The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, September 23, 1909, Image 5
AWFUL DISEASE
Pellagra is Spreading Rapidly Through
the Sooth and West.
NEW MENACE TO AMERICA
Mcdicul Science Is Working to Discover
the Secret of the Terrible
IMague That Has Invaded tin*
United States and Which is Caused
by Eating Corn.
Appearance in the United States of
that mysterious disease, pellagra,
practically a ne* and hitherto unfamiliar
kind of leprosy, and which,
though introduced but recently, is
spreading with great rapidity, may
well excite alarm, says Itene liache
In the New York American. It is
a disease,among the most frightful
known to mankind?which already
claims about one million victims,
now surviving, in the Old World.
Over there it pursues, in nearly
all instances, a slow course, killing
the sufferers very gradually. Hut
in this country it becomes unique
swift destroyer, the
t\ 11 VI IO V71 VVI? ?% ?
symptoms being "telescoped,'' as one
might say, so that the whole course
of the malady may be run within a
few weeks, terminating in death.
To call it a "new brand of leprosy"
is by no means inappropriate,
lint, in truth, it is worse?much
worse. Not only does it transform
the skin of the body in to a yellow
and parchment-like covering, cracked
and beset with foul and ulcerous
sores, but it direetly assails the temple
of the mind, reducing the patient
to a condition of insanity or idiocy.
Until recently the disease, its
name compounded from two Italian
words, "pelle," skin, and "agra,"
rough?has been regarded as peculiar
to the Old Wonldy, though
a few sporadic cases of it have appeared
from time to time in Mexico
and South America. Suddenly and
unexpectedly it invaded the United
States?the first sickness of the
kind being reported only a few years
ago in Georgia. Now quite as suddenly
it has spread throughout most
of the Southern States and, worse
/ still, because of the difference in
climate, it has attacked the Middle
West.
Fifty cases have been found at
the Peoria, Illinois, State Hospital
alone, and Captain Joseph F. Siler,
of the Army Medical Corps, sent
there to investigate, has reported
to the government that he believes
the malady has long prevailed, n^t
only around Peoria, but throughout
Illinois and the great corn growing
States of the West.
For it is in corn that the cause
of the disease, whatever it may be,
j lurks.
The malady is neither contagious
nor infectious. That is to say, one
person cannot "catch it" or "take
it" from another. Each individual
case originates from the moldy corn
direct. In all likelihood, the mis
chief-making fungus starts its work
in the cornfield, where its spones fall
upon the ripening ears and grow.
Hut even this is not a certainty.
It may be asked, why does not
cooking kill the fungus germs? So
in all likelihood it does. But the
^ poison manufactured by the fungus
is what makes the trouble, and apparently
this is not deprived of its
toxic efficiency by high temperatures.
That boiling does not render it harmless
is shown by the fact, already
mentioned, that alcohol distilled
from spoiled maize will cause the
disease.
The spores of the fungus start
colonies in the intestine, and the
poison they produce is taken up by
blood and thus carried to all parts
of the body. It is in effect a drug,
particularly injurious to the brain
and nervous system generally?
whence the profound effect of the
disease upon the mentality. This effect,
like the purely physical symptoms,
is progressive, and frequently
terminates in idiocy or Insanity.
When it is said that the disease
is due to something in moldy or
musty corn nearly all has been said
that is really known of the cause.
It is true that at the Meridian
Hospital, in Mississippi, a new and
unknown bacillus has 'been isolated
after investigation into a number
of cases ot the disease, but
whether this is the real microbe of
pellagra, whether thero is a microbe
or whether the malady is due
to some vegetable growth that enters
the hlonrl fhmno-H
V... VUQM VHU VU1 ll| IO
not actually known.
Nor is it likely that an effective
remedy will he found until the cause
is definitely ascertained. The Italian
y theory, and the one commonly accepted,
is that it is caused by "a
fungus parasitic on maize or by a
ptomaine developed by its petrifaction."
Fungus and ptomaine remain
to be discovered.
Nobody that has ever handled
corn can have failed to notice that
occasional ears are moldy. Perhaps
only a few of the grains are affected,
and, as a matter of fact, these are
removed in process of preparation
for the table; or, if the grain be
Ha, - ' -
shelled by hand, only the good part
Is taken for the bin. This, in the
latter case, is a precaution obviously
necessary, inasmuch us a small
amouut of moldy corn may do a
great deal of damage in the bin,
through the spreading of the fungus.
