3B. A. WEBSTER. Editor and Proprietor.
A Weekly Paper Devoted to Temperance, Literature and Polilia?.
VOLUME II.
ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1875.
NUMBER 12.
TIMELY TOPICS.
THE compulsory school law in New
York, which promised so much nt thc
time of its enactment, lias already Itccomc
a dead letter. Out of the 15,000 children
which were known in January to be tru
ants, only .'l?? have been compelled to
attend school, and their attendance for
six months has cost thc city $14,000. It
lt lakes time to learn, but sooner or later
people must learn that there are social
Wrongs which indirectly affect the slate
that laws alone cannot control.
G?MGXAXI states that the soundings
for the submarine tunnel between ling
land and France arc being- carried on
actively. They are at this moment di
rected to thc part of the straits near the
English coast, at a few miles from shore.
Each evening the vessel which carries thc
commission returns to Dover, Calais or
Boulogne, and work is recommenced the
next day. The engineers charged with
that important labor, MM. Larousse and
Lavallc, are perfectly satisfied with the j
results obtained ; and so far nothing luis I
occurred to destroy their previsions rela
tive to the depth.
">R. FRANCIS WU AUTON, in an article
in Lippincott's Magazine, discusses the
relations of spiritualism and jurispru
dence. "What attitude," bc asks, "is
urisprudenee to assume toward a person
who, charged with an invasion of tin
laws of the land, sets up a defense that
ho was acting under the constraint (d' a
superior spiritual power? What attitude
is jurisprudence to assume toward those
who exercise such power for an illegal
end?" Dr. Wharton has no doubt that
mediums arc responsible for acts done
while professedly entranced, and for the
acts of persons whom they may get un
der their control.
AN appeal is now before tho Xew York
supreme court, involving the question ol'
thc right to assess churches for street im
provements. Throe churches of Now
York city unite in endeavoring to escape
Ute payment of certain assessments lor
paying streets. It was decided at special
term of tho court that, under an act
thirty-five years old, which has been once
repealed-the repealing net being after
ward itself repealed-tho churches were
exempt from assessment, as they wore
free from city tax. The prominence
given to this case may stimulate thc gen
eral discussion, which has not been in
frequent of late years, concerning the
exemption of church property from tax
ation. _
T?ltKEY is afraid that Ruissia will
take Constantinople and kick the
Crescent out of Europe. Russia is afraid
Prussia will take Finland and Poland.
Austria is afraid Germany will take Aus
tria. Germany is afraid France will
take Alsace-Lorraine, and France is
afraid that Germany will take (he
province of Champagne, as Yon Jlioltko's
soldieis got Slich a first-class taste of its
sparkling wine during the 1870 campaign.
England is afraid iier scattered provinces
will take themselves and leave her only a
nutshell to crack in ber own little isle.
Spain is afraid thc United States will
lake Cuba._
Tm: last on dil from Paris is thal thc
Empress Eugenie lately requested Pres;
?dent MacMalion to permit her to visit
Paris for twenty-four hours in tho most
private manner, and that tho result was
a prompt refusal. The French Govern
ment permits the Bourbon Princes to
reside in Paris; has placed the Due
'd'Aumalo(.(one of them) in Command of
ono of the. eighteen {grand divisions of
the French army ; permits tho Prince
Napoleon (Jerome) to reside in Paris
but, in the most peremptory manner,
fornida tho Prince Imperial, a penniless!
young gentleman nineteen year old, and
his mother, a wddow with narrow means,
to set foot on French soil The only
plain reference for this is that President
MacMalion and his/responsible advisors
have no fear of the Bourbon or thc
Orleans pretensions and 'pretenders, bu
are infinitely afraid of young Napoleon
and his brother.
