The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, February 15, 1906, Image 5
CREATSOLDIERj
<ieo. Robert F. Lee, Commander.
in-Chief of the
CONFEDERATE ARMY
?Hr
Last Sectiti af an Address Delivered
Recently by Dr. John A. Wyatt Before
the New York Southern
Society. A Grand Tribute
to a Grand Man.
Wkat cf this charge of treason and
wkat kind of traitor was Lee? A distinguished
soldier and citizen of Mass
aahusetts, Charles Franois Adams,
reared In the Naw England school of
politics, himself throughout the war
! the army that confronted Lee, son
ir%i _
or uiat unarm Frauds Adams who as
(Juiced State# ^buster to K?igland
Kuril g the Ulv^nnrar probably did as
muob as auy other man to defeat the
cause of the Ooufederaoy, graudnon of
John ilucy Adam# and great-gran.1soq
of that elder Adams wh:j succeeded
Washington as president of the
United Stales, a man who so differed
from Lae In his Interpretation of ihe
duty an American oltlreu owes as between
hi# States and the central gov
eminent that he declared he would go
against Massachusetts for the Union,
lias written this for hlstoay.
"If Robert N Las was a traitor, so
also and iudispuiauly was George
Washington. Washington furnishes a
preoedeut at evsry point. A VirginIan,
Tike Lee, he was also a British
aabjwt; lis had fought undsr the British
flag, as Lee had fought under that
of the Unitecjf Stales; when, in 1776,
Vlrgiola seceded from the British empire
he went with his State, just as
Lee went 85 years later subseqasntly
Washington commanded armies In the
Held designated by those opposed to
them as "the rebels of '76," much as
T,m kt^r OJ\m nr.? r* HeH snd at last
? ? t IU ?v 1MV Bill"
rendered mush larger armiM, also de
slgnated "rebels" by those they oou
fronted. Except 1m their on too me the
oases were therefore, precisely alike;
and loglo Is loglo. It consequent^
appear* to follow that If Lee waa a
traitor Washington waa also."
lie furthur says:
"la him there are exempli fled those
lofty elements of personal oharaoter
which, typifying Virginia at her high
est, made Washington possible. Bi
sentially a soldier, Rjbert B. Lee wsa
a many sided man. 1 might speak of
him as a strategist, but of this aspeet
of the man enougn has perhaps been
.Skid. 1 might dilate on his restraint
in Tiotor>; uls patient endurance in
the faoe of adverse fortune, the serene
dignity with whioh he in the end triumphed
over defeat. But, passing oyer
all these well worn themes, 1 shall
oontiue myself to that one attribute
of his whlon, recognised in a soldier
by aa opponent, 1 cannot but regard
as his surest and loftiest title to en
during fame. 1 refer to his humanity
in arms aud his scrupulous regard for
the most advanced rules of modem
warfare."
I>anying the contention that war
must be made hall, holding up to exo
oration the authors of the bloodiest
deeds in history, thingenerous foe and
great American said:
"I rej doe that no such hatred attaches
io the name of Lee. Reckless
of lifetto attain the legitimate ends
of war.ihe sought to mitigate its horrors.
Oppose to him at Gettysburg,
I here, 40 years later, do him justice.
No more creditable order ever issued
from a commanding general than that
formulated and signed at Chambersburg
by Robert E. Lee, as toward the
close of June, 1803, he advanced-on a
war of invasion. 'No greater disgrace,'
he then declared, 'cin befall the army,
and thriugh It our whole people, than
the perpetration of barbarous outrages
upon the Innocent and defetccless.
Such proceedings not only dlgrace the
perpetrator* and *11 connected with
them, but are subversive of the dls
cipline and efficiency of the armband
destructive of the ends of our move
ment. I t must be rememcored that
we ?^ake war only on armed men.'
