The people. (Camden, S.C.) 1904-1911, February 16, 1905, Image 6
iiHu tiw 1M ?l MM SmM*.
H
BXRY P. MORRISON,
?ember Am. fee. C. R^
My*: The eercreet eeot*
osgr la the >mi>dlin> of
public fundi that cu be
pnetktd ti an locality will never
wietiid la making tbe tax gsth
/ acpr a welcome font This will be
. true bmaM t* the maw he -brines ?
borlm and a difficult problem la
8mw To a taw bis cocaine Is re
stated because they bare do apparent
: interest in either the betterment or the
decent malntenanc of their borne local
ity. Keeping tbeee facts In mind It Is
not difficult to understand that the ta?k
of bettering tbe highway system of a
State, county or town is no easy mat
- ter, and that It is one in which the ob
stacles Increase' la proportion as the lo
cality to be improved Is removed from
the centres of population and financial
activity. Therefore the honed advo
cate of good roads, who hopes to suc
ceed,. must point tbeee fscts to the
farmfr: that with care' and Intelligent
treatment a large mileage of hla home
dirt road system can be made fo an
swer for years to come; that the only
help the good roads people require of
the farmer la that be stone, gravel or
otherwise Improve such mileage of his
local highway ayatem as cannot be suc
cessfully maintained in Its present
shape; and that his State stsnds ready
to-day to aid him financially In the
matter, or will In all probability be able
to do so before the adjournment of Its
next legislative body.
The highway aystem which accom
plishes the greatest good Is the system
which Is available for economical
transportation at all seasons of the
year. ? highway system like the afore
aald is not Infrequently the result of
an expenditure which would render
this same system sn Impossibility In
many farming localities; yet these lo
calities are to-day absolutely lu need of
better roads In order that their citizens
may compete successfully.
Localities are not wiped from the
'traveler's map because the roads whlcli
lead to them are not macadamised, but
they are left out because the roads of
dirt are Improperly cared for. Through
lack of expenditure In permanent road
improvement or Intelligent mainten
a nee of existing dirt roadr how many
localities, dircctly in the line of profit
Able, and frequent road traffic, are ab
fohitely cut off because bad roads di
vert the travel! The citizens of the af
flicted community not only lose the
probable commercial vslue of this
Traffic, but win the enmity of the trav
eler because their road conditions rob
him of thf opportunity to make his
journey In a direct and therefore eco
nomical manner.
. Not Infrequently investigation will
show that the community which per
mits the condition of Its road system
to stand as n barrier to Its own pro
fiTcii, and an element of unnecessary
expense to the traveler, simply main
tains thnt position because Us citizens
honestly bolievo that they have not
the financial ability to do otherwise.
In all probability that community had
. c?t!m**??s furnished as to the probable
cost of improving its highways. These
estimates, when received, disheartened
the citizeus of that community so that
they have put aside the question of
good roads as being for them an unat
tainable blessing. Whereas, had they
fallen Inlo the hands of a really expert
' road eugin?*tr, their money, no matter
how small in amount, would have been
invested In stoning the bad and direct
ing the treatment of the fair mileage
of their roads, and that community
would to-day havo been 011 the map of
accessible localities. In the past the
crime of it has been that engineer* who
had had no particular training for or
experience in highway work were con
sulted as to these improvements; the
result was that they seemed to know
but one sncclflcatlon for road Improve
ment, nnd thnt a specification which
callcd for such an expenditure of
money a* rendered It Impracticable iu
four out of every five communities.
' The necessities of our nation for bet
ter roads, nnd the financial Inability of
many of our farming districts to build
them, has forced and hastened, lif the
work of road Improvement, the same
severe economy In design nnd construc
tion practiced In other branches of en
gineering, with the result thnt the road
engineer of to-day Is not limited to one
speclficntion, and possesses extended
knowledge of the treatment of dirt
roads, and so applies It as to render
them available until such time ns the
funds can be raised for their perma
nent Improvement.
A decade ago the engineers who
handled road Improvement insisted on
h Uniform denth of stone in a road im
provement plan miles in length, and
finding its foundation on a hundred
nod one different soil conditions. The
rnfid engineer of to-day would consider
It quite as good practice to follow this
practice ns It would be for a bridge
engineer to design n bridge truss with
all its members of the same dimen
sions. Hut the present road engineer
ing- practice, so schooled as to take ad
vantage of favorable foundation condi
tions nnd reserve Its heavier expendi
tures for absolutely necessary loca
tions, coupled with the knowledge
which the rond engineer possesses in
the matter of bettering nnd maintain*
Ing earth ronds, will aid many locali
ties permanently yet Inexpensively to
better serious sections of their highway
system and economically maintain the
unimproved mileage.
