The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, February 01, 1894, Image 4
THR DKMOClt.YTN ARE FIRM.
The Tariff Illll In ljik.clv to 1'iimm the
House Practically I'nchRnKPtl?
Fight Sol Wit lie* Wilson's Forces.
Speoial to the New York World.
Washington. Jan. 21.?The pAssage
of tho Wilson tariff reform bill,
in practically its present form, is as
nearly assured an anything In the lino
of political legislation can ho assured
until it is accomplished. The strug(fle
of the past ten days in the House
las resulted simply in solidifying the
Democratic majority and exposing tho
weakness of the Republican opi>osition.
The bill itself remains unchanged,
except as tho committee of
ways and means has itself amended it.
ITpou only one vote has there been any
indication that Chairman Wilson hud
behind him unvthing less than u great '
majority of ids own party in tho |
House. That was on tho proposition |
wj bi-ttusiur sieei ratiH to the free list,
upon which the Democrats who voted
divided about equally or with a slight
majority in favor ol tho proposition.
The votes of the Rci)ublicans went for
a tax on rails, and so the committee j
was sustained. The committee has ;
been beaten upon but one vote since
the debate began, and then it was by
Republican votes, the Republicans
joining with the Populists and radical
freo-tradors to prevent the postponement
until Aug. 1 of the taking effect
of the free-wool clause.
There still remains a full work of
discussion and several amendments
which may probably give tho committee
more trouble than any that
have yet been offered. Tho first of
these will Ik* upon the sugar schedule, ,
which is to Ik* considered for three
hours to-morrow morning. This is a
soro spot in the bill for the Democrats, j
owing to tho position of the Louisiana
and other Southern members the interests
of whose constituents are so
bound up in the sugar industry. It
has been anticipated that tho income
tux question would Ik* injected into
the discussion here, but us tho v/liolo j
tiling must bo disposed of in three j
hours it is probable that tho debate ;
will bo confined chiefly to sugar itself.
It is equally probable that the
schedule will stand as it is, unless the
committee itself makes some change.
Chairman Wilson has succeeded in
impressing upon the majority a realization
of tho fact that a tariff bill is a
very complicated thing, and that for
the House to change one item, or one
clause, will probably involve a dozen
other chunges and complicate and
confuse the whole affair. This argument
ho has urged successfully against
Democratic attempts to change the
iron schedule, the woolen schedule and
the cotton schedule, and there is no
reason to doubt that he will be equally
successful in the matter of the sugar
schedule.
After the sugar question is disposed
of, an entire day has Ikhui set aside j
for tho coal and iron ore schedules.
Mr. Hitt's amendment to establish
reciprocity with Canada in the matter
of coal is tho only one that thus far
promises serious work for this day.
It is more than likely that Mr. Wilson
would not object to that amendment
himself, providing it did not lot the
bars down for a general reciprocity
scheme. There will still remain four
days for general debate and amendment
under tho live-minute rule, and
much opportunity for mischief, should
tho ranks of the majority onoo become
broken. Of the possibility of this, I
however, there is no Indication.
The significant thing brought out by j
the debate thus far is the steadfastness
of the Democratic majority to the
idea of tariff reduction. The whole i
tendency of tho Democrats is towards
even greater reduction than tho !
Wilson bill makes. It is only tho re- j
straining hands of Chairman Wilson
and some of his associates upon the
committee that prevent the majority
from carrying the reduction idea to 1
longtlis that would horrify tne Republicans,
and probably, when the rohults
bocamo apparent, themselves.
If these men are not wofully mistaken
as to the temper of their constituents,
the greatest danger thnt threatens
tho Democracy from tariff legislation
is that it wib not reduce the tariff
enough. On tho part of a majority or
iiunny u majority 01 mo Democratic
"members there is apparent a constant
irritation and iin{)atience at ttio slight
reductions made hy the' bill. Tins
feeling is kept from formal voting expression
only hy tho confidence which
is reposed in tho judgment of tho committee,
which declares that after careful
investigation it boliovos that
greater reductions cannot at once Ikj
safely made.
This statu of atTairs places the Democrats
at a great disadvantage in tho
debate. They are compelled to light
for half a principle. Their logic must
bo the logic of necessity and not of
economies. There is no chance for
them to cut loose and stand up for all
they think and Indieve, because the
bill they support would give the lie to
their arguments. Abstract oratory on
tho robbery of protection and tho infamy
of u tariff they must leave to
the Populists, tho Champ Clarks and
others whoso utterances are unbridled
by legislative responsibility. Tho Democratic
leaders must deal with tho
concrete facts of established industries
and vested moral rights which an incautious
phrase or figure might ruin.
As one of them put it in a speech the
other day, "It is much harder for tho
Democrats in this turilT matter to do
justice than it was for the Republicans
to do injustice." To raise a turilT
directly benefits tho specific persons
or interests affected and injures only
tho people at largo. To lower a tariff
directly injures specific persons or intitl'DUtw
nnH )u??w?fUu <mlu * lw?
MMM wiivuvn Will V till; |iUU|liU ill;
lurge. The people at largo are slow to
realize indirect Injuries or benefits,
while specific interests squal like stuck
oigs upon the slightest provocation.
This is why it is nice not to be a Democratic
leader at the present crisis.
The Republicans, on the other hand,
have nothing to look out for in debate
excent the immediate effect. They
can bluster and storm and threaten
with no danger to themselves or to the
AAiinfit* * * ? 1 %
uiuuu j. incv ffuirougn 11)0
debate like a lot of swashbucklers on
a Bowery stage, and the more fuss and
noise they make the greater statesmen
they feel themselves to bo. legislatively
speaking, the great mass of
them have neither pride in ancestry
nor hope of posterity, and they can
bray to their hearts' content without
rhyme or reason and with logic as
crooked as a rail fence. Of course,
this docs not refer to Mr. Reed and a
few other Republicans who have a
future before them, but these men are
taking practically no part in the
debate.
