The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, February 08, 1894, Image 1
VOL. VIII.
A TILT IN THE HOUSE.
KIKlil) DAY ONTHH INCOMK TAX. !
Northern Deiiioerutn Must Take Their
MihIicIuc?The Southern Members I
Are lloiiiK Tlioir l?ui.v?The I'i'djiIc ,
Are l>cmumliii? the Tux.
Washington, Jan. ?'i0.?The House
very promptly went Into committee of
i-111* wiioiu iu cousiuer me lanu mil j
this morning', having dispensed with I
tho call of committees for reports.
The consideration of the income tax
hill was resumed and Covert, (Dein)j
of New York, took up the thread of
argument against it. He declared
that tlu' hill was extremely sectional
in its provisions and would bear with ,
particular severity on tiie North and |
East.
Cox, (Doni.) of Tennessee, snoko in!
defence of tho income tax.
llartlett, (Dcm.) of Now York, in denouncing
the bill, said it was proposed [
hv ii branch of the Mniiioprnlii' ihii'I.b
which utllliated with the Populist
party and demanded the free coinage
of both gold and silver at the present
ratio.
Late Pence, the Populist member
from Colorado, delivered a stirring and
ringing speech in favor of the income ;
tax. The preceding speaker had characterized
the bill as a Populist measure.
Ile admitted that in the Omaha
convention the Populist party had declared
for a graduated income tax. and i
in lino with that platform he proposed
to otter an amendment to that end ,
when the hill was up for amendment. '
lie; favored a graded tax, beginning
with 1 per cent, on incomes of $2,500 ;
mill riirmimr tin tn :"i not* mi in. I
conies of $100,000 or more.
1'endloton of West Virginia, deliver- ; .
ed nil earnest appeal In the interest of
harmony in the Democratic party. It j
had boon claimed on the other sido of
the House that there was defection in i
tlie ranks of the West Virginia dolega- '
tion, but ho positively ullirmcd that'
while the Wilson hill bore somewhat 1 i
heavily on the products of his State. I
all the representatives of West Virginia.
as well as of Virginia, would <
stand shoulder to shoulder in support ]
of the Wilson hill. And as those States ;
had swallowed the free lumber, free
coal and free iron pills, the Now York <
Democrats should swallow the income I tax
medicine and help the hill through I
its llnal passage. lie predicted that <
when the time came for a final vote, (
not a single Southern Democrat would
he found lurking in the camp of the I
enemy. (Democratic applause.) I -
Johnson, of Ohio, devoted himself to i l
nn elaboration of his free trade and (
single tax theories, the latter presenting,
he said, the only solution to the
labor question. He would vote for the
income tax, hut ho should do it under
protest and as the lessor of the two ?
evils.
Simpson, (l'op.) of Kansas, said that I
the Income tax had been sneered at as j j
a Populist measure, but while the I (
members of that party on the lloor | ,
were few and wore despised on the 1 ,
Democratic side and despisod on the j
Republican side, he predicted that ,
sooner or later the time would come \ t
when the doctrine of tho Populists h
would be advocated, because they were |
right. In conclusion he announced that .
ho was in favor of an income tax lirst, I i
l?..t mw at . 1 -.11 4 l.yv ...U.,4l..v.. ! A ....... I
uiMt mm an txiu i 111m ? wuuniur it was a |
I'opulistic, Democratic or Republican ,
measure. (Democratic applause.)
Cock ran, (Dom.) of Now York, an ,
opponent of tho income tax, was re- ,
cognized. In anticipation of hearing
Cock ran, crowds of people Hocked to
the House and the galleries wore filled.
Cock rail's objections to an income ,
tax were many and varied. It would '
be class taxation, and as such a blow at
the fundamental principle on which
the government was founded. It would .
be inquisitorial, and hence iniquitous.
He believed rich men favored it, boeauso
they would thereby ultimately
gain a larger control of tho governmerit
than they enjoyed to-day. He ,
quoted Democratic authority against !
the proposed tax, and among others
uu i<1 A In v II ^fonlinnu nf Orwuuriti fin.
elared an internal revenue tax indo- i
feasible in this country.
A member: Any kind of revenue !
,1 tax ?
Cock ran : Any kind.
McMillin: Docs the gentleman from ,
Now York advocato now and here the
ronool of the internal rovenuo taxes? j
Cock run : If that proposition was be- '
foro the House 1 would not hesitate to
say yes?not a moment. (Democratic 1
applause.) I would be glud to see every ;
gauger and internal revenue collector
in tlie country turned out of oflieo. I !
have always believed that tho duty of]
this people is to support its govern- j
ment by a tariff levied for revenue
only. On that position I have stood on
this floor, and I continue to stand. 1 1
have yot to discover the man?a son of j
Georgia?who is going to declare that
the teaching of Alexander If. Stephens
is heresy. What gentleman is going
to declare that we have outlived
the leadership of Bayard, Thurman i
and JelTorson V Are wo have now loadv_
ers in the persons of tho gentleman
from Tennessee (McMillin), tho gontleman
from Illinois (Fithian) and the |
genuoman iroin ixeorgiu \,uiving8M>njr i
Are these to bo our new a]>ostlos? Are I
we to go before tli<j people and say :
" Behold our progress ! Seo how the '
Democratic party has grown." (Laugh- ;
tor applause.) Are wo to have a new
gospel preached and to say that we i
have imbibed other doctrines from the !
lights of the Democratic party ? 1 pro-,
test against that change. I protest
against that treason. I ask no privileges
for any class. I object to thorn
all. f demand for every citizen of the '
country equality before tho law. As 1 j
believe in equality of salvation and in
tho love of the Heavenly Father, so I \
stand here now for one policy, one conn- j
try, one law, one God, one Democratic |
faith, ono general prosperity for all the
people, without distinction of class, 1
of wealth, of raeo. (Loud and gen-'
oral applause, which was twice repeated.)
