Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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AM WH BlfBVIIt Among the principal addresses at tbs New York and Chicago Road Associa tes -fccWt convention at Eric; Pa^ waa one by Prank Z. Wilcox, of Syra cuse, in which tha need for and justice of gorcramcnt aid In constAictlng in > terstate highways on modern line was plainly and forcibly set forth. Mr. Wilcox said In part: "It has been skid that good roads are the nation's salvation. If that Is ; Co, then In proportion as Its roads are i Improved, . In just that proportion wjll valuation come to the nation, and sal vation Is not of much avA unless It be continuous and constant. ( "So chain or bond Is stronger than Its weskest link, and no hlghwsy can attain Its greatest usefulness unless It Is Improved Its entire length. If there be road Improvement In places or localities, and tben a, liquid morass^ of mud in other sections, the money expended on the Improved portions bas been practicaly thrown away. The methods we have been pursuing In road improvement have amonnted to a lilt or miss system, which equals uo system at all, and If any project In the wide world should be thoroughly sys tematized road Improvement should be that system, as It Involves an ex penditure of the people's money. Peter Cartwriglit on one occasion was asked ' by his bishop. If he was growing in grace. He replied that he was growing In spots. So far we have simply here and there Improved our roads in spots, and unless we make these improved spots continuous all our road work for road Improvement has been, and will be, in vain? a prodigal waste of . time, energy and money. Our fore fathers in this country, contrary to the experience of centuries. Inaugurat ed the present townships method for the construction, care and maintenance of the public highways. This system we have followed for more than ? hun dred years, and results have shown thst It is vicious, with scarcely a re* deeming feature. Experience lias demonstrated that no general road Improvement worthy the name can ever be accomplished with out State or national aid. It Is un necessary for U8 here to apeak of the old Roman roads or .tfie continuous lines of national highway now. existent In Europe^ as tlfttsc are all mattenfc'of record, due small community or town ship can never plan or act for other communities or townships In the con struction of interstate roads nny more {han in t other matters affecting the general good. There must be a strong centralized jgower . rjfiJUagJ&r all these communities cr towns In matters that art of a common interest to all, and what matter is of more Interest and Importance to all con^munltyes or to all the people than tlie coin Aon, road. <leod roads of lfnff coatlitoot^ llfte are necaitary for the Mgfcest ?nd beat fle vetop^ent of the nation. "Primarily the common roada are foi" the farmer and the agrlcult?m|l?M?* anuniUea. ..and Anything that agr done to foster this important Acfor ilie agricultural interest? in national life should be undertaken without do lay. .'if *' -fy* A W>*T#re?|l?^lU>e#le.< f . Ahtdmoblle owners and the driving public as well will watch with intense Interest nn experiment made fit West lleld, N. J? In Uie use of tar sprinkled over n macadamized roadbed to abnb Isli those twiu nuisances, dust and mud. In France this schcmc has been tried, It is said, tor some time, with much satisfaction to the automoblllst The plan is simple. > The surface of the inatarinmized road is cleared of dust and loose material. Then boiling tat Is sprinkled over the road, lightly, and the screenings put back and rolled. The tar finks Into the bard bed, bind ing the stone anew and forming a new faee on top. It Is claimed that It also waterproofs the roadbed and also addt life to,|t, | Macadamized roads turn Into dust and blow away. Ruts are formed by constant wear in soft spots, nnd when It rains a pasty mud collects that >? Just as objectionable as is the dust. The tar sprinkling Is intended to do uway with all this. 1. In the experiment a piece of an or dinary country road, sixteen feet wide, just outside of Westfleld, N. J., watl taken. Two sections, about 2000 fed long, wefe used. Qn one the tac wa? run over the roadbed with tb&duet end screenings Jnet as they lay. On the other the road was swept to the hard surface and tbeh the tar was applied In botU Instances the result seemed tc meet with the approval of the