The active fighters on the Republican
side have backing them in their
opposition to the Wilson bill only two
real elements of strength. One of
these is the selfish, personal interest of
their oenstitutents who may think
themselves benefited by the tariff, and
the other is the innate patriotism of
American citizens, which leaves deoprootod
ii? every American heart,
ulthough often unconfessed and sometimes
Atonied, the. motto. %i Our covntry,
rigirt 6r wrtmV- The bor/outtt
every Republican speech, if It is not a
Hellish plea for some local Interest, is
<m appeal to the sentiment of antagonism
to anything foreign. This
sentiment, more than anything else,
has led to a singular, though comparatively
unimportant, feature of
the present situation of the tariff question?that
is, the entire elimination of
(irover Cleveland as an effective clement
in the work of tariff reform.
The Republicans are very likely
overrating the extent of this sentiment
of Americanism as the foundation
for a protective tariff. Mr. Cleveland
and Sir. Grosham certainly overlooked
it when they bid for populaiity
in their famous attempt to "do the
right thing" for Liliuokalani. Ilow
......... ....it ?>.!.. ..IT..;., i ?
vw??? |??v- k*j a ^uii vuin ?v 11?11 i lias )>ut
between the Administration und the
Democratic majority in Congress was
strikingly shown when the Honso
suspended the tariff debute yesterday
to receive the latest hutch of Hawaiian
correspondence. In the formal message
which accompanied this correspondence
the President very undiplomatically
went out of his way t>
refer to " a most extraordinary letter"
from President Dole. Certainly that, to
a sympathetic Congress, would have
been the cue for almost anything less
than a declaration of war. As a matter
of fact, the House, including many
Democrats, openly and heartily applauded
the "most extraordinary"
letter, while for the shnreof Mr. Cleveland's
Minister in the correspondence
it hud only jeers and laughter. No
letter that Mr. Dole could have writton
would have been more "extraordinary
" than such a reception of the
communication of a Democratic President
by a House with u two-thirds
Democratic majority.
'I'lie i.e..tn-v..P.,oU.,/1
* v'" v v iii|/iit?oi/<vvi
tho fact, which lias hccn gradually
Incoming apparent, that this Democratic
majority in Con cross at last
believes itself to lie "a higher man than
old Cleveland." So has Mr. Cleveland
weakened his position since the days
of the silver-repeal light that it would
be untrue any longer to speak of him
as a loader in the tariff-reform struggle.
While he has been pattering by
the wayside with Van Alen and Hornblower
and Liliuokalani the tariffreform
light has swept past him and
party control has passed from the
Kxeevitiv: to the majority in Congress.
To he friendly with the Administration
has become a posit* vo disadvantage
for a Congressman, and those who
a lew months ago were admired as Mr.
Cleveland's personal representatives
in Congress are now contemptuously
referred to as his "cuckoos."
Tnis situation will not hinder tariff
reform in the House and may help it
in the Senate. Its passage there with
comparatively little amendment is canlidontly
predicted by those whoso
judgment is entitled to respect. Tho
Republicans in the Senate are divided
into two classes, those who are tariff
reformers at heart and those who are
extreme protectionists. Tho former
certainly will not interfere with the
bill, and tho latter will, it is thought,
consider it the best policy to leave the
bill as had as it can he from their
point of view, knowing that it will
pass anyhow, and believing that the
worse, in their eyes, it is, tho quicker
the people will tire of it. Demo
crane Senators will leave the bill
alonebeeavi.se, if tariff reform should
ho a big buccss, they want to share
the credit of it, and if it should result
in party disaster, they will bo able to
throw a lot of blamo upon Cleveland.
Tiik History of Iron-Making.?
Iron was used before history was
written. The stone records oi I'lgypt
and the brick books of .Nineveh mention
it. Cenosis (ix., Hi!) refers to
Tuhal-eain as " an instructor of every
artificer in brass and iron," and in
Deuteronomy (iii., 11) the bedstead of
the giant Og was *'a bedstead of iron."
The galleys of Tyro and Sidon traded
in this metal ; Chinese records
usoribed to l!<HK) D. C. refer to it ; Homer
speaks of it as superior to bronze.
'1 he bronze age came before the iron
ago, because copper, found a s a nearly
pure metal, easily fuses, and with
another soft metal?tin or zinc?
alloys in hard bronze: while iron,
found only us an ore, must liavo the
impurities burnt and hammered out
by great heat and force before it can
bo made into a tool. The word sometimes
translated "steel" in our Hnglish
lliblo really means bronze or brass,
but stool was distinctively known to
the later ancients, l'liny ttio older
wrote in the first century of our era :
"Howboit as many kinds of iron as
there bo, none shall match in goodness
the steel that comes from the Sores
(Chinese), for this commodity also, as
hard ware as it is, tho\ send and sell
with their soft silks ami line furs. In
u second degree of goodness is the
l'arthian i:on." Asia probably made
more iron and steel thirty centuries
ago than it does to-day. About the
timo of the first Olympiad, 771? it. C.,
there is authentic record of the use of
iron in Grooco, and Lycurgus used it
for the money of Sparta. Iron and
stool weapons of war begun to displace
those of bronze before the battle of
Marathon. The Romans learned ironmaking
from the Greeks and the
Fitruscans, their mysterious and highly
civilized neighbors, and obtained iron
largely from Corsica, where the mines
had been worked from the prehistoric
period. The Roman legionaries found
In Spain steel weapons of the finest
tomper, and Diodorus says that the
weapons of the Celtiberians were so
keen " that there is no helmet or
shield which cannot be cut through
by them." Toletum (now Tolcda) was
their as famous for its sword blades as
afterwards in the Middle Ages. Ciesur
found the painted Britons lighting
with spear-heads of bronze, but wearing
armlets of iron, and remains of
pre-Roman forges are still found in
England and Wales. The Germans
knew the art of sword-forging, and
their legends of dwarfs and trolls with
magic swords point to an canier people,
adepts in mining and metallurgy.