TJ?e truth Is that no matter to what
\ pftfbortlons the good roads movement
iftif'Srtw the close of this century will
. ? still find a great mileage of highway
supporting vehicular traffic without a
road ^met It Is therefore plain that
J. the road Srihglne/r should not only be
^sMtfsd. la designing a variety of road
.coalings, bat fie should be and Is fast
J becoming a past master In tbe art of
. 'bettering disagreeable and dangerous
existing conditions on the earth roads
?f the country. The old time super
visor, maker and mender of n*ds, has
'by no manner of means outlived his
usefulness. Xhtre art hundreds of
'dh?as "' " ? ?
?StMMMriaitliaiMaiMMif4
ear* WiM. Mac qualified far tfa
tnk kf iNf ynn ef ftwurlw aal
shesrsa thin. The proper oipaiHttM
of i acM far tlw traiatag of im4
fttaftH ladnd* to fa
nn of MtenM experience te Ik*
toftOHni of earth roads.? Good Botfa
I believe that the glgaatlc taah of
bringing the highways of thla ceaatrj
to the highest standard possible la a
reform advocated la tho tatereet, the
direct perooaal interest of every ma a,
woman aad child ta theee Halted
State*, aad that It eoaetltatee a reform
from exiting conditions ae ' unselfish
and ae patriotic ae any movement nn
dertahea ta the last quarter of a cen
tury. Its foil accomplishment through*
oat the isbgth end the breadth of this
Nation would add Immeasurably to the
National wealth and promote the gen
eral development more than any other
one thing yet lsehlng In the Nation's
equipment for the final struggle for
world wide supremacy In the commer
cial wars among the nations. That
there Is such a struggle coming on no
one can doubt who gives intelligent
study to the trend of the modern com
mercial condition and clrcumstauces.
?Governor Bliss, of Michigan.
Aridi to Prosperity.
Nothing can add more to the prosper
ity of the State, nothing can serve to
Uft farm values so materially, uothlng
can bring summer tourists and resi
dents to settle and beautify and enrich
our valleys so much as permanent road
building.
I would not only urge the continu
ance of the present State tax, but I
would advise an Increase of the same,
and even moip liberal treatment.
And In this connection, and ss a cor
ollary. I would recommend that the
State begin a system of elimination of
grade crossings of both steam and
electric roads and the highways. .
The laws of Massachusetts and New
York furnish desirable methods. Pro
ceed slowly, but make a beginning.?
Governor McCullougb, of Vermont.
JAPAN'S ' HUMAN HORSES *
Tko rowor tad Kadaroneo of ta* r??*l
KUkduwmra.
The feats of which tho Japanese
ricksha wmen are capable are almost
Incredible. I remember somo years
ago of being driven ashore in a yacht
in the Inland Seu during a typhoon.
It was far beyond the trenty limits
which then existed, and foreigners
were not allowed to travel outside
those~iimlts without special passports
But the Mayor of the neatest fishing
village was kindness itself. Ho prom
ised to supply the best rlckshawmen
which the neighborhood could produce,
so as to take us to a railway station
some forty miles away. And he kept
his word, for the distance was covered
in less than six hours, including a halt
for refreshments. Kncli rickshaw wat
drawn by two. men, tandem wise, the
usual fashion when long distances have
to be covered. The leaders In escl
went through tho wliole distance, while
the wheelers, so to speak, were changed
half way. The road was over the
greater part of the distance little bettei
than a mountain track, and it was rain
ing most of the time, but there wat
never a break in our progress except
to allow the coolies to take off or put
on their clothes. They prefer running
in nothing but a loincloth, and do s<
whenever they get safely beyond thi
eye' of the police, who lmve order*
strictly to administer tyie law againsf
nudity.
The fare paid for this prolonged
journey was, If I remember rightly.
al>out tlirec shillings for each rickshaw,
the extra shilling being u gratuit)
thrown Jn for good service. I know
that It purchased so ninny blessing!
on my honorable head as cannot yet b?
quite exhausted. And having mad<
our farewells at the railway station
tho coolies started l>nr?k ar once foi
their own village.? London Mail.