' l i scope ana spirit L.ee'1 orcier wu
observed, and I doubt If a hostile foroe
ever advanced into an enemy's country
or Tell back from it in retreat
leaving loss cause of hate aud bitter
neas tna ? did the army of northern
Virginia In that memorable campaign
which culminated at Gettysburg."
In dwelling on this theme, In contrast
to Lee's numantby, may not
"the avenging pen cr history" quote
from "O lio in the War" by the lion.
Whitelaw li<>od, at this time ambassador
of the United States at the Court
*of St. James's, who in speaking of
the burning of Columbia wrote:
"It was the most monstrous barbarity
of this bar bar oui march. Before
his movement began Gen. Sherman
begged permission to turn his army
loose in South Carolina and devastate
It. He used this permission to the
full. lie protested that he did not
wkge war upon women and ohildren.
But, under the operations of his
orders, the last morsel of food was
takon from hundreds of destitute families
that his soldiers might feast in
needless and riotous abundanoe. Before
his eyes rose, day after day, the
mournful olouds of smoke on every
aide that told of old people and their
grandchildren driven, In midwinter,
from the only roofs there were Id
*
J
shelter them, by the flames which the
wautonness of his soldiers had kludied*
Yet if a singli soldier was punlsheu
for a single outrage or theft, during
that entire m ivement we have found
oo mention of It fee all the voluminous
records of the march."
May not this avenging pen of his
tory which Sumuer Invoked record
that order of Gen. Ilalleck, chief of
staff and military adviser to President
Lincoln, which aMd to Gen. Sherman,
"Should you capture Charleston I hope
tlvat by some aooldent the place mav
be destroyed, and If a little salt should
be sown upon It* site it may prevent
the growth of future crops of nullification
and seoesion," and Sherman's
r<'p)y In his dispatch of December 24,
lbt?4, "I will bear In mind your hint
as to Charleston, and don't think salt
will be necessary. When I move the
Fifteenth Corps will be on the right
jf bhe right wing, and their position
will bring them, naturally Into Chareston
first; and If you have watched
the history of that oorpe you will have
remarked that they generally do their
work up pretty well. The truth Is
tlie whole army Is burning wLJh an Insatiable
desire to wreak vengeanoe
upon Souih Carolina."
And may It not Lransenlie upon its
pages that other order to his efficient
Lieut. Hunter: "He (Grant) further
say tl etlie wants your troops to oat
ou t Virginia clear and clean, as far as
they go, so tliat crows Hying over It
for the balanee of the season will have
to carry tlieir provender with them."
Of Lee as a general, President
Roosevelt, In his life of Thomas H
Benton, says:
"The world has never seen bettrr
lu this action L?e violated both of
the maxims of Napoleon?never to di
vide an army Into two oolumns unable
to eommuiiloate, or attempt a iuno
lion in the presence of a concentrated
euemy; but Lm knew hi* man. PI*
violated the last section of thl* maxim
because he knew Pope, and %>
flrnt because he knew Jackson. Ik Is
rare Indeed that such tratcgv succeeds.
Hasdrutnl divided from Hannibal
by many miles and a Consular
*rmy, fell back to the Metarus, and
Reme was saved. Two thousand years
later Prleee Frederick Chariot, dlvi
ded by a few marohee and two Austrian
army oorp* from the Crown
Prlooa, lingered eo long upon tbs Iser
iliai the supremacy of Prumia treafbled
La the balance. But the character
of the Virglnlan soldier was of a
loftier type, lb has been remarked
that after Jaokson's death Lee never
agate attempted thooe great turning
movements which had achieved hu
most brilliant vlotoriee. Never again
did he divide his army to reunite It
on the Add of battle. The reason Is
not far to seek. There was ao general
in kits Confederate army to whom h;
dared oonflde the oharge of the det&ehed
wing, and in poemaln* one
such general he had been more fort*
nate than Napoleon.