road making experts present. The tar was put on In a very crudv fashion by hand from a big watering can. ItJiad penetrated nearly an iucb after ifeing on the road only tbrc< hours, and In a short time after It wa? laid there was no tracking on It, and It did not splatter on wheels driver over It. II. ' W. Merkel, chief forester and constructor of tho zoological section of Bronx Pnrk, said he was very favor ably Impressed by what he say, al though the conditions were most un favorable. He Is going to try It on tb< Bronx Park on a section of Kast Rivet walk, along the banks of the Bronx A section of Cropsey avenue, Batb Beach, Brooklyn, is also being experl mcntcd on, under the supervision ol Director of Highways Fort. The cost of trentlng a road In thli ?way with tar is estimated at between $400 and $500 a mile for a road sixteen feet wide. This would require tt00( gallons of tar to the mile.? New York Herald. TVI4* ?tr Harrow Tlr*a. On good roads the Michigan statldn found the draft of wklo and narrow tires about equal. On plowed land rarrow-tlred wagons pulled forty-flve per cent, .harder than those with wktc tires; in *and tVro Wclies deep twenty five per cent, harder, and on sod sixtees per cent, harder. A wagon not greased pulled eighteen per cent, harder thaif ?nn well greased. 5 t * 1 Is bo personage more deeply tad deferentially aware of Ills o?a butlsr; Darwl of th?%ii^dPlNd after4 Jie health of the famous naturallatr irbo lu)d been somewhat ailing, replied* ?onUMtUlj that he did not doubt hla? Skamn would be better **if only to xmld find something to do!** The pa at and minute research In wfSi be ^NF Dffarin engaged struck his mind is merely a foolish and fussy form of trifling, not worthy to be considered in occupation. If, Instead of bother* ing about the digestive capacity of worthless Insectivorous plants, the fgsa^man had grown cabbage# or raised roses, the gardener's opinion of blm would doubtless hare been higher. The gardener of Professor Huxley* with equal unconsciousness of doing so, also cast a Slnr upon his renowned employer. Mrs. Huxley, fearful that he might be overworked, had inquired If he did not need some assistance. "No," came the reply; "the place is not very large, and Mr. Huxley Is al most as good as another man." Better1 than either of these trne tnles Is that of the butler lu a line oid Eng lish family, whose long service had caused him to feel a personal and pro prietary Interest in the sons and daugh ters of the house. He could not acquit himself of a sense of responsibility for their manuers and conduct, and when at a large dinner-party he noticed one of them, a young girl who Iiad but recently entered society, devote an amount of attention to her agreeable neighbor on the right obviously In ex- I cess of that accorded to the less fas cinating gentleman on her other side, his perturbation Increased till it could no longer be borne In silence. Under pretense of passing her a dish, I he managed cleverly to whisper In her ear: "A little more conversation to the left, miss." ? Youth's Companion, WORDS OF WISDOM, Man proves his liberty by Lis loyalty to law. He who makes friends makes the best fortune. 1 Evil Las a Rood servant in the man who is proud of his doubts. It takes more than taste for fried chicken to make a Rood pastor. i Opportunity makes the great. rilfTer enqe IvettVeen ? the greedy and the grafter. I Men who pride themselves upon lte Ing hardbeaded, are often mere tools In the Bands of other men. Children have moral measles some times. Only let them alone and they will get well of themselves. There is 1 a tHse herb "ft fhe garden?, and it is called Thyme.? S. Weir Mitchell. Re^l character is not outward con duct, but quality of thinking. The teathinj^ of the Ggeat Eaeqpplfr on his poll* was vamljkvk bfct #e^porlcL | law, inbred its saemlflc 'exactness.? Henry Wood. good, to keep life pure ng elements, to make It elpful In little ways to are touched by it, to keep >'s spirit always sweet, and avoid all maimer of petty anger and Irrita bility? that fs an Idea as floble as it Is difficult.? Edward Howard G^gs. No Kralatton For Cat*. ' If Js proposal to devote cultural and protective activities to the base as well an the qj>ex of the cat pyramid ?to struggle to advance the welfare of the democratic many rather than the aristocratic few. Although respect must be felt for the worthiness of the motive inspiring those promoting this reform, experience