Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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The Peculiarity of Japanese Pa By Nobu?hige Amenomori. T BB loro of qm'i MHriad fti common to tiho mm trt ee, hat ta Jtpum patriotism there an ccrfalt tkliga ftcU> lar to ltaell. When we consider Jspenese patriotism we vast never lose HIT W Hf'gMIl Hiwltoat, loyalty to the Rasper or. Theee two passions axe so closely united to the breast of an ordinary ctafcardly conceive of one without the ether. 1Wh?s iWfcwe ttfi, *1 Tbv? ribrtountry." a great or eren.the greater part duty to this country, aa conwlred by him. Includes, first of all, duty ^w?.c.Tur-Mra!55r ito account. To him the past, present, aad fature generations ace commingled Into one. so tkat If we aaalyss the. Idea of his haul, country, m understood by him, we find it composed of the following el wats > 1 } 1"*% Rim \ t'w, r v ? ? ? P. The Imperial ancestors. f. The reigning J9m perot. ><v S. The imperial family. , s 4. The Imperial descendants. . b S3 23T3fc. 7. His descendants. t. His fellow countrymen, their families and their relations. ?. Their ancestors. 10. Their descendants. 11. The extent of land or lands occnpled by his race. The Japanese knows that his own ancestors served- those of his Emperor. Nay, he knows that. If his own genealogy be traced to bygone ages it will be found more or less connected with that of the imperial household. In short, the Japanese are members of one vast family with the Emperor as the head and representative of ita main stock. The Emperor Is by birth the head of the nation. Neither he nor any of his ancestors came to the throne by ruse, or violence. Suppose Abraham had founded an empire in Palestine ? that hia heirs in an unbroken line ruled over the twelve tribes, themselves descend ants of Abraham, and that, the empire continued powerful to this day; sup pose this, and yon have an idea somewhat similar to that of tho Empire of Japan.? Atlantic Monthly. How About Taxing Cats? They Destroy Our Fricncln tlie Birds arid Dd Little Good, By William B. Cory, Windsor, Conn. HE idea of taxing cat* 1b novel, though not new. The measure T has been proposed and supported in the Interest of the birds, or, rather, in the interest of those who love birds, ft strikes one at first aa unnecessary and somewhat quixotic. But a little ex perience appears to warrant the idea if the person loves cats not less, but birds more. On a place where many trees an^ boshes gave shelter to the birds there were two caU, one of them beau tlfully marked, both of them good hunters. Not a sparrow could perch near the ground hat one of the cat* would creep up and catch it. If the sparrows were Uta only prey nought after by these cats the owner of tbem would have considered himself fortunate In their possession, but the fact Is, they loved bluebird*, robin* wrens and other beautiful birds better than sparrows. They were evidently easier prey, too. So the two cats devoted themselves to hunt ing nong birds and birds of beautiful plumage which sought the lower trees ?nd boshes tobuild their nests and Tear their young. The result was the birds were driven away. Much as the owner loved his eats, he loved the birds more, and decided to get rid of the cats. Friends in the village who wanted "house csts" were gisd to get them. Within two weeks after the cats were gone the bird s began to return. Bluebirds sought their accustomed places, robins came and built their nests In the shrubbery and reared their young. The air became vocal with the glad songs of many ?Irdi. There has been no regret at the disposal of the cats, by the children and yonng people of the home spoken of. because the birds have multiplied and are becoming' tame. They ait on boughs where people pass and sing mer rily. to the pleasure of all. Would It not be wise to tax cats In the interest of birds? As far as the ?alee of cat* is concerned, to catch mice and rats, traps are far more effective, and as pets, why, the songsters in the bushes and trees are of more vtfue, even though they cannot be taken In the hand and fondled. And, again, birds eat worms and bugs, which are becoming such destructive nulssnces. Let us encourage the birds to come and build In our trees and shrubs and hedges, to help us fight the worms and bugs and delight us with their joyful and ?weet songs. ? New York Tribune. The Real "Yellow Peril." Napoleon Mad the Connackn In Mind Wlien Fie "Warned Europe Against Russiu. . By David B. MacGregor. AST winter, when, iisoqk those of the Russians who were not L hoping for war and the defeat of their country, I inquired the grounds for the'r