It is act*worthy that. Molkke ono?,,
at Konlggraiz, carried out the opera
tion referred to: Wellington, twloe a'
Viotorla and Toulouse: Napoleon, al
though he several times attempted it
uever, except at Uim, with complete
suooeos.
In his "History of the American
War," Lleut.-Col. Fletcher of Bug
land says;
"The armies of Grant and Lee were
still in the vicinity of Spe\?tt>>lv*nia
c< urt house. The firmer notwiUi
standing his vastly preponderating
strength, wan awaiting reeuforoe
menia. The latter, with only a small
snd overworked army to rely on, wa^
ex pec dug the arrival of troops from
the Shenandoah.
"It must ever remain a marvel bow
this s nail foroe, ill-supplied, overworked
and harassed by oontinual
lighting and maroaing by night and
by day, could hold its ground against
the almost innumerable host In
Grant's command. Time it did to,
inflloting losses f&r heavier than it
sustained and creating a belief la th>mlud
of the enemy of uuaaoera far
larger than it contained, ha* been al
ready shown.
"Two of the three armies or Sljeel,
Meade and Butler hod been fsreed to
week shelter behind f <rtlfied linos. the
third had been brought to a halt to
await rseuf oro^ments.aad the arteries
which aupplled life to the aapitai
of the Confederacy had been praserf
ed."
Of ttie movement to the North
Anna river in the Wilderness cam
paign, lie says; "Hera Lte by the
sxsrolse of ocusummate generalship
foiled hi* opponent." And of the d ial
end of Grant's endeavor to crush La
in this campaign he says: ."After
many battle* and losses of which few
wars oan atf>rd a parallel and which
surpassed in number the whole
strength of the enemy's force. Gen.
Grant had brought his army to a position
which McClcllan had reached
with far greater ease and far less ex
penditure of life two years previous
ly."
From the history of the United
States by the distinguished writer,
Mr. James Ford Rhodes of Boston, I
quote this concerning Lee.
"The Confederates had an advantage
In that Robert E. Lee espoused
their o&uit; to some extent apprecia
ted at the time this is realltv wuh an
advantage beyond computation. Had
be followed tbe exampie of Sott and
Thomas and remained In service under
the old flag In active command of
tbe army of tbe Potomac, bow differ
ently might not events have rnedtu
out.
"Lee now 54 years old, his face ex
hlbltlng the ruddy glow of health,
was physically and morally a splendid
example of manhood. Able to traoe
his lineage far back into the mother
country, the best blood of Virginia
flowed in his veins. Drawing from a
knightly race all their virtues, he had
inherited none of their ytbes. Honest
sincere, simple, magnanimous, for.
i N.
bearing, retinei, courteous yet dignltied
and proud uev.r lacking self
command, he was iu ail res poets a
true man. Graduating from West
P iat tils life had been exclusively
that of a soldier, vet he had none of
the soldiers bad habits. He used
neither liquor nor tobacce and lndul
ged rarely in a scelal glass of wine,
and cared not hing for the pleasures of
the table. He was a good engineer
and under Gen. Seott had won distinction
in Mexioo. The work that
had fallen to his let he had performed
in a systematic manner and with conscientious
care. Duty is the cuoli mest
word in our language,' he wrote
to his son. Sin#erely rellgioua, Provl
dence to him was a vertity, and may
be truly said he walked with God.
"A serious man, he anxiously
watched from his station (.In, Texas
the progress of events sinoe Lincoln's
election.
Thinking slavery as an institution
a moral and politioal evil.' having a
soldiers devotion to his ilag and a
warm attachment to Gen. Scott he
leved the Union and It was especially
dear to him as the fruit of the
mighty labors of Washington. Although
believing that the S juth had
just grievances due to the aggression
of the north, he did noi think these
ovlls grv at onough to resort to the
remedy of revolution and to him secession
was nothing less.
