University of South Carolina Libraries
* "Whether tto better to aln (f, and be Judged, or femsln virtuous 1b misery, and be condemned bj sus picion?" Mi Maude Roosevelt, la Up* plncott's. ?? For every 100,000 people in England there are 150 medical men. In this country thej are too numerous to count, comments the Birmingham (Ala.) Age-Herald. Mo Power will officially admit that St la kostlte to the American Republic, bat at least two Continental Powers .wiilil be delighted to hear that Amer ica had neither army nor fleet, the Lon fipectator declares. "Of all the movements In the coun try since I was an undergraduate." ?aid Jobn llorley. at Oxford the other ?day. "that which has raised women In all the chances of life to something like an equality with men strikes me ?as the most far-reaching.** A notice of insolvency of the estate ?of Mary O'Brien, wet nurse, recently appeared in an Australian newspaper. The liabilities were stated to be ?74, 10s, 7d. the assets ?15, the deficiency ?59. 10s. id; and the cause of the de ficiency. the decline in the birth rate. There is a picture In the billiard room of the London Army and Navy dob which represents two skeletons playing billiards while a crowd of oth er skeletons look on. smoking cigars and drinking from long tumblers. The players evidently desire -cheerful sur roundings. The new city directory lor Chicago bas been given to the public. Based on the number of names, it gives Chicago ? population for 1904 of 2^241,000. The directory of 1903 gave Chicago an esti mated population of 2,231,000. The new directory contains 657,000 names, an Increase of 300(5 over the directory of 1903. The danger in building large aailing ships, commercially speaking, is, first, the difficulty of obtaining assurance of M sufficient cargo, and, secondly, the slim chances of finding a skillful crew. Able seamen are very scarce. Steam ships are manned nowadays by long shoremen and stevedores, declares tho fcew York Press. Hky and potatoes will be cheaper this year, but let us set a little comfort from the consumer's point, says the Massachusetts Ploughman. Some of the poorer people who bad almost for gotten the taste of a potato, will be able to afford square meals again, while many of the town and city horses may also have a chance to pad tbelr bony sides with good, substantial rations. There ought to be a good market for 'American horses in Germany, accord ing to Consul-Genera 1 Worman, in Munich. The Russian edict forbidding the exportation of horses on account of the war with Japan has affected sev eral sections of Germany which have depended upon importation of horses from Russia. In 1003, 43,000 horses, gained at $4,026,000, were imported Into Germany from Russia. Ger many has always been the largest buyer of Russian horses, and if the edict should continue long in force United States horse breeders ought to recover tbe market for horses. In Bavaria horses are im ported from Austria and Hungary, particularly from Hungary. "I be lieve," says Mr. Worman, "that if United States horse breeders would make a special effort to participate in the races which usually take place here In May and later, they would un doubtedly make a market for their horses, despite the close proximity of Hungary. An average horse cannot be bought here for less than $200. A pair of horses which cost here from 91000 to $1500 would not sell in the United Statfes for more than $350 or $400." For a long time much was spoken and written about the superiority of the little fsrm. When that was going on it had much In it that was all right. If tho way of farming Is to work tbo land until It will no longer give profitable yield, the i tho less land tho better; but If the plan is to Improve tho land year by year, so increasing lis ability to produce, and with the man agement as economical as if en a small scale, then the larger tho farm the better. It Is in farming as it Is in manufacturing or commerce, a que* tlon of ability and capital. ?ome of the most successful fsrmcrs la the United States to-day are tneu from ?city life who have had a business tralnlqg. Thero must be a liking for the calling, for any business, or the best outcomo is not possible. It is dangerous for a new epcrator to begin -on a big scale. Tbe small farmer, who Is fond and nsturally fitted for farming, will almost Inevitably have 4>utrenchlngs and growth. Nowhere does Individuality have outlet more than It does In farming, and so it is llie fact that some men will manage a thousand-acre farm*as snugly and as profitably as others would a farm of forty acres. Men and capital go to gether In this business as never before. Tho small farm without tho capacity ' or tho capital to hHndlo