cnntamptuouB underestimate of the Japanese, I scarcely ever got for reply more than the citation of Russia's one hundred and thirty millions of population, her possession of one-seventh of the dry land of the earth, and the Cossacks. The discussion usually closed with the assertion: "One Cossack cm whip ten of those little yellow monkeys." Tills faith Is based partly on the impression which the Cossacks made upon western Europe as long sgo as the Seven Yesrs' War, and which was heightened by (heir disorganization of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow. Na poleon himself pronounced them perfect masters of psrtlsan warfare, furious hi attack and impossible to reach, and said that he did not remember having made a prisoner of a slngCe one of them. Finally, he had the Cossacks In mind when lie warned Europe that, unless checked by such a powerful" unit as he had sought to construct, Russia wonld enslave the world. That Napo leon's prediction has not been forgotten may be Inferred from the recent as sertion in various quarters that the real "yellow peril" is the possibility of the organisation of the Mongolian races by Russis. snd thst a Slavic Jenghls Khan may direct a new Golden Horde against the West. ? The Century* vn?. S1?J1 W'y rot ro<l47 By C. T. HerrlcU. T the risk of going counter to certain famous household econo A mists I am forced, after mature conelderatlon, to put down $4 a week apiece as the average amount on which a family can be really well fed. Even with this they will not he given mush rooms and sweetbreads, squab, chickens, and spring ducklings, fruit out of season and game in season. They can live as the large majority of housekeepers of moderate means in cities and large towns desire to live If 1 omit those whose homes are in the country, Jt la because the latter, by reason of such rural adjuncts as milk, cream, but ter, eggs, fruit, vegetables, ice. cannot bs reckoned in the class of which we ?re speaking. Such a city housekeeper will give her family of four oranges or bananas or seme stewed fruit for breakfast in winter. In summer she will plan for melons or berries for this moal. but she will feel that she must make one melon do for two persons, snd that a quart of berries Is a liberal allowance for four. If with the latter cream Is eaten, she will tbln this, or that she offers with the cereal, with a little milk, and will encourage herself In the Idea that fruit 1a more wholesome without cream. She will also ha^e to pinch a little In som? other quarter to make up for the fact tbat the cost of the majority of eummer fruits amou nts to more than the winter oranges or applea. ? Harper's Bazar. Llvs Little Nation, Japan. An association to being organized t*T tiro chambers of ctrarmeroe of sev eral Japanese cities for the promotion of trade with Carina tojr means of com mercial museums. An effort will be made to Induce the Japanese Govern ment to erect suitable building* in Chins and r^nt ttvwn to the associa tion for the display of Jap*n?oe goods. The idea did not originate with theto, for simitar exhibitions of mer cantile goods hare been made here Arizona's Agate Bridge. In tho "Petrified ForeBt" of Arizona there is a natural bridge, across t> narrow canyon, consisting of tho pot rifled, or agatlzcd, trunk of a tree 111 feet In length. Tho petrified tree* In thla region aro believed to havt flourished In the Trlassio ago. Mos-t of thorn are allied to iho Norfolk I si ,and pino (Aruearia) of to-dny. bfit some ropcmblo tho red cCdar. Pro.". O C. 8. Carter thinks that the petriflcn Hon was due to Rolublo silicates dp ; rived from tho decomposition of th* feldspatbic ccnient found In the sand (stone ol that locality. _ . j by European comrtri?8. but (the plan Which ttoey have outlined for aco?atnt in# the Chinese with the merits of Japanese wares is more complete and eystomatlc than anything wlilch baa been done by other nations 1n Japan. ? From U. S. Consul-General Bellows' Report. In London the unusual heat of the last summer gave a further vogue to the straw hat. and made silk hats so unpopular thut the factories dismissed many of tb"ir workmen. The World's Fair. A man ha* Ju?t as much chance to draw a prize In the matrimonial lot tery a.s in any other ? about a thous and to one. When hl? daughter i?? old enough 'to have a beau, a man can h?m? for hlm ft'Mf what a silly young cub he was about, eighteen years ago. A woman who has jirst had a >34 fall hat charged to her husband thinks she in very economical to go homo without getting any lee eream soda whon It Is too cold -to drink It. ? Cln clnnnti Commercial Tribune. HE dMbtftnM ttaWHM of Russia