Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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INNSIVIIL EWCATWN <(W IER1NY. *w BkMr sr?ini ?r Twk. j# Ik* Sat ? ? ? HE system of Industrial ?<1 | Matloo in Qtrmaij, which i baa attained a high state of 1 development, in made the subject of an Inter?ties re pon 07 United States Deputy Oonni Meyer at Chemnttx. This Is the first ?' * "tries ?f consular reports on ?ixtlalhced educational facilities which have contributed so largely to the phenomenal success 1 the German JEiuftJrw In aaaufactams and cum niorce. base of the German educa tional edifice lie the Volksschuleu. or common pchools. Attendance at the > <?lk?*ch?le Is compulsory between the ag<% of six or seren and fourleeu. When t?e yo.ung student reaches his a very important age has town attained from the point of new of MucaUon. At this age his parents must deqide upon the general form of education whK U they desire their off spring to receive. The>r means and position In life will largely determine thg.decision as to whether it will he * primary education (In the > AUDMetpile). a secondary education (In the Holier* Seliule), or a higher educa tion (in the Hochscliule). If a primary education is decided upon the child <<'Ultimo* in the Volksschule. If a M??'Oiid:try. education, or perchance. a higher education, is to be given then 1h- tenth year marks the time when 1U<* rhikl leaves the Volksschule and cuter* some secondary isislimiion, bUch as a gymnasium, realgymnasliuu, or obcr-rca Ischu le; or a progymnasium, >'?*?< 1-prnjgyiniiasium, or rtalschulc; or a trade or technical school nt secondary rank; or a private institution which has been ranked by the state as a second ary school. The secondary schools ?Her courses of either nine or six ?1?? ? **? - tytnle the child Ik pursuing bis course in the secondary echoo!,,another diction must be made which involve not only the means of the parents, but ?!*? the natural aptitudes and abilities of -Ufe child. If the means ?re limited, very likely a course in a sceond jy/scliool with a six years' course Will be pursued by the child after the attainment of the tenth year, or prob ably a course in a trade school or sec ondary technical school, in preparation for some profession in middle life, such as .that of artisan, skilled textile worker, or lower engineer or mechanic. Ubf4"fflclcnt means are at band. then |he son will be prepared for a higher education, which will be either classi cal (gymnasium), leading to some higher profession, like theology, medl etne or law; or semi-classical (real gymnasiuin), al<o leading to some JiitAer profession; or non-classical (obcr-rcaltfcbulc). ill preparation for a business career, for a course at some industrial high school, or. less fre quently, far medicilne or law. Th* age of fourteen, the year at whirl tho* Volksschule is. as a rule competed: tasrks another turning point in the educational career of the c?iU(J. The boy may enter either a general continuation school (aligemeine fortbllduugsschule) ui which are re peated and expanded some of the most necessary studies of the Volksschule. or he may enter one.of the two classes ?. Industrial continuation schools?a general industrial continuation school (gewerbliehe Fortbilduugsscbule) or a commercial continuation school (kauf mannlsche Fortbildutigsschule). German, drawing and arithmetic are the three great branches taught In the continuation schools, though more ad vanced work in geometry, physics and ehemistry Is given in a few of the best schools. To these studies must lie added instruction In such subjects as possess a particular value to a local Industry or industries. The commer cial continuation schools distinguish themselves from the general industrial continuation schools In that they em phasize the commercial studies?vis., correspondence, bookkeeping, lang uages, commercial arithmetic, commer cial geography and office work. It Is important to note that the child first comes in contact with the system of industrial education nfter gradua tion from the Volksschule. In some stales it Is permissible to substitute a special trade schoo^ (gewerbliehe Fach sHiulet for a continuation school, par ticularly for persous preparing for a profession. Furthermore, a primary commercial, school, a primary textile school, or school for mechanics or for locksmiths, etc., may be substituted for the continuation school. As a rule, however, these special trade schools, even If elementary, require the comple tion of some continuation school for >ul*sion, to Insure proper maturity <?f mind in the study of a profession. Here, then, is the cm! of the edu cational career of a child destined for nothing more than a primary educn Ths