When order was restored, Bryan,
(Dom.) of Nebraska, rose to reply. He
complimented tho oloouonce of Cockran,
but said that tho David pebbles of
truth would be more elTcctive than the
Goliath javelin of error. Continuing,
he said : The objections urged against
tho income tax aro moro numerous
than weighty. Some have denied the
constitutionality of tho incomo tax, but
tho Supreme Court had settled the
question beyond eontrovorsy in tho
Springer case. A very fe v have do
I
nied the justice of an income tax. The j
principle is endorsed by nearly all j
writers on political economy and commends
itself to every unprejudiced
mind. A New York paper contained a
few duys ago a sketch of the richest
woman in the United States with property
WOrth $00,000,000 and an income
of probably more than $3,000,000. She
lives in a cheap boa riling' house and
brings her living expenses within $">00
or $000. Who will say that it is just
that she should pay the same amount
of tax to support the federal government
that is paid by a family with an
income of $.">oo or $000. While this is
an extreme case, it is nevertheless true ,
that a tax upon consumption bears
much more heavily upon the poor than
upon the rich in proportion to their
means.
The main objection which has been
Ill'Ornd uiruiii.it tin. Kill in lliut it K
oxpodient. It is accused of being in- j
quisitorial, but it is no more so than !
custom taxes, internal revenue taxes j
and State taxes. The personal property '
taxes collected in nearly all the States
are far more more inquisitorial than 1
the income tax. It is said that it invites
perjury. This government has
too much important business on hand to
lose time looking after tho morals ?>f
men whose voracity is not worth two
cents on the dollar. The fact that
some may escape the tax is not objee- ;
tionable to the law. It is objected that
this tax will endanger the tariff hill. .
1 am not afraid that any Democratic !
member will refuse to relieve the common
peoplo of the heavy burdens
placed upon them by theMcKinloy bill
fm? will imtiMun ?i liirlif Knmlmi
v* """ " ""J'WWX/ ?.? **5*1V W?I?VII I
by means of an incomo tax upon those
who aro atuply able to bear it.
The close of Bryan's speech was the
signal for vociferous applause, cries of
"vote, vote," and cheering, linincdl-j
utoly after the committee rose and the !
House took a recess until 8 o'clock to-^
night.
There was a much larger attendance
in the galleries of the House at the
night session, and a score of members
were on the floor.
Mr. Coombs, of New York, who is
me of the Democratic opponents of the
income tax bill, arraigned that amendment.
ilendrix, Democrat, of New York,
opposed the incomo tax. The others 1
who spoke for the bill were Dolman.
Democrat, of Indiana, Tucker, Democrat,
of Virginia, Do Armond, Democrat,
of Missouri, Davis, Populist, of
Kansas, and Wheeler, Democrat, of
Alabama. Those who spoke against it
were Lucas, Republican, of South Dakota.
MoCrcary, Republican, of Minnesota,
and llaines, Democrat, of New
York.
PASSIll) ItY Til 15 IIOUSi:.
t
l'lic Income Tax (iocs Through as an
Amend men t to tlie Turin* liilI.
Washington, Jan. .'11.?This was
Lhe last day of general debate on the
tariff bill. It opened in the House
with a fair attendance in the galleries
md rather a slim attendance on the
lloor. After the committees being call-1
3d upon for reports, the I louse went into !
i committee of the whole to consider j
Lho tariff bill.
Tate, of Georgia, offered the first
amendment to the internal revenue:
bill. It proposes to strike out the last!
lbreo sections of the bill which includes
ii tax of $1 a gallon on distilled spirits, .
and also the clauses referring to bonding
of distilled spirits and their withdrawal
from warehouses. This would '
leave the existing law as to spirits in 1
force.
Outhwaito offered the following I
amendment : That on and after the j
passage of this act there shall he |
levied and collected a tax on all dis- ,
tilled spirits produced in the United
States on which a tax is not paid be- j
rnnn ?!...< .1..., ...... ....II..
IWIVJ tllUl W?V| I'UI I IMF I in
wino, whon below proof, SM) cents if
paid within live days after date of dis- I
filiation or entry into bond ; $1 if paid
after five days and within one year, i
$1.10 if paid after one year and within
two years, $1.20 if paid after two years
and within three years, and $1.30 if
paid after four years.
Outhwaito's substitute for the whiskey
sections of the revenue bill was defeated?yeas
42, nays 87.