?Harper's Magazine.
? ? *
They A he All Confederates.?
Judge Emory Spoor opened United
States Court at Savannah, On., last
Wednesday morning. in his chargo
to tho Grand .Jury, ho culled attention
to tho fact that tho judge, tho district
attorney and United States marshal of
this court had all been Confederate
soldiers, and this was a typical
Southern court, but all tho officers
wore resolved to enforce tho law. Tho
Judge himself said ho had the impu*
denco to fire upon tho tlag of his country
from tho outworks of two of tho
cities in which ho now holds court.
Certainly such a government, so magnanimous
with such laws, doservos tho
full support of tho poople.
?Ono of tho sights of China is tl %
antique bridge of Suen-tchen-fow,
2,500 feet long and 20 feet wide. It
has on each side fifty-two piors, upon
which huge stones are laid, some of
them 110 feet long. Many thousand
tons of stone were used in the erection
of this wonder'ul bridge, which is regarded
by ei ginecrs hs indicating consfcruotivjo
tokpt, fts wopdorfu} as that
%hftcb ral&d the Egyptian pyrtwnTds. ;
PETER COOPKR'H GREAT OIH'.
Tin* Schoolmaster Alirond tu Koulli
Ctfollnii
To (ho Kditor of Nowh and Courier:
Never in the history of South Carolina
hus she been so well e<iuip|Kid with
schools for the great work of educating
ail her people, men and women, us at
the present time, Doth the number of '
schools for the higher education and
the good work they are doing are inspiring
and glvo promise of the dllTusion
of education ut no distant day over
the entire State. And may we not
hope that when the diffusion of education
shall take away from us the re- I
proach of illiteracy with it will go a ;
great deal of crime, lawlessness, drunk- ,
enness and other other evils that may |
be charged in great part to ignorance
and vacuity of mind ? There is a great !
ueai 01 moraiiiy and law ami order in
"the three H's."
Especially is the State to be congratulated
that all her schools, I mean her
colleges ami collegiate schools, of
which 1 am now writing, are under
moral and Christian teaching. Here
are the colleges in the State to which
our young men may go and yet their
"empty vessels" tilled: The State
University, in Columbia: the Charleston
College; YVotTord College, Spartanburg:
Furman University, (ireenvillo :
Mrs kino College, Due West, Abbeville
County: Clinton. I .aureus County,
(Presbyterian:) Clemson. State Agricultural
College, and besides these in
nearly every county in the State academies
and graded schools.
Hut 1 must not by any means leave
out the Citadel Academy as a part of
the State's educational machinery. It
is entirely safe to say that owing to the
number of colleges and excellent preparatory
schools in the Statu, and the
I .'educed cost of educat ion, every poor
boy in South Carolina that wants a collegiate
education, and is willing to
j work to help himself, can get it. The
boys of South Caro inn have an opportunity
of getting an education that
none before them ever had. TUe doors
j of every college in the State stand
onun to them, and eolloires that (men
th^ endowment of bruins, if not of
money. It is possible now for u boy
: with one hundred and fifty dollars to
pay his way in col logo a year, this
amount covering board, tuition, books
and clothing. The mess arrangement
makes it possible for a student's board
; to co?t as low as five dollars a month.
There are boys now in Furniaii University
and WofTord College that are
spending no more than one hundred
j and fifty dollars a year, which means
about nine months. Ami this amount
they can make during the summer vacation
of three months, teaching
school, selling books or doing some
other work that always presents itelf
to ambitious and deserving young men.
1 met last summer in Marlboro
County a student from Chapel Hill, N.
who was canvassing that county as
a book agent, traveling afoot and on
crutches at that, it being impossible
for him to walk without them, so badly
drawn up was one of his legs from
rheumatism. He told me that the college
authorities had kindly offered to
lend him the liimiev noeivs^io-v t<? miv
his way through, hut thai he hud declined
to accept it. prcfering to make
bin own money, lie is lame in his leg",
but not in his head, where so many boys
are lame. Lameness in purpose and
resolution is the worst kind of lameness.
About fifteen years ago two boys
went from the ph.w-handlcs in Barn;
well County to one of the oldest and
! best academies in Now Ungland.
They supported themselves there by
doing farm work during their vacations
and little jobs in the city in the
afternoons and on Saturdays. After
their graduation in the academy one of
them went to Brown University, Providence,
K. 1.. and worked his way four
years, until his graduation. He is now
a rising lawyer in Providence, that city
of great lawyers. I mention theso cases
to show that 110 hoy who wants to go to
college and give himself the best intel- i
lcctual equipment for life need despair. '
"Where there's a will there's a way." |
But the trouble is there are more gnat i
opportunities for hoys than there are [
are at bovs for the irreat onnnrtunitioM. I
It is not opportunities so much that
arc wanted as hoys for tlio opportunities.
The very lack of opportunities
gives some hoys the opportunity to
make that opportunity. There are
hoys ami boys.