THE hoods which desolated Toolome
and if ff neighborhood last spring, after
the melting of the winter snows, have
been equaled, if not surpassed hy those
which followed eight days of rain last
month.4 A correupondent of the New
York Herald estimates Hie loss in the
valley of tho Allies at 8,000,000 francs,
and that in Heron lt, the Gard and thc
Loz?re, at 20,000,000-a total of nearly
$7,000,000 in ?m?rican money. Four
hundred houses h ave been demolished
and one hundred lives lost. Thc flood
* nurat on .tho Abbey, of Fontfroid while
.tho monks were at prayer, (hie of them
was killed, and n?dfhoV l?st an oyo. The
damage to thc rtbliey will reach $-10,000.
In various ncigldH)rhoi.\.H vhc crops havi
been completely destroyed, and even thc
carib in graveyards bas been so dissolved
by thc water that collina have floated
away. There is still milch distress, hut
liberal subscript ions are being taken up
in Paris and other cities.
CHAULES PHAKOS ADAMS, in his able I
report as railroad commissioner ot" Mas- '
sachusetts, expresses the opinion that thc
only course to pursue toward railroad
corporations! is to bring to bear upon
them the power ol public (minion, and
suggests that this bc done by thc appoint
ment of a board of arbitrators, like the
one that luis proven so efficient in Mas
sachusetts. The duty of this board, he
says, is lo hear complaints, and if they
prove just, to suggest to the officers of
the corporation the propioty of correct
ing them, if they refuse, an appeal fol
lows to the board of directors, and should
their response provefavorable uifthc mat
ter is reported to the next legislature
for such action as it may deem proper lo
take. Thus far this plan, Mr. Adams
states, has worked well: the hoard of
directors have complied with the sug
gestions in a frank and liberal spirit.
He admits, however, that in Massachu
setts the railways are owned by the com*
munity, and'that popular opinion there
would be prompt to sustain the commis
sioners. Hut it is hinted that the popu
lar opini?n of Massachusetts would have
no effect on railways outside the limits of
that state. _
AT the recent meeting of the Social
Science association in Bristol, Professor I
.levons returned to the subject of ex
haustion of thc coal-fields, and very fully
supported the views that have been re-!
pcatcdly urged on that important topic. I
Ile showed that the annual rate of iu-|
crease of consumption, so far from having!
been overrated in his previous calcula
tions, was not actually in excess of those
calculations; ami that the actual increase
of consumption is at thc rate of ?ll per
cent per annum, not in arithmetical but
in geometrical progression. The total
produce of IS73 is estimated at 128,080,
180 lons, according to thc rep'?'
inspectors ol' 'inines. '~'?1ic-iq\m?tity eon
urned for domestic purposes was esti
mated at one ton per head per annum of
the whole population, or between thirty
and forty millions of tons. The total
exports of coal are only from twelve to
fourteen millions ol' tons per annum.'
Thus some eighty millions of tons repre
sent thc motive and manufacturing power
of tiie country. Thc waste in consump
tion, whether for manufacturing or do
mestic purposes, is, no doubt, enormous
It was lamented hy the president in his
address, and admitted by all the speakers.
The most economical compound engines
only obtain ?rie-ele veil til part of thc ?
theoretic value of coal, measured in foot- 1
pounds. At the same time, when wc j
consider what is the result of the coin- ]
bastion, in round numbers, of a quarter <
of a million tons of coal per working-day '
throughout thc year in thc production of :
mechanical power, we can form sonic
faint iden ol' the service rendered by the |
steam engine to the country. I
Whence This Power.' (
Air. .1. H. Brown, better known as thc i
" mind reader," is in the city, and on ?
last Saturday gave a most extraordinary i
j test of his powers. Quite a party of i
gentlemen, including a number td' news
paper attaches, met him at the Tremont
house, with a view of experimenting
with the strange force of which he is
possessed. It having been reported that
lie could read the mind of a person at j
some distance, if properly connected
with him by means of a wire, it was de
termined to experiment in that dirction
by means of the wire connecting the Tre
mont house with the operating room of
the "Western Union telegraph office, a dis
tam e of nearly four blocks. Having rc
cieved their instructions as lo the milli
ner of procedure, a part of the experi
menters repaired to the Western Union
office, while others remained with Mr.
