Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HISTORY OF COTTON. ( HOMK FKilRKS THAT DICHTLV CONCKHN THIS SUCTION. Kxtratls From ? Spfi'rli Miulo in Oongnvss by llepreseiitnt ive 11 <*fl in of Alabama. More than tt.OOO years ago cotton TV as found growing in India and Herodotus tolls us that the natives called it "tree wool." He said: "They made clothes of this tree wool and claimed that it exceeded in beauty and goodness the wool of the sheep." In 14 0 2 Columbus found cotton growing in the West Indies and it is certain that coton came to .Jamestown with our fathers in 1607, for it was cultivated that year in Virginia. Pickett, in his history of Alabama, tells io diiii us fiiny as i i z x cotton flourished in liOuisiaua. Mississippi and Alabama. How to seperale the cotton from the seed was an important problem with our fathers, and this tedious lush was performed with the lingers. So slow was the process that four pounds of lint per week was as much us n good hand could do. in 172S there was great rejoicing in the South when a man in Philadelphia Invented a machine for separating seed and lint, and this machine could turn out only ten pounds of lint per day. Not until Hlv Whitney, of Heorgia, invented the saw gin in 17 5i.'l, was this feature of the cotton problem solved. The first I cotton gin operated by any other than \ hand was run by water in Pairlield, S. C., by .lames Kincaid, in 1/95. For a long time spinning and weaving were done by individuals and families in their homes. They used the little hand carder, the one-thread spinning wheel and the wooden loom. These were followed by the inventions of Cartwright, Wyntt and others, the carding engine, the spinning jinney and the power loom, all run by steam, and the manufacture of cotton became one of the most important industries in the world. In 178 4 wo exported from the United States eight bales of cotton to bin I?1h net !i nil thic ftKrn le??l v?..%? iii/i v itcivi uvv;ii seperated from the seed by th hand. At Annapolis. Md., in a politicnl convention, 17 si;, James Madison of Virginia, tho author of the Federal Constitution said in a speech: "Tho United States wll one day become a groat cotton-producing country." Wo were then producing a,ouo bales. Mr. Madison's prediction has come true. The S outh produces SO per cent., of the world's crop of cotton. This cotton belt is 1,450 miles long front east to west and 5O0 miles wide and has in it about 4 4 8,000,000 acres. In 1880 the amount of capital invested in cotton mills in the South was $2-,000,000, and today wo have invested in this important industry a little over twelve times that amount, $225,000,000. Twenty-flve years ago the South liad only 000,000 cotton spindles and today we have about 10,000,000. In 1890 there were 33 0 cotton mills in the South and now we have over 000. Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, is the grentest cotton manufacturing country in the world, and has over 40,000,000 spindles. America stands next to tho mother ?ouniry wun zu.uuu.uuo spindles. Germany cornea third with 9,000,000 spidles. Russia ia fotirtli with 7,000,000 spindles, and France is iit'th with 6,000,000 spindles. In 1906 New England cotton mills consumed 2,349,478 bales of cotton, and in the same year our Southern mills consumed 2,374,225 bales; 25,000 bales more than our Northern mills consumed. This is a splendid Fhowing for the South when you remember that the North has nearly twice as many spindles as wo have. Thm'o ia one fact, howwever, connected with both ib.it we applaud, and that both Northern and Southern mills consumed more cotton than ever before. We are the greatest cotton producing people in the world, with the cheapest and best manufacturing facilities on earth. England leads in exporting cotton gooda, and Germany is second in the list; the United States is third and France is fourth. Last year the Unit ?utius miporicn more couon goous than she sold or exported. England, or the United Kingdom, exports every year more yards of cotton cloth than our American mills produce for both home and outside trade. During the calendar year ending December, 1906, the United Kingdom exported cotton manufactures to the value of $484,000,000, and the United States, during the same period, exported cotton manufactures to the value of $52,000,000, and yet we exported twice as much as we did in 1904. Gov. Johnson's Washington bureau says Congressman Hammond of the Second Minnesota District, feels confident that Johnson will be nominated for President and elected. The bureau can't name another Western Democratic Congressman who agrees with Congressman Hammond. CR1TIC18K8 TILLMAN. ['onKi'^omaii I^vor Does Not Approve of tho Race Discussion. Tho Columbia Statu says Congressman \ K. Lever was in the eltv on Saturda\ 011 his \\;?