Bland olYored a substitute ty permit!
distillers at the expiration of the 1
bonded period to pay into the Treasury
tho cost of exportation and importa-!
tion of liquor under the present regulations,
the product to remain in this !
country. This was defeated without
opposition.
Dinglcy, (Rep.) of Maine, offered an
amendment striking out the original
text of the bill the figure 6 where they
occurred, as the time for regauging, I
and insert the figure 3 in each ease.
This would lcavo the law practically as
it exists at present.
Dingley's amendment was carried?
81 yeas to 7f> nays. Tellers were asked
for and on this vote the amendment
was again carried?10f> in tho nHirma- 1
tivo and 8(1 in tho negative. This is
the first and only amendment, which ,
tho Republicans have succeeded in incorporating
in the bill. The amendment
offered by Tate, striking out the ;
last threo sections of tho bill, thus
leaving the law as to spirits as at pros- j
ont, as amended by Dingley's amend-1
incnt, was voted on, after the chair- i
man had, with some difficulty, made !
t.lio nni'st ion ( hull' to Tfouun Tt. 1111
poured that should the amendment be '
adopted it would leave the period of ,
bond at three years while raising the j
tax from W) cents to $1. The amendment
was lost.
A number of amendments were rapidly
offered, some in the nuturo of sub- '
stitutes, and a bad parliamentary tangle
resulted. When this was straightened
out only one of the amendments
had gone through to adoption?extending
the operations of the law to the distilled
spirits in bond at the time the
law should go into off cot.
Tucker, of Virginia, offered an
amendment to the inoomo tax section
oi uio 0111. excluding irom its operati?n
oharitablo institutions and cor|
poratiops and organizations doipg business
in the States not for profit. The
amendment was agreed to.
Whiting, Democrat, of Michigan, offered
ono amendment to the wine
sohedulo of tho tariff bill proper, fixing
the duty on stilled wipes at 30 cents
per gallon when below 14 per cent, alcohol
and at 50 conts when abovo. Also
exomptipg the bottles or jugs from
duty. Agreed to.
Dynum, Democrat, of Indiana, offered
a committee amendment deducting
J. \
CONWAY, S C
from the calculated income of farmers
and stock raisers the amount expended
in the purchase or production of such
product or production, which was
agreed to.
Springer, Democrat, of Illinois, offered
an amendment providing that inheritances
of property should ho subjected
to the provisions of the income
tax.
It,'.,...,, n...,u> l
I 'J I1MIII, nil" Ull , IM I llUldlltl, UIU I I'U
an amendment to this amendment including
in the enumeration of incomes
everything received by gift, devisoil or
inheritance. After some discussion
both amendments were adopted.
Among the llood of amendments that
failed of adoption was one offered by !
Maguiro of California, striking out all
the provisions of the bill relating to j
taxes on incomes, and in lieu thereof
providing for a direct tax of $.'11,1111.12f>
of apportionment among the States, ;
and also for a direct tax on land values.
The following were the only tnom- '
hers who voted for it : Johnson, of '
Ohio, Maguire, of California, Warner,
of Now York, llarter, of Ohio, and
Simpson, of Kansas. The internal
revenue bill was then agreed to as an i
amendment to the tariff hill by a vote j
of 175 to 50.
Among the Republicans who voted
in favor of tlio amendment were White,
of Ohio, Rowers, of California, Taylor, ,
of Tennessee, Rartholdt, of Missouri,
and llundy, of Ohio. The entire New
York delegation voted solidly against
it. Croat cheering and appiause greeted
the result. Wilson, of West Virginia
then offered an amendment to increase
the tariff on bailey from 'JO per |
cent, to 25 percent., and on barley malt |
from 110 per cent, to ll."? percent.
Several amendments were offered to j
Wilson's amendment, and the lilibus- i
tering which was started late last Sat- j
urday afternoon on the sumo question,
was renewed. The opponents of a j
niyner uuty on barley were unit- to lilibustor
away tho ten or fifteen minutes
which remained before the recess,
Wilson limilly moved .that debate be
closed, and a vote was finally taken on
this last motion, but although tho Republicans
and some of the Democrats
rushed to yet between the tellers, the
hour of 5.30 arrived before a quorum
bad voted, and the House went into re- |
eess, and the barley schedule ayain
went over.
Mr. Talbert. of South Carolina, was ,
one of the speakers at the eveniny sea- i
sion last niyht, but the reporters aeei- I
dentally omitted testate the fact. Talbert
made an earnest appeal to tho j
committee to vote for the income tax j
amendment. 1 lis remarks, thouyh brief,
were strony and forcible, lie was for j
the masse, as ayainst the classes.
THIS It ATT 1,10 IS WON.
The Final Debate on the (*reat t^uest
ion oi' I lie Day.
Washinoton, Feb. 1.?The interest
in the closiny hours of the tarilT debate ,
was shown this morniny in the attend- ]
anco at tlie 1 louse.
At 10o'clock the yalleries were tilled
with spectators althouyh the session 1
did not beyin until eleven, and it would
be thirty minutes after that hour be- ,
fore Mr. Ueed, of Maine, could speak.