Brown in the telegraph office of thc
Tremont. Arrived at thc main office,
one of the gentlemen took out a gold pen
ed, wrote on a slip of paper in a spirit of
jocoseness, "How is this for nigh?"I
wrapped the pencil in the paper written)
upon, and deposited both in a drawer.!
Word was then sent to Tremont. '"All!
ready." Quickly at cither end of thc!
circuit thc wires were detached, taken in I
hand at one end by Mr. Brown, at the
other by the party who was to transmit!
the message, and this position was main-1
tained for several minutes. The gentle
man sending the message kept his mind'
i intently pu thc fact that he had placed a
j gold pencil and naper written upon in a
t drawer, and in about a minute alter Mr. j
Brown had taken hold of the wire with
om; hand, he llegan to write with thc
other Gold pencil wrapped iii paper,
with something written on it, in a draw-'
er. Thc writing is, "How is this for
for high?"'
Who can explain this phenomenon ; and
what is mind, that in "solid lorin," as it
were, the intelligence evolved from it
can 1)0 passed along a common wire?
Verily tiie study-not to say science-of
psychology^ ?- io ?is iiifiiiicy.--C%/ci'i</?
I Times. .
A OOUI1LK IIA UV K.ST.
A fariner Mit :il Iiis kitcllOII door,
Smoking his noonday pipi*.
And over thc holds lits eyes won* ast,
Where Iii?! grain wi gobion ripe,
N..?tilo,! away
Through tho sum II KT day.
With shadows and sunshine hard a: play.
Down hy tho gato tho fanner saw
( And he eh nek led low in (?lev)
Two, who whis|>erod logo!her there.
"Sn!" said thu fariner. " I see
If 1 guess aright,
And their skies are hrlghl.
There'll lie harvesting soon willi main and.might.'
Tho weeks' weill hy, ami the old hai n groaned
With the might nf harvest store
lint lin- farmer laughed, foi well
There reniained one harvest mero.
Since Cupid had sown,
Willi grain of his own,
A crop that love must harvest alone.
The farmer sal at his kitchen door.
When the evening meal was dono,
And he laid a kiss on his daughter's brow,
And welcomed his ncw-fiiuuil son;
And the harvest lime,
With wedding hill-' chime,
Snug ils days into merry rhyme.
CIIAJIA.CTEK CONNOISSEURS.
Saturday Itovicw.
The vulgar tendency to simulate a
knowledge about things where the requi
site conditions of accurate information
arc clearly wanting, has ever been a
theme for philosophic satire. It is the
recognition of this tendency which has led
the thinking few to despise tho opinion of
the many as a spurious and counterfeit
kind of recognition. From Flato, who
distinctly excluded mere opinion from the
category of certain knowledge, to the mod
ern idealist, who pays no heed to the
strongest assurances of common sense,
philosophers have made light of prevail
ing convictions, on the ground that they
are formed in haste, and with no due ap
preciation of thc conditions of a rational
certainty. Not only so, but science itself,
which might he supposed to maintain a
more amicable attitude toward prevailing
belief, has long since learnt to imitate
philosophy in its contempt for vulgar
ideas, and a .scientific lecture would now
be deemed wanting in spirit ami point if
it failed to illustrate, by some startling
example, thc wide opposition between the
habituai inferences of common minds and
the verified conclusions of the savant.