Volksscliulo course, plus a conipui/ory, or rarely optional, coidl.m nt:on school course, or. in substitution, some industrial continuation or trade school 'coarse. \* the sum total of a primary education in Cermany. which i? completed at the age of fifteen, sl:; te? ii, or at times seventeen yea id. < lilnn nn<l Miinrtiirla, A correspondent In the I.onlon Times says that the Chinese care uofli lug for the provinces of Mnnetairh *1"hey form no part of the cigbiecn ju ovine v* which till the Chinese eon h ption oT his native laud, though tiiey gave birth to the ruling dynasty. This I mil (Terence tuny be real and may ac count for the ease with which the Kus sum* have overrun the country; yet Manchuria is worth lighting for. "To l.mrn to (lid* ? If or**." A curious example of French admin lKtr.itire red tapelsm is related by the Ijondon Auto, Htetii, the Jockey, who rode the winner in the flrnnd l?rix de I'srls, is about to enter upon his year's military service. Ills request to be enrolled in n cavalry regiment luis been refused on the ground that "n year is not mng enough In which lo Icotn to ride a horse." im omom The rtrlrtl of iittmt It to th? ipptarure of a Uognpkjf a iWMha of to |Hci ?ao?| Bu rial composers* lias also called stteu tloo to the fact that fhere Ja also no dlscoTemStoorlgfa genius. Hla p?^l*<Srhifc aot of V* lowest peso sntdsas. wu* aot req?rkable i?eople, nsr did any of Ms brothers or sisters display say marked characteristics to distinguish them from the aver see ho* bsd hind. Chopin, however, from ht? fancy, gave evidence of superior mu sical development. He speedily (lis ts need his Instructors upon the pis no, wrote such difficult music that he wss compelled to devise his own method of lingering, snd improvised long be fore he knew snjtbing of techaicsl counterpoint and hsnnonj. His genius wss intuitive. No one csn tell whence It csrae. All delighted In its manlfa?ta Mod. What is true of Chopin Is true of nearly every other genius the world lias known. ? family pursues lis com monplace existence for several genera tions, and then, without any apparent reason, a son or daughtei, endowed with faculties quite forelgu to parents and relatives, mounts to the highest pedestal of fa inc. (jculns, however, does not beget genius, and so, as soon as nature has sported with the one shining example, the glory dies away, and once more the dead level of com mon humanity Is resumed. There was not. foi instence, a grad ual ascent to nor an equally even de scent from the height which Shakes pea re reached. He stands alone, with nothing before and nothing after. Neither his father, a reputable mer chant In Stratford, nor his mother, the daughter of a respectable landholder, was apparently destined to give to the world so great a son. Wagner's father was the clerk of a police court, al though he passionately loved the the atre, and bis mother possessed no es pecial gifts. Keethoven's father was an ordinary musician and his mother was the daughter of a cook. The list might he indefinitely extended, includ ing great leaders of men like Mahoinet and Napoleon; or poets, from Homer to ' Tennyson; or painters, from Knphacl \ to all the famous artists of the present day. In all of these men tli'e mystery of genius was present. Its presence ex cited curiosity, as well as admiration, and yet its cause remained a scaled book. All that Is said and written is mere guesswork. No one knows what peculiar convolution of the brain, what particular activity of undiscovered cells, makes the poet, the musician, tho artist, or the general. We say that u I man is a born poet or a born musician, and there we pause. Science brings nothing dclinite to our aid, and leaves the curtain darkly down. While It is true, as Carlyle said, that genius Is capacity* for taking infinite pr.ins, it Is also true that no umount of labor can supply the missing clement of genius. A man who lacks the vital spark at his birth might as well accept the place which nature has assigned him. It is not for him to be great. Perhaps the time will come when the researches of the scientists will reveal to us how geniuses are made, discov ering the conditions which create the wonderful gifts which make the whole world 1k>w in admiration. Until then, however, the mystery of genius must be ignorantl.v worshiped. It is even poor consolation to agree with Schopenhauer that there Is a touch of genius in every man. He ar gues that unless this were the case. It would be Impossible to explain the love of humanity for art and music and all the concrete manifestations of beauty. At the same time this is mere ly the statement of n fact, not the dis covery of a cause. With the birth of every genius the eternal riddle pre