> *.?.? his iiome in Lexington from Sumter, where he participated in the farmers' convention Kriday. Mr. Lever was well received in Sumter. At the banquet j Friday night his address was received with pleasure not unmixed with surprise, for he spoke very frankly with reference to the alleged race problem. lie declared iliat tho people of the North are willing to let the people of the South settle their own problems. provided they don't make fools of themselves in stilling the questions. lie was very pointed with reference to the wild tit Ik of some people of the South who in addresses to Northern audiences give the wrong impression of the Southern eondit ions. When asked about the matter by tho Reporter of The State Saturday Mr. Lever declared that had it not been for the fact that Congressman Holiin had introduced a ".Mm Crow cur bill" for the district of Columbia, and subsequently shot a negro, the State of Ohio would undoubtedly have gone Democratic. The negroes of Ohio would not have voted for Taft. but the 11 o(li 11 affair may change it nil. The State goes on to say that Congressman Lever did not deny that lie was hitting at Senator Tillman also, lie admitted that lie does not approve of Senator Tillman's way of using talk which to those dial <h> not know him is lit' 1 he most violent kind Air. Lever's speech at Sumter Is said to have been very hold and was well received. Lever declared that friends of his in congress from Northern States had declared time and time again that they are willing to let the South settle her problems, and to help the South, if necessary, but they could not forever resist the appeals of their constituents in the North when those constituents are aroused by the wild talk of men who do not properly represent the views of the South. * The News and Courier says "Judson Harmon ought to explain how it happened that a Cleveland Democrat should have been preferred in Ohio to a thick-and-thin Uryan supporter." The action of the Ohio convention, which sent instruct ed delegates to Denver for Bryan, simply shows that the Bryanites in nominating a Cleveland Democrat for Governor over one of their own number are willing to make concessions to unite the party. The Nashville Tenneesean says "the Charleston News and Courier is bitterly disappointed in Mr. Watterson because the latter announced that he will support Bryan and furthermore believe that the Nebraskancan win. The News and Courier reminds us of the lone juryman who bewailed the obstinacy and folly of the other 11." The Republican leaders are practically committed to the Aldrich currency bill; and since the majority of the House is opposed to this Standard Oil measure, some pretended substitute, making its provisions still more favorable to the Standard's interests will probably be forced through in the name of currency reform. Some up-country paper says it is *: ~ iu? i ? i unuciiiuci titnj xui uic pcupiu tu instruct their representatives to the various conventions. We thought democracy meant the rule of the people. The GafTney Ledger says "that there imi'i one man in tut* who cares a continental whether Bryan is the nominee of the Democrats or not." The Ledger has always opposed Bryan, and yet its county instructed its delegates for him. It thus appears that The Ledger could not influence the people of its county to go the way that fourth-fifths of them wanted to go. Tiie State of Minnesota will send an instructed delegation to Denver for her GovernoriJohnson, but so far as we have seen not a Johnson paper objects to Minnesota's "fettering" her delegation. They only object to delegations being "fettered," as they express it. for Bryan. The Bamberg Herald asks: "If South Carolina is going to send a delegation to the national Democratic convention with instructions to vote for Bryan, why not send the vote bv mail and save railroad are?" Simply because there are hundreds of patriotic Carolinians I who are anxious for the honor of taking at their own expense the vote of their State for the most distinguished private citizen in the world to Denver. J "THE ( AI.L OF THE SOUTH." A Now Hottk That Is Mcotinjt With a BI|S Sal?