'Still ' ho wrote In January' 1861, a
union that can only be maintained by
sworas ana bayonets and In whtc?i
strife and civil war are to take the
place of b'otherly love and kindness
has no cnarm for me. If the Union
Is diss .lived and the government diH
rupted 1 shall return to my native
State and share the miseries of my
people and save In def nee will draw
my swora on none.' Summoned to
Washington by his chief, Lee had
arrived there a few days before the
Inauguration of Lincoln, aud he had
to make the deotslon after the bombardment
of Sumter and tbe presl
dent's call for troops whether he
should serve ths national government,
or Virginia. The activ 3 command 0
soldiers than those who followed Leo,
and their leader will undoubtedly
rank as, without any exceptions, the
very greatest of all tiie great crptalns
that the English speaking people have
brought forth?and this, although the
last and chief of his antagonists nuy
himself claim to stand as the full
quals,of Marlborough and Willing
ton "
From no more capable source oould
higher praise bt glvsa.
In the ' Story of a Soldier's Life,"
Field Marshal VLseuuat Wolseh y,
oomuoanderin ohlof of tha British
army, speaking of the Ssvsa Days
battls says:
"Glea MoLlellsue's epleadidly squlp
pad army had been d'lveo from toe
podasui* and B?n. Pope had been
made short work of an tho Bnppaiian
rumk. They ware unnbLs to eopa with
Gen Lse's army though it was far in
farlar la strength, la fsat, Wte Geoff
derates had wits all alcm* tbe line,
t ranks to ths ably ?oaoalv^d and well
sacculated strategy of ths groat VI/
giniuta leader and the brilliant tactior.
of Stonawall Jack on and other cap
vble soldiarv aid to the superior tightlng
qualities of their splendid aud pa
triune rank and Ala.
' Tuat campaign was a masterDitoc
both In eor.oeptton and ex cu tori and
did Mgh honor to the uolciierliko spirit
and puriutisn of the 111 shod, over
worked, badly olot'aed re*imental oftioere
and moo of the Southern army.
"According t* my notion of mill
tAry history there is oh much lastruo
Hon both In strategy and in toct4cs to
he gleaned from Gen. Lee's operations
of 1862 as there is to he found in Napoleon's
campaigns of 1790. Though
badly found in weapons, ammunition,
military equipment, his urmy had
nevertneleaa achieved great things
His men were so badly shod (Indeed, a
considerable portion had no boots or
shoes) that at the battle of Ancleta n
Gen. Lee assured mo he never had
in >ro than 35,000 mm with him. The
remainder of his army, shoeless and;
footsore, were straggling along the
roads in the rear trying In vain to
reach him in time for the battle."
Of this visit to Lse Gen. Wolseley
says:
"As I waited outside of Gen. Lee's
tent while his aide de-camp entered
to tell him who I was and to deliver
him a letter from the Confederate
secretary of war, I remarked it had the
name of a colonel of some New Jersey
regiment printed upon it. Subsequent
ly I referred to the fact in oov conversation
with him. He laughed and
said; "You will And every vent, gun,
even our blankets, accoutrements and
all the military equipment we possets
stamped with the (Joked States Initials."
Every Incident in that visit
Is Indelibly stamped on my memory.
All he said to me then and duroi
subsequently conversations Is still
frtsh in my recollection. It is natural
It should be so, for ho was the ablest,
general and to me seemed the great
est man I every conversed with, and
yet I have had the privilege of meeting
Von Moltke and Prinoe Bismark.
"Gen. Lee was one of the few men
who ever seriously impressed and awed
mo with their inherent greatness.
Forty years have come and gone since
out meeting and yet the m&J sty of
his manly bearing, the genial winning
grace, the sweetness of his smile and
the impressive dignity of his old fashioned
stile of dress come back to me
among the most cherished of my recollections.