sents Itself unsolved. Some of these days when the world is not so wholly given over to materialism, an Jt is to day. some rare, ethereal, spiritual uiind may grasp the secret. Meanwhile, we of the grosser flesh can simply wonder and adore.?Washington Post. Wlmltibont, There nmy not at first sight seera to be any necessary relation between a lady of fashion in London, Paris or New York and a bowhead whale tumbling and diving in Arctic fleas, says the- London Graphic. Neverthe less the one Is steadily. If unconscious lyt* extirpating the other. It Is th? bowhead which yields whalebone, and , such is the demand of corset manufac turers for this material that the source j of supply bids fair to be exhausted. No satisfactory substitute has yet been devised, and the consequence Is that the bowhead whale Is at the present in the smne perilous position in which his brother, the sperm whale, found him self before the advent of petroleum gave him a fresh chance in the struggle for existence, l.ast year's catch of whalebone reached only TO.tXM) pounds, as compared with two or three times that amount in previous years; one half of the ships engaged ill the indus try came back "clean." The price hae naturally shot skywards. Whalebone, which a few years jigo cost eight si.ti ling# a pound wholesale, has Ibis year cost thirty shillings, and the corset makers will have to pay forty shillings or more. Formerly whalebone had other uses besides the improvement of the female figure, but with the diminution of the supply it came to be practically monop olized for the purposes of fashion, and oven in that limited Held it is ii??w available only for the mosf expcn?i\o wares. The prospect is not otieoma^ litis either for the bowhead whale or for tile dress reformer. There i? rea son so fear that bolii will snot'i?} Lj extinct. A Karl In Cvlitfnt'r. Dr. Wa]<1). city of London ('<?;?-t.er, said In a lecture recently that a ^veapon in the band of a man who had been murdered Is always tightly grasped, so thai the fingers sometimes have to be severed before It can be relented. I11 the case of suicide there Is no gr.isp at* Oil. Yaitnlnc *? * Cure. Far some maladies physicians r. ominotid yawning. They say tha, mus cles are brought Into pla> durl ig a yawn thst wotild otherwise lv.'vcv get any b?*jrvi?v at all. AkMrt *1 If iwMt corn is grown. It will be ? good plan to Mve a few of tbe ear best tad Mst ears far seed. By care ful selection every year tbe corn will be eerller each iieceedlsg serine, sod If quality, sine and plumpness of grain are also considered, great improve ment In tbe sweet corn can be made. It Is claimed that two per cent, of a horse's weight of good, nourishing food Is all that he should be fed a day. By this rule s horse weighing 1000 pounds should receive thirty pounds of food, but it must be considered that some thing depends upon the amouut of Isbor performed, as well as the diges tive capacity and sppetlte of tbe anl A Batter Hint.* Farmers who receive circulars con taining offers of preservstlves of milk and cream, or of methods of doubling the smount of butter from tbe milk, should consider such propositions very carefully, Butler is made from the cream jnly, and the proportion of but ter obtained depends upon the amount of butter fat in the milk?the fat being In the cream. It Is impossible to get something for nothing, and any product devised by the use of special agents Is simply not butter, but coagulated milk, the price of which In market will be less than that of pure milk. Celery In Toar Back Yard. Vacant ground about the garden or back yard of the home may be utilized profitably In this way, with but little labor. Ground that has been used for onions, early potatoes, early beaus or some suoli crop may be planted to cel ery late in tbe season, if good, strong plants are used. Clear the ground, plow or dig as deeply as possible and pulverize well. Mark out deeply in rows three and one-half feet apart. Fill half full of well rotted fertilizer, and harrow until the ground is almost level. Set the plants in this furrow, using a line to get the rows straight. ?Indianapolis Sun. Lo?lnK Aalmali. No animal can remain at a standstill without loss to Its owner. If an auimal la not gaining, then the food and labor are thrown away. If an animal loses only a pound in weight, then the farmer not ouly suffers a loss of that which he once lind, but must incur ad dltional expense to regain that one pound; but the time lost cannot be re covered. These facts show the im portance of keeping the stock in good condition, and having etfch animal make an increase dully. When there Is a falling off in the weight or the yield of milk is reduced the cause should be sought, and If