>. The Washington correspondent of ' 'he State savs Mr. Robert l,er Durliam, the author of "I'ho Call of the South," has been in Washington during the past week and numerous congressmen have been discussing with hini Tdeas in his remarkable hook. Senator (Jury, who was introduced to 'he author at Congress Hall the other day said: "Why, I have just rend that book, and I should think that President Roosevelt would have given you $100,000 not to have written that book." South Carolinians are particularly in "The Call of he South" because some of the principal characters are front that State and some of the scenes, so that it will be interesting to know thai the first edition has already been oversold and the publishers are now getting out another. Mr. Durham is. of course pleased, although many of the remarks he hears here about it are condemnatory. A newspaper man from Ohio came into this office the other night and began to rail out against Durham, who lie had never seen, for writing such a book. 1 asked what he objected to. "Oh," he. said, "my wife and several of the women folks at my house read the thing the other day and they have been nervous ever since; it has upset the whole family. Resides," he went on, "I do not like it. because it makes out that a South Carolinian is so much holer than people from oilier pails of the country." Till-: MKKKV WIllOW IIAT. Col. Huron On the New Stylo in Woman's Headgear. Col. James T. H aeon of I ho Edgellcld Chronicle, has boon considering Hie "Merry Widow." The "Merry Widow" as woman, hat or phrase, has become disgusting. The hat is supremely hideous. The writer of this, as his people well know, is devoted to dress, finery, fashion, style, but the "Merry Wid-j ow" hat is hopelessly ugly in itself, and gives a woman an air of loudness and unrefinedness. Imagine a great, illimitable far-preading "sailor" with a huge hideous fort built, around the crown. This fort is sometimes circular, sometimes square, sometimss three cornered, sometimes five cornered, sometimes seven cornered, and sometimes nine cornered. And then long, straight, stiff, cheap qnills are so disposed on the fort as to make is doubly hideous. Fashion is one thing. (Jood, gentle refined taste is another. Fashionable hats, even outside of the "Merry Widow," are too big and too ungraceful. They make women look common, and give them locomotor ataxia and volhulus. Durn th "Merry Widow." I1AYK SOCIAL MOLALITY DINNCIt IN MOW YOJtli. Nothing In recent years lias so stirred the white people or this country as the "social equality" dinner given in New York on Monday night week under the auspices of the Cosmopolitan club. The purpose of the dinner, and of the movement of which it is a part, was. frankly and confessedly, to break down the social barriers between the two races, and tlie advocacy of intermarriage, expresed by whites and blacks alike at this remarkable dinner, was greeted with the loudest enthusiasm of the evening. There wore ninety-three people at the dinner, tlie proportion of negroes being about two to one, while among the whites were a large number of white women, affiliated with "settlement" work and socialism. The seating arrangements were so dt vised that a white woman inva riably sat between negro men. The Sncessfnl Man. The successful man is the man who lias made a happy home for his wife and children. No matter what ' ho has not done in tho way o: achieving wealth and honor, if he lias done that he is a success, if he hasn't done that, and it is his own fault, though lie he the highest in the land, lie is a most nit :i Ida failure. How manv men in a mad pursuit of gold, which characterizes the age, realize that there is no fortune which can be left to their families as great as the memory of a happy home. Chance to Make Money. Senator McLaurin has introduced n bill in the United States Senate on Tuesday providing that the govern' ment. shall offer $50,000 to be paid to any person who shall within two years, discover practical means for the extermination of the cotton boll 1 weevil. i Don't grumble when things go wrong, ltoll up your sleeves and ' make l hem go right. A woman worries over chapped knees as if every hody knew it "Knocking" at someone else's door may helf to smash it in, but it won't strengthen yours. Now it is reported that "razorless shaves" have been perfected. Rufus Rastus Johnsing Brown will see to it, says the Washington Herald, that razorless "scraps" are never perfected. THE FISHERMAN'S PARADISE. No Such AiiKlintt Sport can be Found Elsewhere In the World. The fisherman t paradise In the* United States Is found at Miami, Kla. There ? ?? other tarpon ground? than tu'.fj ivi\ ?