WORDS OF WISDOM.
Excitement is but a poor thing to Tlv?
on.
Many consider a poor excuse bettei
than none.
Great blessings aro often held wait
ing for some small obedience.
, The Bible, In its wonderful itnd va
ried imagery, is the reflection of ull hu
man experiences.? J. 8. David. ?
lie who waits for God is not mis
spending his time. Such waiting If
true living? such tarrying is the truest
speed.? Joseph Parker.
That action Is not warrantable which
either fears to ask the. divine blessing
on Its performance, or, having succeed
ed, does not come with thanksgiving to
God for its success. ? Quarles.
Say oil that you have to say In tho
fewest possible words, or your reader
will be sure to skip them; and In the
plainest possible words, or he will cer
talnly misunderstand them.? Buskin.
Quick Is the succession of human
events. The cares of to-day are sel
dom the cares of to-morrow, and when
we lie down at night we may safely
say to most of our troubles: "Ye have
done your worst, and we shall meet no
more."? Cowper.
Churns Girls Mod th?t P??rage?
An epidemic of matrimony with
chorus girls has broken out again in
the British peerage. Three young lords
and a marquis are depleting tho stage
of tho same theatre. Contrary to the
recent announcement by the solicitor of
another peer that as soon as he had
married nn American heiress his debts
would be paid, these theatrical al
liances can have no flnnnciai motive.
Yet the chorus-girl marriages seem to
turn out as well as those arranged on
purely business principles. And mar
riages out of their own circle keep the
British peerage more virile than tho
Continental nobility with their .Inter
minable quarteringa.
lltNMM SIN.
Beports from Bangkok, the capital of
81am, are to the effect that the experts
of rice from the country of the white
elephant have been larger than ever be
fore In the history of the country. This
Is said to be due chiefly to the heavy
demand from Japan, During the first
nine months of the year the exports of
rice from Rlntn amounted in value to
more than 914,000,000.
WHEN LITTLE BROTHER'S SORRY.
Wton Httle kklkat'i Dtry,
Aedthee lA'il&l month
_TW*r* crows a tim* ssslls.
** .
Art skier ihtlm tor flaxen toad.
"Why, then," to cms. ."my kite?
Mr knife? My c*ndy lion?
jl'n only tod on* bit*!)
Ton won't tore any toys at all?
^ Why, then 111 give? you? this!
Beetw, yon Nt. Fa sorry ,
So. abtar, take a Um!
? Hkknta Q. Fernald* in Tooth's Com
panion.
THE SWINGING RING.
On days when it is too stormy or too
slushy to bo comfortable oat of doors
there is genera ly a strongly expressed
wlah voiced by the younger members
of the family that "there was some*
thing to do." The old games do not
always salt, and most of them require
too many playera. Let us solve the
problem.
Here is a pastime that Is real fan.
for it depends on skill. It is fan even
when played alone, for yoa can always
try to beat yonr own best previous
score, and every time you try it yoa
become Jast oo much more expert. It
is for girls aa well ss boys, so a brother
and sister can spend s Jolly afternoon
at it without either wanting to see any
friends, who are pretty sure not to
come in on a very bad day.
You need two nails, a string and a
ring of some kind, about six inches iti
diameter. If you have no old curtain
ring or something else of that sort,
you* can easily make a ring that will
serve your purpose perfectly well by
getting a thin piece of board, marking a
circle seren inches in diameter on its
surface, and inside of that another
clrelo six inches in diameter. Now
drive a nail in the ceiling, if tlicro is
no liook for a lamp or n chandelier nl
rendy there, and another nail In the
He looks at stater admiac
?SsSSEai
STABTINO THE SWINOINO KINO.
wall with it* licnd pointing upward at
an angle of about 4T? degrees. Suspend
your ring from the nnii in the ceiling
by a string Just long enough to allow
the ring to swing its centre over the
nail In the side wall and hang there.
Now you are ready to begin.
Stand by the nail in the side of the
wail with your right hand holding tlic
ring close to the nail. Now push the
ring away from you. trying to make
It swing back and hook over the rln?.
There! Of course you didn't do It!
The ring caine back and struck the
nail, but did not catch on it. In order
to catch on the projecting nail the ring
must swing in a circle. If you do It
once out of your first ten trials you are
lucky. It requires a very nice sense
of distance, a careful eye and a light
touch to do It Just right. Not so easy
ns It seems. Is It?