an error has occurred, or there is fault in the man agement, a change should be made for the better without delay. For (lood Hay. The mowing of the meadow for hay deprives the soil of the elements of fertility, and the sam6 occurs wlieu the cattle are allowed to graze on it. Every pound of meat and milk sent to market carries in its composition the riches of the meadow, and though the process may be n slow one, yet a time is pure to come when the grass will Jbe less nutritious and the growth less rapid. Then will the cuttle use only that which is the most succulent and nourishing, leaving the more unde sirable j-rasses to toke possession, along with weeds, until ilnally the meadow must be plowed and seeded down, in order to change the variety of food produced by it. It then fails to produce sufficient green food and it yields sparingly of hay. Keep Chick* Qrowtng. Whether the chickens are being raised for the market or for winter lay ers, it is fttwutlal that they make the best possible growth from birth to going Into winter quarters or to the market. The range, to a large extent, solves the question of Yood and of lienlthy growth, but it is necessary that the clilckrf have some other food than that picked up on the range, or they will wear themselves out trying to get enough to cat. Then, if they voost under cover at | flight, and they should by all means do Ihis, there Is the question of lice which must be given proper consideration, for a few lice will cause the chick to lose more weight in a month than can be mnde good by two months of feeding. Everything possible must be done to keep the chicks growing during the summer; keep them making a strong, steady gain, and then they will be profitable, and not otherwise. For Stock. It is assumed that the reader Is not the kind of a farmer who sells all of the produce on the fxrm and uses the unsalable portion on his own table. Feoplo who do this are not getting from farm life what tliey should. There is no good reason why the farmer's table should not contain the best his farm produces, lie is entitled to It, and so is bin family. On every farm I there is a quantity of green vegetables which are too often thrown on the re fuse heap when they should be fed to the stock. Fowls or swine that are confined will welcome the preen tops of vegetables, and some kinds of vegeta bles nia.v bo fed tops and all. Then in the full the potato grower has more or less unsalable tubers which tniirht be fed to cows to advan tage if fed in connection with oil ineai or other nitrogenous food. The wheat grower has mi opportunity to obtain an abundiince of wheat screenings which could be fed to young pigs If first ground, to their advantnge. Learn to use the wast products of the farm in telligently and you will be surprised to see what you can accomplish with them. Feed Ctilcka Skim Milk. Time was when a separator was con sidered a luxury not to be thought of unless one had a large herd of cows. Now a good separator can be had as low ns and It will pay for Itself In mnny ways. It will enable one to obtain a greater amount of butter fat front the milk than by the old methods ?f hand skimming, and It will give on* a supply of (rnh skim milk which may be ued to adraitagt for feeding pnr* Pomc Dwtac tit winter we use ikla milk la Huiuctlor the lajlng wr?l but when hiT* wrm) hundred chicks la the ?prise, ss is frequently the esse, the skim milk goes largely to them. . | Our plan la to give the chicks a t?j' light feeding of grain early In tbo morning before they are allowed to go the range; at aoos they are given all the skim milk they ^1U drink, and then, after an afternoon on the ranges they hare quite a heavy grain feed to go to bed on. We find they grow quick ly under thin treatment and are rately troubled with, any bowel difficulty. The skim milk can be fed to calveo to advantage If It la not desired to feed It to chicks, snd If the milk Is clean and fresh they will thrive on it. especially! If some bran is mixed with It. Fflodlac tk? Cow*. The ability to utilise food and con vert It protttably -into milk and butter Is a quality of cows that farlea with Individuals. Among both ordinary 'dairy cows and cows of pure breeds the variation in this respect Is quite remarkable, as illustrated to a marked degree 1,1 tbe study of the herd owned by the Connecticut Agricultural Col lege, that was made during the year 1808. According to this study, the cow with the best record produced during the year 5(H) pounds of butter, at a profit of $42.82; while during the same time the cow with the poorest record produced 172 pounds of butter, at a loss of $4.00. The variations In the nmount of butter and milk produced by Individual cows In this herd are not exceptional. The records of station h?