bodloe'oi ojoe lodiamj the
N?4 the r?ra?under of the
F^$STsy|de?t, had beea carried off by the
c>- ^pHMHPjh.Indiana, ^far their hodiae were
r %vi?ie to be found. Thit party rcr?~
^Hjlhud three or four days in the vicinity
* AliMM III* Ktnei of blood; but the 1
t. >flrair uddughter returned not From j
' thb period the place was deserted for.
? swineyears; but the surviving young Lar.idf'lhirryinf,
he end his wife took posses-1
ieiMfc of the Tone gad blood stained dwelThe
tribe of Indians had removed
iSvrfef to the vicibity of the Seneca
eodCiaga Lakes; so that there was no
IjMtfjbr any danger, to be apprehended
*woof such rode and barbarous neighbors.
Years rolled on and brought with them a
" new generation of that devoted family;
-butmore than twenty years passed away
~*Without*any tidings of the missing females
Abbut this period some settlers from the
pert of the couutry where the Larners
?*origiually resided, located themselves in
'Jibe vicinity of the before mentioned
lakes, where they lived in peace and goodwyi
with their neighbors the Indians; and
f from w horn they learned the fate of the
k. ~ miialIIit mnlka. ami A.
_ ? ? ?hv>uvi siiu uaugmni'i
- They stated that they were pursued and
oon captured in the woods; and although
* they'would only submit to be dragged
fclon? by lorce, in that manner they proceeded
for a portion of two days. But
this made of proceeding was :found so inconvenient
to the party, that when they
reached the eaves in the Moose Moua*
tein, a council was held on their prisoners;
when they were adjudged to die.?
'They were then tomahawked according
to the customs of those barbarians; and
they had no doubt but their skeletons
might 6e found there still. This information
was some time afterwards imparted
to the eon end brother of the deceased,
who, embracing the first opportunity,
accompanied by three friends, repaired to
Moose Mountain, sought out the caves
that were almost entirely unknown to
white meh, and found the two skeletons
?in the very position they had fallen beneath
the tomahawks of their murder tt?.
; . I
'They were then removed with much
care and labor to the residence of the i
son, who with$rue filial ejection, interred
them in the same grave with the mouldering
bodies of their departed kindred.
At t ?-- ? ? ? -.?
? ? vuv uiiio a. viaitvu till! lUIie UWeillllg, I
the son, who had escaped the family massacre,
was still occupying it. He was.
'how old and gray headed, hut he still occasionally
took his ride i ito the woods in.
.pursuit of game. He too, had been the]
father bf a family of sons and daughters,'
now all grown up, and all except one, II
believe, married and settled, one or two.
in his own district, but the others had
been induced to wander away to the Far
West. He is still looked upon with a
sort of veneration; and scarce a lone traveller
ever visits him 'to whom he does
not relate the lamentable fate of his faroily.
Agricultural.
From the Oeneoeee Farmer.
ANALYSIS OF SOILS.
It has been given as the golden rule
e * . ??
oi Agriculture, 'To use such manures as
will make-heavy lands lighter, light land I
heavier, cold land hotter and hot land
colder:' or in other words to remedy the
existing defects whatever they< may be.
In order to do this we must know what
the defects is; we must understand the
nature of the soil, we are to operate
upon, in order to determine whether this
or that kind of manure is to be applied,
or whether a large or small quantity is
needed to bring the proportions of the
soil to the standard of fertility. It is
therefore, of importance that the farmer
should be acquainted with the nature of
proportions of the coustituents of soils;
that he should know what these propor-i
tions are, in such as are most fertile; and
also what they are in the soil which he
has to cultivate. This cannot be determined
with any degree of accuracy, but
by analysis.
Another consideration in favor of analysis
of soils, is that it will substitute
precision of language for the indefinite
nd unsalisfartrt ru /* ?
M>vue VI CA|)rCMIUIl
which now prevails. Thtfs for instance,
the distinction between a sandy and a
<?layey loam, often docs not depend so
much upon certain productions of clay
Mld'sano, as upon the quality of the soil
of the place where the term is used. In
a sandy region of the country, a soil
might be termed clayey, while the same
soil in a 'clayey region would be called
sandy. Another instance:?a large crop
of some grain or vsgetable is raised; the
ouccess is principally owing to the nature
of the soil: but unless the proportions ol
its ingredients are given precisely, instead
of describing its qualities by indefinite
expressions, we areata loss to know how
to ???
proportions.