It takes a lot of practice to score
three out of five trys. Get your brother
to try it with you, and he will be as
tonished to find he Is no better at this
than you are. In fact, girls are best at
this game, and, strange as It may
seem, their Judgment of distance more
accurate.
Try a game of fifty points, with
"Innings" of ten points each.
Of course the winner is the one who
rings the nail the most times out of
the flfty trials.? New York Mail and
Express.
TIIE GOLDEN SPIDER.
A gilded tyrant, with vclvetry Mnck
markings. Is the huge golden spider,
sitting In her house woven of silken
meshes. Her weaving, too, is marvel-'
ously strong, and the six guy ropes
that support hrr swinging habitation
soiye Ave feet long. And what may
Madame Spider be watching for? Ah,
a gay green grass hopper, that, with
more athletic action than wisdom,
springs right Into the very midst of
Madame Spider's net. And she has
been on the alert for Just such a vic
tim. The web swings to nnd fro with
such violence that one would expect
It to be torn to shreds. But no, before
the stupid grasshopper can possibly
kick himself loose, and, notwithstand
ing his struggles have torn a large
rent In the web. he finds himself en
cased in a silken shroud, deftly wov*
en by his enemy, and in this he swings
helplessly. Then Madame Spider
comes down her alga** stairway and
sises up her catch; maybe gives him a
little nipping bite, and then leaves him
to hit fate, nntll such tiroes as she
wishes to serve him up for the family
dinner.
There are many of theae great gold
en spiders In thickets. All of them
look sleek and well fed. There Is an
American spider which haunts ever
green trees and catches Its prey by
means of a laiio. The web of this
?pldsr to lilaig^if la torn, coastot
ing of foor MgttaflMl lines awl *
tors* number sf crow Ibrw cowiwct
to< them. Twf wym Qf the trlan
Sta ax* attutal to twtsa. bat the other
comer, which tormtoatee la ? single
thread, to held hgr the spider, perehlns
aa a oelsbborias teris. When a fly
strike* the web the spider loosens h|s
bold aod the elastic threads Instantly
entangle the victim.
If you aachor a pole la a body of
water, learlas the pole above the sur
face. and pat a spider upon It. be will
exhibit a marvatooa Intelligence by
bis plans' or escape. At first he will
spin s web several lucbes long snd
hang to one end. while he allows the
other to float of In the wind In the
hope that It will strike some object.
Of course, this plan proves a failure.
He waits till the wind shifts, perhaps
and then sends another silken bridge
floating off in another direction. An
other failure to followed by several
other similar attempts until all points
of the compass have been tried. But
neither the resources nor the reason
ing powers of the spider are exhaust
ed. Re climbs to the top of the pole
and energetically goes to work to con
struct a silken balloon.
He has no hot air with which to In
flate It. but he has the power of mak
ing It buoyant When bo gets his
balloon finished^ he does not go off
upon the mere supposition that it will
carry him, as men ofteu do. but he
fastens it to a guy rope. He then pets
into his aerial vehicle while it is fust
and tests it to see whether its dimen
sions are capable of bearing him away.
He sometimes finds that he had made
It too small. In which case he ban I* It
down, takes it all apart aud constructs
it on a larger and better plsn. A spid
er has been seen to make three differ
ent balloons before he became satis
? fled with his experiment. Then he
will get in, anap bis guy rope nnrt sail
away to laud as gracefully and ns su
premely Independent of his surround
ings as could well bs imagined.
The diving bell Is considered to be
a great invention, yet long before man
thought of his diving bell the water
spider had hers. In which she reared
Iter numerous fpmlty. There are sev
eral remarkable things about this nest.
One of them is the nu.nner in which It
is made.
In that business-lifce mapner which
characterizes all spiders, she boldly
plunges Into the water snd walks down
the stem of a pond weed. When she
hss selected n suitable position for her
silken palace &he flexes a number of
strong lines in all directions for an
chorage. Then hi the midst of theae
she constructs a beautiful web. some
what In the shnpe of a thimble, but
not quite so large. It to full of water,
and therefore not like a diving bell.
How Is the water to be got out aud
replaced with nir?
The true explanation Is wonderful.
She carries tin* w lio!f ;f the air re
quired from the r.urface. Her body
and legs are covered with grayisii
l.alr; she plunges quickly Into the wa
ter. The movement la so rapid II:at
the air has not time to escape from
her liairy cont. and she goes down
snrrounded by globules of hair. When
across the threshold of her own home
she carefully dislodges this nir by rub
bing herself with her legs. The liber
ated bubbles Immediately rise to tlio
roof of her house nnrt there remain.