to bold her own sjalBsf Afu, flitter V land or M, means more tha? naval and military in T capacity; It is a convincing proof of the rottenness of the whole govornaaeatal ft j stem of the eoplra, and of the peril ous Insecurity of the foundation on "which that aystem has been reared. It appeared to Prince Ukhtomsky, the companion of the present Csar on his travels In the Far East, that Mthe wing* of the Russian eagle are spread ' too widely over the East to leave the allghtest doubt of a future In which Aalatlc Russia will mean all Asia." A MENACE TO PROGRESS. Tills vaulting ambition was held bj other members of the family of nations to be a serious menace to human progress, but tbere was everywhere a vague foreboding that it might attain Its end. All Europe stood in awe of the military power which has collapsed like a bubble at the picking of the spear of Japan. On the Sth of Febru ary last, when news of the first disas ter at Port Arthur was already on the way. Prince Ukhtomsky was talking iu St. Petersburg to a German news paper correspondent in this strain: "The difference of race between our troops and the Japanese Is so great that there can be no question of meas uring ourselves against tbepi In regu lar hostilities. The yellow men will not so tnuch be beateu. They will be simply slaughtered. "We cannot consent to look upon them as an even breed. That Is, so to speak, an anthropological axiom. The Japanese will take good care not to face us In large bodies in the open field. Yellow Is simply not equal to white. . . What do they think they want, thes? half-men?'* This glaring miscon ception of the character of the enemy whom Russia was to face was by no means confined to the Russians them selves. LACK OF WAR SPIRIT. It was shared by a great many peo ple in France and Germany, and did not lack acceptance even among our own people. The disillusionment would, perhaps, have been more painful and complete but for the entire absence of the war spirit among the Russian peo ple. Karl Blind quotes a letter from St. Petersburg written a few days be fore the Petropavlovak disaster, which containa thla statement: "In this pres ent war there is not a trace of pa triotic enthusiasm among the people; on the contrary, the masses are per fectly apathetic, not understanding In i the least the occurrences In the Far East, whilst the cultured part of the population is directly hostile to the Government policy In Manchuria." But the passing of the military pres tige of Russia is, nevertheless, destined to have more important consequences In the internal administration of the empire than in lt? external relations. For two generations some of the best minds in Russia have seen the abyss to which their country was hastening, and liave been earnestly trying to in troduce the leaven of freedom Into its Inst i tut Swim. Prince Dolgorukoff, when living abroad in 1800, wrote a book which lie called "The Truth About Russia," in which occurs the following suggestive passage: "Russia has, from the time of the Mongol invasion. In the thirteenth century, down to our days, been nothing but an immense pyramid of oppression. In this vast edifice slav ish subjection and arbitrary force reigned from the bottom to the top, and from ton to bottom there is de veloped. In formidable proportions, the official iie. the He erected Into a po llt!ca' institution. ^ EFFECT OF DESPOTISM. "This despotism, hideous in itself, exercises an eminently deleterious In fluence. It dries up noble and elevated sentiments; It degrades the soul; it corrupts, perverts and lowers the char octer, even more among those who ex ercise that despotism than among its victims." In 'the last forty years abundant evidence has been forthcom ing of the prophetic truth of these words. The Russiun bureaucracy has gone on from bad to worse, and the harvest of humiliation and defeat which is being reaped in the Far East springs from seed that has been liber ally sown. It lias not mattered much whether M. Plehve's policy of reaction, or M. Witte's policy of what passed for eco nomic progress, ruled the hour; there was 110 departure from the beaten ( track of autocracy, no effort lo temper despotism with any regard for the rigliM of the individual man. In fact, it may be doubted whether the frank brutality of the methods of the Minis ter of the Interior, or of the Procura tor of the Iloly Synod, were more to be dreaded than the simulation of progress in those of the Minister of Finance. WASTING MONEY ON KAILROAPH A Russian professor said some two years ago that it was no exaggeration to affirm Unit, during the ten years preceding. 1 li?