The public yalleries were thrown open
at nine o'clock and within five minutes
they were packed to sulToeation.
Meanwhile the corridors in the vicinity
of the private yalleries were
tilled with an expectant crowd, in
which ladieschiefly predominated, and
when these were opened it was soon
that their capacity was not sufficient to
accommodate a fraction of those pros- |
ent.
It was a miscellaneous crowd in more |
senses than one, for it contained, in addition
to the usual number of respect- |
able siyht-sccrs, certain representatives
of tho 1 iyht-linyered yentry.
One of the vietimsof tho pickpockets
was xviajor vvuson, messenger oi tho j
House agricultural conimitteo. Major
Wilson escorted Mrs. Hatch, wife of |
Representative Hatch, of Missouri, to
tho nioinbors' gallory. and when ho re-'
turned to the floor he was minus his
watch and chain, which had boon deftly
abstracted during his brief absence
fiom the committee room.
The members were slow in gathering,
and when the gavel fell not more
than a score of representatives were
on the floor.
Mr. Reed put in an appearance at a ;
quarter to II. As his portly figure elbowed
its way through the crowd of
pages, messengers and others grouped
about the Speaker's desk, ho was recognized
by the spectators in the galleries,
who rose to their feet and cheered
him wildly. Mr. Rood wore his con- !
volitional suit of black, and his 1'rince
Albert coat was tightly buttoned.
He woro a scarf of bright color, !
which relieved somewhat the sombre- j
ncsB of his attire, lie seemed embarrassed
by the plaudits of the multitude j
and, handing his top coat nervously to
to a page, hastily loft tho floor and
sought tho seclusion of a private cor- j
rider in the roar of the chamber. He j
did not reappear until tho session beit??
n
h
A genorous round of applause greeted
the arrival of Crlap, who euino in at II
o'clock, and immediately ascended to
the Speaker's chair.
Mr. Wilson, chairman of the ways
and mcuns committee, was reported
this morning to be in a very nervous
and exhausted condition, us a consequence
of his severe labors in connection
with the preparation of the
tariff bill during the past four months,
lie spent a restless night and is sutYering
from a severe cold. It is his purpose
to start within a few days for the
City of Mexico, his expectation being
that a change of scene and rest will
restore him again to health.
Immediately after the reading of
1 yesterday's journal, Mr. Lock wood
made tho point of no quorum. The
| roP was called, disclosing tho presence
of 221 members.
Tho House went into a committee of
the whole and took up the question
pending, when it adjourned yesterday,
Sir. Wilson's motion to close tho debate
on tho barley amendment, and the
Houso divided. Mr. Wilson ?. M Mr.
Warner, of New York, then took their
places as tollers, and the motion was
agreed to, 17b in tho alllrmative, none
in tho negative.
The question then recurred on tho
amendments to tho barly schedulo
offered late yesterday afternoon.
Thoso were amendments by Mr. Wilson,
raising tho duty on barley from
20 per cent, to 25 per oont., and on
, THURSDAY, FEBRl
I
1 barley malt from 2") per coat, to .'10 per
I COIlt.
Mr. Tracy of Now York, had offered
i an amendment to this raiding the duty
011 hai'loy to .'ft per cent.
At 12 o'clock the committee rose, and
the tariff hill, with amendments, was reported
to the House, and Mr. Heed, of
Maine, took the llnor ill nmuivit i,.n
it, amid loud cheers.
Mr. Ltced concluded his remarks at
1:112, atnid deafening applause and
cheers from the galleries and niembers
on the floor.
Mr. Crisp's appearance at the desk
of Mr. Clark, of Missouri, ami his recognition
by the presiding ollicer, Mr.
Hatch of Missouri, was the signal for
applause and cheering equalling in its
intensity the enthusiasm which greeted
Mr. Heed. As betook his stand,
the lloating population of the House
drifted over to the Democratic side
and stood about in the aisles around
Mr. Crisp.
Mr. Crisp said that ho was embarrassed
by the feeling that he would bo
unable to moot the expectation of his i
friends, but under the rules of the i
House, ho was permitted to speak in
answer to the argument to which they
had just listened. Conceding that the
cause of protection had been promoted
by its strongest advocates, he would
address himself to the task of showing
that that policy could not bo maintained
consistently with justice and the
rights of the pooplo of the United
S tail's.
Mr. Lteed had pointed out the pros- i
perity and high rate of wages which
had been reached in this country, and
said that it was duo to protection. Hut
ho gave no reason in proof that they
wore due to protection. Mr. Crisp
said that this form of argument had
been met and overthrown years ago hy
the gentleman from New York (S. S.
Cox), from whose well known speech
on the topic Mr. Crisp quoted.
Mr. Wilson closed the debate. Wilson
finished his speech amid great
enthusiasm, and after his eloquent peroration.
men threw up their hats and
women their handerehiefs, and he was
carried on the shoulders of Hryan, of
Nebraska, and Tucker, of Virginia.
The first amendment was that proposed
hy Mr. Wilson to make the duty
on barley malt 110 and 115 per cent,
respectively.
Mr. Turner offered a substitute,
making the duty -2 1-2 and 22 1-2. It
was rejected?112 to 177.