In this way slip at length fills the
whole bell and lakes up her position
in it. always head downward. Here
she passes the winter, keeping snug
and quiet until the warm days of
spring Invite her to the surface in
quest of flies and other stunli insects.
? Lipplncott's Magazine.
Tim Country Pr?i.
One of the fnest tributes to the
country newspaper that has ever been
rendered was contained in a recent ad
dress by Senator Chauncey M. Depew
before the New York Peess Associa
tion. Mr.'Depcw said: "I pny my re
spects to and express my admiration
for the country newspaper and the
country editor. Ills lines are not cast
In places of the great and1 profitable
organs of the metropolis, whose profits
ire reckoned often by the hundreds of
thousands of dollars every year. But
the country editor lives In and is pnrt
of his community. His virtue Is not
so much in what he prints as in what
he refuses to print. He could easily
destroy the peace of the community
by admitting to his paper the scandals
and gossip of the neighbors. But be
stands as a censor and a guardian of
public morals, and I know of no con
ditions under which the public is ap
pealed to In a certain measure where
the utterance Is so free from criticism
as the general tone of the country
press.**
Olil.Paihlnn'it
In the schools of a Connecticut town
measures were taken recently to test
the children's eyesight. As the doctor
finished each school he gave the prin
cipal a list of the pupils whose eyes
needed attention and requested liiin to
notify the children's parents to that
effect.
One night, soon after the opening of
the fail term, a little boy came home
and gave his father th? following note,
duly signed by the principal:
"Mr. : Dear Sir? It becomes my
duty to inform you that you son shews
decided Indications of astigmatism, snd
tils case la one that should he attended
to without delsy."
The next day the father sent the fol
lowing answer:
"Dear Rlr? Whip It out of him. Tours
truly, ."?New York News.
All Ars Gardens**,
Japan Is a nation of gardeners.
Every man, womsn and child Is pas
sionately fond of flowers, tiavdemng
It ? religion
POPULAR
SCIENCE
. . F^satiaa If a had of lowm. Bot
aaw> tail us that thera are 2S00 dlf
fsr sat kinds. The eastern ran girca
tha co tore a brightnsss they seldom
have in our haay dime. The wild flow,
era are somewhat localised, so that
acres, and Indeed miles, take their hue
from a single flower.
Diamond cutting op to a recent time
was nearly all done abroad. Holland
being the chief centre of the Industry
for some centuries, but of late a Rood
deal of It has come over to America,
where electrical machines are used lu
the work to great advantage In all
ways. European work has slwsys been
doae by hand, as It still Is. and the
lapidaries there are only Just waking
up to the knowledge that artificial
power can be applied. Besides cutting
real gems, the machinery employed
here turns out great qusutltles of ar
tificial ones, which now rule the mar
kets of the world.
, Weather forecasters In the British
Isles have worked .at disadvantage.
The disturbances largely approach
from the west and southwest, aud lu
those directions the Atlautlc has kept
the observing station* too far away for
effective reports. The old of wireless
telegraphy Is now being Invoked. Ef
forts of the Meteorological Council to
make arrangements with Lloyd's have
failed, but private enterprise has uow
stepped In and the approach of future
storms Is to be signalled from ships
crossing the ocean. It Is expected that
In winter, when the western coasts of
Bdrope are often swept by severe
gales, the warnings will be of great
value.
Wlieu we read of the men wlio in
habited the caves of Europe at a time
when mammoths dwelt on that con
tinent, we seem to have gone back to a
period so Immeasurably remote that
we can hardly- picture in the mind's
eye the appearance which the repre
sentatives of our race then presented.
Yet, according lo Professor E. B. Ty
lor, the natives of Tasmania "remained
within the present century representa
tives of the Immensely ancient Paleo
lithic period." Becent studies of the
relics of the Tasmanians. who became
extinct when brought into touch with
modern civilised man, show that tin?
workmanship of their rude implement*
was below that exhibited by the "drift
and Cave men" of Paleolithic times.