It Is in the Southern State's and
In the Middle West that the bulk of
the cornmeal output is consumed.
Oomparativly little of it is eaten
in other parts of this country. Formerly,
in both sections, the supply
of corn meal came entirely from
small local mills, the grain for
which was "shucked" by hand. For
this reason none of it was moldy;
and consequently the ilour made
from it was wholesome, containing
no disease germs. Those who ate
it were safe from "pellagra."
Today, however, there is a very
different state of affairs. The South
has given up growing corn on any
extensive scale, and is planting cotton
instead. Hut the people of that
section are still eating as much corn
meal as ever, obtaining the product
Vw* ...I.- H l - 1 - ? ?
iwiii ui<; 1^1 ui 1111 wntsrtj 11 is iiiilllG ill
great mills in Chicago, St. Louis,
Cincinnati and other cities, by machinery.
The ears are "shucked'
by machinery, which pays no attention
to bad ones, and throws the
moldy grain in with the rest, to be
afterwards ground.
Formerly the corn used for making
meal in the South was never
kept in big bulks. Today, on the
other hand, it is customarily handled
in enormous bulks?600 bushels to
a car, and thousands of bushels in
one bin. Under such conditions, especially
if any moisture be present,
the mass is liable to "heat," and
the fungus from the moldy grain
spreads with great rapidity. Thus
is may be taken for granted that the
cornmeal which comes to market
nowadays is more or loss liable to
be infected with fungus. No wonder
then, that in the States where cornmeal
is a large item of the daily
diet a disease positively known to
arise from the' eating of moldy corn
should have made its appearance.
It is by no means to be supposed
that the fugi which attack corn are
all of them, or even most of them,
dangerous. Presumably, they are,
as a rule, quite harmless. Hut
among them there must be some
species of a "pathogenic" character,
which produces the disease known
as pellagra. When sufferers from
the malady in its early stages are
deprived of corn, and fed on other
grain, the symptoms disappear.
Summed up, the symptoms comprise
progressive emaciation, brittleness
of the hones, fatty degeneration
of the internal organs (especially
the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and
lungs), inflammation of the brain
and spinal cord, nervous troubles
and the frightful affection of the
skin already mentioned.
These conditions become progressively
worse. There are evidences of
mental weakness, with great depression
of spirit. Children are sad of
face and look like old men or women.
Young women rapidly take on
the aspect of ancients. Emaciation
sets in, with increased physical
weakness. The skin becomes red,
with sensations of burning and itching,
and usually some pufliness.
Blisters appear, scattered over the
surface; the spidermls dries and
falls in grayish scales. Later on the
skin becomes thickened and of a dirty
yellow or yellowish-green color
hard and rough, with painful crack?
and crusts, or even ulcerations.
Finally, it becomes parchment-like,
with entire loss of elastic!iy.
The condition, in a word, so far
as this feature of the complaint is
concerned, is what a layman would
describe as leprous. It is not leprosy,
however. A suggestion has been
made to the effect that the leprosy
described in the Bible was actually
pellagra, but there is no reason for
such a theory. Undoubtedly pellagra
is a modern disease, corn having
been unknown in ancient times.
Maize, of course, is of American
origin, and it is safe to say that
the Indians, who were large users
of forn meal long before the days
of Columbus did not use moldy grain
in its manufacture.
Jn the later stages of the malady,
sufferers become either partly imbecile
or deranged. Sometimes they
entertain delusions of persecution or
of religion. Melancholia leads to
dementia, and they try to commit
suicide, or in some instances exhibit
a homicidal tendency. Not infrequently
they refuse food. Their
heads tremble and their gait is paralytic.
Last scene of all Is a combination
of starvation, helplessness,
heart weakness, dropsy and delirium,
ending in death. Occasionally blood
Dfliofttiln"
ui even galloping consumption
of the lungs, sets In at the
close.
Pictures have boon sent to Dr.
Rile Metchnikoff, the famous Russian
scientist who is now studying
it. It Is also under investigation
at John Hopkins University in Baltimore.
Such is pellagra?certainly
one of the most frightful physical
afflictions known to mankind.
Another Terrible Flood.