it is not uioro 4c?lrablo than la tlio large one. America and the Moros. By Henry Bchuler Towni T HB sorernmeat of the Moro prorlace Is, la gtwl, ?IM promote tbo natural development of th?e people. aai aok la "Americanist" them, after the meaner of the American ladln The conditions are altogether different, aad la this particular tbo pcofclem Is ampler than was the Indian problem. The Indians were an exceedingly sparse population, occupying a land which the white race needed for the purpose of establishing homes. Vtor centuries hosts of homeeeekers have been crowding into the lands held by a tew Indians too primitive to really use the land over which they and their ancestors had freely roamed. The manifest destiny of the red man has b#S? and Is either assimilation with tho white race or with the sshes of bis an* cestors. The fact that the changes he is called upon to make are contrary to the laws of nature as revealed In the history of human development, that at best he cannot be expected to become more than an Inferior Imitation white man, may add a touch of pathos to his destiny, but cannot alter it. On the Other hand, the peoples of this province are comparatively numerous, and their lands are at present neither needed nor desired for homes by the white raoe. White men are here -to make money, not to make homes. They are not likely to become predominant In numbers for some centuries to come. They are sure to be an Important, though transient, element lp (he population; but tlielr Interests must be bound up In those of the lower peoples. The development of tbese peoples can be best promoted with due and full regard for the laws of nature as revested hi history. The Moro peoples have attained the degree of civilization which fits them for feudalism, and not for any of the more advanced forms of government Cannot this snd some of the historically succeeding stages of development be skipped? Answering this question with another, cannot my child- obtain release from the laws of gravitation and lesrn to wslk without having developed the atrength necessary to sustsin his natural weight, and without reference to equilibrium? The lessons of feudslism are as essential to the future progress of these peoples ss are weight and equilibrium to the act of walking. Feudalism has its place In the economy of nsture, and In its place is good. Nature, as revesled in history, calls upon the new government of the Moro province to assume the feudal overlordship of these peoples, to teach them law and order as between tribes, and. by influence as far as possible and- by force ss a last resort, to ameliorate the government of tho tribes by the datos. Thus will the Moro come to feel secure in person and in property, and he will consider It no hardship to lay aside his arms and devote himself to pursuits of peace. This '?eung ?' security will foster acquisitiveness, which in turn may be used as a spur to Industry.?The Forum. A Sun Theory, How It Manases to Give Off Negative Electricity, By E. E. Fournler d'Albe. s VANTE ARRHENIUS frames a theory of the process by virtue of which the sun is able to give out a continuous supply of negative electricity without its positive electrification being raised to such I a high point as to retain the 'negative electrons In the sun. This process necessitates some form of circulation or renewal of the negative electricity la the sun, and the author makes such a cir culation very plausible. We know that negative ions condense ?spore more easily man positive Ions. The gases In the atmosphere of the sun are Ionized by the ultra-violet radiation. Therefore we have to suppose that among the little drops formed by condensation In tiie sun's atmosphere, fsr more are negatively charged than are positively charged. As these drops are driven away by tho pressure of radiation, they charge with negative elec tricity the atmosphere of celestlsl bodies, sucii as the earth, till the charge is so great that discharges occur, and cathode rsys are formed, which csrry the charge back to the universe. The author mskes an Interesting calculation of the speed with which the drops will be driven from the sun, assuming that the radistlon pressure is twice their weight. A drop which partly reflects the light will arrive at the earth in about 46 hours. Now, according to Ellis, the lntervsl elapsing between the passage of a sun spot across the meridian and the maximum of the consequent.magnetic storm upon the earth is 42.5 hours. This agreement renders the base of the calculation ressonably probable. The author then goea on to show that the charge of the sun is sufficient to sttract and absorb negative electrons traveling with observed velocities anywhere