> construction of railways had cost the country five hundred mil lion rubles more than was necessary. Every year the administration of the empire was growing in costliness and incapacity. Police and gendarmcH mul tiplied; peasants spent more on their courts, manufacturers had to maintain their prisons, and householders were compelled (o keep more dvornlks and spies. The provincal administrations took months and even years to deal with the simplest petition, and the civil au thorities had to call In the military to preserve order among the people. The hope of Russia to-day is with those whose voice has been raised in protest against all tills, nnd who, with banish ment and confluent Ion staring tlieni in the face, have dared to tell the truth as they saw it. The agricultural com* niitjces which, two years ago, were summoned as M. Flehve sneeringly re marked "to talk of spades and pota fcy _ not agrlcnl km all bat a the Govern ment couched In which are quite without precedent InKowIi'i recent history. . W|IAT THS PJEOPLE WAXT. ' The opening- imrngfcaph In thl? long aeries of demanda atrikes at the con- , Atloni without which autocracy would be lmpo*M?t9 *0 * ' . "1. To extend to all classes au uni versal, unqualified law; no man may be deprived of personal freedom or property without trial, under danger of criminal and monetary responsibil ity for breaking the law.' "2. To abolish Imprisonment and se questration of property by administra tive order. "8. To abolish administrative punish ments. penalties and restrictions, such as arrest. fine, exile, supervision and deprivation of the right of participat ing in public work. **4. To abolish corporal punishment. "3. To abolish the pussport system. *'<>. To insure freedom of conscience which derives logically from personal freedom.'* FELL LIKE A DOM It SHELL. ? All this sounds sufficiently element ary to those who enjoy the legacy of English liberty, but it fell like a bombshell within the circle of Russian ^ officialdom. Its explosive force was decidedly Increased by the declaration that those were jnerely the prelude to equally Indispensable concessions, anions which were universal educa tion at the expense of the State and the right to teach children and to print school books In the local mother tongue. Promptly and effectually stifled at the time, the voice of internal discontent which made itself heard in the report of these committees may. in the hour of military defeat and ad ministrative disgrace, flud lis chance to obtain a hearing.? Journal of Com merce. WHAT WE EAT. CenauB Import Makci It Appmr That V?|?srlMlim U Urovlaf. Striking though the decline in meat consumption ?? allow n by the census* reports ig, none of us will take it ns evidence that we eat less generously than our ancestors. Indeed , Americans as a people never fared latter in foou than they "do to-day. To make up for the decreased meat diet there is t?ut one way to turn. Have we increased our vegetable food? our wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, garden vegetables, fruit*, sugar? The census gives interesting results. In iSTiO Americans consumed 430 bushels of wheat for each 100 persons; in 1900, 023 bushels? a very marked rise. Corn and potatoes give very sim ilar percentages of Increase. But the most surprising change is In the con sumption of oats, presumably on ac count of the Improved methods of the manufacture ?bf oatmeal; ninety bush els In 18S0 to 386 in 1890? over fourfold in forty years. During the last decade, however, the consumption of oatmeal has lost ground relatively, dropping to 301 bushels for each 100 persons. This decrease Is probably due to the substi tution of other "cereal" aud ??break fast" foods, which have in some fam ilies wholly taken the place of oat meal. Now, take the market garden prod ucts, iruii.t mul ?u?nr. Any sue who will stop to think of the present day grocery store with its rows upon rows o/. inviting canned goods ? tomatoes, corn, peas, beans, and all manner of fruits, and of the excellent displays of green vegetables and fresh fruits, from huckleberries to watermelons, will find himself convinced of the im portant part these foods play in our common diet. And theu our candy item, our preserves item; no one whose memory can supply a comparison of the candy stores of thirty years ago with those of to-day can fall to be Impressed with the Increase of sugar consumption. Here, indeed, the tigurcs tell a striking story: In 1850 each man, woman aud child in America ate twenty-three pounds of sugar; in 1000, sixty-live pounds of sugar. And In the twenty years since 1880 the con sumption of market garden products and frluts has