The Smithsonian Institution has pub
lished a new edition of Dr. Langley's
"Experiments In Aerodynomics," flrst
printed eleveu years ago. In summing
up Dr. Langley speaks of the prospects
for the future somewhat as follows:
Since that time, he says, he tins demon
strated tbnt m?chanical tilglu is pos
sible by actually performing it with
steej flying machines nearly one tlion*
sand times heavier tbau air, driven by
steam. These machines weighed front
thirty to forty pounds, and flew from
one-half to three-quarters of a mile
at speeds varying from twenty to thirty
miles an hour. It is believed by Dr.
Langley that the time is now very near
when human beings will be transport
ed at high velocities, though perhaps at
first under exceptional conditions, such
as are demanded in the arts of war
rather than of peace.
Dignity and Influence.
T!i<? Influence of the editorial depends
npon the character of the journal in 1
which it appears, maintains l-'ourth |
Estate.
If the newspaper notoriously lacks
sobriety of judgment, decency and so- .
riousness of purpose, Its editorials are i
necessarily Inconsequential, trivial,
silly and 'of no interest to intelligent
persons.
The opinions of a mountebank, who
stands upon his head and twiddles his
toes by way of exordium and to attract
attention, are not listened to with re
spect, and it is not to be wondered at
that in time he should come to the con
clusion that the people do not want <
opinions, and that toe twiddling is the
only thing really worth while.
In journalism, as in the law. politics,
theology, science and philosophy, the J
value and weight of opinion, are In
exact proportion to the character and
reputation of him who pronounces It.
If the readers of a newspaper haVe
confidence In Its sincerity, serious
ness, ability and fidelity to what It be
lieves to be the public Interest, they
do much more than glance at its ed
itorials, and that newspaper exerts a
very marked Influence upon the thought
of the community In which it Is pub
lished, and is recognized abroad as a
reliable exponent of Intelligent public
opinion.
Whnt German Navy la For.
In an Interview printed in the Nine
teenth Century and After, Count von
Buelow undertakes to show that the
new German naval policy is not aimed
at Great Britain. A wnr between Ger
many and Grent Britain would be good
fortuue for their rivals, says theChaiv
cellor. While such a war "would com
pletely destroy German trade, ss far as
one can Judge, aud would seriously
damage British trade, our rivals would
utilize the opportunity for securing the
markets of the world without tiring a
shot."
The Chancellor says Germany's navy
Is purely for defensive purposes, aud
remarks that "foreign countries must
reconcile themselves to tho fact that
the German merchant beyond the seat
Is no longer the poverty-stricken crea?
ture who must content himself with
picking up the crumbs from under the
tnble. He now takes his seat next his
fellows, and we are fully entitled to
stand up and defend the rights which
are ours In company with the citizens
of other nations."? New York World.
CAfiha Are Neeaaaary.
A Pittsburg educator tell us cooks are
psM more than teachers. Oh, well,
one must eat, while, on the other hand,
at a pinch a man can mako hla mark
to a contract Involving millions.? N.
Y. Telegram,
On* Man Spill.
A bench of aoven magistrates at
Walsall, Englaud, announced that they
were "equally divided" In opinion of
a case, and that no decision would be
giveou
SOUTHERN * FAR* * fiOTES
itne?trmnt$r n tkihjutu. s net mam mo tmcx mown.
What la It car be raised on fifty
acre*? This depends upon the man
and the land. If the right man and
twaorty-flre cows are on the fifty acres,
the crops will be enormous and tbe
money returned big. The right man
will raiae on alx acres corn for ensilage
at least ninety tons.
Bight acres corn to mature corn, 400 1
buahela.
Eight acres corn to mature stover,
ten tons.
Ten acres winter oats to thrash. 400
bushels.
Ten acres wlnte* oats to straw, seven
tons.
81* acres of oats ror bay, fifteen tons.
Three acres of rye for spring feeding,
to May 15.
Four acres of wheat for spring feed
ing, to June 13.
Two acres millet green feeding, to
July 10.
One acre of turnips, SCO bushels.
Ten acrea of winter oats lot sown to
eowpeaf will give of hay twelve tons.
Three acres of rye land planted to
aorghum will give green feed to to No
vember 1.
Six acrea of tbe oat land planted
closely to corn will make storer fifteen
tons.
So the fifty aeres will yield in tons
170; In bushels 1600; In summer freen
feed for elgbt months, and have ten
acrea left for a permanent pasture.
The product of tbo fifty acres if fed
to tweuty-flve good cows will produce
a huge pile of manure to be returned
to the land aud year after year cows
may be added, until this will support
one cow to each acre.