within 1.26 light-years of the sun. Since tlie nearest stsr is four light-years away, and there are other stars about ten light years off, not many electrons can traverse interstellar space without being attracted by tsnme star or other. Thus the suns recover from space ss much negative electricity as they lose. The electric charges of the suns are very effective regulators. If the chsrge is quadrupled the mean distance of the caught electrons is doubted, or. In other words, as ttiey are uniformly dissem inated m space, their quantity Is quadrupled. Therefore, the supply of negative electricity to the suns is proportional to their defect thereof. battleship Versus Torpedo. By Parle Benjamin. A IAIN ST submerged torpedoes, guns and armour do not protect. < And so, even when we consider the actual fight of ships fit to lie in the line?battleships against battleships?the torpedo instantly obtrudes itself as a factor which must be dealt with. Are we i to go on building these huge floating forts, with great superstruc tures and enormously heavy armour and guns piled high Bp in them, knowing a single explosion under w?tor m?v mh?? ?u*? Infallibly to "turn turtle" and plunge to the bottom? Are we to go on building tbem with bottoms weaker than the merchant ships, because hitherto we have not believed in the dangers of torpedo attacks? These are vital questions. They are not influenced by the truism that the fighting line must be com posed of the best units, nor do they depend upon endless platitudes with the command of the sea" as their pereptual refrain. Neither are the answers to them anywhere discernible In what Nelson or Lord Howe did, or in the dusty archives of libraries of naval annals. They belong to th* future and not to the past, and the world .needs clear, practical brains for their solution, and not those supersaturated with antiquated and obsolete traditions. The most Immediate of all questions is whether there is any protection obtainable by any method or means for the bottoms of battleships against torpedoes. It Is widely believed, for example, that by devoting lesB weight to superstructure and guns, and more to strengthening the framing and bot* torn plates, a hull can be made which will resist such attacks. This would probably involve the elimination of the intermediate battery and the re striction of battleship guns to a few of the largest calibre?a result not lm. practicable In view of the great celerity we have recently attained In work ing these huge cannon. It also would probably require the giving up of some speed, as well as of armored protection at the ends of the ship. This, at least, Is one possibility meroly by way of suggestion. Is It not time we en defc'ored to think of ways of defending battleships before proceeding to the building, say, of 18,000-ton vessels at a cost of eight millions each, eslly de structible by a few dollars' worth of gun-cotton??From "Battleships, Mines, and Torpedoes," In the American Monthly Review of Reviews. The Woman of the West. By Henry Loomia Nelson. T HiE SOCIAL picture of the Middle West ab a whole, however, pre sents the sexes occupying different intellectual and moral planes. There the woman is indisputably the mistrcsB in all that makes ? for culture?culture in letters and in art; tho man is king in his own active realm. Each is most deferential to the other in that other's sphere. The books on the shelves, the pictures on the wall, are of the woman's choice or selection. Tho man ?peak* of her literary or artistic tastes, usually of both combined, with the reverence that la due to her superior intellectual and spiritual gifts and ac quirements. She Is the hostess, and the host stands appropriately behind her. She Is the Instructed and leads the intellectual movements of her town. The book club, the Dante club, the entertainer of the lecturing traveling lion] Is the woman. Often the clergyman assists, but she, through her influence over the surrendered man, has selected her clergyman, and on her he must count for the success of himself and of his work. She is indeed generous and gracious, and welcomes with Joy every man who strays from business Into the company of books and pictures, into homes which she ha* made. They call their houses homes oftener than the East, and these homes bespeak the finer taste of the woman. Her education Is likely to be more virile than that of her Eastern sisters, beeause It Is acquired at schools and colleges where co-education of the sexes is the rule. Her domination In the home and her primacy In the higher life, as we are Inclined to call It, are seen not only In the more obvious social affairs, but In the element of seriousness which marks most