*rds and of hundreds of private herds where individual records have been kept show variations fully as great as these. It is plainly evident that success In dairying depends*very much upon the productive capacity of the individual cows that make up the herd. A very practicable way to improve the herd and increase the average productive Rapacity Is to dispense with all the cows which the scales and the Babcock test together prove to be unprofitable. It would be pretty safe to assert that twenty cows selected in this way for their high and economical productive capacity, would be more profitable than twenty-five, and possibly even thirty co^-s, selected in the ordinary random method of making up a herd.? Massachusetts Ploughman. Gooseberries ? Psjlnz Crop* The gooseberry is a good seller. It is tougli, hardy and goes in most any market. I raised two hundred bush* els last year; eighteen quarts growing on one bush, and they brought from ten to fourteen cents per quart. If going to take up one branch of small fruit culture I should recommend gooseberries. They are easy to pick; one woman picked. 101 quarts in seven hours. Fot picking I pay one cent per quart ? for gooseberries, while for raspberries I double it and offer as an Inducement to remain with me for the season a quarter of a cent extra, which nlmost always kcepft them. For gooseberry worms London pnr? pie Is most efficacious. Place one pound in a gallon jug, pour on two j quarts of boiling water, stir and 111! with cold water. Dace in a tin com can about one in?*)i of this mixture, add to it three ami a half gallons of water and spray for worms of which there are two crops during the season. When you see the lirst hole eaten in :i leaf apply the spray. The last broou will not be very numerous. Gooseberries and currants should be , sot deep to grow good roots and bear well. New roots are white. Currants will grow from cuttings, but goose | berries must be laid down and rooted. Both should be pruned every year, the I old wood being cut out; the new is bright and should remain. The best ! time to prune is in the fall, after which ' the bushes should be tied up. Spray ing with bordeaux mixture will pre | vent rust, which sometimes affects the gooseberry. The best variety is the Downing. The Boston currant jnarket demands Fry's Proline, a red variety; while the New York prefers the White which is the sweeter. Currants thoroughly mashed and mixed with sugar, pound for pound, scaled up cold and uncooked, will keep until needed for the table. Currants nre a fruit much wanted at the sea shore.?A. A. Eastman, in the Amer ican Cultivator. ^ , ? ? I Varitt No(??. j Close Inbreeding is a short cut to tem-* porary success. A poor appetite In an animal sug gest.s some weakness. All things considered, early plowing is best for fall wheat. Hogs may be fed corn as soon as the grain begins to harden. All animals require a variety In their food In order to tnake the best gains. A fattened old cow has a larger pro portion of waste than a young animal. Set the milk as quickly ns possible after milking to get perfect rising of the cream. When fed dry shelled corn Is more economical than corn meal to feed to fattening hogs. To obtain the best results the farm work mu/Bt be done In the best manner and at the proper time. In growing fruit for market, It Is of great advantage to have varieties of fruit that will keep long and bear transportation well. In a lior8c.tbe shoulder should suit the purpose for which it Is Intended. If for speed, It should be flat. If for draft. It should be upright. With all flowers, If the seeds nre not wanted especially, It Is an excellent rule to remove the teed vessels as soon as the bloom begins to fade, or else gathct the flowers for decoration uses when in their prime. Potato** a* Madaala*. The good results of administering potatoes In certain forms of diabetes sre affirmed by a French nhysiciaa, Dr. A|osse, who states that lie has fected cures by. thit Household patters A bolt of dMcie cloth should bo u mntial a feature of the yoong house keeper's nnaft as the bolt of home spun linen was of grandmother's. Nothing makes better dust era; It serves as glsss and china toweling, snd Is an ideal fabric for the dish cloth. Tadcd rwallar*. A pointed brush Is the only one with which tufted furniture csn be properly tared for. To sttempt to do without It Is the most extravagant economy, since moths urlitiht in taking up their sbode in the little nests of dust which can not be dislodged by a round end brush or whittle broom. To Cover J?lll?a or Jmi, Four melted paraffin directly onto the jam or jelly, being particular to have it touch the glass on nil shies, ko