Another terrible flood has visited
the Jamillepec district in the State
of Oaxaca, Mexico. Sugar planta-!
tions and mills have been destroyed,1
hundreds of head of cattle have been
killed and scores of farm laborers
have lost their lives In the water. |
SHOW LARGE GAINS
POSTAL STATISTICS SHOW PHOCK
ESS IX MAXV TOWNS.
i
South Carolina Compares Well With !
All Sections of tin* liiited Strifes
in Thrift.
Figures that are now being prepared
in the office of the auditor of j
the postofiice department in Washington
reveal an interesting story
of the commercial growth and development
of the various towns in
South Carolina during the last
twelve months. These tigures, based
upon reports from the |>ostmasters
in different parts of the State, are
due to reach the auditor's office
soon after the close of each' fiscal i
year on June 30. but as may be expected
there are many delays in such
matters, consequently this year it
will i?e several weeks before complete
returns are available.
Enough information, however, has
been received to indicate in the
clearest possible manner that when '
lull returns ar?j made South Carolina
will make as good a showing as
any State in the I'nion, with the exception
of Texas, Oklahoma and
some parts of the far West, where
towns of a.000 or lu.000 inhabitants
sometimes spring up over night.
The latu r, however, are not counted
by the postoflice department as |
good evidence of the real growth j
of the country, for the reason that >
they are just as liable to disappear
suddenly with the discovery of gold
o'* some other precious metal somewhere
else as they are to be put
iu full blast net wen >uns.
Inquiry of the postoflice department
officials shows th.it during the
last year the towns and cities in
South Carolina that have probably
made the most noted progress are,
in the upper part of the State;
I Spartanburg, Greenville, Anderson
and Greenwood. Of these four it
is probable that Spartanburg is in
tlie lead, and that when the returns
are in it will be se*'n that she has
made a slight advancement over the
three other places. In the Piedmont
section there are several smaller
mill towns, like Gaffney, Piedmont
and Pelzer. that have also
made excellent returns and have
made substantial headway. Laurens
and 1'nion have about held their
former positions.
Further down the State Newberry
has made a small gain, as is the
case with Columbia, though in the
latter case the increase will not be
so marked a- in the smaller towns.
J Postal receipts in Orangeburg and
Sumter have probably been considerably
increased during the last twelve
months, and Florence has also made
substantial headway. In the Pee
Dee section. Darlington and Marion
have made good records, and the
race between the other towns in that
of the State for the lead in increased
postal business is a close one.
An interesting feature in connection
with these figures is that the
smaller towns in the State have
probably made larger increases
with respect to their relative population
than the larger places, Indicating
that iiianv nersons un,
w M w M? Wlli"
ing to the former from the country,
because of the new cotton mills being
constantly erected.
These figures, however, do not
take into account the large increases
at the various mill towns in the
State, where there are only one or
two factories, because figures for
these offices are not obtainable. If
they could be secured they would
make a most interesting story of the
commercial growth and prosperity of
the small towns.
FATAL 'SQFITO BITE.
Causes Blond I'oison Which Causes
Death of a I>ad.
Six-year-old Freddie LJmburger of
141 Terrace place, Westchester, N.
J J., died Friday of blood poisoning
brought on from scratching mosquito
bites on his legs. Going out into
the woods to gather flowers the first (
of the month, Freddie was terribly
bitten bv mosquitoes. Me kept
scratching himself with his finger
nailes and on September 3 it became
necessary to call Dr. W. C. (
Doming of St. Raymonds avenue,
Westchester. One leg began to swell
and it was soon apparent that blood
poisoning had set in.
Child Killed hy Train.
A nnU T>~11 * * - ~ "
nt-ii ivitinsay, aged 13, while I
on her way to the Laurens cotton i (
mills at 6 o'clock Saturday morning,
was run over and fatally injured
by a detached string of flat cars on
I the Columbia, Newberry & Laurens
railroad, death ensuing one hour
later. She was walking on the track
and being partially deaf did not hear
the approaching train behind her in
time to escape.
CJot. the Cash.
At Neosho Falls, Kansas, three
robbers Friday dynamited the safe
of the Neosho Falls State bank and
and escaped with $3,000 in cash.
The'robbers exchanged shots with the
city marshal. ? ^..
* u. >4K Jfc.
