubricating oik '
he uses, he will llnd that he possess' M
a safe, economical, and very satisfy, ijfl
tory power. . i A
\,lLmi
COXilCS OF HOltSF AND
Types of Malady and What to Do In 1
Trculing Kacli Kind.
*? I
By Dr. M. Kay Powers, State Veterinarian
and Head of Veterinary
Division, (Jlemson College.
One of the most common and alarming
diseasod conditions occurring in
horses and mules is that of cqjUlc.
Tho term is a very loose one, be/ng
generally used to denote any
abdominal pain whatever, and it may
readily be inferred that it, therefore, i
occurs in a great variety of diseases.
It is, however, only necessary here to
consider it under two heads, viz.,
spasmodic colic and colic due to impaction
or obstruction of the bowels.
Spasmodic colic is probably of Mie
most frequent occurrence and cons^.s
of a violent contraction of the muscles
of the intestines, causing intense pain.
It is usually brought on by giving
large amounts of cold water to a horse
over-heated; by exposing such a horse
to chilling rains after a liard drive;
sometimes by giving a heavy feed of
green succulent food; and in horses
that are predisposed to it, a sudden
change of diet may bo all thatA is
nAP.AMUn r**7 tn K-l~
j tjmis on an attack. A B
The condition is recognized by ffo H
horse suddenly showing symptoms of I
intenso pain following some of the I
causes above mentioned: stamping H
violently with one liind foot; looking
around at the Hanks with an anxious B
expression; sweating; lying down sud- \ I
denly and rolling in agony, and with H
occasional periods of freedom from H
pain followed by similar attacks. H
Colic from impaction is a cond^'jm H
in which thero is a partial or coinpUta " V
stoppage of the bowels, and may bo . B
brought on by overloading the storn- : B
acli when in a tired out condition and |&B|
particularly with dry, lnnutritious j. u
feed. A fahlty condition of tlie teeth, H
may also be a predisposing factor on S
account of imperfect mastication of
the food. This condition is accom- jOB
panied by constipation and the animal
sliows evidences of a continuous
pain as compared witli that of
modic colic, moving stiffly, lying down'] B|
occasionally and groaning, but with
the absence of violent movements, it ^B
also runs a longer course usually than
spasmodic colic.
In spasmodic colic a sedative or . ^B
narcotic troatment should be resorted y'^^B
to in order to overcome the violent '^B
contraction and relieve the pain. One ^B
of the best remedies is fluid extract ^B
of Cannabis indica, or Indian heffliP. ^B
given in doses of six drams by ^ho ^B
mouth. This brings on drowsiness, ^B
and, as a rule, by the time the drowsl- ^B
ness has worn off the colic has dlsap- B
peared. Another good remedy Is B
chloral hydrate given in doses of one
ounce dissolved in a pint of water;
or if a hypodermic syringe be aval la
ble, two grains of sulphate of morphine
may be dissolved in a little
water that has been boiled and al- BB
lowed to cool and
...yvvVVU UUU^?11U M9
With impaction colic, entirely dif- I
ferent remedies are needed, the object
being to unload the Intestines of
the offending material. For this purpose
live drams of aloes dissolved in
a quart of hot water and conjoined
with one ounce of oil of turpentine
and one dram of fluid extract ofvau^^H
vomica may l>o given; or if
not conveniently at hand, one aw 6
half pints of linseed oil may be given
and if there is evidence of much paii
three drams of Cannabis indica maj
also be given. Copious rectal injec- I
tlons of soap suds are benefloial also
Those remedies will usually suffice
but if more drastic treatment is noces^.BM
sary it she uld he entrusted to a ve||r
J p. art an.