Nowhere, perhaps, does popular belief
exhibit its hastiness and inadequacy more
conspicuously than in the readiness of
most persons to pronounce an opinion re
specting the characters and motives of
others. The confidence with which many
a man and woman will talk about the de
sires and habits of a comparatively new
- \ - -ntAUco ...."ii*
Minti ns asignal illustration ol the cager-'
ness of mankind to seem wise. There are
many whose modesty and good sense
would prevent their giving an opinion on
any point of scientific Knowledge or
aesthetic appreciation, who, nevertheless,
feel no hesitation in passing judgment
respecting matters of conduct, of which
their knowledge is infinitesimal. Num
bers of people, who do not in the least
seem to bc ashamed of ignorance respect
ing most matters of discussion, arc quite
sensitive as to their reputation for knowl
edge, with respect to the intricacies of
human character. When, for example,
there is an addition to thc society of a
small town, through thc arrival of a new
family, there is the greatest impatience
to have a definite and fixed opinion re
jecting thc idiosyncrasies of the new
comers. There will certainly he more
han one knowing person wiiose supposed
iniekness of perception will at once coa
de them, satisfactorily to themselves, lo
lelinc and characterize the man or
ivoman about whom curiosity i.> natur
illy aroused. It is curious, loo, to no
lice the readiness of others to accord to
these persons the special faculty for intui
tion which they claim for themselves, lt
lias often been remarked, that thc first
condition of winning the confidence of
?tilers, is to display a fair amount of self
confidence, and this truth h fully illus
trated in the case of thc people whom we
ure now considering. When a lady gives
Dill among her acquaintance that she is
un expert in matters nf character and dis
position, she speedily gains an enviable
reputation for this kind of prescience; If
there is any new character to be deci
phered, about which there hangs a cer
tain mystery, she is tho authority to
whom all repair, in order to acquire defi
nite information. If a scandal is just
germinating, and eve rybody is on tiptoe
respecting its real nature and results, it
is tliis connoisseur who is resorted to for
II final solution of the problem. In this
way people arc sustained in the pleasing
belief that they possess some easy avenue
to the minds ami hearts of their fellows,
thanks lo which they are enabled to dis
pense with thc tardy methods of observa
tion, comparis m and analysis, and to read
ll new character as confidently as au un
folded letter.
Yet it does not call for any remarka
ble power of reflection to see that this
intuitive kind of knowledge bf others
must he very delusive. For, first of all,
human character is au exceedingly com
plex ami variable thing, and can not lie
known except after patient attention.
The facial perusal of character, ol which
we now speak, always involves two infer
ences, cither of which may bc a mistaken
one. In the first place, thc self-styled
observer argues, that certain things which
have held good of other people will hold
good of thc new character, and since il is
exceedingly easy to mistake a quality of
a certain order of minds for a universal
attribute of mankind, there i- always a
chance of a wrong induction. In thc next
place, the observer is compelled to judge
the whole of il character from tl very few
data; and here again there is ample room
or error in reasoning that, because one,
I fe!tor acted so and so to-day, this must
?lie his characteristic mode of feeling or
'acting. In other words, human nature is
too variable, both as a whole and within
the limits of a single individual, to allow
of thc*rapid kind of prevision of which
we tu c speaking .
There is a second obstacle to this in
stantaneous reading ol character, which
odis for special notice. Not only is
marncter a phenomenon of great com
plexity, hut it is also one in a high, degree
inaccessible. For, in the first place, all
thc thoughts and purposes of another
have to be inferred from external signs;
and this process, however carefully car
ried tm, must always he liable to error.
The real uniformities of connection be
tween feeling and expression, for exam
ple, can only bc known approximately
after a wide and careful comparisoivt'of in
dividual peculiarities; This 'reflection
never occurs to the confident connoisseur
of physiognomy, who fondly imagines
Unit every moral peculiarity is distinctly
indicated by some one form of ?facial
structure or movement. In thc second
place, it should he remembered that all
of us have a certain power of dissimula
tion, and most ol us are accustomed to
pul sonic kind of watch on our words ami
fictions. This is especially thc case when
we have to confront a new observer. Wo
do not care, in most instances, to be
conned too easily by our fellows. Nearly
everybody is accustomed lo some nieas
srre of reticence before strangers, while
there are few who, from a certain kind
ol pride and titree of individuality, are
wont even to mislead casual observers
iespectingtheir real aims and sentiments.