His greatness mide me
humble and 1 never felt my own Insignificance
more keenly than I did in
his presence. He was then about 50
years of age, with hair and beard
nearly white. Tall, extremely hand
some and strongly built, very soldierlike
in bearing, he looked a thoroughbred
gentleman. Oare had, however,
already wrinkled his brow and there
carhe at momenta a look of eadneee
loco hlN c ear, honest and speaking
dark browu evert that Indicated how
much his overwhelming national re
sp ?nslb.'lictes hid already told upon
him. lie was Indeed a beautiful
character and of him lb might truthfully
bo written 'in righteousness did
he Jud<e and make war ' "
Lieut.-Col. Q. F. R. Henderson,
profe&sor of military art and history
in the StatT cohere of the British
army, In his life of Stonewall Jackson,
says:
"If the names of the great captains;
soldiers and sailors be recalled, It will
be seen that It Is to the breadth of
their strategical conceptions rather
than to their tactical skill that they
owe their fame. We have the strategist,
a Hannibal, a Napoleon or a
Lee, triumphing with inferior num
hers over adversaries who are tactiolans
and nothing more."
In speaking of Lee's audacity In
attacking with a force inferior In
numbers and equipment McClellan's
thoroughly orgauized army In their
intrenohments in the Seven * Days'
battle he sayH.
"From Hannibal to Moltoke there
has been no great captain who has
neglected to study tho character of
ills upp incut and who did nut trad?
on the knowledge thus acquired, and
It wan this knowledge which justified
Lee's audacity. He was no hare oraln
ed leader, but a profound thinker,
following the highest principles of
the military art. That he had weighed
the dlt concerting effeot which the i
sudden appearance of the victorious
Jaoicson, with an army of unknown
strength would produce upon McClellan
Koes without saying,''
A train he writes:
' Lee, with his extraordinary insight
into character, had flayed on
Pope (at Second Manassas and his
r ratify was justified by success. Iu
the space of three weekshe had carried
the war from the James to the
Potomac. With an army that at an
time exceeded 65,000, be had driven <
80,000 into the fortifications of i
Washington. He had captured 30
tfuns, 7,000 prisoners and 20,000 rifles.
He had killed or wounded 13,500 Fed
?rals, destroying suppliee and mater- i
lals of enormous value and all thin
with a loss to the Confederates of 10,- 1
000 < ?rs and men."
If, aa Moltke avers, the junction of
two armies on the field of battle itr
the highrso achievement of military
genius, the campaign against Pop
lias seldom been surpassed; and the
great eounter stroke at Maasaswas is
sufllci nt In Itself to make Lee's repu
Ution as a taotiolac. Tried by this
test alone Lee stands out as one of
Liu- gTMiPHt aoiniers or all time*. Not
only against Popo but against Mc
(Jlellau at Gaines's Mill, against Hum
tde at Froderickburg ai d against
Ho >kor ac Chancellorsvilla, he seoeed d
la osrr> lug out the operator of
which Moltka speaks; and aach case
with thu same result of surprising his
ridveraary. N ma knew better how to
ppiy that gfeat principle of strategy,
to march divided, but to tight oonoen
irated.
the Federal army with the suoocsjion
to theohh f pJaoe was Tirtually olTerfd
to iiim bub with his notion of
State r.tfhtft and his alleglanoa to Virginia
hit deel-lon, though it ci?et him
pain to ui.-iee i , O'juld have been n I
other iliac it whs. He oou d not lead
\a array of Invasion Into his native
3'ate and after the ordinance of secession
had been pixsod bythe Virginia
convention lie resigned his commission
and accepted the command of
the Vi'glnia forces.