The constituents of noils which more
particularly influence their fertility, are
these.?
1st. Stones and pebbles. These gene*
raljy have little effect than to keep the
soilioose and porous, as they were usually
bard and uuchanging. Sometimes,
however, they absorb and retain warier,
and also disintergate and mix with the
ifaer pans Of the soil.
>"
n ;
i-^
* f
. Soli, whore ihla predominates, are .little i
I injured. by watod?%nMlf little attraction I
'for it, and fiSHHKfi feebly. They <
I never la wlirta faffpill. ?Vi
3d. Aluminous Shatter. This U the i
predominant constituent ef blear soils.? 1
Unlike the preceding, it hy a^ powerful 'i
attraction fo'r water, and retains it strong-'<
Iw hence, clay will remain long suspen- i
ded in water, while sand sinks immedi
atcly. Aluminous soils suffer from too J
much wet, and bake hard in a dry sea* i
son. >.. !
4th# Carbonate W lime. This exists
in the form of limestone, chalk, and shells.
| It is a principal constituent of marble.-?
,80ns which have a due proportion of this,
ingredient, are naturally fertile and dura;
ble in a high degree,
j 5th. Animal and vegetable subsistan;
ces. These improve the soil by operating
in several wavs. Thev give warmth to
ithe soil, funds nutriment directly to the
I plant, ahsmb ooisture and substance
from the air, .iud render the soil loose .
and preserve it in a state of pulveriza
j IIUII* _ |
6th. Water. 'The power soils passes*'
! of retaining m >isture,enables them to resist
the effects of drought. In analysis, the
| quantity of water held by soils after be ing
exposed to the sun's rays, is that only
which is cotwidercd as forming a component
part of them.
j The following method of analyzing
soils, or ascertaining the proportions ofi
i their component parts, is, if carefully con- j
ducted, sufficiently accurate 'for all prac
tical purposes.
i Specimens of the soil should be taken
1 ob'jtit three inches below the surface, and
from the average of the field. A convenient
quantity to experiment upon, after
stones are separated is about four hundred
; grains.
1. Separate by two selves all'the stones
and pebbles; with one, those larger than
a quarter of an inch in diameter, and
with the other, those less. To effect this
the soil must be first well dried in the
sun and greatly bruised in a mortar.? t
Then to ascertain by weighing, the rate
per cent, each lifears to the original mass
! and note it down. !(
2. The soil after weighing, is then
t placed in a crucible, and heated ten or '(
; fifteen minutes, to a temperature of about
'2(H) Fahrenheit, constantly stirring it; and , (
and if a ihermome'er is dot used, the pro- !?
per degree of heat may he easily a*c?r? (
iained by means of the wooden rod with f
which it is stirred: while the color of the .
wood remains unchanged is not too hot, I j,
but as soon as it becomes brown the pro- J g
cess must be stopped. It is then again!
weighed and the loss is set down as v
water. . r
3. It Is next returned to the crucible, J
and exposed to a high red heat, till no-.
I blackness remains in it, rapidly stirring ^
it with an iron rod so as to expose newj(
surfaces continually to the air. It is
again weighed, and the loss denotes the 9
amount of animal and vegetable matter. {
4. Mix the remainder with three or Q
four times its weight of water, stir it
thoroughly for several minutes, until it is v
intimately diffused, and then suffer it to f
rest. The coarse sand will fell to the hot- .
torn of the vessell in about a minute, the j
finer in two or three minutes. The liquid
is then poured off into another vessel, the
the sand dried and weighed, and its quantity
noted down as siKcious soil. 1
5. The decanted liquid is suffered to [
stand till it settles and becomes clear; it is
then poured off and the sediment dried at '
a red heat, weighed, and set down as 1
aluminous soil. 1
0. The presence of corbonate of lime 1
in soil, (which is generally in small 1
quantities,) is readily ascertained by j
pouring upon it muriatic acid diluted 1
with water. If it contain carbonate of !