increuscd more than threefold. And here Is another interesting point: Ten years ago potatoes outranked mar ket garden products more than two to one. The last census puts them in the opposite relation, potatoes falling be hind by nearly *10,000,000. One of the most striking features of this increased eating of marl:ct garden products is In dicated by the reinurkable Increase of land covered by glass to supply our modern bills of fare with early and late "green suilT." It is scarcely n down years since this Increase began Its expansion, and yet the census of 1000 reports over 300 acres of land covered with glass In New York .State alone, and nearly as much as Pennsyl vania and in New Jersey, with over 200 acres ea< !i in Illinois and Massa chusetts.? Pearson's Magaslne. The Am of Uold. Tn Enroi>:\ where gold plays a more important part us a circulating medium in the currency than In the United Htates, gold coins are allowed to suf fer but I1 tie loss of weight before tlicy are v. '.led In from circulation. In Great Br: . In this amount is .02."? per cent., aiv In France .000 per cent., nmov.nt ' can only be detected by the la hi ikc. In tJreat Britain it has been computed by officials of the mint that In ordinary use the average 'ength of time before a sovereign be comes "light'' Is twenty-seven years, while in the case of a hulf-soverelgn the time Is sixteen years. The smaller coin not only circulates more, but suf fers more from abrasion, as in propor tion to Its diameter It Is thinner and hns n larger surface to be rubbed.? Harper's Weekly. T.ovc of fonts T.lfc. Ro devoted wiis a young Mllfin mu sician to practicing on the 'cello that the constant pressure of the ^islrument on his leg led to bone disease. The limb had to be amputated, and death resulted from the stock. Don't the fall time. In the lanmrr ttaw when everything is dry the fowls will find t dust bath for thtnuelrct, but In fall time when showers are frequent, dost out doors may be scarce. Have some corner ln;fhf)Jfe* b+nse where dust may always be round, and see to It that ltJn flcoqneatly renewed. If a little lime (not too much), or ashes, wood or coal, be added to tho dust bath. It will be all the better. CI(M Up. >*eep the poultry house clean now: the entire season's success mat depend upon It. Clean out the droppings, whitewash the walls and perches, and sprinkle lime over the floor. This should be done several times during the season, and as the sultry nights come, look well to the ventilation. Kill the mites, clesn the house, give good ventilation, and permit the fowls to live at home in comfort and health, both winter and summer. That is the better plan. !TotdI|m Kor l'oallry. ?l'ho turnip is not rich in the elements necessary for the purpose of supplying the hens, but It promotes thrift and egg production l>.v affording u chaugc from the dry food. A mess of cooked turnips, to which ground grain is added, will prove more beneficial than either turnips or grain alone. For this reason the turnip can be used profit ably for all classes of poultry, and the crop will save grain aud increase the profits. All who make a specialty of keeping a large number of fowls should grow turnips. (Jecse and ducks will eat them raw if they are chopped liue. Mineral* For Plgf. A hog grower who is a great believer In alfalfa for pigs says that It Is an ex * ccllent feed, but it. will not supply nil the inlueral matter necessary for good bone development. They should have all the charcoal and corncob ashes and coal they will eat In addition to alfalfa. Experiments show that pigs feil on charcoal in addition to alfalfa made much more rapid gains than tbose without charcoal. It Is not nec essary to feed anything else besides alfalfa to most other young growing animals. But pigs require more min eral in their food than do calves or colts Sh*?p NoIm. Clover aftermath is the best pasture for lainbs that have been weaned. The sheep of whatever breed, wheth er we will It or not. Is a general pur pose animal. No one breed of sheep will succeed in all soils and all situatious. Of all methods of Improving the soil and destroying weeds slieep are the best. Mutton of good quality usually sells at a higher price than beef, and yet it is produced at considerably less cost. Only the very best nuluials which are true to their specific varieties of breeds and full of promise should be selected for breeding purposes. If there are any unthrifty slieep in the flock, separate them from the others, give them a little extra care, and if possible fatten and market.? Indiana Farmer. The Couth and DImih. By watcliiug the appearance of the comb the health of