that the air may be perfectly excluded, tlu-n over the top of the glass tit a paper which has been slashed about th? edge* and brushed on the under side with white of egg; the egg-white will act as a mucilage and preserva tive. This combination covering will Injure the continued freshness of jam ?.ltd jelly and keep it from shrinking. A Xo*ri Ilammofk. A novel porch hammock is a chair > itch. The frame, three and p liaif t ?et wide and six and a half feet long. Is suspended at each corner i?y a stout chain. This frame NIs then covered Willi a thick mat. placed inside a deniiu cover and tufted. Over this mat or grenl cushion is spread any heavy, at tractive tapestry and the swinging couch Is then supplied with numerous porch cushions. I'ponthc great porches of large country houses two or three of these comfortable couches are swung froiu the ceilings. Avoiding Fll?*?. Wire screens for doors and windows nr?i amomr the necessities for the kitchen, if one would be rid of Hies. Still more essential is absolute cleanli ness in the disposal of garbage, says the Chicago News. A wooden garbage |>ail is apt to absorb odors and impuri ties the best one can do. A galvanized pail with a cover is the best, though a big tin kerosene can with improved ball of strong wire js often used in farm kitchens. Never leave it stand ing in the kitchen. When the work is finished set it outside the door and cover. Scald out every time it is emp tied and dry it in the sun.?Mirror and Farmer. Uoinr-Madfi Giritm Tool*. Here are some Ingenious little home made contrivances for the garden sent In by renders who devised them and used them In their own gardening. A Simple Lawn Sprinkler?A spading fork stuck securely into the ground and the nozzle of the hose put through the handle of the fork makes a good sub stitute for a lawn sprinkler. An Easy Weeding Device?If seed-1 beds are too wide to lie easily weeded from the sides get an inch board, eight inches wide, and long enough to reach across the bed from path to path. This should be set up on end cleats made high enough to raise it above the young plants. Then saw a small box from corner to corner, diagonally, putting a three-Inch cleat under the bottom front end. This, placed upon the board, makes a comfortable high-backed chair, from which one can weed on either slda without injuring the plants with one's clothes. An Oyster Can For Weeds?To re move tiny weeds and loosen the soil about rose bushes without injury to the rootlets, use an oyster can, resting the bottom against the palm of one hand and working with the sharp, cir cular, open mouth of the can. A Handy Little Sieve?This is made from an ordinary cigar box. The bot tom is taken out and in its place wire window screening stretched, the edges of which are doubled over and tacked on to the sides of the frame close tc the bottom. For sifting the top soli foi a small seed bed or box, as well as cov> ering the seed, It Is Invaluable. A Pancake Turner For Weeds?One of the best weeding topis Is a small stiff pancake turner. It slips easily un der plants snd cuts the roots of the small, fine weeds. A Use For Old Bottles?For coverlr| rose or other cuttings take Jarge bot tles. Saturate a woolen string witb kerosene and tie It where you wish the small neck of the bottle broken off; ap ply a match and It will break off smoothly. These arc also excellent for covering a delicate plant when first planted. Heliotropes have been saved In this way when they were almost dead. Chocolate Frosting?Pont the whites of three eggs to n standing frotli wltli a cupful of powdered sugar. When stiff whip In three tnblcspoonfuls of finely powdered ehocolnte with n tenspoonful of vanilla. Bent Ave minutes. Fruit Snowballs ? Take ahont two cupfuls of brend dough, add half a cup* fill of butter, mix in one eupful of cur* rants and raisins or any kind of fruit, M en in thein half nn hour, roll them In powdered sugar and serve hot with whipped crenm. Cnrolinn Cnke?Crenm one eupful of htilter with two cupfuls of sugar; add iinlf a cupful <>f milk. Mix one ten* spoonful of baking powder with thref cupful* of Hour, sift thoroughly find add it with the hen toil white of eight Flu\or to tr.ste and bake in ? 'on f. llhubr.rb Mufilus- I'lnee In bottom ol greased pie tin euoutch rhubarb to half ti'l it: then cover with the following' Due egg, one cup of sweet milk, pinck of s:ilt. one teaspoonful of baking P<?w nr.d one-hnlf rup of flour, tnble sp inritil of melted lard. Bnko until 'ivown nr.d tender; reverse on plnte, ? prem! with butter, sugiir and nutmeg v"rv ? v. iili fioam or without, an Tbcfav J Mt Om Bettor. i ) iarn not for an auto car ' _ (My yearn'a in vain, alas! > -ta^ * I wian fur aomething better A bascbll aeuton pm>H. ?1'1ik?