life In this midway of the couutry.?Harper's Magazine. We Will Be Represented. The United States will be well rep resented in Rome next December at the Jubilee of tho dogma of the im In the telegrams the other da? about the recent fighting done In Atchln by the Dutch troops, it was said that Atch tnene women and children were killed. In the Dutch House of Commons on July 27 It was explained that the na tives Always placed their women and children In front of them and fired at the Dutch from behind. The Dutch never fired until they had given threo warnings. "But." It was explained, "there are SOO.OOO gnjous and Col. Von Danton ha3 only a fow hundred sol diers. So lie cannot Incur undue risks." A French professor declares oysters cannot transmit any disease to human beings. J maculate conception. Archbishop Chapelle. Bishop McDcnnoll and Bloh op Bolton ann'mucc their Intention to be present. Hugh Rellly, a Philadelphia police man, Is on? of tho most valuable men en the Quaker City force This Is bc (auso of his intimate acqualntancs with tho Chinese language, of which lie has made a study. Rcilly, who is nn Iiishman by birth, has arrested 300 Oriental lawbreakers In the ten year? lie has been an officer. Many a time he hns taken his life In his hands while (basing slont-oyed criminals through dark hallways In Chinatown, and on 8< veral occasions his uniforms has been ripped to plrnee by knives in unseen hands, but so far he has cscaped so ?*lou? injury. A Bluestocking; ROMANCE REALITY. By Miss Annie Edwards. CHAPTER 1L Continued. Just for a Moment Daphne realises, as she has not done these three years past, that June means love; just for a moment acknowledges that to speak to a man younger than the parish rec tor, more cultivated than a peasant farmer. Is not absolutely and finally disagreeable. Sir John Severne Is quick to follow up whatever infinlteslmaliy small progress he may have made. "As far as my present experience goes, the Jersey lanes seem construct ed on the fundamental principle of leading back unwary strangers to the point from which they start. The Hampton Court maze 011 a larger scale. Now, this path we are on? is there the slightest chance of it landing me anywhere if I~ follow It with persis tence? I want to take a sketch at high water of Quernec Bay." he goes on, and by this time Daphuc's eyes are ahyly giving him back glance for glance. "A sketch of Quernec Into which I can bring the coast of France, and perhaps get one of those old Mar tello towers for a foreground. You could direct me, I am sure, to such a spot?" The question touches her at a vul nerable point. On the lowliest plane, I with the keenest sense of her short-1 comings. Daphne Is herself an artist? derives the nearest approach to self forgetfulness her life knows in watch ing Nature's shapes and hues, and re producing them in unnaturally soft, minutely stippled water color draw ings. Her only teacher has been her Aunt Theodora; and Miss Vanslt tart's art notions date from her school days. A period when young women were wont, like Hood's Miss Prlscilla, to rough cast with shell work, coat with red and black seals, incrust with blue alum, stick-over with colored wa fers, or festoon with little rice paper roses; and when wooly pencil drawings executed on perforated cardboard, held but a subordinate rank among these sister arts. And still, by some native Instinct. Daphne feels as acutely as though she had studied under a pre-Raphaellte master at South Kensington what a picture should be! How like the sharp outlines, the vivid colors she sees in woods and lanes, how unlike the hazy counterfeits with which she and Miss Theodora laboriously adorn th?? walls oi Fief-de-la-Heine. She is too dissev ered from the world and the world's opinions for the handle to a name to affect her. Sir John Severne might be fifty times Sir John, and his title yield him no preference in her mind over any plain esquire. The thought that he is ah artist does give him a passport, for live minutes at least, to her favor. "If you keep to this path for a cou ple of fields more It will bring you out by the Petite Cucellette. After that, you know Maitre Hamon's farm?" "Maltre Hamon's farm? ? I am ashamed to say I do not." "Nor the But de la Hue that runs alongside the Marais?" Sir John Severne is forced again to display his Ignorance. "Well, of course, if you know noth ing, not even the But fie la ltue, nor the Marate, you had beRt turn Into the high road. Follow It straight when once you leave the fields, nnd a quar ter of an hour's walking will bring you to F!ef-dc-la-Bclne. A big gran ite house," she adds, "desolate but for the roses, with a sun-dial in front, and a broken archway?and sea. and