the fowl may be easily noticed when the comb looks v/hltf, pule, or black sornetbinjr Ih wrong. Great thirst is another sign, and a nervous, restless disposition also gives warning. Sometimes a hen will go moping about, with drooping wings but with no other signs of sickness. When a comb, however, does not show a bright scarlet in color, and the fowls are not lively, they should 1m? at ouce examined. There is no particular color for any disease that Is indicated by the comb. The pale or black depend* upon the stage of the disease. Very often the comb will be pale and then turn black, but the poultry man may depend upon Ills fowls being lu good health when the combs ure a bright scarlet, especially during the laying season, as the first sign a pullet gives of begin ning to lay is the scarlet color of the comb. i Corn Fo(lil?r. Corn I* the groat put of nil fattening feeds for live stock, but, as Is well known, It will make a badly balanced ration, being deficient In porteln. and consequently not suited as a sole ration for growing aniinnis. It bas long been known that differ ent samples of corn vary much In chemical composition, the softer nnd more starchy having a lower protein content than the flinty varieties, as it Is the germ and horny-appearing por tions nnd bran that contnin the pro tein. Scientific plant-breeders have been bnsy for several years with at tempts to develop breeds of corn ttiar will come nearer yielding a well-bal anced feed. At it is we must balance the corn ration with some food having a much higher protein content, and containing less of carbohydrates and fat. These efforts have measurably succeeded , bnt not perfectly. The ex periment stations are working on this problem with every prospect of ulti mnte success. Filling tli* llllff. A silo may bo filled quickly or slowly. Us circumstances permit, with equally good results. It may be tilled in one dny and be all right. In that case, the silage will settle a great deal in a few dnys, nnd If the silo is to he anywhere near full, more must be put in. tilling; It to the very top. If the silo Is tilled slowly, taking sev eral dnys to complete the job, It will nettle as the work progresses nnd be all right, provided that there Is not n stop In the tilling of more Hutu one or two dnys.nt a time. If there is. the sllnge will begin to mould on the tr?j?. nnd that Injures it. The stage of ma turity at which It is best to put It In the silo Is when the corn contains the most feeding value, taking the whole plant? stalks, leaves nnd ears. At that time the rorn Is beginning to gin 7.e, If It Is Flint corn, or dent, If It Is Dent corn: the lower leaves nro beginning to turn yellow or white, nnd ; on buiuc of the very earliest tui? the j nil are tqMFwt^C If the corn Jjtaore lmuuiJm^lgi mis. the silage 'will bp quite sdUrT will luk the nutrl meat it will have at a later stage, ami not be as valuable feed. If the corn Is too ripe and dry. It will heat up very hot. will mould and be damaged. In case the filling caunot be done un til the corn Is too ripe and dry. this can be remedied to a great extent by having It so arranged that the water can lie fifrayed on to It as it goes up the carrier whea filling the ndo, enoagh to anpply the needed moisture. Various ways hare been tried of cov ering the silage after the silo was filled to prevent the spoiling of the silage on topt but it has been found that nothing Is better or less expensive than to put on water enough to thoroughly wet the top of the silage and have enongh s# tlint it will run down between the sil nge and the sides of the silo. M:iuy avoid all loss from damage on top by hegiunlug to feed Immedlately aflrr tilling, thus glviug it 110 time to damage. The feeding should always be dou?? from the top. taking about two Inches from the entire top each day. If liie feeding is done too slowly and part of the surface Is left exposed to the air for two or three or more days, then the stock will have partially dam aged silage all the time. The feeding of silage very materially reduces the cost of producing dairy products, because fewer acres of laud are required to keep a given number of cows, less work and expense are needed to prepare cows for feeding, and last, but by no means least, cows can be made to produce much more duriug the year by having them fresh in the fall and feeding silage in the winter.? C*. 