*m. "f-jjer-i v* Ito \ ' nd 11 ? ; w ii> ii' i ae sou t hern litoS po.nf oi Riorum y< ar after yen? wlin Mattering regulailty, and some ot whom have landed from five to ten huge 1 f?h 01 '.'on pounders in </ne ay contend that no suoli angling sport can he lOund ''Iscwn. re in the tvor d. nor so many fish, as in the waters vhieli .ap the shores of the various l-e.vs which dot tie hay a# I the Gulf Stream. Tuere are over six hundred sindu of lisii between Miami and Key West, and 1."?0 of these are known as game flsli. One of the faseinations of the gamy tarpon is that lie m.vKterious. lit; comes in schools alienee no oim seems to know, lie 's sighted sometimes as early as fannary hut. although lie jumps and aioekiug!y lashes Ills six feet or so al shining silvery body in the eyes of the eager sportsman, he refuses ic notice tne most tempting halt. In I < bnlary he beg ns to take the hook and in litis month anglers begin to arrive on the scene and to engag? their boats and guides for the season. ? Leslie s Weekly. flenching a Decision. A commercial traveler tells an amusing experience which happened to hint In the interior of Pennsylvania. The traveler landed oi Lin iliage and sought the only hotel in I the ptaee a small building not ' intteii larger than the average dwelling. lie stepped on the porch but inarms voices raised in angor, tie ,a used at the door. Apparently heie v as. a quarrel in progress, and ts ii??' excitement showed no indlca Men 01 diminishing, the traveler .tnoeked loudly on the door. "Hello!" he cr.ed, "Who's the proprietor of this place?*' "Jesi ye stay where \e are," came n feminine tones from the house, "lizra tin me is decidim thet pint now." 'Tuppence" I lie Dominating Amount. Tuppence?meaning, of course, two-pence, and equal to the sum of four edits In United States currency is the domln ting sum in London <t is much an institution as the war debt, beer, or the game of cricket. .Vherever you go. whatever you do, what ever you sell or whenever yon ?pen your month it is tuppence or a cries of that sum. that is extracted iToni you. Tuppence Is as much as a fairly well-to-do worker can afford or iiis meal at midday. In the poor i resimiranis mat sum pete him two dices and a big mug, or three slices and a little mug, or a portion of cake and a drink, or a fried egg, slice and mail mug or a rasher of bacon. \\ liy Toast Is Popular. The increasing popularity of toast. ihe Loudon Lancet, la a somehat interest liiy fact in that it possitiv indicates tltat after all the public resents 1 be insipi.lty of modern oread, holler tnlllin*, as now praciced, is altogether different front the dd method grinding wheat between Hones, leads to the elimination of ho germ ol the wheat. The peculiar nutty flavoi o. the old-fashioned o.if \iiis due perhaps to the retention f tills germ. Indian lluhles Don't Cry, "Affection for children is an Indian character," says Dr. Charles S. Moody of Idaho. "1 have neve.* seen an Indian mother or father punish a child, nor have T ever seen an Indian child cry. An Indian child never sohs when hurt, .lust an extra snap of the bright black eyes and a si ght irown is all to indicate to the observer that the little fellow is suffering. I have never heard even an Indian baby cry." % Workman's Poo. Aleonol is the foe of the workingman, inasmuch as it lessens his productive powers, thus lowering his efHcieney as a workman. It renders him careless and indifferent as to fhe w chare of his family, and results in the children drifting into .he workshop and factory ar a ti:.?< i iilo when they o gin to be gaining Lie knowledge necessary to fit them tor the circumstances of the future. ?Co-operative News. Johnson Uvush. If Prejudice could bo overcome, this is one of the most valuable hay grasses we have, it is at home in i in iniiiMitt hihi can De uepeaaea on to make a crop. It is akin to sorghum and partake* to some extent ol sorghum's hardiness. Cut the grass early, just as the first heads appear. If too old it is of but little value. Novel Farm. One of the most curious "farms" in the country Is conducted by Miss A I)by Lathrop of Granby, Mass. She has a little place up among tho hills vhore she raises mice, weasels, ferrets, rabbits guinea pigs, and water rats. She has in her charge all rold about 2,500 animals, and her literi>i iso has been a success.?Les He's Weekly. What He lfnd Missed. "Gracious! ' exclaimed Mrs. Goodley. "just listen to that clergyman! I'm positive he's swearing. Evidently he's missed his vocation." "No," replied her husband, "I think It was his train."