But here are the colleges and s*minarics
for our South Carolina girls. In
ago Cooper-Limestone Institute comes
first, having been established away
hack in the forties, Greenville Female
Col lego, Columbia Female College, Co- .
lumhia Presbyterian College for Wo- i
men, Converse College, Spartanburg ; <
the State College for Women to he |
located at Uock Hill, besides excellent i
schools for girls in Charleston and the '
other cities and towns of the State. It j
is one of the most hopeful signs of the ,
times that there are more schools and :
better schools and higher education j
for women than has been the ease :
heretofore. And this grows out of the !
recognized fact that woman's sphere of I
labor and usefulness, in short, woman's
life, is larger to-day than ever before.
Hence not to provide for women the
very best schools and culture is not
only to do them injustice, but to rob
the world of tho greater good they
would thereby do.
Tho time is near at hand when education
will he as easy and just as good
for women as for men. For one, 1 see
good in the action of Furnpin University
and the South Carolina University
j in admitting women as regular slu'
dents, and giving them the same instruction
that they give to young men.
It will not, as some think, hurt the
female colleges, but it will do them
good. It will make them raise their
standard, and do less " ginger bread "
i and more substantial work in real education.
A college for women ought to
have as high a standard as a co lege
' for men. This is the ease at Wellesloy
and Vassur.
Before closing I want to say a word
or two about the first mentioned in tho
alK)vc list of South Caroline's schools
for tho higher education of woman,
Cooper-Limestone Institute in Spartanburg
County, o\o mile and a half out in
the country from GalTney City on the
I A!,. I l-.v ..nil 1 mini- : . .1.- _ -! .
<\u uuiu uuiitiuu, xnin is mo oilli'M
female college, or " institute," us it
modestly culls itself, in Jio Suite. It
whs established in 184f> by the I to v. Dr.
Thomas Curtis, and his son, Dr. Williain
Curtis, both of them in learning
and high churactor tho very men for
such a school. Of this school under
tho Curtisos it has been said by one
very competent to judgo : " For extent
and thoroughness of instruction it
has probably never been surpassed and
seldom equalled in tho South."
Dr. Thomas Curtis, who gavo tho
school its great reputation, but whoso
real work in it didn't surpass that of
his son, William Curtis, was an Englishman
and an eminent Baptistdlvine,
a mun of great and deserved rcpuatlon
for learning before ho canto to tho
United States. Ho was the only oditor
of tho reunion Kncycloptcdiu, a work of
twenty-three volumes, mentioned in
Applcton's American Cyclopaedia. Ilo
travelled all over tho State 111 the interest
of l^s ^pho^l at JUunostono ^od
wvriiioy in tab ftittfrotftip of fcmuTo fe'du
cation, and whorevor iio went by tlio
people of every denomination ho was
regarded as a great man, ouo of the
greatest of preachers and a great
power for good in the State. His service
to the cause of female education
in the building up of the Limestone
Female High School, and the great
work that ho did there in educating
and sending so many highly educated
women into the homes of South Carolina
ought to make his name an honored
one throughout all our generations.
The building of the Limestone Female
High School, which is the building
of the Cooper-Limestone Institute,
n 1II I'lm n 1> 1,1, I.I i ...1 I
? 11 V owi j uii'i, i m'llUVUj
two hundred and fifty feet long, wiih
built by a company of Charleston capital
lata about the year 1835, thinking
that the pure limestone water and the
delightful climut) in the autnmer
would make it a groat watering place.
Dr. J. II. Carlisle, who comes nearer
knowing everything about the history
of South Carolina than any other man
or woman in it. says, so 1 understand,
that the way Limestone Springs came
to be thought of as a watering place
and the origin of the mammoth hotel
for that day?a sort of a backwoods
Pone? do Leon- was in this wise: So
great was the bitterness that grow out
of nullification excitement just about |
fifty years ago. that divided tin- people ]
of the State into two hostile camps,
and making political enemies of men
who before had been the warmest per- j
sonal friends, and so disastrous was
this bitterness and strife to the peace i
and prosperity of the State that it oc- l
eurrcd to some gentleman, who men-j
tinned it to others, that perhaps if
somewhere in the up-country a large <
hotel could bo built as a watering |
place, and the representative men of
both factions, Nulliliers and Anti-'
Nulliliers, in the up-country and the
low-country could be brought together (
and talk together and know each !
other, that this meeting together
socially would have the tendency to
cool olT their politicall bad blood and
Restore harmony in the State. The
fiotel idea failed, for. though at one
time it had over four hundred quests,
it soon run down an a watering place.
It was too much out of the way and too
hard to get to. As a pcucc-muking
idea, hovVevor, it must have been a
great success.
The nullification bitterness soon died
out, and after that there was but one
political road in South Carolina and
the whole State, with only here and
there a straggler, went undivided in
that road. In IHtiO the old Nulliliers
and the old Antl-Nulliliers, with a few
exceptions, went solid for secession.
And it may by that the building of the
Limestone Springs Motel, by uniting
people after nullification, was the cause
of their b dug united in 1H00 and so was
the cause of the war. Who can tell?
The hotel building, which cost about
was sold to Dr. Curtis for
$10,000.
As a school the old Limestone
Springs Motel has been a glorious success
and of inestimable good to the
people of South Carolina. There is
hardly a section of the State where its
influence has not gone and been a
blessing. No better situation for a
school for girls, as regards health,
quiet and attractive and bcuutiful location,
can be found in the State. At
the close of the war, when the eountiy
V,-,,.. 1
....i, Uiwn. w|> itNti uvi'i jmmy unu
everything demoralized, tho building,
with tho valuable lands, passed into
tho hands of the Now York millionairo
and philanthropist, Peter Cooper, who
took a mortgage on it for some twenty
thousand dollars loaned on it to a person
into whose hands it had fallen.