lime, an effervescence immediately takes 1
place in a greater or less degree, occur- 1
ding to the quality. '
DIFFERENCE OF HEAT IN SOILS. 1
Farmers are frequently in the habit of '
speaking of cold soils, and warm soils,I'
without perhaps enquiring at all into the '
j cause of this difference in the farms they '
! cultivate. That there is a good and;1
| sufficient reason in the materials, which (
i make the soil there can be no doubt, 1
j and as a knowledge of this would mateI
rially assist the operations of farming, an '
investigation, although imperfect, must 1
be useful to the agriculturist. The sur|
face of the earth receives alike the sun's 1
rays, and of course, the difference in 1
temperature must be sought in some :
cause different from an equal distribution 1
of the sun's heat. We shall name onel<
or two of the most probable of these I(
causes. Wet soils are cold, because I'
large quantities of heat are carried off,
by evaporation. Hence moist clayey
soils, those that have a hard substratum, 1
or are based on hard pan, which prevents
the moisture fVom springs on the surface
passing off readily, are usually cold. ? .
8oils which are dry, or which contain;
dark colored materials, as dark sand or|(
carbon, are usually warm, though the
presence of carbonaceous matter is by
no means a certain proof of warmth, as
a moments reflection will show. The
black earth of our western country, cal- <
led muck, and which was once considerd <
| one of the surest indications of good land,
is principally formed of carbonaceous <
matter; yet it is not well understood that
the formation of this substance is occa- i
sioned by it* resting on a hard pan which i
prevents its incorporating with the earths, <
and thus farming eoi|, and is almost dni- i
a -
< *
rerun) cold* TIm dark colored particles1
rl#e to the beat of the eartbc io ?m?b they
ire found, let'tinced bjr the practice of
Lhtfse Who mis powder Charcoal with
the oarth and manure for the purpose of
rfehit| melons which require an elevated
temperature. Sandy soils owe their
warmth principalis to the foot, that-little
tr no heat is carried from them by evaporation/the
water falling on them soon
sinking beyond the influence of the sun*s
rays. 'Apply these principles to alio
plants, and the'operation of these causes
may be soon treated. Thus wheat will
grow in soils clayey, based ou hard pan
and wholly until for corn do not say
such soils arc best for wheat, tor tile fact
is far different?'while Corn will-prosper
on soils and situations so dry and warm,
that wheat Will not grow at all. $o with
many other .plants and roots cultivated by
the farmer, and a knowleage of this adoption
of parttcular plants to particular soils,
would frequently prevent muoh uselcs
labor, and of course eventual loss.
Congressional.
IN SENATE,
Friday, January 5, 163S.
Disturbances on the Northern Frontier.
The Chair communicated the following
message from the President of the United
States, on the subject of the war in Canada:
To the Senate and
House of Representatives of the U. States:
Recent experience on the southdrti
boundary of the United States, and the
events now daily occurring on our north- '
ern frontier, have abundantly shown that
the existing laws are insufficient to guard
against hostile invhsion, from the 'United
States, of the territory Of friendly and j
neighboring nations.
The laws in force provide sufficient
penalties for the punishment of such of-,
fancies, after they have been committed,!
and provided the parties ' an be found; j
hut the Executive is powerless in many i
rases to prevent the commission of tham, I
even when in possession of ample evi-)
di-nce 01 an intention on the part of evil-1
disposed persons to violute our laws.
Your attention is called to this defect in '
ohr legislature. It rs imnarent "ihot ih<? !
y?
Executive ought to bo clothed with ade- \
qunttr power efTePtuUlty to restrain all per-!
jons within our jurisdiction from the
ro'iuntssion of acts t)f this clin racier. ~
They lend to disturb the peace of the
Mtintry, and inevitably involve the Government
in perplexing controversies with
breign powers, f recommend a careful
evision of all the laws now in fofce, bnd
uch additional enactnients as may be nc- i
essary to vest in the Executive full pow-|
r to prevent injuries being indicted upon
leighboring nations by the unauthorized
tnd unlawful acts of citizens of the Uni,ed
StateB, or of other persons who may
>c within our jurisdiction, and subject to j
lur control.