Washington. I). C., February 2.
The unparalleled ovation given to
Chairman Wilson yesterday is still
the consuming subject at the capital.
The fact that he was borne to the
cloak room on the shoulders of his admiring
colleagues and the unqualified
enthusiasm displayed was as much
a compliment to his personal character
and attainments as the eloquence of
his language.
The triumphant majority with
which the tariff hill was passed and
the fervor displayed by the almost
united Democracy in passing it, will
do much, it is believed, to help the
hill in the Senate. That body is the
last place of assault for the cohorts of
protection. They have taken fresh
courage sinco Senator Herman's speech
of a few days hack, stating that the
Senate would reform the hill that came
from the House.
The remarkable exhibition of yesterday,
however, by the representatives
who come fresh from the people must
undoubtedly have its effect.
It will probably be two weeks before
the hill gets its proper place on the
Senatorial calendar, and discussion is
commenced.
- - ?
III-: DIDN'T <;<? TO CANADA.
A Hank Cashier who IMayetl I lie Itolc
of Burglar.
A special dispatch to the Savannah
Morning News from Kllaville, (in.,
says :
l'he shock to the people of Kllaville
was great wiieti it was announced on i
Monday morning that the I Mantel's' i
Hunk had been burglarized and rob- i
bed of all its money, but it was notli- t
in# in comparison to the olTeet upon I
them when it was generally known at I
f> o'clock yesterday afternoon, that i
Cashier J. 10. Clark, who was esteemed
so highly by all the people, was most ]
probably the perpetrator of the crime.
lOarly this morning he went to the
nearest drug storo and procured a half <
an ounce of laudanum, pretending that i
ho wanted for toothache, which be <
swallowed as soon as he reached bis <
room. He was shortly afterward interviewed
by three prominent bank
ofllcials, to whom he confessed that ho ;
had taken the money and that the
laudanum was taken with suicidal intent.
An emetic was at once adminis- i
tered and the poison promptly expelled.
Detective Jones from Atlanta has
been here for the past two days work
ing tlio case up, and within loss than
four hours after In; arrived, ho pointed
out Cashier Clark as the robber of the
bank.
About 10 o'clock yesterday a. in., a
bat? of silver was found among a pile
of rubbish in the back part of the bank
building and showed no signs of having
been burned by any kind of explosive,
j The six steel plugs which project into
the solid wall of the safe when fastened
were uninjured, nor was the safe
harmed in any respect, except that
the door Aas blown from its hinges.
. These facts led to the conclusion that
; Cashier Clark had removed the money,
j filled the powder, placed his fuse in
, position, closed, but not fastened, the
door and then applied the match, which
conclusions are thought to be true by
j Clark's confession. Tho holos drilled
; into the outer door of the vault and
into the safe door were put there as a
blind. Tho tools used were found at
Clark's direction in the bottom of an
old well near the depot. Something
over $1,000 has boon found, $3,<i00 <>f
J which was in Clark's pocket and
; trunk. Speculation on cotton futures,
i I M....U ?UIM I 1.1.-. ?i
I \j>< i i\ liiitnun, l iiiiacu hum III IIIUKI! WilV
j with about $3,500 and ho adopted this
' plan to ooncoal it. His parents livo
In Americus, Ga.
?Senator Gorman, chairman of the
Democratic Senatorial caucus, has api
pointed the following Senators as inemI
bors of the Democratic campaign committee:
Matt W. Hansom, of North
(Carolina, Charles J. Faulkner, of West
i Virginia, James K.Jones, of Arkansas,
George Gray, of Delaware, John L.
I Mitchell, of Wisconsin, Samuel I'asco, |
of Florida, Edward Murphy, Jr., of!
I New York, James Smith, Jr., of Now
I Jersey, and S. M. Whites, of California. I
FARY 8, 1894.
WHY NEWMAN RESIGNED.
Till'. ilK >1 IIIils IN I'IjF.MMON COI.i,i,<a:.
'1 lu% Professor of Aui'lciill mr IVIIm
llit> Story of Ills departlire-llo
llrinus (inures Against (aovcritor \
Tillman.
Atlanta Constitution.
Professor .1. S. Nowntun, u fonnor
resident of tliiseitv ntul one of tin* West
known uduentors in tlio South, lias re- ,
. M^ucu me cutiir <>i agriculture 111
Clemson College, S. C., and will a^ain
take up his residence in this city.
Clemson college is the outgrowth
of the old Calhoun estate. Tho plauta- 1
tion was donated for this speeilie purnose
by Mr. Clemson, who married
the daughter of tho grout nullitior,
and who has sought in this way to
preserve the memory of Mr. Calhoun.
The circumstances of Professor Newman's
resignation will he of interest.
It appears that, on account of alack I
of harmony on the part of the faculty ;
of the institution, the resignation of
Professor Newman was requested.
Acting on this information, and !
knowing that Professor Newman had
just reached the city, a re present a- :
Live of The Constitution called to see1
him at his country home near Kdgewood.