LEAP TO ESCAPE FLAMES
HVX1>KEI> HAVE CLOSE CALL
WHEN HOTEL IllKNED.
Entire Ci round Floor is Abliue When
Fhunes Art* Discovered ? None
Hurt Seriously in Jumping.
A dispatch from Edgemere, Long
Island, says in a lire which destroyed
the Ilolmeshurst Inn there before
daylight Monday morning seventylive
guests and twenty employees experienced
exciting and narrow es
capes.
The fire, which the proprietor
said, was of incendiary origin, stalled
in the basement and worked op
through tlie frame structure so rapidly
that the entire first floor was
ablaze before the guests were given
the alarm.
While most of the guests were
able to leave by stairways, half a
dozen, among them two women, leaped
from a second-story balcony, but
were not seriously hurt.
The guests were cared for in
T1 ? i l? h 1r> II \r i.nltfiunu 'P?.
, .0.. n>?/> wi lu^uo, i IIU IIUU'I
building was valued at $7T>,000.
William Holmes, son of the owner,
ran to his mother's room on the
second lloor and found his escape
cut off by a wall of llamos. They
were forced to jump, hut were not
hurt. An elevator hoy ran his car
until the flames stopped the car.
MKTIIOI) TO >1A It KMT CIlOl'.
New Orleans Cotton Dealer lias
New Clan.
A dispatch from New Orleans says
\V. 13. Thompson, president of the
New Orleans cotton exchange and
head of the cotton firm of W. 11.
Thompson & Co., of that city, has
issued a circular letter to farmers,
wherein he offers a new plan for
the marketing of the cotton crop.
He urges farmers to market their !
crops at the rate of 10 per cent a
month. According to Mr. Thompson
this would create a stable market i
for both buyer and sel.or.
Mr. Thompson says in part:
"Let the producer of cotton market
10 per cent of his crop each'
month for 10 months. An instant
of reflection will convince any
thoughtful man that whether the!
. iwi# 1111 imc niHi Kei i?e large or small
and whether a hundred planters or
a hundred thousand employ the
method, the result will he better
than if the crop were sold at once
or the attempt made to hold it all.
If the plan is good for one planter,
it is good for all, and if all or any
great number of planters adopt it,
the problem of marketing the crop
is solved."
WANTS HIS MOCK It HO K ION.
A White Fiend Attacks a Young
Negro (iirl Twice.
A special to The News and Courier
from Spartanburg says an unknown
white man attempted to make a
criminal assault on a young colored
,,1-1 - 4 * * ' ^
kiii ai imjsi Spartanburg Saturday
afternoon. Me was caught by the
father of the girl and given a
severe whipping and then released
and told to leave the country. It
is said that this is the sTcoud attempt
of the kind by the man, and
the white people of the community
regret that the girl's father let him
get away, claiming that he should
have been turned over to the authorities.
The assault caused the
report to be circulated in the city
that a race riot was on, and the
deputy sheriff and a large crowd of
citizens hurried out to East Spartanburg
to prevent trouble.
Killed by lightning.
The Suinter Watchman and Southren
says: "Simon Mickens and
another negro man were killed by
lightning Friday afternnoon while
riding on a wagon load of cotton,
which was being carried from the
field to the gin house on the farm
of Mr. T. II. Clarke, near Mechanicsville.
Another negro who was lying
between the two, who were killed
was shocked and burned but escaped
serious injury. Two white boys, tne
sons of Mr. Ilradley, who were rid
iiik on ine wagon escaped unhurt."
Negro Proves ? Hero.
At Atlanta, Ga., the home of S.
\V. Bailey, with its contents, was
destroyed by fire Saturday, the roof
falling when the fire was first discovered.
The family of Mr. Railey
barely escaped in their night robes.
After the roof began crumbling,
Mary, the six-year-old daughter, was
rescued by the daring bravery of
VVeldon Wray, colored.
The Deadly Auto.
Harry L. Buckley, a newspaper
man of Philadelphia, Pa., who was
carrying a message from President
Taft to Seattle in a relay automobile
race, under the auspices of the Philadelphia
Press, was killed Saturday
afternoon when the automobile in
which he was speeding was wrecked
near Lebanon. Pa. The race has
been abandoned.