Should the owner make butter his
account would be about as follows:
RECEIPTS.
7600 pounds butter sold at 17
cents *127.".
15 calves sold at $3 43
20 shoats fed on t>kim milk and
?corn will make 3000 pounds
of pork at S cents 300
Total $1<J20
EXPENSE.
Wages to good helpers $500
Flvo tons wheat bran 120
Five tons eottonsccd meal 150
Total $750
Cain $870
If the farmer's family can do all
the work, as Is often the case.
$500 may be added, thus. .. . $500
Total $1370
which Is a pretty fair sum of money;
but this will he larger each year as the
land becomes more productive and a
herd Is kept.
If product of the cows is sold as
fresh milk, the Income would be:
RECEIPTS.
Twenty-five cows yield 75,000
quarts of milk at 2% cents
per quart $1875
expense.
Same as for producing butter. . $370
Gain $15:>5
Tbe cost of enre for thirty to thirty
five cow h is but little more than for
twenty-five; so A the herd has thirty
five cows the pain would be near to
$2000 per year.? C. C. Moore, Dairy
man, of North Carolina.
LlT?<lo?k mid I'ro?porl(jr.
The North Carolina Borjnl of Agri
culture bulletin has the following o?i
"Livestock iu Its Relation to the Pros
perity of Rockingham County," by A.
L. French. The dcmoral'zation in the
prloe of cotton should cause many
farmers to turn to livestock as a factor
In prosperity, and we, therefore, pub
lish Mr. French's suggestive remarks:
I have been asked to talk upon tbe
subject of "Cattle." out if you will par
don me I would like to taik along the
line of general livestock In Its relation
to the prosperity of Rockingham Coun
ty. As I was coming over this morn
ing, I made a little mental calculation,
and found that our county, with Just
average farming, could maintain some
40,000 head of cattle, with an annual
net Income of, say, $10 each; an equal
number of sheep, capable of producing
a net Income of $2 each; 20,000 hogs,
bringing a net profit of $3 each; 2000
mule and horse colts at an annual
profit of $10 each, and this without re
ducing your tobacco acreage by one
hill. Now, this livestock would mean
an annual profit o? more than half a
million dollars to pur farmers, and
what would It not mean to our farm
ers? By careful handling this live
stock would manufacture free of cost
more than a million loads of stable
mnnure (per year), which, applied at
the rate of ten loads per r.cre, would
cover about one-fourth of the agricul
tural lands of the county, and in the
place of barren bills, gaula and brush
fields we would have green fields of
crass, corn, tiers and clover that would
be a delight to the owners and all "who
were privileged to luk upon them.
Bat to attain to lhls? very profitable
and pleasant state of affalts it will bo
necessary to change our methods en
tirely. The brush will have to hare to
be cut<and burned, gullies filled with
brash, grass sown, fields enlarged and
shaped up, fences butlt; la a word, our
farmers wHI have to go to working
twelve Instead of six months of tho
year. Silos will bare to be bnilt, Into
which the thousand* of tons of corn
stalks that are now wasted can be cut
and one of the very best feeds for live
stock produced in rbundance. Our
farm lands in a few y^ars would be
worth, instead of from $3 to $30 per
acre, 920 to $70. Wouldn't this pay for
the extra exertion and push necessary
to accomplish these things?
The profit or oss in the growing of
livestock will depcud utmost entirely
on the sort of tlie anlm.ils you begin
with and the treatment yen give them.
Don't be content to Lave a single mean
animal on your farm; let everyone be
of the very best of its kind, for in the
handling of this sort only does any
profit He. All the meat-producing ani
mals shou.d be low, broad aud blocky.
kind and gentle as possible, and they
must be given food in quantities suf
ficient to produce this bloeklness. It is
absolutely impossible to grow livestock
at a profit without tlie production on
the farm of largo Quantities of the best
nutritious foods. Go to any stock-pro
ducing country or section and yon will
find a prosperous people, intelligent,
law-abiding, with tine homes, churches
and schools, and all those things that
go to make for good citizenship. ^
OnwpM Make* I?ro?p?rlty.