1\ Goodrich, lu the A "??r iean Cultivator. Th*i Wlrnnor Apple. A good dessert apple usually finds a ready sale in auy section where a large city market can be readily reached. The Wlsiuer apple, or. as it is better known, Wismer's Dessert, is pro nounced by experts one of the best, if not the best, dessert apple grown. One pleasing feature of the variety is that (he tree is absolutely hardy, being classed among the Iron-clad varieties. It inake? a strong, vigorous growth and. ax yet. has uot been seriously troubled with disease or inseet enem ies. It is quite regular In bearing, comes early iuto fruit and is quite pro ductive. The fruit Is medium to large in size, and most attractive in appearance, be ing smooth skinned and most brilliant ly colored. It Is Juley, rich iu flavor aitd free from liber. In season It be longs to the winter class. As it is a splendid shipper with its other good qualities it seems to be all that Is claimed for it and well worth trial in any apple section.? Indianapolis News. Horn* Mixing of Fertiliser*. Mixing fertilizers at home is not gen erally practiced by farmer?, although quite a saving in cost enn often be made by doing so, says a writer in Now England Homestead. The advantages of factory mixed good* uppe.%1 strongly to the average farmer. Such fertilizers are carried in stock by local dealers and can be obtained without delay. They are generally sold on crop time credit, the grade I* as guaranteed, and they are ready to use nt once. In mixing fertilizers at home these advantages are reversed. Chemicals are rarely kept by local dealers, and to buy to the best advantage the far mer must deal direct with the manu facturer. which requires a trip to the city, or correspondence. The terms are cash with the order, buyer paying freight. Then. too. many chemicals are so raked in the bags that. It is In: possibl ? to mix them until much hand labor has been expended iu pulveriz ing. Few farmers have facilities for wriul; anil m:le<s exact quantities are used the grade Is uncertain. In some cases a single chemical, like nitrate of sods, can be used to advant age and no mixing Is required. This method of reinforcing stable manure with a single chemical lias much to commend It. The Until task of compounding a fer tilizer of s definite grade is very Kim- | pie. To make a trucking fertilizer containing -I per cent, ammonia. N per cent, available phosphoric acid and S per cent, polash, it is necessary to supply, in every 'JOOO pounds, so pounds ammonia. KM) pounds available phosphoric acid and KM) pounds |>otash. The potash is easily calculated, as the muriate it he salt generally used) con tains r?o per cent, potash, and to supply HIO pounds of potash requires JVJO pounds of muriate. Acid phosphate (dissolved rock phosphate) contains M per cent, available phosphoric acid, and to provide KM) pounds of the lat ter abort. 1145 pounds add and phos phate is needed. The ammonia supply Is the delirate feature, for the various compounds act with different degrees of rapidity. For a trucking fertilizer like the ex ample above, a large quantity of soluble salts (nitrate of soda and sul phate of ammonia) may be used to ad vantage. Fertilizers that contain much ammonia or potash are always expen sive. and when a high percentage of both ammonia and potash is given, the ??ost Increases correspondingly. The low grade fertilizers, containing 2 per cent, ammonia. S per cent, avail able phosphoric add find '2 per cent, potash, are very cheaply made. Tliey are easier to mix at home and make the greatest saving in cost. 10 very farmer must decide for himself if it is expedient to attempt home mixing. The important consideration* are the quantity to be used, and whelher It is more convenient to pay cash or buy on j time, f ?round Ivy and mustard ran bo de? ' stroyed through sprinkling with a *-?.?? a- j tion of copperas (sulphate of iiuuj. XsIImmI At* r? Im G OIX>NEL BROWN LOW. of Tefiueesee, the pioneer ad vwsU of. National Aid to Road Improvement. ima given to the presa an in terfiew i? wldch lie .Us ctisses the progress gad prospect* of j the good toads movement. He ujh:V "The m<f*ement Is making gicantic stride*. Jndglng from the letter* 1 receive, nearly everybody in the United States wants the Government , to sid in improving the roads. I know from the comments of the press, and the resolutions adopted by Stute leg islatures and conventions in all parts of the country that National aid Is making enormous headway among tli?| people. In a reeent communication from W. II. Mooro. President of tin* National (Jood lloads Association, lie wys: , "?Everywhere I go Governors* nml Officials and the great mass of comnioit people want the Government to as*i<t them in building roads? not as a ? idea tion of charity, but governmental duty.* "I have a letter froa: Prof. J. II. Bruiier, President of Hiwassee College, Tennessee, in which he says: "'Millions liave gone for the Im provement of harbors and ri^cr.