I PELLAGRA DISEASE
SAI l> TO IlK l Al SlOI) IIY THE I HE
OF WESTERN UltOWN <X)RN
II is ('laimi'd That This Corn Hun
Not Time to Mature Well Before
it is (around.
Thn Hrnnil nou' /llenat a
til x ??\l AM V *" VHP' H'V ? II I\ II III ^ L
made its appearance in the South
several years ago, has Invaded several
parts of the North. Fifty eases
are now under treatment in Peoria,
111. It has probatdy existed
undetected in the North many years.
Dr. Lavindar of the L'nited States
marine hospital service, has proved
that pellagra caused the death of
two patients who were supposed to
have been scalded to death in the
liarton villo, Illinois, insane asylum
in 1904 and 1907.
They died in bath tubs and then
bodies looked like they had been
boiled and the nurse who was in
charge of the last case was dismissed
for supposed criminal carelessness.
Dr. Lavindar says t lie appearance of
being boiled alive is typical of the
(iisease of pellagra and that death
I in the bath tubs was a mere concidence.
The result is that the nurse
has been reinstated. Dr. Lavindar
found forty cases in this asylum on
i his arrlva 1 there.
The Knoxville Sentinel, referring
| to the theory that mu>ty corn causes
I pellagra, expressed the belief some
time ago that the spread of the disease
was due to the use of carelessly
selected corn ground by steam
rolling mills instead of the coarse
ground corn meal of water nulls of
the South. The view has been growing
in strength. Dr. William T
Woodley, of Charlotte, N. ('., has
written The Observer on this subject.
He blames the use of shock
cured corn which, he says. is not
given time enough to dry thoroughly
before it is husked and marketed.
lie savs that sixty days longer
should be allowed to corn in the
. W 1- A I
Mionv man to corn standing in the
field.
The season in the West is much
shorter than in the South and the
fanners push their work so as to
get through with cleaning itheir
fields before winter. Dr. Woodley
| proposes, therefore, that mills be
required to use only corn that has
been cured under supervision. Corn
for the table should he cured without
stripping the fodder in order to
give the ears all the nutriment possible.
The amount of corn ground
1 for human food is small compared
with the total grown and it would
he no great hardship to require the
mills to he careful in selecting it.
In commenting on the rapid
spread of the disease, the Farmers'
Union St?n says here in the South,
whose people have always been addicted
to the use of corn-bread in
some form or other, pellagra was
unknown until comparatively recent
years. Before the war and long
afterwards, we never knew or heard
of a case that indicated any of the
symptoms of pellagra. It Is as now
known and described a very modern
disease so far as it relates to the
South, and its present prevalence, If
due to the use of corn, may be attributed
wholly to the South s abandonment
of the cultivation of corn,
turning its attention to the single
crop of cotton, and
? T' A"
j clusively for its corn supply on the
West, where the methods of harvest
lug and earing for corn crops
are such as to make corn an unfit
article of food for man.
We read the other day that it i*
not an unusual thing for some
Western farmers to turn the^r hog?into
fields of corn which was regarded
as of inferior quality. We are
confident that much of this kind of
corn or the meal from it is shipped
to the South and made into
; un-ciu and eaten by the poorer class
of our people among whome, especially
those in mill districts, pellagra
has appeared. We don't believe that
Southern raised corn, harvested only
when fully ripe, as was done in antebellum
times, and properly ground
into meal, will produce pellagra.
If the disease is caused from corn, i
it is this Western corn and its proj
duets on which our people have been
I feeding ever since they got the eoti
ton craze. Pellagra, then, which is
said to be spreading rapidly throughout
the South, is going to compel
our people to go back to first principles,
in other words, force them to
cut out Western corn and raise their
corn supply at home, it seems that
something just like this was required
to bring Southern farmers to their
I
: senses. Some people can be convinced
only by knock-down arguments,
and pellagra is one that
seems to be of Unit kind.