Thus it happens that a person who is
ready at. it glance to classify any new
yiiricty of character, runs the risk td'ac
cepting, as au essential ingredient of thc
phenomenon, something which is wholly
adventitious, lt may lie said, of course,
mat the instances we have selected are
exceptional ones, that the great majority
off people are both too much alike and
ibo transparent in their words and actions
to occasion tiny serious difficulty to a
noter ol men's natures and ways. That
there is a certain force in this considera
tion may be readily granted. At the
sime time, this fact docs not alter the
truth til' our contention, that in every
hasty judgment of character, there is al
ways an element til' risk which forbids
the process being described as an intui
tive one. S~o, too, we may concede that
a certain few possess an indisputable fac
ulty of quick perception of the complex
ities of human character. Yet, when we
come to analyze this faculty, we find
that it resolves itself into a happy skill
iu conjecture, which no doubt includes a
certain range of past observation as well
?13 a quickness of imaginative insight into
i thor persons' feelings, but which, nevcr
liip1o..o ?dwavs remains ?'bat Plato
'TOfllU IfilTt'T'.?n.^?M TH.jX---?-31..?..
w-Jiolly destitute of the exact certaWf- of
scientific inference. Those who tee in
?his conjectural skill a mysterious power
of intuition, are dazzled by the instances
of correct prediction which they happen
tb have witnessed, and fail to take account
of thc errors to which this process is cer
tain to lead.
It would probably bean interesting in
quiry to trace out the various impulscsof
human nature, winch serve to sustain and
foster this impatience in thc observation
bf others. .Some of thc principal influ
ences at work, will readily suggest them
selves to a thoughtful mind. It ?solivi?os
that thc mere gratification of pride which
attends all consciousness of knowledge,
real or imaginary, will not account lorine
peculiar force of this tendency. That is
to say, though it is true that the motive
of vanity leads men lo imagine thal they
are conversant with many matters of
which they tire, in reality, profoundly ig
norant, it (kies not explain why they
should he especially liable to assume this
appearance ol'intelligence with respect to
their fellows. It is evident that these
special influences must be looked for in
tno peculiarities of the relations which
people hold to one another. The follow
ing suggestions may, perhaps, roughly in
dicate the character of these influences.
First of ail, it is manifestly of practical
importance to everybody to gain some
thing like a definite opinion respecting
those whom he basto meet in social inter
course. It, as some philosophers contend,
the first motive of all inquiry is the need
of a definite basis for action, ive may un
derstand how it is that most people are
so eager to come to a decision respecting
thc dispositions of their acquaintances.
Nothing is more embarrassing or annoy
ing, for example, to a hospitably-disposed
lady, than lo have to <io with a person
whose tastes and ideas arc shrouded in
mystery. By the very painfulness of thc
situation, she is driven to franni sonic hy
pothesis as lo thc person's real character,
however little ground she may have for
plausible conjecture. In this way, people
come to delude themselves that they have
ascertained a man's real character, when
they have simply been driven by the in
conveniences of conscious ignorance to
construct a purely hypo.betieul concep
tion with regard to thc object. Another
influence at work in these cases is a form
of the primitive fetishistic impulse lo in
terpret everything outside one 8 own con
scious life in terms of thc same. Thc
same tendency which accounts for thc
savage projecting his own feelings and in
tention into tree or river nccounis foi
people transferring their own modes ol
thought and sentiment to every new minci
which conic under their notice. It n
quite curious to remark thc invet
eracy of Ibis habit, even after limpi? op
portunity has been given for d ii cover inf
tho. endless diversities of individual tern
pc rallient. Possibly there is a charm l<
many persons in the spectacle of a minc
relirinhig up to mature years thc naivi
belief that all tho rest of the world must
feel and net precisely as il does, and tiiii
(esthetic consideration may serve st il
further to confirm thc habit. I'cop'u ari
on (nu raged in thc cultivation of thii
mofle 01 regarding others, by the rcllcc
(ion that it is taken to indicate a singu
lar innocence of nature, and a loiichinj
unfitness to deni with the harsh nitrion
eic* and contradictions of human cliarac
lorj However this may h;\ ibo luihitdoe
.J . ?<
ii '" . '
? . s : >
prevail in ninny inindSj ?iud is ?1 fruitful
source of hasty inference nhl delusive
misconception. May not one sec illus
trations of this tendency in thegreat lia
bility pf both men and women to delude
themselves with respect to the"characters
.which they choose for '(Tic matrimonial
relation? Il is not only ihcMu. ocent girl
which commits thh%error, by loudly im
agil?ng in thc absence of evidence* thiS
her lover must necessarily share her own
june thoughts; the highly cultivated man.