has bred cynicism concerning its success. Evolution works in all things exccpt In the cat spades. Puts whs in ancient Egypt; she Is now. As the witty Frenchman said, "She is a creature, whether of the parlor or the ridgepole, which scorns by dellcAte design to devote her days to civilization and her nights to barbarism." The cat aristocratic and the cat democratic, even mpre than the colonel's lady and Judy O'Grady, are "sisters under their skin." The one Is not as far al>ove the other, or the other as far below the other as Madi son Square's cat exhibit would suggest. The wild native? music, the pibroch of the race, comes as quickly from one ns the other. Through all the ages she has been unchangeable, and as culture at the top has not modified, so culture at the bottom would not.? New York ?lobo. * > ? Popularity of Baifefoot, Sandal. Contrary to all expectations, the barefoot sandal is here to stay, and thousands of pairs are dally being made up for next season. It was tho general opinion last season, when so many of them were worn, that the sale must have reached its climax, but more than twice as many have been already sold than were produced all last sea son* The barefoot sandal Is here to stay. Not only are .they being made for tfie little ones, but many adults are buying them for houEe slippers, be cause of their wearing qualities. A salesman, Just returned from his Western trip, says out West there is as much demand for sandals as East and South. While the barefoot sandal Was originally Intended to be worn at *the seashore and summer resorts, this salesman remarked tliat there were hundreds of children out West who never saw the seashore that woro barefoot sandals, being to them the Ideal comfort and health 'shoe.? Shoe Retailer. Humanity In Firemen. After rescuing the human inmates of *ome premises in Westminster Hrhlge road, which caught tire early last month, some firemen again entered the burning building !n the hope of saving a little retriever pup which was mak ing frantic efforts to escape. They suc ceeded In bringing out the dog? but It died soon afterwards. The National Canine Defense League have now shown their appreciation of the gallant conduct of tho firemen by presenting each with a handsome address, in whlcl details of tile gallant act are ffelljr given.? London Telegraph. \Z" m ? o v * i. QUESTION. Little Lucy Lieklt 8k* hasn't snjr pocket? Ho viae* to carry anything at all; mil* Lucy's broth* rB^nny He has so very mapy, , * la which to put his marbles, top, or tall, That when he's in a harry Tie sometimes quite a worry To find the one he wanta among them all. II. Now why should Lucy Ticket Not have a little pocket ? A hsndv little pocket in her dress? And why should brother Benny, Who doesn't need so many, Be favored with a dozen, more or less? The reason, if you know it,. FUNNY JAPANESE CUSTOM. On New Year's day in Jnpuu every house is decorated with one or more rakes, on which the goddess of goo?t fortune or a money safe appears. These rakes of Kumudes are plain or very handsome, according to the state of one's purse. The wealthy people think that they attract good fortune for the next year If they buy an elab orate rake, often paying as high us t\yenty-tlve dollars for the emblem. THE AMERICAN EAGLE. Our bald-headed eagle, so railed be cause of the feathers on the top of his are white, was called the Washington Eagle by Audubon, the great natural ist. Like Washington, he is brave and fearless, and as his name and greatness are known the* world over, so can the eagle soar to heights beyond others. The eagle was adopted as the em blem of the United Stutes in 1785. since when it has been used on the tips of flagpoles, coins. United States seals and on the shield of liberty. A SEE-SAW SWIMMER. Cut the tops of two long corks Into wedge shape, insert the corks firmly in the necks of two bottles of c<iunl height and place the bottles on the ta ble ubout tei. inches apart with the edges of the corks parallel to each other. Now try to balance a table knife on ^ne of the sharpened corks. If you succeed, reject that knife and try one with a heavier handle, for we must have two knives that will not balance unaided. Having found two such knives hold them level ou the corks with their points almost In con tact, moving the bottles 1' necessary. now TO HOLD TIIE SEESAW. nnd set on their point* n small, thin wine glass or tumbler containing jiiHt enough water to make the whole