-, nml millions more v.ill go for eana'.s. Hut the good work siiould not stop ;licr?-. Good roads j?.re needed to get the products of the country to the rail ways, the rivers, the cities, the nuN side world, ltural routes for the postal, department need improvement. " *1 am enteriug my eightieth year. No enterprise of co.ua! importance to this good roads movement has i-omo before the American people in my ilaiy. There Is a blessing in it for every body. in town and country.* % "But don't you think. Colonel, that the proposal to spend such a large sum along an entirely new line of Na tional expenditure will prove startling when the people take a sober second thought?" "That the proposition is now in one sense, I oonnHln. The idea of appro priating fiovcriiinent funds to bo snent In the rural districts for the direct benefit of the country pfeple is de cidedly new. Heretofore, the principal relation which ihe farmers have su?* i tatned toward Ihe Government is that of taxpayers. But I think it is about lime for that to come to an end. and*, if I am not mistakeu. the farmers are coming to the same conclusion. "As to the size of the appropriation. I want to My that I think It is very small when compared with the sums we are appropriating for other pur poses. This Is a period of "profound peace;" *yet we are proposing to vot% $77,000,000 for the army and $00,000.. 000 for the navy to be expended in u single year. My bill proposes an ap propriation of only $24,000,000 to lie spent in three years, or $8,000.1X10 a year, just one-twelfth of what we pro posed to spend on our navy. Nobody was particularly startled last year when wo appropriated over $70,000.ooo for river and harbor improvement. *4 don't think the tnxpaying farmers will be very badly seared at au appropria tion of $8,000,000 to help them build good roads. Besides, they know tlioy will have to pay just as much tax whether the> get any of it back or not. "Yon can soy that, on the whole. I an well satisfied with the progress we have made, and that I firmly believe Federal co-oporation with the Siiile.^ In building roat'.s is coming, ami coiu? lug soon." CbJect-f.eMon More recently the educational work of tlio general government lias takci1* the forLi of object lessons. Short pieces of roail liave been constructed on scientific principles to illustrate the best net hods of road building and the ur.o of available local material*. It should be stated, however, that these roads have not been built at the ex pense of the Government. It bus merely furnished plans ami expert cupervision, Such work Is only under* taken <n receipt of a request from some educational Institution, or some voluntary organization of enterprising citizens, or the public official* of some local community which is willing tt> bear the expense Of furnishing the ma terials and labor needed. *. Object lesson work of this kind ha# been done in twenty States, and *<? great has been the demand for sneli work that not nearly all the request.*? j can be complied with. Tills object les son work has in nearly every case proven of great value. The people have not only been shown bow to build good roads as cheaply us possible, but they have been given a taste of the pleasure and benefit of using such roads. The popular interest in this work of the Government has been s?> great that. Congress has five times in creased Its appropriations for the nfs flee of Public Itoad Inquiries. During the year $50,000 is available to pay ' for the Government's educational and experimental Work along this line. Feeder* of Steel High way*. The principal reason why the policy of national road building was aban doned early In the last century was the Invention of the steam railroads. For three-quarters of a century Ave have gone on developing our stenm roads until we have the greatest system in the world. Now that this development approaches completion, attention is re^ verting to the importance of the com mon roads. And it is especially grat ifying to find railroad men working enthusiastically and devoting their means to the improvement of the pub lic roads. They recognize that such roads are tint competitors, but feeder* of the steel highways. Hence, they organize ??<!<*?! (loads Trains," load them with road-bulldlng maehineryy and run from place to place on their synleins, getting up conventions and bulldiiiK object lesson roads. The work of this kind which lias been done In the Soilih Is bearing fruit, as Is shown by th<? widespread interest in the na tional aid plMi;. Importers on Paris newspapers earn from $30 to JSO a moulb .-It.