Mr. Cooper, when a very old man,
nine tin a special ear to see the property,
which was now his own, and
when lie had heard the history of the
place as a school and what a blessing it
had been to the State, though he could
easily have gotten back every dollar
that he paid for it, he generiously
donated it to the Spartanburg Baptist
Association, to be kept up and continued
as a school for tho education of
women, ilcnco the name of CooperLimestone
Institute. All honor to the
name and memory of Peter Cooper.
Tho trustees of the school, among
whom are several very wealthy men,
will spend twenty thousand dollars this
year in improvements on the old building,
and in the erection of a now building
to the old. This will make this
Old SellOol. With itx hllil.l illir P.inniun.l
and enlarged lilted up with all the
modern improvements t?f the nest
school buildings, ho far us comfort and
eon veil ienco and aceoinmodation are
concerned, one of the bent in the State.
C'apt. II. P. Grilllth, a bravo old Confederate
captain and an educator of
experience, in the principal. To the
number of his excellent teachers he
has added lately the Rev. J. M. 1 iv>??tick,
who will have the direct charge
and care of the girls, and who is a man of
the finest culture, inspiring teacher,
and is all that Christian gentleman
means. Mr. Rostick was educated in
Furtnan University, South Carolina,
and at the famus Princeton Theological
Seminary. He knows how to
teach.
Cooper-Limestone Institute in one
respect differs from nearly every other
school in the State ? it gives its long vacation
in tho winter. Its commencement
comes off about the 1st of November,
and the annual session opens about tho
7th of February. This arrangement is
better for girls from the low-conntry
as it enables them to spend the
siekly months in the up-country,
and they avoid the risk of coming
homo in summer. Success to Limestone,
and to all tho colleges and
schools of the State, male and female.
John G. Williams.
Allendale, S. C.. January 1<>.
?
?Frank Kay and his wife, who live
at Crafton, Pa., have two pretty little
children, who. strangely enough, bear
the names of Ruth and Ksthor. They
are a little older than President Cleveland's
bal i s. and were named before
the White House babies. Mr. Kay
not long ago wrote a pleasant lot tor to
the President, speaking of tho coincidence,
and has reioived from Privato
Secretary Thurbor tho following rep'y:
T
' My Doai Sir : Tho President dtr
tcts me to acknowledge the receipt
of your recent kind favor, in which |
you iniorni mm mat your two eiiiidren
boar the names of Huth and Esthor,
and wero named in each euse before
tho children of tho President wero
named. Roth Mrs. Clevoland and the
President are much interested in tho
o >incidenco, and beg leavo to express
t 10 wish that your littlo children may
havo long and happy livos, and that
they will always bo a joy nnd comfort
to you." ^
?Jainos Henry IJdldymus Chnrlos
Ulysses Jones Peter Quincey Wallaeo
Christopher Holmes John Caldwell
Calhoun Washington Bishop Kay is
assisting V. E. Hudgens, ihe efficient
nnd aeeommodnt'ng agent at Ensley
in holding d? wn tho depot.
? Mr. W. W. Miller, of Langloy, S.
C., who wj s recently appointed an examiner
of Indian lands, left la>t Thursday
for his post at Thief Itivor Palls,
wffl enter upon his
LINCOLN OX TIIL ItUKO.
lie <li<! not llcllcvc in tlie Hocinl or
l'olllical (-'.quality ol'i lo* Negro?111m
PuIi'Iichm in Viewing the truest Ion.
Clue lotto Observer.
' Whut will become of the no (fro ?"
is u problem thut occupies to a large
extent the minds of nil thoughtful
people, certainly of all Southern people.
It is interesting to know the
views of great men who have thought
on this subject. Thos. Jefferson said :
" It is certainly written in the book
of fate that the negro shall bo free,
and it is equally certain that the two
races cannot live together on terms of
equality."
Abraham Lincoln's views on this
subject are full of interest. He was
unquestionably one of the wisest men
nuii mo rmgusn race luis produced.
His sugueity was urofound and farreaching.
The world admires It more
and more. Mr. Lincoln was a tnuu of
largo and genuine sympathy, without
sentimentality. By birth, temperament.
ancestry, physieal habit and
aspect he was a Southern man. Ho
did uot sympathize with shivery, hut
he did sympathize with the Southern
people. Let him speak for himself.
" When Southern people tell us
they are no more responsible for the
origin of slavery than we are 1 acknowledge
the fact. When it is sum that
the institution exists, and that 11 is
very ditlieult to get rid of it in any
satisfactory way, I can understand and
appreciate the saying. I will surely
not blame them for not doing what I
should not know how to do myself."
* * * I think that 1 have no prejudice
against the Southern people.
If slavery did not now exist among
theiu they would not introduce it. If
it did now exist among us we should
not instantly give it up. This I l>elievo
of tlie masses Not th and South.
Doubtless there are individuals on
both sides who would not hold slaves
under any circumstances, and others
who would gladly introduce slavery
anew if it were out of existence. We
know that Southern men do freo their
slaves, go North and become tip-top
Abolitionists; while some Northern
ones go South and become most cruel
slave masters."
While Lincoln was not sure what
was best to do with the negro, he was |
lixed in two opinions; first, that the
negro should he set free ; second, that i
he could not and should not enjoy i
social and political equality with the |
whites. Lie says: "If all earthly
power were given me, I should not >
know what to do as to the existing
institution. My first impel-e would be j
to free all the slaves and send them to ;
Liberia?to their own native land.