Ho was found in 11??? neighborhood of
the residence, where ho was superintending
tho adjustment of his furni- l
Luro and agricultural implements,
lie invited tho reporter intotho house,
where scats were provided in the
front room. The interview throughnit
was cordial and pleasant, and
though every now and then interrupted
by the cai'penters at work, was in
the highest decree full and satisfae-|
Lory.
" I went, to South Carolina,'' said :
I'rofessor Newman, beginning his ae- !
ount of the eireuinstanees leading up
,o his resignation, "several months
lie fore the opening of the college as
superintendent of the farm and exlorimcntal
station. When the college
ipened on the tlth of last July I was
ailed to the professorship of agricul- i
...... ...i.i..... i. !
'MI^I 111 U\lVllll?/ll III J \*l/III" I ? III l\ , I
1'ho college opened under the most j
'uvorable auspices, III) students beintf j
mi rolled. An able faculty, in spite of'
i very incompetent president, sue;ecded
in organizing a thorough collegiate
department. Lieutenant Donaldton,
of the United States army,
irganized the military department.
"The president, Mr. Craighead,
uivin^ had no experience, was deponlent
upon the faculty for organizing
ind currying on the atTairs of the inititution.
In addition to his olliee as
11*1 ?wi( li 'lit Itii w! i vi ?iluii niiitin
>f tho station iii order that $1,500 of
lis salary might bo drawn from the
Hatch fund. Tho business of the colore
and station was at first entrusted
,o an oxoetivo committee appointed
'roni tho board of trustees and the
loard of eontrol of tho experimental
station. Tho president, however,
jontrived by working through Coverlor
Tillman to soeuro in his own right
hose functions of the board, which ho
succeeded in doing last September,
flic board failed to define tho duties of
die president in regard to tho directordiip
of tho station, and, having had no
lequaintanee with the work, he enJ
rely misapprehended his relations to
.In* station and assumed all the details
>f*tho farm and experimental work
ivithout the least deference to tho head
>f t bat department.
" I protested against this invasion
ind told Mr. Craighead bis policy was
aleulated to injure, if not to coinlietely
disorganize, the department of
.vhieh I was the bead. It was not the
business of the director to interfere
with tho details of the different delartmonts
of the station, such as ag iculturo,
horticulture, chemistry and
biology. His business was that of a
general supervision of the whole work
ind to co-ordinate the several departments
of the institution. His rela
dons to the different deparmcnts wore
similar t<? those of an ordinary college
president, referred to the different
professorships represented in
the faculty."
' Did lie interfere with other departments
?" the question was asked.
" No other one except the military,
lie caused the commandant a grout
leal of annoyance and hampered him
in various ways while in the discharge
11f his duty. Ilis invasion of the agricultural
department was no douht
prompted by a porsonal grudge which !
he entertained towards myself. 1 had :
given him no cause for animosity he-|
yond the proper discharge of my duty j
and the good reputation which I
enjoyed throughout the State in con- j
nection with the college, much to his !
regret and private jealousy.
" Finally, as a result of this feeling 1
of prejudice entertained towards me, ;
^ raigneuu goes u> a meeting 01 the |
hoard at Columbia, S. C.
"Thero, in a socret session, and pro-1
tooted by closed doors, ho brings1
charges against mo, claiming that I
had caused a breach of harmony in the
faculty Governor Tillman, hoing a i
member of the board, and, for political
reasons, wishing to apply the
hatchet to my head, acquiesced in the
spirit entertained hy the president. .
The matter was discussed, in the
gravest secrecy, and as a rosult of
these deliberations, without the '
slightest opportunity given to present
my own side of the case, 1 was notitied
that my resignation would he ac- .
eepted.
" Have you any reason for supposing
that South Carolina politics had any- J
thing to do with the action of the
hoard ?"
"I do. You will perhaps remember,
as the matter was given some
publicity, that Mr. Tillman black
mailed lion. M. L. Donaldson. at that
time prosident of the State Farmers'
Alliance. Colonel Donaldson wan chairman
of the board of control of the experimental
station, and I was thrown
much with him in an official capacity.
It was reported to ino, in consequence
of several speeches which I mado by
invitation, tnat Governor Tilfman had
threatened to use his littlo political
hatchot upon my head.
"Seven members of the board are
lifo members and six are elected by
the legislature. Two of those latter,
not in accord with Governor Tillman
in politics, and my friondt^ woro not
re-olectod. It was necessary to drop
those two members in order to secure
a majority of tho board, and prevent
an examination of the charges as I
wished. When the Ixuml met, on the |
10th of last .lumiury, I addressed them
a let ter, stutiug that their secret mooting
had dono luo a threat injustice and 1
asking for a thorough investigation, j
I was assured hy the board that no
fault had been found with my work, j
either as professor of agriculture, or
as agriculturist of the experimental
station, but I was not satisfied. Later
on seeing that I was determined, a
few silly reasons wore hutched out,
showing the mean spirit of opposition
which was inspired by prejudice and
envy. When <I was linallv admitted
to the hoard I answered their charges
in a full and thorough manner. I
charged them with having acted in a
very unbecoming manner, ami without
according mo tho commonest courtesy
duo an American citizen."
In speaking of tho president of the
collude Professor Newman went on to
say that he secured the otllco hy electioneering,
and his policy was fraught
with ?rrcnt disaster to the institution.