too, may fall into it, hy taking it for
granted that the young "woman whom
he selects as h is most intimate companion
feel the same higll aspirations that he
himself feels. ?l
The other influences which appear to
fav< ?ur this impatience ol belief with re
spect to the characters of others are s-pe
cial emotional forces. The operation of
feeling io sustaining assurance even
when there is the minimum of evidence
has been a favorite theme of philosophers.
There are two modes of this operation,
according as thc feeling predisposes io
belief in .miy shape or favors some par
ticular va jety of conviction. both ol
these modes may he illustrated in the
class of beliefs of which we are now
speaking. An example of the first is
given us in the action of a love of power ?61
un our observation of others' characters, ipi.
A readiness in unravelling the threads of j /.<
human sentiment, and purpose has al
ways he n looked on as a ground for self
grnt'dhition and for the admiration of
niters. A man who thinks himself ca
pable of divining instantaneously! an
ther's unspoken thoughts has not only
the pleasing consciousness ol' power
which every supposition of knowledge
brings with it, hut also a gratifying feei
ng of equality with this second person,
fil?t is to say, he thinks himself mi a
CVel with this other in respect lo the{
rnowlcdgc of any thoughts or impulses
rhich may occur to him. Not only so,
?ut tho assumption of this omniscient
iisight into character will pretty cer
ainly inspire awe, if not dread, in many
?thor minds, so that the man or woman
rho can make any pretensions to this
inc penetration will lie able to indulge
ii the most .delicious emotions of power
nd superiority. A supposition so in
eiisely gratifying as this must be will
?.etty certainly he scenic from that
lose scrutiny and careful vcrilication
rhich alone would prove its validity.
The feelings which predispose men to
n ter tai ll a priori a certain kind of notion
especting thc character of others
'here is the desire for sympathy, which
s very strong in most minds, and which
irompts a person to anticipate that
.very new character will respond in a
;ind of grateful resonance to his indivi
llial sentiments. Then there are the
inpulses of love and admiration which
ircdispo.se the mind lo believe in human
;oodncss and render it optimistic, in its
^inceptions of character. On the other
land, there arc the less pleasing senti
ncnts of distrust, hostility, and eon
cmpt, which sustain thc conception
hat everybody is mean and ignoble till
ie has proved'himself to be the contrary.
riic.se and other feelings always dispose
heir possessens to form certain opinions
esoeeting any new character long before
he.- have the necessary foundation for
uch opinions. To any one who will
risc himself the trouble of working out
he many and complicated influences
vhich tend to produce conviction re
ipecting matters of character, quite apart
rom the force of evidence, it can not bc
illrpr?sing that people's judgments on
he ideas and motives of others arc often
10 crude and inexact, and so little de
serving to be called intuitions.
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of
CO-OPERATION IN ENGLAND. .th
- pu
rio- Civil Sei-y^e^iipnl.v AMMOFintioti amil | *yj
This institution, little Heard of in the\lir.