1 N irti'ern men may regret that
Lee did not see his duty In the same
light M did two other Virginian,
Scott aud Thomas, but censure's votce
upon t lie ction of such a noble soul
\s hushed A careful survey of his
c laractpr and life must lead the student
of mini and * (Tiirs to see thai
the cour o be look war* from his point
* f view and judged by his Inexorable
aud pure cou-c once the >ath of duty
to wnioh a big i tunse of honor called
him. (Jould we snare the thoughts
of that, high minded sunn as he paced
the broad pillared veranda of his no
ble Arlington hou>?e, l is eyes glano
log aero a the river at the fl vg of his
country, wuvlng over the dome of the
" f.lt.'vl s rr] (Wan ?? 41 "
.1 utiw unt il IJU lilin HOll
f his oativo Virginia ??e should be.
willing a >w to reeognlae in him o?e
of the finest product* of American
life. For Hvireiy as the years go on
we shall sea that' ueh a life oan bv
ju ({wl by no partisan measure, and
come to look upon him as the E-gllsh
of our day regard Washington, whom
little more than a century ago they
delighted to call a rebel. Indeed In
til essential characteristics Lee resemb;ed
Wa-?hlogt< n< and bad the groat
work of his life been orowned with
s'ooess, or he had ehosen the winning
dde, the world would have acknolerlgcd
that Viiglnia could in a century
produce t^o men wno were the embodiment
of public and private virtue."
"The avenging pen of history" has
placed the name of Lee side by side
with Was1 ington. So writes the
historian of t( day and so will the
future historian prolong the noblo
records. The fame of K ?bert Lee is
s cure in fcbat last appeal to:
Time the beautifier of the dead,
Time the corrector where our judg
m >no* errThe
test of truth*
itlow Opou M?tu,
At Forsyth, Gi., the safe of the
Trio M tnufacturlng company was
blown opan at 1.30 o'clock Wednesday
morning. The town's night watchman
was o/erpowered, gaggel and tied by
three masked men and was found
early Thursday morning In a preoarl|
<>ue condition. The burglars got about
11100 In money, but It Is Impossible tjc
estimate at this time the value of pa*
| pen taken and destroyed.
i
NARROW KiSCtP.J
AWPDh PHi;i)ioAMHNr
BOVHN J ON THK SAVANN^?
For Two Hours They Were Suspend
ed on a 8nag in the River
While Launch FiPed.
The Augusta Chronicle says according
to a report made at the police
barracks Tuesday night by Patrolman
Newsome, a boating party given by
Hertha Meigle in honor (f two young
ladies vial ting her, chaperoned by her
mother, Mrs. A. H. Melgle, suffered a
most harrowing experience during the
evening that all but proved fatal for
the entire party, an the result of the
launch being punctured by a snag, the
excursionists being rescued from a
watery grave by the horolo efforts of
Mr. J. P. Ilanklnson and some negroes,
whom lie called to his assistance.
The merry group of young people, a
dozen or more in number, were re
turning from a delightful cruise of
several miles down the,river, which
had been made In Mr. Melgle's beautiful
new launch, the "Kittyhaw,"
and were gaily steaming back to their
destination without a thought of danger,
when the jolly songs upon their
lips were suddenly frozen into cries of
horror when the brave little craft
struck hard upon an uncharted snug.
A hole was torn In the bottom, and
the cold water rushed through the
broach, The gentlemen of the party
rocnl ntnl i? "Af a ? - -l- * - 1?11 *
i v^v/ivi / nuu iaj v* UTK liU UEL11 D116
water out, but It took unceasing effort
on the part of the whole crew to
keep the boat from nettling beneath
the yellow stream.
The river is unusually wide at that
point, and the basin Is now full by
reason of the high waters which havo
prevailed recently. The accident oc
o red at a considerable dlstanoo from
ahore, and none of the exhausted
men, among whom tharo were no expert
Bwimmers, wore equal to the
task jf reaching the bank to secure
aid
For nearly an hour they fought the
cruel water, while the ladles screamed
for help, although some of them
swooned from terror and the efforts
of the others were needed to restore
them All of the ladles were In hysterics,
one was In a dead faint, one of
the men, even, was bordering on hysteria,
and the remainder were able to
offor only feeble realstanoe to the
gradually rising water when suooor
finally came.