The Sun is right, (torn has been
the staple food of the South too j
long to allow any room for condemning
it wholesale as has been
done by hasty thinkers. But it was
home-grown corn that was eaten and
home-ground, too, until a few years
ago when the markets of the South
were Invaded by the products of
tho steam rolling mill. The housekeepers
who insist on getting the
coarso meal of the local mill will
probably make no mistake and may
rest assured that they are eating
one of the finest food-stuffs given
GOODS SEIZED" I
Peary's Boatswain Confirms Cook'* Stale- I
ment of the Looting of His Stores. H
PEARY BADLY EQUIPPED I
Ih*. <V?ob'?< aim) FrankoN Collection I
of Holies Were Taken by Peary?* I
Admiral Srhley Fudoises l)r. Fooh I
a.s Does Capt. Osboiu, Secretary of . H
the At t ic < 'bib. 9
a dis natch from si# i!?>?>?'a vj ^
says Alan \vhi?ton, who was boat- H
swain <?f the Peary auxialiary i team- H
er Erik in i<H>r. and again in 1908, I
adds his quota to the polar contro*4 I
versy. On his expeditions ho saw I
much of Peary and kn? w of Peary's
plans. He was also on the Erik in
the summer of 1907 when she lay M
for a week in Sydney alongside the M
schooned Jno. H. Dradley, in whlo.h I
Dr. Cook was starting for the pole. I
Whitten says that the liradley was I
abundantly equipped for Cook's e*- I
peditlon, having supplies-, for at least I
three years, lie eon firms the charges I
maile hy Dr. Cook at Copenhagen
hat Peary's people took Dr. Cook's
provisions, adding that not only did
the crew of the ship take (,'ook'f
stores at Etnh, hut that boats were
sent to Annatok, thirty miles distant,
to remove Cook's provisions which
were stored there.
Whitten admitted however that he
did not know if this removal was hy
arrangement between Frank e, who
was left in charge of the provisions
and Peary or Peary's representatives.
The boatswain also made tho
statement that both FTanke's and
I Cook's collections of ivory and skins,
| some of them very valuable, likewise
were taken. He said that the trouble
with Peary's previous expeditions
had been the lack of supplies. Instead
of remaining away for three
wars, Commander Peary was compelled
to return after about fifteen
11miiii nst ir>?' r?>ai reason, Whitten declared,
that he did not have enough
supplies to remain longer.
Naval Ollieers Cndorso Cook.
A dispatch from New York says
previous assumption that Commander
Peary would have the United
States Navy solidly behind him was
not borne out in a letter from Rear '
Admiral Schley, made public by ('apt.
R. S. Oshorn, secretary of the Artie
Club of America, of which l)r Cook
is a member. The letter under date
of September 1 I from Pocono Manor,
Pa., runs in part as follows:
"I like Cook's attitudo immensely
In this unfortunate, unnecessary and
unwise controversy. He certainly has
been dignified and manly in the
stand he has taken in this matter.
Capt. Osborn followed up hi> letter
from the admiral with a lecture
on "Who Discovered the Noith
Pole?"
"Dr. Frederick A. Cook." he said,
"was for two years my wife's physician.
I saw him two or three
times a we?.-k and we chatted many
hours. If 1 have ever known a man
of integrity, probity, sincerity and
modesty, it is Cook.
"I have known also the other man
? known him to depart from truth
by larvro mari/in* "
Ft is now admitted by Peary himself,
that only one Esqulno was at
the pole with him. Cook had three
with him.
SOME TIMELY HINTS.
How Merchant*) Can Make Advertising
Win lltisiness.
One principal of successful advertising,
as practised by department
stores ad writers and other
specialists on publicity, is to give
definite descriptions of goods offered.
When a merchant uses such
phases as "The best is the cheapest"
and "Higgest assortment and
lowest prices," he convinces no one.
The reader argues that anyone can
use these catch words and that they
prove nothing.
Try instead to help your readers
get, a mental picture of your goods.
For this purpose try definite and detailed.
though very brief description.
(Jet manufacturers of your lines to
give you some definite facts about
how the goods are put together, so
| that you can irivn v/so.1 ?
D. . , ..w.lir I I'ilMUlS
why goods are superior.
Pick out, some special bargains,
describe them as above indicated,
and put in the price and the real
value you believe them to have.
Don't bother about flowery language.
What the buyer wants is cold tacts.
"Reason why" advertising is what
tilings the buyer around.
Prices are the best argument of
all. Oftentimes all that is desirable
is a word or two of description,
with price and real value In cold
type. Orangeburg merchants can
double their values by judicious,
persistent advertising in the local
newspapers. They should try It.
by God. In the meantime there is
no subject more urgent for the attention
the pure food experts
than the corn meal on the market.
|M| ?????