waste, and heaps of half-dried seaweed clos ing it on every side." Daphne's face gets back to its usual look of blank weariness as she speaks. CHAPTEIt III. Kisses. But Daphne, without presage of evil, is talking over her afternoon's adven ture as she saunters with slow steps homeward through the Inues, Aunt ilosie her companion. At a glance yen would, perhaps, not discover the younger Miss Vanslttart's gentle blood with tne same certainty as you would ihoodora's. A modish headdress, a lavender silk n la Be gence, are powerful agents in deter mining one's forecasts as to birth: and Miss Theodora's line of profile, adven titious aids apart, Is unquestlonably one that betrays a score of foolish transmitters more conspicuously than her sister's. But let Aunt Ilosie speak, come un der the Influence of her eyes and stnlle, and you feel yourself then and there in the presence of something higher than all gentility. Poor Miss Theodora's airs and graces can never fail of reminding you, half pathetically, like the scent of long dead flowers, that she has known bet ter days in the past. Miss Ho/dc's brave aud simple cheerfulness so en nobles the present that you forget-there could have been a better or a happh r past to sink from. How or why she was first called Ho sle, in lieu of Henrietta, 110 man knows. The country folk of the neigh borhood. Methodists most of them, and well posted in Hcrlptural nomenclature, call her "Miss Ilosie" on all occasions whsn they would show more than or dinary respect. Sometimes, cn farm business, or the like, she will even re ceive a letter addressed to "Miss Ho Dog Travels 70 Mile* to Old Home. A remarkable Instance of a dop's love of home Is reported from Crom lrlgh, Dunblane, Perthshire. A collie do* was Riven to Mr. Hunter of Her riotsliall, Ber* Ickshlre, by his broth er-ln law, Mr. Gllliolm of Cromlegh. and was sent by train to the border land. The animal worked among the sheep for two days and then suddenly disappeared. It afterward turned tip at Its old home, having done the sev enty mile Journey In forty hours.? London Telegraph. ?anna." But simple "Aunt Hoaie**? that is the name by which she is known, sought after, beloved through out the district. Material for large charity the Miss Vanalt tarts do not possess, neither in Quernec Bay would almsgiving, as the word la understood in prosperous Eng land, be accepted. In this primitive community the vice of improvidence is not. Every man has his share in a boat, his own tiny freehold, his right of common; every woman clings, with tne tenacity of a religious belief, to her hoarded press of linen and her half dozen tablespoons. But. wher ever human hearts beat, exists work in plenty for him whose mission is the Samaritan's. In seasons of shipwreck or of illness, when sons are lost at sea, when little children arc left fath erless?in every perennial sorrow of our common lot, Aunt Hosie's is the one needed presence, hers the best consolation. Not a sick iierson but rates her nursing powers higher than the doctor's science?higher, it may be sometimes feared, than the ghostly ministrations of parson or of priest. Not a dying pillow that her hand can not smooth or a group of mourners with whom her tears?iu these she is rich?do not flow In sj-mpathy. When Miss Theodora visits among her neighbors, it is in a stiff, official manner, with appropriate chapter and verse, satisfactorily bringing back be fore her consciousness the day when ner lamented papa commanded forts and garrisons and it was a duty for his daughter to give moral succor to such wives and children of soldiers as were on the regulation. To enlarge before suffering sinners upon the jus tice of Providence and the retributive nature of their own pains, is, with the distribution pf wrath-dealing tracts, Theodora's honest conception of doing good. And as her spiritual encourage ments are afforded either in English, of which the Quernac fishing people un derstand little, or in halting, graminar learnt, "good French." of which they understood nothing at all. it can scarce l?e matter of wonder that the poor re gard her visits like wet harvests of iu fructuous springs, as some mysterious caprice upon the part of Heaven, and submit to rather than solicit their con tinuance. Aunt Hosie talks the Island patois? the French of Froissart you wiil hear a Jersey man call It?with volubility; a burr of gooil North Country accent clinging to her tongue, and rendering the speech less musical than character istic. She spends her life out of doors; owning, and, with the help of Margot and Margot's lover, farming an estate of, I am ashamed to sny how few acres; and is sun-tanned and wind dried as a bit of autumn's vralc. The simile