The attention of Mr. J. P. Ilankinson,
whe resides at 350 Hay street,
just on the water front, was attracted
to their cries, and a short time
oefore midnight they were reaoued
and conveyed to their homes, being
none the worse for the terrible ordeal
->ave a severe fright and some badly
shaken nerves.
A negro woman, who lives on hi*
plaoe, kne eked at the deor and asked
If he did not hear some one screaming.
He had heard some orles, hut their
distressing future had not been impressed
upon him. Now, however, he
went out to make an investigation,
and following the sound of the voloes
from the terrified occupants of the
boats he soon located them and their
trouble. He secured a oouple of batteaus
and calling to his assistance
some negro men, soon brought them
all safely to land.
Woiiirm Too Ijenlont.
"We want the women of this country
to set a higher standard of res
pectabllllty for men," declared Judge
William M. McKwen In an address
before the Chicago Woman's club the
other day. "At present the women
are too lenient toward and too forgiving
of bad conduct." Judge McEwen
v/as discusMing the possibilities of reducing
crime In the United States,
and bis suggestion that the men be
held to a stricter code of morals was
greeted with applause by the club wo
men. "The crime we have most to
fear," said the speaker, "come from
inorbld conditions in men and boys
who have been depraved by drink,
vloe and drugs. We must try to check
them by working among the younger
generation. Every father shou'd make
a companion and a confidant of his
boy In order that the information
about the functions and duties of life
which he acquired shall notoome from
polluted sources." Toere Is good hard
sense In all that Judge McFiwen says.
If the women would exact & higher
standard of living on the part of the
men It would not bo long before there
would be a great ohange for the better.
|
Wedueil on DuAilibed.
At Wilmington, N. C., with his
life ebbing away, Dr. Rlohard J. Trice
and MUs Elizabeth Wiggins were
married Wednesday morning. Dr,
Price was unable to raise his head and
the responses were uttered In a low
voice. Ha was a sun/Ann in t.ho
Uiiited States army in the Philipaines
and ranks as first lieutenant. While
in the Ptillppines he contracted tuberculosis,
and returned to this country.
For a long time he was at Fort
Bayard, N ;w M jxioo, but recently
returned to his home in Wilmington.
Dr. Pries and the young woman he
married had been engaged for several
years. His death is expected at any
moment.
Two Morn Drooped.
Two more midshipmen of the third
class were dismissed from the naval
academy as a result of the court martial
findings on & charge of hazing,
Seoretary Bonaparte having signed an
order dismissing Midshipman Rloharrl
L. DeSaussure, of the First South
Carolina district, and Midshipman
George H. Melvln, or the Fifteenth
distrlot of Illinois.
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B ? ?COTTON.
Si i i im OM.S COIJNTKY
THAT CAN OltOW COTTON.
The Cotton Growing Associations of
the United Kingdom, Germany
and France Accomplish Little.
The Crop Reporter which Is published
by authority of tho Secretary
of Agriculture, gives us some straight
facts as to the efforts to grow cotton
abroad, In competition with the Southern
States. Tne wnole thing Is a dismal
failure. From original and official
souicos of Information It Is possible to
compile a statement of the production
of commercial cotton in the colonies
of European countries and the bare
statement of the facts shown how lit
tie thore Is to be expected from "colonial
cotton" In new areas as a competitor
of the upland cotton of the Southern
States for many years to oome.