affair baiance when you take your hands off It. So far you have accomplished a striking and "ticklish'' balancing feat nnd that 1h all. Now attach a bullet, coin or any small heavy object to a thread and carefully lower It Into the' water In the little glnns. As soon as the coin touches the water the glass begins to go down, the knives turning like see-saws on the corks nnd the more of the coin you submerge the lower goes the glass, so that If the coin Is large you will have a smash before it Is half under water. But you can pull it up at any Instant As you do so the glass follows as if It were glued to the coin and so yon can keep It see sawing up nnd down. Perhaps the reason of this is not clear to you. The coin is held up by the thread and does not touch the glass, so how can It affect It? Well, the coin Is not held up by the thread alone. The part that is under water is held partly by tlje thread and partly by the water which buoys it up with a force equal to the weight of an equa'? bnlk of water.- The coin, therefore, presses the water, nnd consequently the glass, downward with an equal force. Now when yor pull out the coin this extra weight is taken off. so the glass rises to its original position,? New York Evening Mail. A RAINY-DAY FAIRY. "K's Just too bad for anything." "I wish it would never rain again." "'Italn, rain, go to Spain!*? Hello, there's Aunt Fannie." The three little noses which had flat tened against the window-pane, be longing to three little faces that had been looking gloomily out upon the dreary prospect of a dull sky, an in cessant drizzle of fine drops, and soaked earth, were suddenly with drawn, and the patter of three pairs of feet were heard racing at a lively rate toward the door. "Hello, little folks! What does this mean? Yow look solemn an owls." "We are," answered Flora, positive ly. "You are owls?" quizzically laughed Aunt Fannie. "Then go off In the dark somewhor^ and blink. I don't want anything to do with owls. 1 came here to have a Jolly tluio with a band of Jolly children." "How can anybody be Jollj on ? rainy day?" demanded Hagb, the elder of the two brother*. "Why, easier than being In the dnmps, I should think. Why don't yon try to do something to amuse Hsry and cheer him op? You soon would forget your disappointment." Hugh's disappointment was that he was to have gone .to a picnic that dsy, bnt the ralu had spoiled It. "1 couldn't think of anjtblng to do. Hugh began t*? umj "There Is nothing to make amusement of after you hare been cheated out of a picnic." "Pshaw!" exclaimed Aunt Fannie. "The cheapest materials *a the world, will do. Here, fly around ana get some old spools, a few small round nails and n piece of pine box. and I'll show you how to make bushel* o* fun." in a few mtuflents Hugh came back with the things he li.nl been directed to And. wearing a more hopeful look on his f>?ce, ' ? ? * "Now." commanded Aunt j'annle. "you're to cut the ends off the spools so as to mak> wheels of them? four: two from the large spools for the hind wheels and two from the smaller spools for the front wheels. Here. Flora, hurry and sllr up the fire. Tlieu put a little flour and water In a tin cup, an~ we'll boll some paste. Now. Harry, go bring me that sheet of paper off the table." By the time the paste was boiled Hugh bad cut the euds off the spools and Aunt Fannie was trying to show him how to fasten them with the round nails to a block of wood so as to make the bod? and wheels of the wa gon. "Now use your knife, ** she said, "to shave out some tbln bass-wood side and end piecos for the wagon box. We can them together with pins. Hnrry up. Flora, with your paste, and while I'm pasting this cover on you take the scissors and cut out of the rest of the sheet of paper a lot of little men am* women just about the size to ride ill this wagon." Aunt Fannie bent a piece of paper bow-shaped, so ?n to make a white cover for the wagon, and this she fast ened on to the sides with the paste which Flora had made. "Now hurry up with your little men and women," she said, "and we will all go to the picnic in spite of the rain, for our wagon has a nlco waterproof cover like 'sie prairie schooners in which the people used to go West.** "Then let's take theui West.