United States, is one of the peculiarities v''
if the British capital. The object is to ti
bi
ipital. The object
supply families with articles for consump
tion and general usc at thc lowest possible
prices. It originated in a combination
inning persons holding subordinate posi
tions under the government, municipal
ind national; hence tin: title. With their
comparative small salaries, and ?heir anx
iety to live respectably, they found il
impossible to pay the high charges for the
various necessaries of life, and so they
nloptcd a co-operative system, a lil tlc
like that attempted by the granges or the
patrons of husbandry in some -parts of
America, or, bj other words, something
like the old-fashioned plan of orders
ulopted in many of the manufacturing
?owns in our own country, the difference
here being that cash must he paid for
everything on. the spot. The institution
issues 4,500 shares to its members, each
of whom pay ?5 or$25 per annum, which,
besides securing the benefit of the society,
entitles the holder to take part in t?ie|?>
meetings of the association and to have a ?''
voice in the management. Tickets may tl
be sold to others on Uic, payment of half ?".
a crown (02? cents), which tickets setairt
the purchasing of goods at (he stoic-and
from the linns connected with lhe asso
ciation, but. they cannot attend thc meet
ings or take part in the management.
Tickets may also he obtained by tho wid
ows of civil servants upon the payment \ h
of haifa crown yearly, and hythe widows f'
of members without payment. When "*(
you are told thal this organization con-' b
sists of hundreds of thousands of persons, j ?>:
and that thc supplies arc furnished hy
thousands of establishments, and thal no
su h thing as a pecuniary loss has ever
!;app.... i, or anything Mice dishonesty in
ai y one of the branches, you realize how! .
successful it has been. And this fad ia 3
more apparent as you examine thc prices' h
paid by those who enjoy the benefits ot I
ibo system. In looking over th? list of y
articles furnished, I porceivc that ii. in- si
i ludes literally everything - groceries. | .;
wines and spirits, provisions' tobacco ao l a'
?gars, hosiery! drapery,* trent's and lad'KS
10 thing, Taney goods, drugs, plato, fura
tationcry and jewelry, hooks and nuts ie
louschold' furniture; in fact, everything
11 the way of necessaries and luxuries.
The pri?e list for tin* quarter ending
he. il 1st of August, 1^70, showed a n
uction ol' fr?ni ."> to *2-~> per cent, on tho
prevailing rates. When you rejleei that
Iiis organization ?- not patronized alone
iy the poorer classes, hut is really siip
ortyd hy persons in the very best cir
II install?es, and ineludcs.as 1 learn, very
nilly of the nobility, you will see at once,
ot only how 'useful i t is, hut how ncces
iiry integrity is essential to ?ls manage
lent. At fust there was a decided pro
ust against it among old establishments,
ut now it has become so powerful that
includes thousands of cooperative
ores, and, of course, compels by the
cry nature of its competition reasonable
rices among those who are not connected
iib it. During the christmas holidays
?inc ol these civil service stores received
rei* their counters as much as 8200,000
ia single day, and ii is a noteworthy
ct, as illustrated, lor instance, by M r.
erster, M. P., in his speech on the 'odd
Upws, which is in England a kind of
utiliil relu;!' organization, that the co
leralivc system a-i applied to working
.opie has been a triumphant success.
mulan Letter
The Destruclion of Lisbon.
A writer in Lippincnt l's gives tin1 lij
wing description j^f thc destruction of
sbon : The morning of November I
wned sefone, hut the heavens wen*
zy; since midnight the thermometer had
en one degree, Mea ll univ As it was
c feast of "all saint-," the churches
?re thronged from an early hour, and
their aitars brilliantly illuminated
th thousands of tapers, and decorated
th garlands of various tinted muslins
d thin silks. At a (punter of ten
lock the first shock was feit, lt was
slight that many attributed it to the
ssage of heavy wagons in thc street.