Old cotton areas such a* the British
East Indies, French Iuo *'J llna, and
the Dutch Evst Indies, a.o out of the
problem, although these r?glons arc
included In the accompanying tabular
statements. Excluding the British
East Indies, the production of exports
of cotton for all British colonies, dependencies,
and protectorates (lot ino'uitng
Egypt) amounted In 1001 to
7,670 bales of lint of 500 pounds gross
weight. This is mostly commorolal
cotton, and nearly half of It came
from western Africa, in tho Nigeria
region, The West Indies and British
Guiana contributed 1,626 bales, and
Cyprus and Molta, In tho Mcdlteranean
Sea, contributed 1,463 bales; from
eastern Africa were exported 601)
bales; from oentral Africa and Ugan
da, 642 bales; from southern Africa, 3
bales; and from A ustraltasia, 18 b&lesP
The British colonial orop of 1004
mostly commercial, excluding BrltlHh
EabI ladles, was three times the crop
of 1903. If the entire Increase In all
British colon Ion, exocpt the Fast Indies
is to he accredited to elTorts of
the British cotton manufacturers to
become Independent of the upland
cotton of the United States, which is
not to bo assumed fully, the sum of
the results of the effb t for one year
(1904 amounts to 5 073 bales, and less
than half of this cotton Is at all like
the upland cotton of this country.
A statement for four years has been
prepared for the cotton producing and
exporting ooloniesof Franco. From the
total of these It Is proper to exclude
Frenoh ludo China, which Is not at
all implicated In the problem of pro ducing
cotton in new colonial regions,
and bad a commercial crop of 13,079
500-pound bales in 1003.
Most of the oolonlal grown cotton of
France, outside of Indo-Chlna, Is exported
after ginning. The latest information
obtainable Is for 1903, during
whtoh year as many as 70 bales of
500 pounds grows weight were exported
from French oolonles, and nearly all
of this was exported from Tahiti^
Mayottee exported a little over one
hale and Senegal a little over two
bales. Midagascar has barely more
than half & bale to its credit, and
Guadeloupe less than one bale.
According to the prospectuses of
the German Association of ManufaoI
tursra to promote cotton growing in
1 ItA ... U 1 -1. * *
wiuiuwt, which nave Deen widely
published as accomplished facts, the
quantity of colonial-grown cotton for
commercial purposes might be expected
toexced by far the actually reported
quantities.
The statements with regard to the
German experiments In regions in
western Africa are often extremely
oorlliotlng, althc u <h emenantlng from
professedly trustworthy sources. Tne
! official statements are that In 1904
German East A fricaexported 808 bales
of 500 pounds gross woignt; Togo, 400
bales; or, these two colonies together,
1,307 bales. To tli s may be added the
German colony New Guinea, from
which (Ulsmark Archipelago) 210
bales were exported In 1903. Thus the
cotton exports of German colonies
l amount to 1,007 hales of lint reduced
to the equivalent of 500 pounds gross
weight. German experiments have
been made iu Kamerun and In German
j Southwest Africa, but their success In
I any degree Is still In doubt. A fewcotton
growing experiments have been
made in the Ital.an East Africa colony
of Somalia, but with no detlntte re sults.
Tne Italian colony of Eritrea
exported about eight 500 pound bales
in 1904.
In trie United Kingdom, German v.
and France there are associations of
oottou manufacturers for the purpose
of promoting the production of cotton
in new regions in the oolonies to
these countries, and the total evldoncj
of their accomplishment in 1904 for
the United Kingdom, Germany and
Italy and, in 1903, for France, is as
follows in gross weight bales of 500
pounds each:
United Kingdom 7,670
France , 7ti
| Germany 1,607
Italy 8
Total 9,,'iui \
The above total be far from
making conspicuousTTfjptton*growing
,,.,1,1,1 ? f.. m.-_ - '
vuuuv; IU VJCUI^iA- X (16 average value
per pound of the colonial-exported cotton
at the porta of export is 6 00 oentq^
for France, 6.62 cuts for Germany
and 5.27 cents for Italy. ^
No cotton Is produced In the "West 7
Indian possessions of the Netherlands
and of Denmark, nor In Spanish Africa;
nor, as far as appears, is aay
commercial ootton produod In fie .
Portuguese colonial possessions. The
South Is the only oouatry that oan
grow cotton.
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