In illustration of these views, and to
how the necessity of an early action on
he part of Congress, I submit herewith
copy ?f a letter received from the Marhal
of the northern district of New York,.
vho had been directed to repair to the
rontier, and take all authorized measures
o secure the faithful execution of existng
laws. M. VAN BUREN.
Washington, January 5, 1838.
The message, with the accompanying
papers, having been read by the Secretalary?
Mr. CLAY rose to express his full conniption
of the necessity of some early action
on this important subject. No spec
mcie, count be more revolting to the feelings
of a free people, than a war either
among themselves or with auother country.
The views of the Executive mcwhis
highest approbation, but it was the duty
of Congress to examine, and, iT the existing
laws wetfe not adequate to j revent
the alleged interference of our citizens,
others should be forthwith enacted for the
full accomplishment of an object so deferable.
Mr. C. adverted, in connection,
to the vexations and unsettled state of
our northern boundary, which stale of
things tended to increase the danger which
now threatened us. . He had witnessed
a similar course of policy on the part of
our citizens during recent occurrences of
a similar character in another quarter; on ,
which subject, however, he had never ex-;
pressed his opinion, nor should he do so
now.
If ihe people of litis country choose to
renounce their citizenship, it was perhaps j
allowable; but any interferance with a j
rebellion in a country with which we were
at peace, should meet the earliest alien |
lion of our Government. We might, as
citizens, freely, and in any manner wcti
thought proper, express our sympathies'
with either belligerent party, but in no
case tend them aid or countenance. Me
did not consider he had any right to express
an opinion relative to the course of
the Canadians. They might be right, or
they might be wrong, in the course they
were pursuing. It was the duty of every
citizen to remain quiet, nor even express
opinions, till such expression had been
made by the Government.
He hoped that to whatever committee
the subject might be referred, they would
examine with the greatest care and strictest
scrutiny the question on both sides.?
Examine whether or not the action of our
citizens had not been limited to some di?.
pmeti territory, or whether arms, munitions
of war, or supplies, had been furnished,
aud which, if proved tinie, such
conduct must be viewed by Government!
sh? in the highest degree reprehensible. '
* ' k I** '?? '
He would ex|Mreasii*epUi&tf,a<* make
motion ii to the rdTereoefe but should
think that either the Committee on the
Judiciary or on Foc^biU Jrfairs the roost
appropriate. WMr.
CAttHOUN had felt from the be*
ginning of the troubles in Canada 4he
greatest anxiety, and' a fear that fet might
result in difficulties to this country. He
hoped the existing laws, prohibiting the
interference of our citiaens, would he
rigidly enforced; and if, on examination,
they shonld be found insufficient to raedt
the exigencies of the case, that new ones
'would be speedily enacted. He would
set forth in the strongest light the terrible j
consequences of a war with Great-Britain j
, at. the presdnt-time. i
i He urged, in the most etophatic manger'
the necessity of clothine the Executive1
with atl*needful additional power, if the
laws in force were in this respect too limited.
He movecHhe refereoce to the
Committee oft Foreign "Relations.
! Mh NORVELL said that no-portion* of
; the people of the United States were more
deeply interested-in this subject than the
I inhabitants of the State which he had
the honor, in part, tb represent. Be!
tween a part of that-State, and'the Upper
1 Province of Cnuada, there was a river,
the dividing line, only of one mile wide.The
peace of our citizens ih that quarter
' was daily and hourly exposed to violation
in the progress of this civil war in the ,
adjacent Province. Persons belonging
to both of the parties in this foreign contest,
would seek refuge, sympathy and aid ;
from our people, among whom there j <
might be individuals disposed to jeopard
the neutrality and peace of the country, i
in their anxiety to strengthen the cause,
which they espoused. It was exceeding- \
ly desirable that this should, if possble,
be prevented. Our own rights and liberties
were too precious to be jeoparded in
those premature and badly digested civil
broils between different .portions of the
same foreign people. The honorablej
Senator from Kentucky had ' expressed !
the proper sentiment on this subject.?'