J even lo mere laney. Three minutes
erward a second shock occurred, so
ilent that it seemed as if the heaven?
I earth were passing away. This agi
ion lasted fully ten minutes, and ero
liminished the greater port iou ul the
y was in ruins. The duslP raised ob
ired the sun; an Egyptian darkness
.vailed, and to,add io the univcr.
for tl??^?V'irful screams ol' the liv*
1 the groans of ti;C,,vin- l'9S(jit#"
i air, Ih twenty liii'ii'."*^ [W {J
HS 11 (Vi ?i'j. A-'iiV?Ji - cvhwl?
escape. Some were .
ls, hut were soon disent,..
ing hy the rumors that those Who nail
cady gone thither were suffocating
ni the clfects of the dense fi ?tr of dust
rich still rose from the falling buildings,
en they rushed inwards thc quays
ich line a part of the Tagus, b'.'f only
learn the horrible news that tillie had
ik into thc earth with all the people
I edifices upon them. Those who
night to put out to sea were told lb
ik at the river, and lo! in its centre
iy beheld a whirlpool which was suck
r in all the vessels and boats in its vi
iity, and not a fragment of them ever
ing seen again. Toe royal palace had
ih entirely swallowed up, and over thc
e is now the vast square of the Taco,
Black Horse, one of the largest public
ices in lin rope. The great librar, of
B holy ghost was in Haines, and its
iceless Moorish and Hebrew maiiu
ipts fast becoming ashes, 'flic opera
use had fallen in, the inquisition was
more, and the great church of San
nuingo was hu*, a heap of stbnes, he
ath v hieb lay crushed to atoms the
tire congregation. Thc Irish church
St. Paul was the death-place of one
oitsand persons, ami inc palace of Kent
.sta, where Catharine of Ilraganza,
dow of Charles II., lived and died,
id fallen over from i'm* heights on
Idell it was built, and utterly desi roved
c poor hut. populous part of the town
hieb lay beneath ii. In a word, where
it an hour since was Lisbon was now
ithingbutdcsolatioii. As to t he people,
lio can describe their condition? At
asl 70,000 persons had perished, and
ic majority of the survivors were emi
ly wounded and in agony of mind and
i(ly, Some went mad with fright,sonn
st forever the power of speech; sinners
L?ni about eon fessing their secret crimes,
ul fanatics, believing the last day had
nie. cried out lo the horror-stricken
altitude to "repent, for thal Christ was
niing to judge thequickand the dead/'
Politeness in (?real Sien.
Politeness is always thc mark of good
ceding, and some of the greatest men
ive been noted for their courtesy. Many
they have owed the popularity thal
as a recognition of thc greatness, in no
nail measure to their consideration of
hers. The following is related ol' thc
ie Edward Everett : Many years ago,
ie errand boy employed hy a puhlish
ig house in a gnat city was sent io
meure from Edward Everett tli.5-nroof
iccts of a hook which he bao been
camining. The hov entend thc vast
brary, lined from floor to c.'ding with
joks, in fear and trembling; he stood
i awe of thc famous man, and dreaded
> meet him. but Mr. Everett, turning
om the desk where he was writing,
.dived tin* hov with ie.e-;? ; ?ag coiir
.sy, bade him sit down, cHttJted kindly
< he looked for thc i>*i eauheets, and
-ked: "Shall 1 puta pa r cr round them
ir you?" as nolitclv as if hi- visitor
ere* the president, 'fla' hoy flop::.tod
i a very comfortable finnie ol' . lind,
le had been raised in his own esteem by
Ir. Everett's kindness, and has never
.rgottcn th<* lesson it taught him.
Pl' is said that fully three million cubic
ards of iovecs will he needed foi Ibo Mis
ssippi liver alone, thc coming season, to
iy nothing of lied river, the Ontchita
nd i he Atchafalnys.