Hut a moment's reflection would con- j
vinco me that whatever of high hope I
(us i 1111iik more is) there may he in 1
this in the long run, its sudden ex- |
ceution is impossible. If they all1
landed there in a day they would all
perish in the next ten days, and there
are not surplus shipping and surplus
money enough to carry them there in
many times ton days. What then?
Free them all and keep them anions
us as underlines ? Is it quite eertain
that this betters the condition ? 1
think ii would not hold one in
slavery, at any rate: yet the point is
not clear enough for me to denounce
people upon. What next? Free them
and make them politically and socially
our equals ? My own feelings will not
admit of this: and if mine would we
well know that those of the great mass
of white people will not. Whether
this feeling accords with justice and
;.,a : ? . r
ov/iiiivi jviu^ iiiuiiu in im'i lilt* It'll, II
indeed it is any part of it. A universal
feeling, whether well or ill-founded,
cannot be safely disregarded. Wo
cannot, then, make them equals. It
does seem to mo that systems of
gradual emancipation might he adopted,
but, for their tardiness in tins, I
will not undertake to judge our brethren
of the South.
Not only was Lincoln personally op-'
possed to the social and political
equality of the two races, but he believed
it an impossibility on account
of "a physical dilTorenco between tho
white and the black races." He says :
" While I was at the hotel to-day
an elderly gentleman culled upon me
to know whether I was really in favor
of producing perfect < quality between
tho negroes and tho white people.
While I had not proposed to myself on
this occasion to say much on the subject,
yet as the question was asked mo
I thought i would occupy perhaps live
minutes in saying s nncthing in regard
to it. 1 will say, then, that 1 am not,
nor have ever been, in favor of bringing
about in any way the social and political
equality of the white and black
races?that I am not i or ever have
been in favor of making voters or
jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying
them to hold otlieo or to intermarry
with white people; and I will say in
addition to this that there isu physical
ditVorenco between the white and tho
black races which, I believe, will forever
forbid the two races living
together on terms of social and political
equality. Ami inasmuch as they
cannot so live, while they do remain
together there must be the position of
superior and inferior; and 1, as much
as any other man, am in favor of having
the superior position assigned to
the white race. 1 say upon this occasion
I do not perceive that because
the white man is to have the superior
position assigned to the white race.
I say upon this occasion 1 do not perceive
that because the white man is to
have the superior position the negro
should be denied everything. I do not
understand that because 1 do not want
a negro woman for a slave I must
necessarily want her for a wife. My
understanding is that I can just let her
alone."
Hclioving that the two races cannot
live t (gether on terms of social or
political equality, and that it is bad
lor Isith races that the blacks should
live pern an nt y as the vassals of tho
whites, Mr. Lincoln favored the removal
of the blacks to Africa. Ho
says:
"Such separation, if ever effected
at all, must be effected by colonization
; and no political party, ns such, is
now doing anything directly for colonization.
I'arty operations at present
only favor or retard colonization incidently.
The enterprise is a dilllcuit
one, but 'where there is a will there is
a way,' and what colonization needs '
most is a hearty will. Will springs
?1.A ~ ? ?
Mum uiu uiuuiuniH t?i moral sense
and self-interest. Let us bo brought
to believe it is morally right, and, at
tho same time, favorable to, or, at
least, not against, our interest, to
transfer tho African to his native
climo, and wo shall find a way to do
it. however great tho task may bo.
Tho children of Israel, to such nuni- j
bors as included four hundred thou- ,
sand fighting nion, wont out of Egyp- j
tian bondugo in a body.''
Such were tho views of Abraham
Lincoln on tho race question just preceding
tho war. Had he been spared
tho assassin's bullet how difTeront
might be tho history of the last twentynine
years ! (i. T. WINSTON.
University of North Carolina,
January 10, lwd.
NORTH CAROLINA CHEROKKES. [
lntcrcsi inn Curt* About an Interest- ,
ing IVoplc.
New York hvouing Post.
Ono of the most interesting people I
in this country to visit, und yet one of
the least known, even by the citizens
of North Carolina, is tiio reservation
of what is known as the Kastern band
of thoCherokee Nation. The history of
this reservation is odd and interesting.
When the Indians of this State were
removed to the Indian Territory by
the (lovernment the greater part of
the Chorokoos left their old home
reluctantly forever. A strony band of
thorn, however, retained land in throe
of the western counties (Swain,
Cherokee and Jackson.) That country
was then almost a wilderness. A
largo tract of land was set apart as a
reservation for them by the State, and
special laws governing this reservation
were enacted by the Legislature.
ror over a half century wluit was
known as tho " Cherokee land laws"
were incorporated in tho codes of this
State and other legal works. It has
been hut a few years since th-y were
omitted from the new editions. They
made interesting reading in tho
curious effort to mix the laws of the
white men of America with the Indian
ideas and customs and rules as to land
tenure.
The tract of land originally held by
tho Cherokccs was much large than
it is at present. The reservation now >
consists ol ubout 75,000 acres, in the
counties mentioned, right among tho
mountains, and some o! it is the best
land in Western North (Jarolinu. No
part of tho country east of the Mississippi
Kiver contains a more picturesquely
beautiful region than these
Indian lands, and none better suited
to Indian tastes and requirements,
with its cold, clear streams, abounding
in fish : its high mountains, well
wooded and alive with all kinds of
mill IIS IIMII (lill'Jll IVl1 remoteness
from the haunts of white men. I fours
ure plentiful, and the wolf yet roves
there. Deer are ubundunt, and partridges
are very plentiful.