sounds unflattering, but at ibis seauuiiiid, Isolated point of exis tence one Ik ho surrounded by vraic thnt It Interpenetrates the thoughts unawares; vraie strews the shores, gardens, ileitis, sends its dense white smoke through every cottage eidmney. now fresh, now dried, now in ashes, tills the air of the whole district with its searching odor. A clean cotton gown in summer, a serge one in winter, a sun-bonnet through every season of the year. Such is Aunt Ilosie's dress. She weeds, hoes, works in the' bay field, at the vraic harvest, the cider press; and with it all remains n lady, an extraor dinarily contented one! The two elder sisters, after a quar ter of a century spent at Fief-de-la Relne, still look back on Kath, Brigh ton and Cheltenham with a sigh. Miss Theodora, notably, who keeps up the social credit of the house, and on oc casion dlneR nt the houses of the abor iglnal gentility, gets periodical fits of low spirits, uncertain temper and con comitant doctors' visits. From all these afflictions Aunt Iiosie is free. Her manner is a trifle abrupt, like the sea wind, tlint asks no leave bt'fore it salutes your cheek; her speech wholesomely bitter, like the simples culled from lior own old-fash ioned herb garden; and for her face " "The bloom of uglluoss is past." she will tell you, frankly. "I am a better looking woman now than I was at twenty-five, and mean to be a beauty yet before I die." Aud, little though she suspects it. her homely features do possess a charm, a loveliness such as many washed-out cheeks and overperfect profiles of a youuger generation can not boast. "As wine savors of the cask wherein it Is kept," wrote a quaint author, "as wine savors of the cask wherein it Is kept, so the soul receives a tiucttire from the body through which it works." The conceit returns ever to my mind when I think of the brave, weather freshened old face of Henrietta Van slttart. "To-dny seems fated to be one of wild excitement. Aunt Hosie," says Daphne, Just as the two arrive within sight of Flef-de-la-Kelne. "Jean Marie uud Margot have discovered, after five years' waiting, thnt they have saved up linen aud spoons enough to fall in love, and I. I>aphne Chester, have spoken, actually spoken, to a strang er." "Aye, mlstortui. * seldom comes single," is Aunt Ilosie's answer. "Jean j Mario and Vargot are a pair of fool*. J Our Occupations. A Census Bureau report on occupa tions shows that In continental Unit ed States the total number of per sons engaged in gainful occupations In 1900 was 29,073,2*1, which consti tuted one-half the population, ten years of age or over, and nearly two fifths of the cntiro population. Of these 4,833,030 wore women and 1, 750,178 wero children. ThoKd of for eign blrtb aggregated 5,851,399, or ane-flfth of the total number of gain ful workers. "And. wringing her hands, holding tip her apron to her faee! What in the heaven <*.!!? the daft-headed unutc O f h creature now? If scours and hyster ics are to be the first effects of court ship. what may we hope for later on?" ' "There is something wrong." ex claims Daphne, her cheeks and lips, blood-forsaken, turning to a livid whiteness. "Something has hnppeucd to the child. Faul, Paul, where are you?" And, scarcely conscious tlint her feet touch solid earth, she rushes wildly down the read, across the garden, where Margot. ordinarily the most sto lid of mortal beings, stands laughing, crying, talking, all in a breath, and with utterly incoherent volubility. "Eh, rnon Dou, mon Dou! Le pauvre p'tit babouin?ia grande marie?le Mussleu Anglaz!" These, or words like these, fall vaguely on Daphne's senses. She heeds them not. She pauses to ask no questions. Her heart prophe sies, answers all. Onward toward the sea she hurries, down the path where an hour before Panlle, safe and happy," was chasing butterflies in the sunshine, past the tottering, fear-stricken figure of Miss Theodore, onward toward the sea?1o succor?oh. heaven, if succor be vain ?to perish with the child! ? ? ? ? ? Rosy, unhurt. Paul at this moment is being lifted by strong, familiar arms from the "Wesley" to dry land. Not In vain did Severne give his last halloa before starting to the lwy's rescue. From a cottage outside the garden of Fief-de-la-Keine the shout was heard by the nurse tender of a sick fisher's wife, and help quickly summoned from the nearest hay field, help that did not arrive one minute too soon. To reach little Paul by alternate wading and swimming, was no easy feat; but Sev erne, hardy, resolute and a practical swimmer, accomplished it. To return, with deepening tide, and with the add* ed burden of a helpless, clinging clilld, was a matter of wholly different com plexion. Long before his