?Philadelphia Press. Here I* a New One. Some of the so called Democratic papers that are really owned by the trusts are so anxious to defeat the nomination of Bryan by the Democrats that they have been putting on* all sort of absorb rumors about Mr. iiryai.. The latest yarn started out by these papers along this line is to the efFect the growth of the boom for Gov. John A. Johnson, of Minnesota. is diseoncerning, for the reason that Gov. Johnson is believed by the republican leaders not only to be a stronger candidate, hut they believe his candidacy would compel the republicans to ignore much of the campaign thunder they have learned since 189b and that with in the last week the possibility of the defeat of Mr. Bryan for the nominatiion. the efTect of the financial depression. the attitude of labor, and his own popularity, have been impressed upon Mr. Roosevelt by close friends as contributory elements which make the present political politices of the adminisration dangerous to the republican party, in the face of a possible change in the democratic political situation. This is a yarn out of the whole cloth. The Republicans would be delighted to have Mr. Bryan shelved, as they know ho is the most formidable candidate the democrats could nominate. W'lm fays the Kills? At Petersburg very recently Judge Gray said: "I am out of politics, and I am going to stay out." And yet there is a Gray boom for the Denver nomination. Headquarters are advertised and growing bulletins spread before the public showing the growth of Gray, and the decline of Brvan sentiment. By whose authority is this being done? Who is attempting lo dragood this excelleut man, who has such a true conception of the dignity of the bench, and such an accurate idea of what the anti-Bryan pother means? And who is, or are, footing the bills? Its costs something to compaign in this way, says the Washington Star. Only the other day Senator Culberson, in a statement, sought to put an end to the use of his name by the anti-Bryan people, No headquaters have been opened in his behalf, but for a full year Wall street interest have been bo< ming him for President. He has seen himself de scribed as the hope of his partv and the leader of the South. But all the time he lias In en a Bryan man, concedidjhe Jvlebraskan's nomination, and regardingit upon the whole as the party best move. Senator Culberson refused to allow himsfelf to Ee*u sed by the enemies of.Dcmocracy. r Senator Dancel also has shared in the golden guff which has flowed in a high tide from Wall street sources. And yet he has never made a sign that hedesired or appreciated such attentions. He has twice supported Mr. Bryan for President, and while differing with him now on certain policies, is far from being his enemy. If the expected happens at Denver, Mr. Bryan will have nc more earnest or active Supporter than the Senior Senator from Virginia. He like Senator Culberson refused to be used bv Wall Street as a cat's paw to defeat Democracy. Gov. [Johnson of Minnesota, haf taken the anti-Bryan bait. He h said to he a poor man. and can not be putting up for what is beingdom in his name. There are Johnsor headquarters in Chicago, in Wash ington and one or two other places and Johnson "literature" is eircuiai ing like leaves in an autumn wind It is flying high, and going every where. There is quite a general de sire to know the details of an active t.v whioh r?nn* nnt Ko /ai. +Vw ? ? nv/i uv iV/i HH health of the performers, anc which in a suspicious world finds t variety of explanations. In other words, who is putting up the monej to push the Johnson boom.' Is I Wall Street ro real Democrats wh< thinks so much of Mr. Johnson? Senator Foraker is working th< negro issue for all there is in it, and declares to the Senate that there must he "ftetien r?r? tha P?>An.?o..:n, v... V1IV I/IUYVIIDVIIH affair, or no adjournment." Th< Republicans are up against a tougt proposition, and find they canno serve two masters and will have t< choose between Teddy and the ne gro. The Charleston Post says "Speak er Cannon is a vicious old partisai and a representative of the interest and a stand-patter and almost every thing else that is mean." That is ( true indictment of the man who con trols all the legislation of the coun try. I NOT A HORHFI.FSft AGE. Facts Set?ni to Indicate Tliut It fa Farther Away Thau Ever. The horseless age that has bo?ai so persistently predicted is not merely ( slow in coming; the facts seem to Indicate that it is farther away than ever ait J perliai.s ma> never come. People must he riding a great deal