Tfio Cherokee is a very interesting
Indian. The chief town or "capital"!
of the reservation is (in Knglish) Yol- \
low Ililt. Bryson City, distant ten
miles from the reservation, is a ram- j
bling place, through which rushes a !
mountain stream called the Ocona
Lufty. The Indian houses are nearly
all uniform in appearance, and are
built of logs, compactly so as to stand
the cold weather which is very severe
some times. There is never any extreme
1.e.it, because of the altitude.
The principal, occupation of these
Indians is farming and fishing and
hunting* and they always have plenty
of food. The band now number nearly
2,(100, and the records show that they
are increasing. The healthfulness of
the region is the main cause of this,
and many of them reach a great ago.
Several of them now claim to be centenarians,
and the " oldest inhabitant,"
"Big Witch," claims to he over lid
years old.
The Chcrokecs vote just as other
citizens of this State do. During the
civil war they were intense Confcde
. I.vvn, Utiw u iui Mtuuu IUI1 WI LIIUIIJ
served in the Confederate uriuy
and fought well. Many of them
ai'O educated ; all are civilized. Those
who are educated speak English
fluently, and are fond of the white
people, who do them many kindnesses.
Some of them have intermarried with
native whites. They do not like
negroes, and there is no social intercourse
hot "eon the races. Many of
these Cherokees, however, know no
English, and are as wild looking as
those on tho Western prairies. Among
this class the bow and arrow is still
used with masterly marksmanship.
AN INCIDENT OF TI1E WAIl.
The Brave Deed of a Young Cedent!
Surgeon at a Supper in Heaid'orl.
1 am asked to record the bravest
thing done, within my immediate
knowledge, in the civil war. On mature
reflection, passing by some hairbreadth
escapes, I should award tho
palm to something done by a young as
niniaui BUI ^tuil in ill I Il?"? llOt (|IIIIU J I
years old, l)r. Thomus T. Minor, then
of Hartford, Conn. It was an exceedingly
convivial supper of olllcers at
Beaufort, S. C., to which a few of my
younger subaltonrs had been invited. I
saw them go with some regret, sinee
whiskey was rarely used in my regiment,
and 1 had reason to think that it
would circulate pretty freely at this
entertainment. About Dr. Minor I
had no solicitude, for lie never drank
it. Later 1 heard from some of the
other olllcers present what had happened.
They sat late and the fun grew fast
and furious, the songs sung becoming
gradually of that class which Thackeray's
Col. Noweomo did not approve.
Some of the guests tried to get away,
but could not, and those who attempted
it were required to furnish in each case
a song, a story or a toast. Minor was
called upon for his share and there
was a little hush as ho rose up. He
had a singularly pure and boyish face,
and his manliness of character was
known to all. lie said: "Gontlcmen,
I cannot give you a song or a story, but
I will olTor a toast, which 1 will drink
in water, and you shall drink as you
please. That toast is ' Our Mothers.'"
Of course an antom of priggishncss
or self-consciousness would have
spoiled the whole suggestion. No such
quality was visible. The shot told :
the party quieted down from that moment
and soon broke up. The next
morning no less than three olllcers
from dilToront regiments rode out to
my camp, ull men older than Dr.
Minor and of higher rank, to thank
him for the simplicity and courage of
his rebuke. It was from them I lirst
learned what had happened. Any one
who has had much to do with young
men will admit, t think, that it cost
more courage to do what he did than
to rido up to the cannon's mouth.
It may interest some readers to know
that this young surgeon after the war
had charge of two different military
hospitals on the Pacific coast *, that he
U,,., 11., t
uiiniij uu^ninu uiiijor id n'will-u?, juki
that, wlieii ho was accidentally drowned
on u hunting trip, ton thousand peoplo?ho
the newspapers said?walked
in procession at the funeral.?lllgginaon,
U. S. A.
??
?I)r. Curry will start about the last
of February .. tour of inspection of
the instituti >ns in the South aidod hy
the Poabody found. He will bo accompanied
by Dr. Oilman, President of
Johns Hopkins University, and ono of
the mofct distinguished educators in the
country. Dr. Oilman has been elected a
member of the Poabody Board. Dr.
Curry writes that Columbia will prtbahly
bo the first place visited.
?Young Den Tillman, son of Governor
Tillmun, is visiting his cousin,
young Mr. Sam Stark, of Filbert Conn- (
ty, Oa. Tiio two young men wore recently
practicing shooting jit a target
when the gun mi the hunds of young
Tillman accidentally discharged, the
ball passing through the body of young
Mr. Stark producing a painful wound. '
IJNCOIiN'N ONE WOllD.
A Sccirl of lIk* Famous Hampton
Ituuds <'.,nb i-cncc ltc<|iicnllietl l>y
Alexander II. Stephens.
No mail in Atlanta has a greater
fund of incident than Judge Samuel B.
Hoyt, who is now seriously ill at
Suwaneo Springs, Flu. The Judge
was born in Iilount County in 1*24, and,
coining to Atlanta before the woods
wore cleared away for the coming' city,
grew up with it, and carries in his
memory the full details of a most remarkable
era of city building. While
reclining upon his sick bed Judge Iloyt
spoke of a conversation ho had with
tiio late Jefferson Davis.
"In that conversation Mr. Davis
lamented the fate which deprived the
Confederate States of recognition by
European powers.
" 'To the last moment.' said Mr.
Davis. '1 was confident that this recognition
would conic to us. Tiie
landing of the French in Mexico was
then our interest, if we could have
consolidated our forces down in Texas
Wilder Kit'by Smith, the alliance could
have become effective.'