* Aunt Fannie," said llngli. "I don't care for picnics any more. I'd a great deal rather go out West." "Fo would I." said Flora. "Me, too!" exclaimed Harry. And so the little paper men and wo men were hustled Into the little paper covered prairie schooner, and Harry promised to be very careful (for he was to be horses and driver), while Hugh, armed with the knife with which he had been whittling and a stick for a gun, nfarched beside as a bodyguard against wolves and Indians arid Flora and Aunt Fannie went ahead to start a little camp fire and have everything ready for the people to camp out at the end of their first day's Journey across the platns. "What lota of fun!" exclaimed Hr.gh and Flora In concert, as the afternoon drew to a close. "Aunt Fannie is a fairy!" exelnltv^l Harry. "She makes such beautiful things out of -nothing." "If I am a fairy." she laughingly re plied, "I am glml I am a rainy-day fairy, because I think fairies are need ed worse on rainy days than thry are on bright ones."? Reformed Church Record. London'* N?w In>nrilTor?, Tliree examples of that curious in sectlvore the tenree have Just beeu received at the Zoological Gardens. These creatures', the largest of the group are peculiar to Madagascar, where they Inhabit the thick, low hush ou the mountains. They arc al'.icd tj> the hedgehog, but are nearly twice as long, much more slenderly built, aud have a flexible snout with which they turn up the ground in search of earthworms and Insects- -their chief food. The boiry is covered with hnir, which on the back is mixed wjth bristles and flexible spines, and when full-grown there is developed a collar or ruff of stiff spines. Unlike the hedgehog, they have no protective coat, nor con they roll themselves into a ball; but in lieu of these de fences they have long sharp tusks, with which they can bite sharply. In the cold seasou? from June to Decem ber? they hibernate In holes in the ground. At the commencement ot their sleep they are very fat, and nre much sought for by the i.atlves, who consider their flesh a great dainty.? London Telegraph. RmiM PreM i?n<l King P?t?r. The ukase directed against the free dom of the Servian press, which was issued by King Peter, was the retort of that monarch to a number of news papers which have recently held him up to approbrium. The Narodny List was the greatest offender In this re spect, for eoch day it came out with a question of which the following are samples: , "Who is the biggest rascal In Servla, and in what high place does he sit'/" "Who has, fomented all the troubles of the last ret'gnV" "On whose conscience lies the guilt of the murders of 1'rince Michael Obrenovltch and King Alexan der?" "Who condone* crime and puts a premium on treason?" sr.?#, the monarchical journals are n?'l m sqaaamlsh in their manner of deal, 'g with opponents. Referring to thd arodny List, a sotnl-offlclal Jour nal nys; "The scurrilous opposition rag evidently alludes to our sovereign," and adds that it should be suppressed. ? Londoil Chronicle. The baby "Chego," Just added to the Txmdon Zoo. was caught in the African Gaboon, and Is regarded by naturalists as coming between o gorilla and ? chimpaniee. 1 LITTLE BIT WOBBLT. I M war u old nun Trying to bum the day of wrath. Who bum an awful crooked track Ob the straight and narrow path. ? Dallas (Texaa) Km FRAGILE. Ted? "Tom broke the Christmas pres ent be gave bis wife." Ned?"Wbat was itr "He'd signed the pledge." ? January Smart Set. QUITE ENOUGH. Mrs. Crimsonbeak ? "Don't yon think a man ought to tell bis wife every thing?" air. Crimsonbeak? "No; only so much as be thinks the neighbors ought te know." ? Yonkers Statesman. HIS AIM. **Have you done anything to inspire public confidence in you?" "My dear sir," answered Sen a! or Sor ghum, "1 don't seek to inspire confi dence. 1 am lucky If 1 can avoid in viting suspicion."? Washington Star. HOW IT GOES. Harnes? "Howes snld be lmd the time of his life la^f night." Shedd? "That accounts for It. Howes Is terribly down in the mouth this morning. Ix>oks as though he hadn't a friend In the world."? ISostou Tran script. A FELLOW-FEELING. District Visitor? "I've just had a let ter from my son, Keggie, saying lie has won a scholarship. 1 can't tell you how delighted 1 am. 1 " lCustic Party? "I can understand your feelings, mum. 1 felt just the same when our pig won a medal at the agricultural show !"? Loudon t'uuci THESE IXAltGAIN I'KICES. A PLEASANT I'KOSl'ECT. He? "Here is gooil news for women. A high medical authority says that tho little toe will gradually disappear." She? *Wby is that good news for women He? "Why, if the little toe dlsap petirs, why not the other*? And if they all disappear, women will be able to wear smaller shoes."