As a professor in the collece, ho himself
refused to say anything of the
treatment which had hoen accorded
him, and would not allow himself to
be interviewed. Tho president was
absolutely inronmoiont ? n.< im.i >..
it I?>ii of discipline ami knew more about
the Haver of hiscigar, which he pulled
iu his otlieo, Mian lie did of tho college
over which lie presided, and the sole
cause of the crusade .which the president
had made against him. was the
desire to got liini out of the way, and
thus rid himself of the services of one
whose identification with the college
and the station was a matter of pure
jealousy.
I'rofessor Newman, having returned
to Atlanta, where several years of his
past life were spent., will devote himself
to agricultural employment, and
a largo part of his time will he occluded
in literary work. He left
Atlanta in 188.'!, and since that time,
for nearly eleven years, he has resided
in the states of Alabama and South
Carolina. lie says that lie has now
como hack to Georgia to live, lie will
make his home in J'ldgowood, where
he will he surrounded by a largo
tract of land, and will cultivate fruits
and llowors and other products of the
Hold.
IN COM II TA X IN (alt CAT I 111 IT AI N\
How it Has Worked in Tliat Country !
Ibr a Cent tiry.
An income tax was established in
Croat Britian in 1708. This lirst tax
foil upon incomes in proportion to
their amounts, hut this was changed
by the second act, passed in 1700, and
thorcaftor tho tax fell upon tlio entire
ineonio, ?00 being exempt, and reduced
rates being charged on incomes ranging
from ?00 to C'JOO.
The tax was repealed in 1810, hut
was revived in 1812 by Sir llobort Fool
to meet a deficiency and to enable the
government to make some needed reforms.
The situation in (treat Britain
then was not unlike that, which
now confronts this country, hut Sir
llobort I'col's proposal to provide tho
government with funds by an income
tax was not mot by the intimation
that its revivors were communists, as.
the like proposition is received here
by porso is who care more for escaping
taxation than for tlio justice or fairness
of tho tax, and who arc opposed to
all "class legislation " except such as i
il Su/HM in i t\o tou twminul 4
....... Iiuiiutv. o 11^(1111.11 tin |HIIM".
For more than fifty yearn thin tax , 1
has heen levied without serious op- j 1
position from the people. In 1H7I, us
has boon stated, Mr. Gladstone thought
that the government could get on
without it, hut the Commons did not
urge its repeal and the matter was 1
changed and Sir Stafford Northeote I
reduced the rate to two-pence in the
pound. One great virtue of the tax is
that the rate may be varied with the
needs of the government without disturbing
business. Since IK7<> it was
advanced to soven-penee, which is the \
rate for thisyflar. Jn 1MKI and in
it was down tonne penny.
in lH7h the exemptions wore inereas- j
cd. This was also the work of Sir
Stafford Northeote, who, being a eon- j
servativo finaneior, may bo assumed j
to have faithfully represented the
large property interests whose burdens
were increased by dimishing the
burdens upon small incomes. Under
existing law, incomes to ? 1 f>0 are
exempt, and an allowance of C120 is
made on incomes between t*lf>0 and
C100. The incidence of the tax is at :
the source of the income?that is, tho J
tax on the income derived from ilmrnu.
for example, is paid by tho corpora- '
lion and deducted from the shareholders'
dividends.
The experience of Great Britain
with the income tax has been such as
to recommend a return to it by this
country. There is little complaint
there of the inquisitorial character of
the tax. And it is tho belief of the
tax authorities that few people try to
escape its burdens.
The yield of the tax in IHD.'l was tl.'i8511,016
or more than $60,000,000.
SiMl'lk Mkans.?A well was to bo
cleaned, but the man who had undertaken
the job was afraid to ^o down
until he had tested the quality of air
at the bottom. lit; lot down a lighted
candle, and when it was about six feet
from the bottom, it went out as suddenly
as if a whiff of wind had struck
it.'
That told the man all he needed to
know. The well was full of poisonous
tfas. He took a small umbrella, tied a
string to the handle, and lowered it.
open, into the well. Then he drew it
up. carried it a few feet from tho well,
and upset It. This operation ho repeated
twenty or thirty times, with
| tho bystanders, who are never absent
on such occasions, all laughing at him. |
; Alter thin, ho lot down another
oandlo. It burned clearly, even at tho
bottom. He fere going down to bin
| work, he1 explained to those who had
\ been making fun of him that the
gas In tho woll was carbonic acid gas,
' which is heavier than air, and therefore
could bo drawn up in an umbrella,
as if it had boon so much water.
?Religious societies appear to be
making a systematic tight on whiskey
and boor and desire to tax thoso articles
to such a degree as to make them
prohibitory luxuries, l'otitions wore
presented last week in tho United
States Senate by Cullom and others
praying that tho internal revenue tax
on these articles may be trebled in
the now tarifft
?
?
f
NO. 30.
THIRD MAROn CONVENTION
Til K AliLIWIK liKADKIlSI'ilN
SIIAKKN.
Tlic I'eople art* Nuid to Favor un
Marly Movement?Tho Call Will
Soon he Issued.
The State, Fob. 1st.