"And yet." said .Judge Iloyt, "this
was all dreaming. It was like billowing
a rainbow. How different all
in! irhl It.iti.i 1.,,,,., If It... I. 1 ll! ,
uiKiiv iniiu m I'll ii iiili icss uniiiani
but more practical mind of Alexander
II. Stephens hud dominated the councils
of the nation. Almost with tears
in his eves Mr. Stephens once told me
of the inner history of the Hampton
Heads conference.
41 'When the intimation came to us,'
said Mr. Stephens, 'that the Federals
desired a conference, it was well known
that Mr. Davis was opposed to it. The
majority of the Confederate Senate
took its cue from the President, and
therefore the subject could not bo directly
broached then. As a consequence,
we were forced to strategy.
It was proposed that Cen. Leo should
appear before the Senate in executive
session, and. under the cloak of secrecy,
to be removed only for the personal
information of the President,
give an exact statement of the real
position of the two armies.
With great reluctance (Jen. Leo consented
to answer questions, the result
being to show that the Confederate
Army had been reduced to a mere
shell, with neither defenses, refuge
nor supplies to fall back upon. With
this plain statement the Senate consented
to the appointment of peace
commissioners. Hut when a resolution
was olTered and passed that these commissioners
should act under instructions
passed by Mr. Davis all hope in
my heart failed. Only the conviction
that I should lose no chance to bring
about peace induced me to withold my
resignation.
" After describing the meeting with
I ^ outilolH I i ?W?/vl i? ^
. ,vu...tMK i,mi win 11I1U Ut-'bOClUlCS,"
continued Judge Hoyt, " Mr. Stephenswent
on to suy : 'Finally, all preliminaries
over, President Lincoln said
" So anxious am I for peace that I will
offer termssueh 1 am sure will surprise
you all. On this sheet of paper 1 will
write hut one word, while I will leave
to your own judgment every other conditionand
requirement." Writing, Mr.
Lincoln passed tho sheet over to me,
and I found written upon it the one
word, " Union." " All other terms,"
concluded Mr. Lincoln, "may bo of your
own dictation."
" My heart sank within me," said Mr.
Stephens. " Here, on simply accepting
the union we could dictate our own
terms of peace, preserve our State autonomies,
maintain our fortunes, gain
recompense for our slavo property, and
all the consequences following defeat
could be averted. Hut our instructions
from Mr. Davis, the cornerstone of
which t.hn ennmn, I? !.... ? ?' ?
. ..p.nvK'ii Ki tin: v^oufederate
States, forbade t ho acceptance
of this most magnanimous and jjoiverous
ofTor. When I so informed Mr.
Lincoln he sank back in his chair with
a look of utter disappointment. We
all felt the gravity of the situation,
and it was recognized that one of the
great mistakes of history was being enacted.
With an army whoso defeat
was already acknowledged by (ion. Leo,
President Davis insisted upon annihilation.
" Theso facts." continued Judge
Hoyt, " it was agreed should lie kept
secret until the death of the principals.
That time having arrived, thero
is no good reason why they should not
bo made known."
?- - - Miss
MeruifiemVs Mistake.?
Miss Merritield accepted tho oiler of
Mr. Brook's escort from Mrs. Symonds's
recoptlon. Miss Merrifhdd adored Mr.
Hrooks, and more than half suspected
that Mr. Brooks adored her. In fact,
slio hoped for a declaration that very
night.
Just as tho pair steppod on tho porch
Mr. Brooks was called back by tho
hostess. A moment later Mr. Enfield
passed through the door and seeing
Miss Morrifield apparently unattended,
silently olTorod her his arm. Sho^mpposing
him to be Mr. Brooks, took it
eagerly, and they started up tho street
together. Mr. Brooks followed, muttering
curses on4tho fickleness of woman.
A little before roach in ? the house of
Miss Morrifield, Mr. Brooks, still walking
behind, saw the young lady break
away from her escort, rush frantically
up tho steps, and disappear withindoors,
and his soul rejoiced at these
signs of a quarrel.
Somehow tho wholo thing leaked out
tho next morning, and before night the
friends of all the parties know exactly
what had happened.
It seems that Mr. Enfield, piqued at
being called Mr. Brooks by his absentminded
companion, had said, " Blcaso,
Miss Morrifield, don't call mo Mr.
Brooks." At which she.
?".Itxuv po
declaration had arrived at la*t^|p<t
murmured, " What shall I call ;^u,
dear'/" And then the cruol disillusion
had eomo : " Why call mo Mr. Kulield,
of course."
Miss Morri field is roportod to have*
gone South for the winter.?- Harper'sMagazine.
?Might persons have died of the
grip in the Cart ledge family, of bilgeHeld
County, in four or live weeks:
Messrs. Jerry and Sam Curtledgo and
their wives, Dr. Cartledge, Mr. Hon
Out/., father .of Mrs. Jerry Cartledge,
and Mrs. May, a cousin, who assisted
in nursing tho sick, and at last accounts
Mrs. Outz lies dangerously ill.
If she should die only a little live.-yearold
girl would bo loft of this onee liuAipv,
family. /
Thn In- - ?
wiumuieu on KitualH of the
Grand Lodge of Masons of South Carolina
concluded a week's session in Columbia
last week. The principal work
was that of revision. The following
members were present: Grand Master
S. P. Uendy, of Walhalln ; Deputy
Grand Master Claudo E. Sawyer, of
Aiken ; Sonior Grand Warden J. T.
Barron of Columbia; Grand Secretary
Charles Inglesby, of Charleston; John
R. Bellinger, of" Greenville.
V,. T. Kaddv. administrator of a
wealthy estate, was robbed last week
by masked highwaymen near Kingstree,
in Williamsburg, of $1,400. There
wore three robbers, all white _