? Brooklyn Life. JUST LIKE A WOMAN. He? "Miss Blank and yonng Swift seem to be at daggers' points. 1 won der why?" She? "Ob, she once told a mutual friend that she wouldn't marry him If he asked her." He-" Well?" She? "Now It looks like she would never forgive him for not asking her." ?Chicago News. MAKING A SALE. "Let me see some of your black kid gloves," said a lady to a shopman. "These are not the latest style, are they 7" she asked, when the gloves were produced. "Yes, madam," replied the shopman; "we have had them in stock only two days." "1 didn't think they were, because the fashion paper says black kid gloves have tan stitches, and vice versa, i see the tun stitches, but not the vice versa." The shopman explained that vice versa was French for seven buttons, so she bought tbreo pairs.? I^ondon Tit> Bits. "R?r? ftnlcM*" In lfoaton. The lowest birth rate was in Ward Ten, 1.2 of the ward population. It would be unfortunote If all the wards had such ? record, for the deaths were considerably In excess of the births? 321 to 284. The sociologist might find food for reflection In the clrcumstonce that Ward Ten Is one of the principal apartment house districts of tho city. The apartment house discourages chil dren os a family element, and with tliem the birth rate.? Boston Herald. Jndson? "Has your wife still a mania for bargains?" Hudson? "Ob, yes. She never asks me for $5; It's always $4.98." ? New York l'ress. THE PROPESSOK. The Doctor? "You liave beard this new theory, 1 suppose, that eating meat causes appendicitis?" The Professor? "Yes. Dcllclously ab surd, isn't it? It is appendicitis that keeps you fellows eating meat while the rest of us are getting along on sub stitutes."? Manchester (.Eng.) Chron icle. NOT GENUINE. "Young Koos and his wife seexn to be devoted to each other." "O, that's tile way they behave in public. They're not so affectionate at other times." "Why, I thought they were just a pair of turtle doves." "No, they're merely a pair of mock turtle doves."? Philadelphia Press. SOUTHERN FARM JfOTES. FMM? OF MTERE9T TO THE PLANTER, SfOCEMM 9> MHO TRVCW GROW EM. a.JL Wfcj tk? H?Mt*r Win Hat VMM.** 1 . TV# are receiving a great many in quiries at present about churning and troubles connected witb churning, ?bowing that at this season of the year difficulty In churning is quite general. It Is with hopes of reaching some who may need help along this line that these few hints are offered. In order to understand and treat suc cessfully the troubles connected with churning, wc must understand the process of churning. The fat in milk and cream Is not in solution, but ex ists as minute globules. They are so small as to be seen only by the aid of the microscope. Churning is merely causing these little fat particles to unite until they become visible, then the butter is said to "break." When they have reached the size of wheat kernels the churning should be stopped. Therefore anything that tends to pro duce a hard fat. tends to prolong the time required for churning, because when hard, these little balls of fat will not unite when knocked together. It Is pertinent that we inquire what brings about this hard condition of tlie fat. Among the most important causes of hard fat may be mentioned the fol lowing: 3. Do not feed excessive n mounts of cottonseed meal and dry roughage. If possible, provide some succulent food like roots and ensilage. 4. See that the cream Is at the proper temperature for churning (sixty degrees to sixty-two degrees). 6. IMrouble Is experienced In churn ing, a vigorous souring of the cream will be found beneficial. During the fall and winter many times the cream does not readily sour, so it is kept at a high temperature. The quality of such butter is not good, A much bet ter method is to ndd a little sour milk or buttermilk to the cream and hold at or near the churning temperature until sufficiently soured.? J. C. Kendall, A. & M. College, West Raleigh, N. C. Hints About rc?rh??. ^Vhat Is a good peach soil? Tn a general sense, any soil, whether sandy or gravel, clay or alluvial, will grow a peach tree, but tree growth is not the greatest consideration. Good flavor, fine texture and deep, rich color of the fruit are prime considerations. Ex perience proves that a thoroughly drained, deep sand loam, resting on a red clay subsoil fulfills these require ments better than any other type of soil. These