But Mr. N. had only risen to express his
earnest solicitude, that to whatever Committee
the Executive message might be
referred, an early and prompt report would
be made. He only regretted that in other
and previous cases..of beligerent controversies
between different portions of other
foreign ^States, an equally rigid course
of neutrality had not been pursued. He
I- ? - 1 / iL TX .
Miew mm, so iar as me JEjXecuuve Had
been concerned, all its means bad been
exerted to preserve our neutral position.
But the laws were inadequate to the object,
and ought to be revised and made
stronger. <
yVIr. DAVIS most heartily concurred i
with the sentiments of the Senators who ! <
had preceded him, and also in the views of11
the Executive 011 this momentous subject. '
Congress, he considered, were under the 1
most sacred obligations to preserve the
present pacific relations between ourselves
and foreign powers. It was a duty we !
owed to ourselves and to other nations, to 11
preserve to the utmost, obedience to the i i
treaties existing, and to enforce rigidly i
their observance on the part of our citi-;,
zens with such nations, while with them
we continue at peace.
It seemed to him there had been too
long manifested by our citizens a disposi- <
tion to interfere with the affairs of our <
neighbors of the frontiers, and it would j 1
appear that the efforts of those whose du-; 1
ty it was'to enforce the laws had urged j 1
on and encouraged such measures, rather j
man laboring to suppress them. He had i i
no opinions to express relative to these ' i
facts, as connected with recent difficulties i
on our southern border, or in the affairs i
of Canada. It was a matter of deep re- (
gret that the -Government had not more 1
strictly enforced this duty, and equally I
did ho regret that the attention of Con- 1
gress had not been earlier called to the *
subject.
Some definita and decisive measures <
ha^Lpow become necessary, in order effec- 1
tuaTly to preserve our good faith and <
character as a nation. If the Executive , t
power was not strong enough, by all I
means enlarge it, by enacting new laws t
on the subject. Of all evils that could 1
now befall this nation, the most deplora-;
ble in its effects would be a war with j
Great Britain. j
We all well know the strength and t
power of that counlrv, find canallv well <
we know that our progress, improvement i
and success, is but a growing weakness, i
He would express his thanks to the Sena- 1
lor from Kentucky. (Mr. Clay,) for hav- 1
int* made mention of our unhappy diffe- 1
rences relative to the settlement of our I
northeastern boundary. He contended <
that it was more forcibly evident that our t
Government had too long slumbered and I
slept on this subject. Our difficulties, t
would now, on this score, be greatly aug- <
mented. In entering into an investigation 1
on the subject directly befoTe Congsess, t
it became also their imperative duty to in- t
vastigate this matter also. It was due to
the country to know whether Great Bri- (
tain docs or does not make practical use <
of this disputed territory. Whether, if <
there are not really roads and regular 1
mails established (throughout, it, is not I
made of practical- ptility; and if, over i
this same district, there have not been .
transmitted troops, munitions of war, and 1
supplies of provisions, for the use of their t
forces. It is not inqure, at this time, if '
she has occupied the territory by a civil
force or jurisdiction, but if she has no t
further made use of it than to carry troops <
acffeas, this point is gained. It is all the <
privilege the Government of Great Britain
w.ould ask ol us. It is all fthe wants. I
jV
lit terntM^^ tQ her aoi vortb briisft
except for such practical purposes.
After s^oiO remarks by Mr. BENTON
In fetor of the, motion to comihiObe
documents were referred to the Committee
on Foreign Relations. *
CANADIAN AFFAIRS.
Flrom the BttfaU Com. AAertfMr, Dec. 96.
BRITISH OUTRAGE..
STEAMBOAT CAROLINE BURNT!
Twenty-tun Licet Loot.
Cspt. Keeler, of the schooner Agnes
Barton, and F. Emmons, of this city,
hare just brought news by express from
Scholosser, of an attack made this morning
upon the steamboat Caroline,, lying
at the place, which resulted in the destruction
of the boSt, and the death of
twenty-two of her crew?only twelve
escaping! >
It i< stated thai the attack was made
about two o'clock, by five boats of armed
loyalists, containing from 100to 100 men,
who guarded the gangways, and cried "no
quarter 1"
Captain Applebee, of the Constitution,
who went dowu as pilot of the Caroline
yesterday, narrowly escaped with his life*
lie-received a flesh wdund, and was
Sursued into the storehouse adjoining. A ,
lr. Durfee, lately belonging loathe Stage
Office at the Eagle, in this city, lies on
the dock with his brains blown ouf.