|o Journal, v "" N?t Uka ? Hwm. ; "Honey ma*es the mare go.** r "It can't always make the automo bile run, though ."?Town and Country, TIlBf KBM|h? "What! Only 1?H> people killed in the lubway Kiiit-c i; was started!" "Oh, well, you must remember it hasn't been opened yet."?Lite. . . . -dfcti IIy Way of Variety. Helene?"So tliey arc llnnlly tit Tortvil. How altout the child?" Percy?'"Oh, ILm> child got tlio custody of the mother, I believe."?Puck. ,**? Tliat I.?-t Him Out. IligKius?"I understand Boosteui lost a lot of money in a mining scheme." Muggins?'"Impossible! Iloosteiu was one of the promoters of the scheme."? Chicago News. ......, )S\" * Twice ?( ?%<!. George?"What can be more sicken ing than to see another fellow making love to a girl?'* Ilarry?"To s<m> another fellow mak ing love to your girl."?Town Topics. Test or Patience. "I am afraid tnat your son lacks pa tience and determination." , "Ho does, eh?" said the fond parent ?'Well, you jes* ought to see him color ing n meerschaum pipe."?Washing. j:i Star.. A Notable Person. Ctiffle?".limpson's ratier an odd sort of fellow, isn't he?" Splnks?"Odd? Why, lie's eccentric to the verge of lunacy. Always jjot good word for everybody I"?l'Utsimrg Post. A ltritnUr Stunner. "Ry George, that Mrs. Ka l'lippe is a stunning woman, isn't she?" "I should think so. She hit me witii licr automobile the other day, and it was three hours before I woke up."'-? Chicago Tribune. Tlic A1 Freoro Firnnt. Itingham?"Come, now, this Isn't so bad. It's really homelike." Urazer?"Yes, but I've seen nothing bigger than an ant on the table yet: at home nothing smaller thun a water bug shows itself.'*?Boston Transcript. Knew I'op'i Magi. Teacher?'"Do you know who wrote that fairy story that I just mail to you?" - >?!> *J!?I "Xo'm; but it sounds like one *>f P0l1'8-" , A Call Down. Kniekcr?"I remember that night. Tim wind was biting " ttocker?"I never knew that the wind could bite." Knlcker?"Sure. I reckon you never heard of tho teetli of a sale."?Chicago J011"11*1- ??.** Wi.l-, .... Fashionable Minister. "Why did you tell mc that gentleman was a lino golf player? I never tsam any one foozle so much iu my life." "I didn't say he was a tine player.** "Well, you said he was a good one." "So he is. lie's a minister."?Chica go News. iJA. mmmi ' ? ^ ? , J Often Reminded* "How often," said the philosopher, '"a man Is reminded of his own little ness in this great world." "Yes." answered Mr. Cumrox, "es pecially if ho has three daughters who have been to boarding school."?Wash iugton Star. ft . .??"'tlLt.-w L 'li! ' No Doubt of It. "Dat kid," remarked the first boy, sneeringly, "goes to Sunday-school au* likes it." "How d'ycr know?" demanded th? other. iw itgj " 'Cause he calls It 'Sabbat' school."? Philadelphia Press. Fuuilllar InltAnre. "Tommy," asked the teacher, "what do you understand by the word 'create?' " "To make out of nothing." "(live me an example." ".My sister creates a pompadour every morning."?Chicago Tribune. Traced. The Prima Donna?"Why don't 3 on give the part to my daughter? sho sings beautifully. She has inherited my voice." Manager Conn?"That so? I've often wondered what lrecame of your voice." ?Detroit Free Press. , t- j, ffv TTie l'roper Qualification, "lie has undertaken to edit a society paper, 1 hear." "Yes, and he should make a success of It." j "Why, he can't write at all." "No, but you know how snobbish he Is."?Philadelphia Press. Toa Rfnilhle to (tire t'p> "Will you promise," she unxlnufdy asked, "not to do anything deparsto if I say it can never be?" "Yes," lie replied. "I think a man's a fool who goes to the bad hocausc a girl refuses to love him.". '?Then I will bo yours." ?? Chlcnge Wvccoiti Ucrrv*' Whm Graral Road* Art PiMtlMbU. HE average farmer In tht corn belt Stales rcltels when hard road* are dl*? cussed. He at once aeea visions of iMrreasod taxa lion ana inadequate returns. Belpf naturally conservative, be objects t? tbe expenditure of large sums of money, unless be Is thoroughly satisfied tbat adequate profits will result. As a rale tbls conservatism la wis* Much money has been wasted in at* tempts to secure bard roads, and tha matter should be thoroughly investi gated before improvement ia under taken. Where gravel or stone is not available excellent earth roads can ba secured by thorough dragging, leveling the road carefully, then grading or dragging ? sufficient number of tlmea daring the season to keep the surface level and prevent water standing. This bas been demonstrated ovet and over again, and attempts to force hard road legislation upou such sections wilt never avail. On the other band. In many locall ties, good gravel suitable for road mak ing la available and should be used. Tbe