rescuer reached him, Paul's danger had become imminent, every deepening wave wash in, over the slippery, weed-covered rocks, and rendering the child's slight footing more Insecure. At the distance of fifteen or twenty yards nearer shore, however, lay another ridge, still well above water, and thus far upon the way to safety Severne with difficulty bore Ills chnrge. Then came recogni tion of the truth, then came a clearer look into the face of death than Sir John Severne, during his fiveand twenty years of vigorous youth hud ever gained before. To swim hack with the child across such a sea as this was. he knew, the next thing to Impossible; to swim back alone?nay, I will do the young fellow no Injus tice. that temptation never even for a passing moment assailed him! "What were you doing, small boy, alone, and at such a distance?" he I asked, as Paul's bright, undaunted face looked up at his. "J'pequlous," answered Paul, not without some sportsman's pride. "Via man cabot!" And. upon that, unclasped the An | flcrs of his left hand and exhibited I his prize?a Ash. two-thirds of an inch In length, which, not even with the | waters closing fast around him, that resolute little brown fist had relin qulshed. To be Continued. The total income of all American farmers lust year was about $5,500. <>00,000. Fall In tore, indeed! As If two ouch heads, put together, will not be a hundred times thicker than thej were a parti And at this season, too?all the battest part of the year before us! As to strangers, live-pound excursion ists." says Aunt Hosle. decisively, "the farther they keep themselves from Flef-de-ls-Reine and from my carna tions, the better I shall be able to ap preciate their virtues." "Five-pound excursionists! Human creatures with cabbage sticks ?n their hands, and pink-and-orauge cravats round their throats! Aunt Ho sle." cries Mrs. Chester, not without a heightened color, "what would I have done that 1 should be suspected of such things? My stranger?was .was " "Don't trouble yourself to tell me. child. I am most incurious in the mat ter." "But his name?at least I might have told you that?Sir John Scverne. Not a bad name in its way. is it?" Aunt Hosle looks round searchingly at the girl's face. "I need hanlly ask if 'Sir John* had a drawl, or if lie was good enough to admire my niece Daphne, aiul depre ciate existence generally through an eyeglass?" she remarked. "In speak ing of a fine gentleman of the present day these things are understood." "Sir John had no drawl, no eye glass. ar.d. I am quite sure, uo admira tion." says Daphne. But again she blushes. In lives self colored, unhurried as hers, people ean afford themselves the luxury of a con science. Daphne Chester owns one. and It pricks her?young Severne's last glance returning before her vis ion and convicting her sharply of falsehood. "No drawl, ho eyeglass, no admira tion. I wish you joy. my dear. You have seen a paragon at last. Unfortu nately, I never in my best days had much belief in paragons, and I am too old and too prejudiced to subscribe to new creeds now." "And as Sir John Severne will doubtless go away by to-morrow morning's boat, I shall have no means of converting yon." sajs Daphne, lightly. "See. who is that coming out to meet us?" For they are now within a stone's throw of the entrance to the farm. "Margot, as I live. She must have run home quickly by the Ma rals " Thoro arc fnmc 400,000 German set* tlcru In Brazil, .most of whom. It Is true, aro ?Brazilian subjects, but who send their children to German schools which arc maintained for tbe purpose of training thtm In German habits and a love of Germany, the Isondon Times declarer. Emigration Is ducted by three great colonizing as soclations. and German merchants, German bankers, and German ship owners arc nil Interested In main taining and developing German In fluences in Urrzll. A* Era of Itoad RulMloc. That the llrst quarter of the twen tleth century will be a great era of road building lu this country uovr seems probable. All (mtmhs who have given serious thought to the question are agreed on the following proposi tions: That road building lu the United States has been greatly neglected; that we are far behind other civilized nations In this respect; that the gen eral improvement of the highwaya throughout the country would do more to promote the welfare and happiness of the people than any other work which could be undertaken, and that the present Is an auspicious time for Inaugurating a national good roads : campaign. The last of these propositions is in some respects the most important be cause on it rests the hope that some thing is actually going to be doue. The * last quarter of the nineteenth century was