The Caroline was then set on*fire, and
finally drifted out into the current, and
went over the fall's.
We give the above just as it was receirv
ed, without vouching lor any of the particulars.
It may be proper'to add, however,
that Capt. Kceler, as we arc informed,
saw. the results of the scene above
described.
An express has bcon started to ascertain
fulfy the facts.
Farther particulars of the capture of the
Caroline.
The 12 o'clock express confirm the hews
of this morning. It is said that the Caroit
? -
line wns tinea with visitors, add not soldiers.
The word with the loyalists was,
"No prisoners! no quarters!'*
Those who attempted to escape were
killed, with a few exceptions?the boat
was set on fire, and with the remainder
towed into the current on the Canadian
side, which soon carried her over the
Falls.
The loyalists gave three chuirs for
Victoria, and under cover of the darkness,
it is supposed, escaped the fire opened
upon the m from the island. Those ow
board the boat slept there, because the
public houses were full.
Cnpt. Harding, of the brig Indiana,
escaped with a severe wound in the head;
only one man was found ou the shore, the
one above mentioned; the rest reported
missing?there is little doubt, but they
went over the Falls with the burning
steamboat.
_ _ 4 o'clock, P. M.
? A letter has been received by Dr.
R. Johnson, from CJcn. Van Rensclacr,
that lhexBrilish forces aro actually landino
nn fir:inrl Tslntul
" "" . v
Correspondence of the Albany Evening
Journal.
Buffalo, Dec. 30.
Turlow Weed, Esq.
Dear Sir.?That you need not be deceived
by thousand rumors that you wil
t)f course receive from this frontier during
the present excited slate of our Cnnadien
relations, I will tell you the truth
is it is.
We are in a state of war !?Last eveting
the steamboat Caroline was attacked
n the dead of night, lying at tho dock, ?
it Shlosser, entirely unarmed, by about
30 British soldiers from the other side,
[Chippewa,) and some twenty persons
butchered in cold blood?the boat set oo
fire, burnt to the water's edge?and the
llTPpt nnuenrl Aim. dm Tl-- 1 -
?? ? w ? v v? W VI in V &' U I 19 X IIU JI^CipiC
on board Were mostly American citizens,
who hhd been attracted to the spot by
ruriosity?-expecting an attack .on Navy
island during the day. This did not oc:u'r,
they were invited by the Captain to deep
on board the boat, as the only place ?
hey could sleep?every house in fact oo
he whole frontier, being doubly and treby
occupied.
A. M. Durfec, who has been in the employment
of Air. Cce, for several years
past, was shot through the head in attempiug
to escape! A Mr. King, the Mate
>f the Charles Townscnd, was mortally
vounded?Captain Harding of the Indiina,
was very much injured in the head
py a cut from a cutlass, and was taken
o the brails for medical aid. Capt. Apple>y
of the Steamboat Constitution, after
peing bayoncltcd in the side, jumped
pverhnnrrl- awtim in il.o
? I i.v ?ne oiiui u niiu WUS
iaved. His boy about 14 years old was
tilled by liis sid, in the Cabin, previous
o his escape. You may judge from tiara
letail, though we have not of course
earned but a portion of the facts, that we
ire in the greatest possible state of com*
notion.
We had a meeting this morning of A
jreat numbca of our most respectable
utizens, at which, it was resolved that
Sen. Burt should call out 1000 men of his
>rigade, for the protection of their fronier
against Canadian aggressions; and
^commending the same course to Gen.
lacksen, of Niagara county. Expresses
lave been sent to Locknort and Kocbcser,
in both of which places is quite as
nuch feeling as with us.
The British force at Chippewa and in
hat vicinity, as near as wc can learn, is
ibout 3000, mostly militia* under charge
>f MacNab, the late speaker.
?r. Rolpli is here. Mackenzie, with
iris wife, are on the Island with the wpatr