soils abound in North Louisiana. In traveling through this section we sec on every hand poach ?oils that the world cannot surpass. This is an Important factor in the problem of ultimnte success. Experi ence proves and scientific truth demon strates, that a high and dry elevation Is best. Water drainage Is Important and frost drainage is more Important. The peach has an inveterate tendency to burst Into bloom on the first ap proach of warm weather, and frequent ly, belated cold "snaps" cut it off, some times partially, sometimes completely. A high elevation will, therefore, af ford partial protection, as by reason of the difference In specific gravity, the cold air settles to the lower levels, while the warmer rises to the higher. Therefore, select tho highest location for the peach orchard available and give It the northern exposure. If planting on a large scale for com mercial purposes, the June buds will be found more profitable than one or two year old trees, by reason of dif ference In cost. The difference, how ever, In quality, variety, etc., Is unually unimportant. The June buds, more over. have the advantage of greater 1. Cows nearly dry. 2. Effect of food. 8. Cold temperature. There Is a change that takes place in both the size and texture of the fat globules tu milk as the lactation period advances. The milk from cows nearly dry or giving only small amounts of milk contain fat globules that are com paratively small in size and very tirm In texture, both of which returd the case of churning. Certain kinds of food tend to produce ft bard condition of the fat in milk. Bome grains, and especlaly cottonseed meal, cause the fat to become very hard. Too low a temperature is one of the ^iOst common troubles and the one most easily remedied. A few degrees of temperature makes a big difference. By using a dairy thermometer a few times you can determine the exact temperature to be used under your conditions, always bearing in mind that the lower the temperature that you can use and get butter in a reasonable length of time (thirty minutes), the bet ter will l>e the quality of the butter, and the more butter will be made. To remedy these defects, bear In mind the causes as noted above and take these precautions: 1. Try and hove some fresh cows In jour herd at this season of the year. 2. The churn should not be over half full. News of the Day. The Comte de Sampignoy d'Issancant over 60 yoars of age and living In the Boulevard' Beau Sejour, has been the object of systematic sequestration for several years on the part of his own servants, Henri Sabourin and his wife, who made him believe that all his fam ily had designs against him. The Count never left his home excopt in their company, broke with his family and made a will In favor of the servants. These are now being prosecuted for aslng undue Influence. C. E. Relyea, of Arlington, N. J., has within the last two years attained a remarkable physical development, nays the New York World. He relies chiefly on a remarkable development of the chest, having attained the phenomenal expansion of 14 Inches. Tn addition he has a remarkable control over his mus cles. which allow him to dislocate his shoulders without hurt to himself. By this means he is able to extend his arms several Inches below their natural reach. Relvea has Just returned from Europe, where he gave an exhibition before King Edward and received a medal ease In handling and of greater plastic ity In the hands of the operator ? that is, they can more ettKlly and aucceaa fuily be given the ileal red shape. This is a question about which peach growers differ very widely. Soma claim that fifteen by fifteen feet la suf ficient. Others say sixteen by eighteen. Many adhere to the general rule of twenty by twenty as giving the beat results In the long run. The latter distance we always advise. For the best results, planting should be done In November. Trees should be ordered to arrive about the 15th. The soil should be previously prepared and plauting should proceed at once. Tl?