The Alliance faction of tho Itoform
party have not tho slightest Idea of
abandoning their intention of holding
an early convention to make nominations
for State olllces. The leaders on
their side are displaying their determination
in a calm and dellbtirato manner.
Their talk indicates that they
are absolutely sure of their {{found and
seems to show that they have not the
slightest fear of Senator Irby's comblnat
ion.
I ** I * I kill U* lillt iMI It luitl- li<? uuontduSnefl
there seems to l>o no doubt whatever
that the early convention, to bo called
by Mr. Shell and hie committee, will
he held, and it in believed that the cull
will very soon he Issued. The men
who are leading' thin faction know in
advance what each Alliance in the
State is going to say, and thus it is
that they are so' sure of their ground.
The following leading article along
this lino will appear to-day in the
Cotton I'luut, the recognized organ of
the Alii unco- He for nun's. While it is
calm it means a groat deal and duriug
the next week it will bo hoard from :
" As time passes and the ambitions
of men begin to come to the surface we
see the necessity of an early convention
of Keformors clearer than ever.
As this matter, the greatest danger ?o
our cause, comes when the ambitions
of men clash?and when their friends
take sides and turn harmony into discord,
the personality of the men become
oaramoioit. to nil ?>luo nml innim.
ures iiro obscured by the excitomcat of
a personal light.
" To prevent all this and to have the
will of the people supremo in our State
we have urged the calling of a March
convention, in which the people could
speak their will?and their voice would
be obeyed by all cheerfully. Letters
received from all parts of the State
convince us that wo were right in our
interpretation of the wishes of our people
and the reasons we gave wore satisfactory
to thorn, and all that remains
to ho done Is for the people to speak
their wishes through mass meetings in
each community.
"The only reason given yet against
holding a preliminary convention of Reformers
worthy of notice is the one
given by Governor Tillman in his interview
in the daily papers of the 2oth
inst. lie takes the position that one
of our demands in IS'.M) was the holding
of a State primary in which our people
could vote for Governor and other State
ollieers, after a campaign in which the
candidates discussed the issues before
the people, and that to hold a March
or spring convention would l>e inconsistent
on our part. Others agree with
the Governor in this view. At first
blush-* it looks plausible enough, but
those holding that evidently fail to see
the actual situation.
" We have no dirocb primary now,
and the people, when voting, can only
vote, for delegates representing a candidate.
Take a county that has twelve
delegates in tin- State convention, and
suppose there will l>e live Reform candidates
for Governor ; there would be
just sixty Reform candidates for delegates.
And then would come in the
complications with the numerous canll
iflut <** f<?r Sit.il nlllmipu vuliinli
upon tins way for an endless amount of
trading and log-rolling that would bo
certain to leave us in the soup.
" Wo boliovo in a primary where the
citizen can vote directly for his ehoice,
but until we get that we must take the
course from irreparable injury.
"The interest we take in the matter
is impersonal and solely because wo
are satisfied that it is our duty to advocate
the policy that will prevent the
Alliance demands boing side-tracked,
as they would be in a general scramble
for ofllce under the circumstances outlined
ubovo. Wo, as all others, are
anxious to obey the people's wishes.
Five counties have spoken in favor of
an early convention, and one opposed,
and all the other counties should hold
mass meetings at as early a day as
possible and let their views be known.
"Our views as to who should call
the convention, is also generally concurred
in. The executive committee
of the Farmers' Association is the only
body that has been chosen by the Ueformers
and they could not be accused
of partiality to any candidate. Objection
on that ground would be made to
any voluntary committee.
' Call a mans meeting In your county
at once, and speak out."
Oimgin ok Mugwump.?It la claimed
that the word " mugwump " is.a
corruption of tho Indian Algonquin
word ' mugquomp," meaning 44 great
man." leader, chief, and is an American
nickname applied to voters who
hold themselves superior to party ties
and obligations. Tho word first made
its way in John billot's translation of
the Bible into Indian. Tho word lingered
in New blngland and beeamo colloquial
for a man of consequence, or
rather one who deemed himself such,
in 1840 an Indiana paper applied tho
term to tho hero of Tippecanoe. But
it was not till tho Blaino-Clovelund
campaign that 44 mugwump" in
its present acceptation passed into current
speech. After tiio nomination,
an 44 Independent Republican" movement
originated in Boston and was at
once taken up in other places. Tho
New York Sun characterized them as
44 mugwumps," and it has since been
applied to tho men and methods of tho
independent movement.
?Tho effort to repeal the tax on State
bank circulation his been beaten in
the committee on banking and currency
by a vote of 8 to U. The vote
was taken on the bill of Rep rose ntatativo
Cox, of Tennessee, which
relieves State banks from any tax on
their circulation, but does not extend
relief to eirculatiou issued by private
individuals or corporations. The
result is regarded as cutting off the
possibility of favorablo State bank
legislation in the present Congress.
After taking the adverse vote, motions
wero carried to reconsider and then to
lay on tho table, which permanently
disposes of tho bill.
?Representative \V. C. Oates has
announced himself as a candidate for
Governor in Alabama. Kolb is running
on the Joffersouian Democratic
ticketf