expense of hauling must of course be carefully considered. As a rule this can be done by tbe farmers themselves When work is slack. They can. in fact, work out their road, tax iu this way. The mistake has frequently been made by aslng gravel containing a large per* Rentage of clay. Of course some clay is desirable, so that the material will compact firmly and make a solid bed. Too much, however, will result iu a muddy surface and a tendency to stiek iness after every rain, and particularly in early spring. After securing the gratel spread it on the surface at least eight feet wide and one foot thick, going over with a heavy roller and compacting as com* plctely as possible. A medium whi<-h will result in a solid bed will be satis factory. Sometimes a smoothing har row can be used to advantage in con nection with the roller. As travel pro ceeds and the gravel becomes compact watch the road carefully, filling up all holes and leveling down any elevations. This must be attended to promptly and continuously until the road is solid and level. Neglect of this results in an un even surface which never can be made quite satisfactory. In some sections gravel Is simply ap plied to the surface a little wider than the ordinary wagon. This will answer fairly well and is of course a more in expensive method. However, it is much better to have an eight-foot road so that wagons can pass in a wet time, .without getting out into the un< I. For best results the gravel should be graded, and the large coarser parts ap plied first, the second grade next and the third or finest applied to the sur face. Itoll after each application. If the gravel is dry when it Is put on water ought to be applied when the rolling is being.done. This can be eas ily accomplished by the use of an ordi nary tank, such as is used for convey ing water to traction engines. In many localities the gravel Is sim ply applied to the road as it comes from the pit. The results are not of course quite as satisfactory, but the cost of construction is much smaller. In a few localities iu the Central West It may pay to break stone aud make foads with that material. They, of course, are much more durable than gravel roads, but nre very much more expensive. As stated in the beginning each locality must devise its own road system. . . nnilntu* For (innil Ttomrln. Tt Is instructive to observe how stcAd ll.v the feeling is growing that drainago and not tbicknc^s of metaling is tlie main essential in pr>ad building, now over much we ma/ respect the memor ies of Macadam, Telford and other great road builders who ilrst led public authorities toward a sensible method of construction for country highways, the fact remains that many of their recommendations arc now known to be misleading. Tlieir advice was impor tant at the time when it was given, but it Is not in keeping with the broader knowledge of the present time, gained by careful examination of roads built in strict conformity with well-known specifications. Years ago the theory of thin roads, with a V-shaped drain along the centre, received favor. This V-shupcd drain Is as effective both for removing the water and supporting the mctnling as side drains and a Telford base. Its cost is approximately sev enty-seven cents per linenl foot of road less than construction with a Telford base and two drains, and thirty-five cents less than the same base with a ?ingle side drain. Thi# system of construction Is direct ly opposite to that advanced in most of the accepted manuals on the subject. The old idea has been to get the water off the roadbed Just as quickly as pos sible. To accomplish this the subgrnde has been crowded and rolled and the lower courses of stops are conrse and often of considerable thickness, Hy the new system of construction tho water remains on the roadbed and is collected by the outlet drains at fifty foot points, the draining not being dis turbed along each side of the read, but coneentrated at a regular series of points.?Engineering Hveord. A .illnor*' Cfcnpol, One of the most tainarknble places of worship In the world Is the miners' chapel in Myndd Mcnigdd colliery, Swansea, Wales. It Is close to the bottom of the shaft. The only liulit obtained Is that from a solitary safety lamp, hung o\>-r the pulpit from the celling, and the oldest miner In the colliery is generally chosen to officiate. A DM'mlfBr* of CliRrirltr. Professor Karl Pearson says that ha notes decadence of character and loss of Intelligent leadership alike In the Itrltlsh merchant, the professions! man and the workman. ' There Is not ouly a paucity of the better intelligences to guide, but "of the moderate fatelll. genee to be tcwided,** Dr. I'oarson At*. ) tributes It to nice sulcld*