* Dairyman's Mistake. Owners of milk cows often make the mistake of supposing that a young cow. with her first calf will give only milk enough to keep tbe enlf in good condi tion. Aiul so the cow uiul calf are al lowed to run together, under the im pression that the cow can be taught all about submitting to being milked after she has had her second calf. Two mistakes, at least. are made in proceeding according to ibis view. Cows are largely the creatures of habit. With the first calf everything is new and strange to them, and they then readily submit to be milked, regarding it as all right. But allow the calves to run with the cows the first season, and a habit becomes formed which may not be forgotten or overcome in a lifetime. When they later submit to being milked, there is very apt to be an element of protest in the submit ting. We thus see some of the effects of one of the mistakes. The other, and perhaps greater, mis take brings us up faring the condition where the calf running with the sow draws milk every hour or two. so tbnt the milk vessels an* not distended with milk, though the quantity secret ed in a given time may be quite large. And yet this is the proper time for distending the milk ducts and expand ing the udder to a good capacity for holding milk. If the wrong course is taken about these matters trouble is almost cer tain to be realized when the next or second calf comes. Then the wish will be to have the milk lvtainirl for twelve hours. If an error like tlir.t to which we have referred was made at the outset the udder is now more liable than it otherwise would be to become hard; perhaps milk will be found leaking from the teats; perhaps nature accom modates the quantity of milk to the capacity to retain in. ami so the cow. becomes permanently a smaller milker. Much of the future character of the cow depends on the way in which she Is managed and cared for when she has her first calf.? Home and Farm. Who Mad* Money? The orehardlst who had tho Intelli gence and Industry to spray hi* poach and apple trees not loss than throe times. Mr. E. Klehl, one of the larg est apple growers of Illinois, is now, harvesting his ninth successive fancy, apple crop. He has sprayed his or chard every year for ten years. Tho sproylng with the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green have kept the foliago of Ills trees healthy and vigorous, and there have been no insects or fungi to damage the buds, lie sold his apples at the best prices in the market, sim ply because he sprayed and kept his trees In the best of condition. Apples of Ills class are now selling in tlie Nashville market at per bushel, while unsprayed apples grown in Ten nessee are selling for 75 cents. Why do not the fruit growers of the South fertilize, spray and cultivate their or chards in a way that would make then) very proiituble? 1'egin priming in No vembcr and continue !<> put the tree# in a healthy, vigorous condition be fore spring, spraying in February.? Key, in National Frr.it Grower. IrrlRittod unit l Onions, During the past season an experi ment has been conducted at the Ilee ville (Texas) substation on the subject of the relative cost and yield of irri gated and unirrlgated onions. One twentieth acre plats wore used In the experiment and accurate nccou kept of the cost of labor for cultivation, irrigation, etc., on each plat. It was found at the end of the season that the cost of the one-twentieth acre irri gated plat was about ?1.27? more than that of the unirrlgated. while the yield was 1000 pounds greater for the flrst nomed plat. As the onions sold locally at two cents per |>ound, this made A protlt of about ?-0 on the one-twentieth acre in favor of irrigation. During the period of the experiment five inches of rain foil, but this was so distributed that full benefit was not received by tho crop. Ilad it not been for an op portune rain in tho early part of April, it Is probable that the unirrlgated plat would have been almost an entire rail ure.? E. C. G., la National Fruit Grower. Pointed Paragraph*. Hope Is the ono thing yoti can't bunco the average man out of. It is just aa easy to find fault with a tallow candle as with an electric light. Many a man doesn't know what he It talking about until after It is too late. You may have observed that a good many people wear shoes on their un derstanding. Just bccnuse Hs wife uses a little powder is no excuse for i;nn coming homo half-shot. No woman can tell whether a hat la becoming to her or not until the oarer tains the price. If tombstone epitaphs were reliable, his satanle majesty would havo to look for another job. Bishop William Frazer McDowell, who has been elected president of the Religious Education Association which has Just convened In Boston, la the sec retary of the Methodist board of edu cation. Ho was one of tho original members of the association,