the great era of railroad building, but that has now passed into history. Of course, we are still building rail roads, and will coutinue to buiid them for ages, but never agaiu on the euor tnous scale of the past thirty years. The necessity and the opportunity no longer exist. The energy, the enthu siasm. and the capital heretofore di rected to the building of railroads Is now seeking other channels, one of which Is the building of Improved highways. Another reason for believing tliat the time is ripe for a great popular uprising for good roads arises from the extension of the rural free mall deliv ery. This Is rightly looked upon a a one of the most beneficent develop ments of modern civilization. In fact, f the people have scarcely begun to re alize the extent of Its benefits. Proper Construction of Kaailn. Broken stone roads may !e conven iently divided into two classes - mac adam and telford. The principal dif ference between these two construc tions is as to the propriety or necessi ty of a paved foundation beneath the coating of broken stone. Macadam denied the advantage of this, while Telford supported and iractieed it. This pc'.nt will not he argued here, but It Is suggested that good judgment should be used In the selection of one or the other of those systems. The macadam system Is the best under some conditions, while the telford is more advantageous under others. The latter system seems to have the advan tage in swampy, wet places, or where the soil is in strata varying in hard ness. or where the foundation is lia ble to get soft In spots. Under most other circumstances experienced road builders prefer the macadam construc tion. The earth foundation for either sys tem is identical. It 'should have the same slopes from centre to shies as the finished road, with sutllcient shoul dering to hold the stone in place .il tiie sides. Thr Wavi Knd Mrun*. Thoughtful. progressive people :ire earnestly discussing the ways and means by which the highways of the country may be improve<]. The great est obstacle to progress along this line appears to be that, under existing law* ami conditions, no general movement Is possible. Everything depends on local effort ami local Initiative. What is needed Is National legislation which will stimulate action in all section*, and co-ordinate local effort. At pres ent those who have given the matter most thought are In favor of a Nalional 1 aid law similar to the State aid laws now In force in several States. .1u*t what will be the solution of the prob lem cannot now be foreseen, but this much appears certain that the era of road building on a large scale is dawn ing. and something of importance is going to be done in the immediate fu ture. Tlie Wr?hf?t Mnk, As a chain Is no stronger than its weakest link, just so the greatest load which can be hauled over a road is the load which can be hauled tip the steepest hill on that road. The cost of haulage is, therefore, necessarily in creased in proportion to the grade, as it costs one and one-half times as much to haul over a road having a live per cent, grade, and three times as much over one having a ten per cent, grade as 011 a level road. As a perfectly level road can seldom be had. it Is well to know the steepest allow able grade. If the hill be one of great length, it is best to have tho lowest part steepest, upon which the horse is capable of exerting his full strength, and to make the slope more gentle toward tho summit to correspond with the continually decreasing strength of the fatigued animal. Orartea. flood roads should wind around hills Instead of running over them; and in many cases this would not increase their length, as it is no further around some hills than over tht-ni. Moreover, as a general rule, the horizontal length of a road may be advantageously in creased, to avoid an ascent, by at l<\ist tweuty times the perpeudicHlar height thus saved; for Instance, to escape a hill 100 feet high it wouid be better for the road to make such a circuit as would Increase its length 2000 feet. The reasons for this are manifold, the principal one being that a horse can pull only four-llfths as much on a grade of two feet in ion, and gradual - ly less as the grade Increases until with a grade of ten feet in 100 he can draw but one-fourth a.* much us ho can on ? level road. Tolincoo Anil. It has been calculated that 8000 toil* of tobacco ash Is annually wasted it* England. It would make an invaluable, fertilizer for poor soil, considering that seventy-five per cent, consists of cal cium and potassium suit*, and fifteen per cent, of magnesium and sodium salt*, including nearly live per cent.; of the essential constituent to all plant*' ?phosphoric acJ?L ?"