'A plant which. Ilka clover. Is utilized
for pasture or hay, even If cut twice
in a season, once for bay r.nd once for
seed, still leaves in the roots, which
amount to several thousand pounds per
acre, a large amount of fertility, and
at the same time leav?s the Foil In a^
better mechanical condition than be
fore. It is unnecessary to tell any
farmer who knows anything about
clover, that this is a fact, for it will
only be necessary to plow a single
furrow through it t<? see bow friable
and porous the soil is, and bow much
easier pulverised than one which bas
had a naked fallow through the winter,
but which bas been cultivated for sev
eral years without a rotation. We *iave
been slow learning many of these facts,
and many farmers have refused to be
lieve them, but all who read our ex
cellent. agricultural papers and who
keep in touch with tlicir State experi
ment stations through the bulletins
sent out know tb??se facts, and facts
of the greatest Importance to tillers
of the soil. A wise German of my ac
quaintance sent me a paper about the
effect of legumes on the soil, in which
he made the statement that for every
soil, no matter what Its climate or
mechanical condition, there could be
found some legume that would old the
farmer in maintaining fertility and In
creasing the yield of his crops.
In large sections of the South the
' cowpon is the plant for this purpose,
and the ones who have used It most
persistently are the prosperous and
wealthy farmers. In other parts of
the Union the different varieties of
clover will do the same work, and on
certain soils the mammoth clover Is
worth very nnvh more than the
medium. Some farm?vs who have fol
lowed the growing of Ivans for market
have learned that by '.lie means them
they V .e increased the yield of future
wheat crops cn?m*/'.i 1<> inotv than pay
for the growing of iUe crop of beans.
In the northern parts ?>f the country
the Canada field pea takes the place
of the cowpea. as it is perfectly ):?*dy
and can be sown just al'.oul as soon ac
the ground can In* worked, and even
If the mercury <'rops to zero after
the peas are sawn they win not be In
jured. but as s ?on as warm weather
comes will grow.? Waldo F, Brown, lu
Home and Farm.
Sell Hi* Old Ifrii*.
This Is good lnRic In a general wny,
but needs to be modified under cor In In
conditions. If we are trying to im
prove our flock, to add vigor and cor
rect certain faults that already exist,
then we should hesitate about discard
ing the old hens from which wo reared
the chicks of the past season.
From thcin we yet certain type
faults and tiood points clearly defined*
so that we are able to see exactly what
to strive for and what faults we may
expect to overcome. While It 's true
that they will lay less oirgs than the
pullets will, still the fertility will be
greater, and the chicks wili be stronger,
and on the whole results will be more
satisfactory. If we are keeping poultry
for profit only, sell the old hens; If we
are keeping poultry in order to improve
the fancy portion, keep them.
Brazil consumes every year dried
beef to the amount of fU.000,000.
Sharps and Flats.
Sir --ward H. Seymour, who has
been appointed admiral of the fleet to
succeed Admiral Salmon on the latter's
retirement In February, Is of Irish des
cent and comes of a family which has
contributed several noted flghtcrB to
the British navy. It was Sir Edward
who led the allied forces In their un
successful endeavor to reach Peking In
time to relievo tho legation there a
few years ago. He is sixty-four years
old and ha? been in ho navy for over
half a century.
"I have ten bale* of cotton that I
am going to get 10 cents a pound for,"
remarked a large farmer to tho report
er a few days ago, says the Yorkrille
flnguirer. Xho reporter thought the
speaker was Joking, and asked for an
explanation. "Well, It is Just this
way: Cotton may not go to 10 cents
again this spring or next summer, but
it will reach that figure eventually,
and I am going to hold these ten bales
until in does. Of course I expect to
sell a lot of other cotton at prevailing
market prices In the meantime, but
this ten bale* mutt bring 10 cents."
News of the Day.
Tho natives of India tako more and
more to beer. Formerly tho consump
tion wan very small; them aro now,
however, many largo breweries, and
last year their combined production
aggregated nearly nltio million gallons.
It Is said that about 40 per rent, of
this production is consumed by tho
army. Most of tho breweries are in
tho Himalaya Mountain districts, on
tho railroad lino between tho station.*
of Murree and Darjollng.
Prof. H. IJenton, assistant professor
of nrrlculture. lias received a very
flattering u'. l:om the department of
agrlculturo In Washington, which bo
will likely accept, savs tho Anderson
mail. Prof. Benton is a valuable man
and the College can 111 afford to lose
his services.
Unfortunately the largest diamond In
the world Is not of the crystalline sort
used as a gem. If It were its value
would be fabulous, for it Is seventeen
times larger than tho famous Victoria
diamond, the largest of modern finds,
which was sold for $1,500,000. Its v;iluo
depends upon the uso to which It can
he put when broken up,