more than they ever rode before. ( The automobile industry in this / country has quadrupled In value In the last three years and has developed at oven a greater rate In the number of machines manufactured. : But the statistics of horseflesh keep on expanding. There were more than fourteen million horses in this country in IS!?7. but according to the figures for the year just closed there are 19,746.UOO horses Di the United States at the present <!ino. This is a gain of nearly 4 0 percent, in a decade, a much larger one than the human element can show in spite of our large and continuous importations. As mechanical rivals multiply he rises in tile scale of dignified personality. The last, horse will probabiy lake his leave at about the same time as the last man. ? Boston Transcript. Squeaky Shoes In Demand. Small automatic pumps, very ingeniously contrived spirited air iu between the layers of the soles of each finished pair of shoes. "That beats me,'? said the visitor. "I never saw air put in shoe soles before. Pneumatic liko that, are they very springy?" "N'o, they're noisy," answered the foreman of the Lynn factory. "These shoes are for the export j trade. They go to Africa. A native ! African judges the white mans shoes by their squeak. The louder the squeak, the finer the article. In tact, tlie native won't wear a nonsqueaking, silent shoo. It is wind between (he soles that make shoes I squeak. Pot in enough and your footgear will be as noisy as two pigs under a fence." A Flrelesj House. To demonstrate his faith in the i racticability of electricity tor all domesti ? purposes, an olllck.l of un Illinois electrical company has recently built a house at Carrollton, 111., without a chimney or any other means of making use of lire. The house is heated by steam and the cooking done by electricity, both supplied by the heat, light and power company with which the gentleman is connected. This construction marks the beginning of an effort to obtain customers for current _ I 1 1 ? 4 1. . 1.14-t * _ IU UO USeU Ml LI1? KM.C.UC11, UI1U it Bpcrinl rate has been l\x ni for that kind of service. A Hit of Forestry. "Do you know how to tell a hard wood tree from a soft wood trie?" said a forester. "I'll tell you how to do it, end the rule holds good not only here among our familiar pines und walnuts, but in the Antipodes. 1 among the straugest banyans, baobabs and what-nots. Soft wood trees , have needle leaves, slim, narrow, almost uniform in breadth. If you don't believe me, consult the pine, the spruce or the fir. Hard wood i trees have broad leaves of various l shape?the oak, the ebony, the waln' t, the mahogany and so on." \ Every Bird a Weathercock. 1 "Where's the wind?" scoffed the sailor. "Why, look at the birds? [ they'll tell you. Don't you know that every bird s a weathercock? Stop moistenin' your finger and holdin' it up," he went on, in a tone ' of disgust. "The practice ain't hardly ) cleanly. Ixiok at the birds Is all you got to do, for every bird sets with its head always straight at the wind. Every live bird In a tree is as reliable a weathercock as tlieiu > dead birds on the spires what is >so much considered in this here Lenten 3 season.' Why Go to Bed? It seems to mo we make a mistake J In prescribing special hours for gol ing to lled and getting up. Why . should we thus gorge ourseives with slumber? Why should wo not follow the example of tim doe and ti<ke an occasional nap when we havenoih ing bettor to do? Why should we - go to bod when we don't feel sleepy? . Why should we not take forty winks when Inclined thereto? It strikes me there Is too much method and ? regularity about our soninlierous ar1 rangements.?London Graphic. 1 , Noiseless Europe. Railway whistles inilict torture on bo many people 'hat the efforts abroad to check th plague have won > approval from the people. Austria has introduced a system of dumb signaling to start and stop the trains. * Belgium Is trying compressed air whistlos InHtfiUft Wi t ?.C1 tn ? .-1 vi uvvuiu? anu VIUI " ? many experiments with ^orns. J Statues to Ministers. - Considering how great a part the l ministers of all our denominations t have played In the national life for y at least ten centuries, it is simply astounding to find how few are the ? statues that have been raised to them in public places during the past five hundred years or so.?Bunday Strand. 1 B Hardest to Fight. Gossips are almost. Invariably a great liars, "but," asks the Howard Courant with unexp- cted candor, "did you ever hear a story about - yourself that wasn't partly trust"